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Triangulation in qualitative research
... The incident reports were subjected to content analysis to extract relevant information on the types of cyberattacks, the impact on organizations, and the effectiveness of the response measures (Krippendorff, 2018). The findings from the incident reports were triangulated with the data from interviews and surveys to ensure the validity and reliability of the results (Flick, 2004). ...
... The findings from the qualitative and quantitative analyses were triangulated to ensure validity and reliability of the results (Flick, 2004). This involved comparing and contrasting the findings from different data sources and methods. ...
This study explores developing and implementing advanced cybersecurity protocols to protect customer data and ensure secure transactions within the retail industry. By setting a high standard for data protection, these measures contribute significantly to national cybersecurity efforts. The research analyzes current threats, evaluates existing cybersecurity frameworks, and proposes robust protocols to mitigate potential risks. The findings demonstrate that enhanced cybersecurity measures safeguard sensitive information, reinforce consumer trust, and comply with regulatory requirements. For instance, adopting end-to-end encryption and multi-factor authentication significantly improves data security. Additionally, integrating AI-driven real-time threat detection systems and regular security audits are highlighted as critical components in a comprehensive cybersecurity strategy. This paper provides a comprehensive guide for retail organizations to enhance their cybersecurity posture effectively, contributing to the broader goal of national cybersecurity and setting a high standard for the industry.
... Hammersley and Atkinson (2007) noted that different methods may yield contradictory findings, and it would be overly simplistic and confident to assume that simply combining data from various sources will necessarily yield a more accurate or comprehensive understanding. Some researchers also contended that the concept of triangulation imposes a positivist notion of validity onto qualitative research, which they argued is inappropriate (e.g., Flick, 2004;Silverman, 2021). ...
... Similarly, Fielding and Fielding (1986) argued that different methods reveal different aspects of reality, not necessarily validating each other, but contributing to a more holistic understanding. Flick (2004) suggested that Denzin's four types of triangulation are useful in thinking about increasing understanding: data triangulation (data collected at different times or from different sources), investigator triangulation (different researchers independently collect data), methodological triangulation (multiple methods of data collection), and theory triangulation (different theories used to interpret the same data). Simons (2009) pointed out that triangulation in social research is also concerned with the consideration of multiple, socially constructed, perspectives. ...
In a world increasingly driven by technology, a trend recently accelerated by the COVID-19 pandemic and the emergence of generative AI, teachers require novel assessment literacies to effectively assess students' digital literacies. This ethnographic case study explores the assessment practices of two Singaporean English Language teachers, examining the complex dynamics that shape the assessment of students' digital literacies in the classroom. Specifically, the study addresses four research questions related to the impact of teachers' formative assessment practices, digital and assessment literacies, relationships with students, and contextual barriers on the assessment of digital literacies.
Over a four-month period, data were collected through lesson observations, teacher interviews and artefacts. Using Wiliam and Thompson's (2008) formative assessment framework and thematic analysis, the study found that teachers' adeptness in facilitating meaningful learning discussions, providing personalised feedback, and leveraging technology for assessment strongly impacts their ability to develop students' digital literacies. However, teachers' own digital literacies, potentially misaligned expectations of students, and systemic constraints can limit effectiveness.
The study concludes that innovative assessment literacies, integrating digital literacies, relational elements, teacher identity and systemic constraints, are crucial for teachers to effectively assess and support students' development of digital literacies. The findings offer practical insights for educators and recommendations for teacher education programmes to equip teachers with the necessary multifaceted assessment literacies. This research contributes to understanding the complex elements shaping digital literacies assessment and offers guidance for enhancing assessment practices in the digital age.
... All interviews were recorded with the participants' consent and transcribed and coded with f4analyse. We terminated data collection after the 11th interview because we could not gain any new insights regarding problems and challenges in virtual meetings, which is why theoretical saturation is assumed (Flick, 2004). With these insights derived from the interviews, we want to sharpen the awareness and understanding of the problem to provide a practical and theoretical basis for upcoming design requirements, design principles, and design features in the DSR process for metaverse environments in the context of virtual teams (Kuechler & Vaishnavi, 2008;Peffers et al., 2006). ...
... Second, all authors analyzed the interview transcripts to gain insights from different perspectives. These two approaches reduce individual subjective influence (Flick, 2004). To achieve a valid coding system with a sufficiently high level of agreement, we included Cohen's Kappa as statistical measure to show the agreement between the coders (Cohen, 1960). ...
The metaverse is becoming a new way of working for virtual teams, providing an immersive environment that is redefining how we collaborate and work in an interconnected world. Recognizing the necessity to enhance the dynamics of team collaboration in the evolving virtual workspace, we take a closer look at virtual team meetings by employing a design science research (DSR) approach. Through conducting eleven in-depth interviews, we systematically explored and identified the specific problems encountered in virtual team meetings. Following a thorough analysis, based on the identified problems, we primarily derived design principles for virtual environments and design metaverse-specific digital nudges that positively influence the behavior of team members to enhance team collaboration.
... Within the qualitative research tradition, triangulation has also been pursued [24,25,28]. There are several ways in which qualitative researchers have done this. ...
... One way is by combining various methods of qualitative data collection and analysis, such as interviews, observations, visual data, discourse analysis, and document analysis. Another way is by meaningfully combining theories that underpin these methods, such that different epistemological assumptions are made explicit and set in a dialogue [28]. Lawrie and colleagues [29] combine wiki laboratory notebooks and open response items to investigate learning outcomes and processes in an inquiry-type nanoscience chemistry laboratory course. ...
Despite the growing number of published studies on student learning in the laboratory, there is a critical need to improve methodological rigor. Resonating with discussions on research methods, this paper outlines the importance of theory-informed research questions, the minimization of researcher and participant biases, and the use of triangulation and iteration in data collection to establish rigor. An illustrative case is presented within the context of a large interdisciplinary research project aimed at improving laboratory learning at the university level. The project incorporates two research avenues: one focusing on literature and faculty perspectives, and the other on a comprehensive assessment of multidimensional learning in the laboratory. The project employs a mixed methods paradigm and is grounded in a conceptual framework that conceptualizes laboratory work as epistemic practice, requiring a holistic analysis of student learning. The article concludes by discussing the results and implications of the project's findings, which are synthesized to highlight aspects of establishing methodological rigor. The overarching goal is to develop a comprehensive assessment instrument that captures the complexity and richness of the laboratory learning environment. The findings from this research are expected to contribute to the advancement of laboratory education research by providing a model for methodological rigor that can be applied across various scientific and interdisciplinary contexts.
... Methodological triangulation enhances the validity of study findings by including multiple data sources across qualitative and quantitative data (Campbell et al. 2020). Using perspectival triangulation, qualitative data were collected from a broad range of perspectives over a long period of time, including organisational leaders, clinical coordinators and APRNs (Vogl, Schmidt, and Zartler 2019;Flick 2004). This triangulation weighs the input of each stakeholder equally while addressing the similarities and differences between perspectives. ...
Aim
To evaluate the implementation of the Transitional Care Model (TCM), an evidence‐based, advanced practice registered nurse‐led multi‐component intervention, as part of a randomised controlled trial during the first year of the COVID‐19 pandemic.
Design
Parallel convergent mixed‐methods approach.
Methods
Data for this study were collected between June 2020 and February 2021. Data from 78 patients who received the intervention and 68 recorded meetings with system leaders and clinical teams were analysed using descriptive statistics, directed content analysis, and joint display.
Results
Fidelity to delivery of elements of the TCM components was variable, with the Hospital‐to‐Home visit elements having the widest range (14.3%–100%) and Maintaining Relationships elements having the highest range (97.3%–98.6%). There were 27 identified challenges and 15 strategies for implementing the TCM with fidelity during the pandemic.
Conclusion
The COVID‐19 pandemic impacted all aspects of the delivery of the TCM across all sites. This historical event highlighted the need for services and support for patients and caregivers transitioning from the hospital to home.
Implications for Nursing and Patient Care
Evidence‐based solutions are needed to enhance healthcare delivery and patient outcomes. Findings will guide nurses in implementing proven transitional care interventions.
Impact
Findings will inform the implementation and scaling of transitional care and other evidence‐based interventions across diverse healthcare settings.
Reporting Method
GRAMMS reporting guidelines.
Patient or Public Contribution
No patient or public contribution.
Trial Registration
ClinicalTrials.gov identifier: NCT04212962. https://www.clinicaltrials.gov/study/NCT04212962?titles=NCT04212962&rank=1
... Different coders helped to identify and sort themes to offset bias and validate the data by allowing to triangulate the information collected (Flick, 2004). Each workshop was audiotaped and translated from the local languages (Dari or Pashto) into English and compared to the notes taken. ...
Inclusive education remains a distant goal in Afghanistan threatened by issues of discrimination based on gender, disability, ethnicity, cultural beliefs and socioeconomic status. To promote more inclusive practices, we conducted 120 participatory workshops in three rounds, including 1187 volunteer children aged 9 to 12 years old from grades three, four and five in 40 primary rural schools of Badakhshan, Ghazni and Takhar provinces of Afghanistan between 2018 and 2021. Children described inclusion as the combination of allowing all children to access school and to effectively learn. Children were able to meaningfully define the state of education while articulating coherently what motivates them, their teachers, and parents and what actions need to be taken to improve the whole school system. In a political context limiting girls’ education, children voiced their need for a school environment that is enriching, supportive and adapted to their needs and expectations to keep motivated and engaged.
... To limit bias, we frequently triangulated each academic source with another non academical source to validate the relevance of the data and their subsequent analysis (Flick, 2004). ...
... Con este objetivo, para definir qué forma de reflexividad dominaba en los diferentes entrevistados, se llevaron a cabo sesiones de discusión entre los investigadores para reflexionar sobre la pertinencia y la precisión de los códigos y subcódigos aplicados. De esta manera se aseguraron la fiabilidad y validez del análisis de la atribución (Flick, 2004). ...
Esta investigación analiza el impacto del gerencialismo en las identidades académicas en una universidad pública de Chile. A través de un estudio de caso, se profundiza en cómo las prácticas gerencialistas que priorizan la eficiencia y la medición del rendimiento modifican la gestión universitaria y la labor de sus académicos. Con base en el concepto de reflexividad de Archer, se estudia cómo los académicos negocian frente a la tensión resultante entre las identidades académicas tradicionales y las nuevas demandas de productividad, lo cual resulta en diferentes modos de reflexividad autónoma, meta-reflexiva, fracturada y comunicativa, y muestra cómo los académicos se han adaptado a estos cambios. Los resultados indican que, aunque los académicos se han ajustado de manera pragmática a las demandas del gerencialismo, esto no implica necesariamente una aceptación ideológica de esas prácticas. Asimismo, se evidencian una diversificación y redefinición en la identidad académica que reflejan una compleja interacción entre las exigencias institucionales y las percepciones individuales de los académicos. Como conclusión, se obtiene que el gerencialismo conduce a una reconfiguración del ambiente y de la identidad de los académicos en las universidades chilenas, con un énfasis creciente en la productividad y la investigación sobre la docencia, ambas influenciadas significativamente por el entorno gerencialista en el que se desarrollan.
... This design allows to converge towards an initial understanding of TEFs in general and the CitCom.ai TEF in particular by combining data from multiple methods and data sources (Flick, 2004). For the expert interview study, we selected 14 representatives from relevant organizations. ...
The current surge in AI innovations is gaining increased momentum and attention from both enthusiastic early adopters and concerned stakeholders. The European Commission aims to lead in this rapidly evolving field by implementing legal constraints to prevent potential negative consequences while also helping European AI innovators compete globally. To balance strict legislation with the encouragement of innovation, four sector-specific Testing-and-Experimentation Facilities (TEFs) were launched in 2023. These TEFs serve as specialized, large-scale sites where technology providers across Europe can test and experiment with advanced AI solutions in real-world environments. In the literature, these new innovation facilities are linked to three established concepts: regulatory sandboxes, Living Labs, and testbeds. This paper focuses on CitCom.ai, one of the four operational TEFs, which aims to bridge the gap between AI innovators and the development of smart, sustainable cities and communities. Through a three-part triangulation study, we explore the connection between TEFs and other innovation concepts, the alignment between AI innovators' needs and the TEF service offerings, and the actual usage of these services in running or planned experiments at various TEF sites. Our findings reveal that TEFs incorporate elements of regulatory sandboxes, Living Labs, and testbeds. Currently, services related to testbeds are the most frequently utilized in experiments. However, AI innovators have expressed the greatest need for regulatory sandbox services, indicating a mismatch between what is offered and what is needed. This suggests that initiatives are required to address this imbalance, particularly in the provision of AI regulatory sandbox services, to ensure TEFs fulfil their intended roles and meet their initial promises.
... Even if the methods of free associations have been widely used in the study of social representations (e.g., Dany et al. 2015;Morgiève et al. 2021;Stark et al. 2016), it should be complemented with interviews with relevant actors so that the results of the free associations are validated via triangulations of data (Flick 2004). ...
Social representations of the war, anchored in historical experience and cultural values, play a motivational role in justifying collective behavior. Following Russia’s 2022 invasion of Ukraine, the research delves into the meanings associated with war through a social representation approach. Employing Doise’s sociodynamic approach, researchers identify the semantic field linked with war and analyze its organizing principles, revealing the variability of representations. In total, 313 Italian participants (female = 241, 75.4%; age range = 18–74) completed a questionnaire featuring a free association task with the word “war”, providing demographic and political and religious orientation data. Lexical correspondence analysis, utilizing Spad-t software, highlights three polarized themes: the emotional dimension aroused by war, media-conveyed imagery, and the underlying causes of conflict. The social anchoring analysis projects variables such as gender and political orientation onto a factorial plane. Finally, cluster analysis dissects psychological anchoring, identifying four distinct groups characterized by their descriptions of war: effects, reasons, emotions, and images. Theoretical and practical implications are discussed.
... Subsequently, expert interviews were conducted to refine and hone the initially deduced scripts. This multifaceted methodological approach, encompassing multiple research techniques, is called triangulation (Flick, 2004;Leech & Onwuegbuzie, 2007). Such triangulation is instrumental in mitigating researcher biases, augmenting the validity and reliability of findings, and ensuring their comprehensive accuracy (Moon, 2019). ...
Romance scams, a prevalent form of cybercrime, have surged globally, with South Korea experiencing a rapid rise. Furthermore, perpetrators have adopted increasingly sophisticated tactics. However, South Korea's unique legal framework and the lack of comprehensive regional studies have led to insufficient preventive measures and responses. This research aims to elucidate the modus operandi of South Korean romance scams and highlight their distinguishing features. By employing crime script analysis and conducting interviews with investigators, this study delineated three pre-crime scripts and thirteen criminal event scripts. The research reveals distinctive features of these scams, including the extensive use of KakaoTalk for romantic communications, the significant influence of South Korean cultural norms on scam operations, and the increasing use of advanced technologies such as deepfakes. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of the unique dynamics of romance scams in South Korea, thus facilitating the development of more effective preventive strategies and responses.
... Para asegurar la calidad de nuestra investigación y evitar potenciales sesgos, los procesos de codificación y categorización se realizaron en discusiones y revisiones periódicas entre el equipo de investigación. Para asegurar la triangulación del análisis de los datos, se revisaron las notas etnográficas realizadas por el equipo al inicio del proyecto y se discutieron respecto a lo encontrado en las entrevistas (Flick 2004). Para confirmar la validez interna del análisis se incorporó a dos investigadores -que no participaron de la recolección de datos-, que contaban con el grado de doctor y de magíster, respectivamente, y amplia experiencia en el trabajo con poblaciones vulnerables. ...
Discriminación y riesgo de depresión en migrantes haitianos en Chile: Un estudio secuencial-explicativo mixto Discrimination and symptoms of depression in Haitian migrants in Chile: A sequential-exploratory mixed methods study Resumen: Objetivos: Analizar la relación entre discriminación y riesgo de depresión en población haitiana en Chile. Métodos: Diseño secuencial-explicativo mixto. Se aplicó una encuesta a 207 participantes, con preguntas sociodemográficas, planes y experiencias migratorias, consecuencias de la pandemia COVID-19, sintomatología depresiva (Escala del Centro de Estudios Epidemiológicos CESD-R-20) y preguntas proxy para evaluar discriminación (parte del Cuestionario de Discriminación de Detroit). Se realizaron análisis descriptivos y un modelo logístico multivariado. Posteriormente, se realizaron 16 entrevistas en profundidad, que se analizaron desde un enfoque temático inductivo. Resultados: Intentar mudarse de comuna y no poder hacerlo está asociado de manera independiente con riesgo de depresión. Ser mujer con hijos viviendo fuera de Chile reduce el riesgo de depresión. Enfrentar condiciones de vida adversas como habitar en asentamientos irregulares, junto con políticas migratorias restrictivas, y las experiencias y percepciones cotidianas de discriminación de esta población se asocian con riesgo de depresión. Conclusiones: A partir del análisis mixto se identificó que las percepciones y experiencias de racismo en el nivel institucional e interpersonal (discriminación) de los haitianos en Chile se asocian con riesgo de depresión. Estos hallazgos pueden informar futuras investigaciones sobre salud mental en poblaciones migrantes-racializadas. Palabras claves: depresión, discriminación, migrantes, racismo, atención a la salud mental. Abstract Aims: Analyze the relationship between discrimination and the risk of depression in the Haitian population in Chile. Methods: Mixed sequential-explanatory design. A survey was administered to 207 participants, with sociodemographic questions, migration plans and experiences, consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic, risk of depression (Center for Epidemiological Studies Scale CESD-R-20), and proxy questions to evaluate discrimination (part of the Detroit Discrimination Questionnaire). Descriptive analyses and a multivariate logistic model were performed. Subsequently, 16 in-depth interviews were conducted and analyzed from an inductive thematic approach. Results: Attempting to move to another neighborhood and not being able to do so is independently associated with the risk of depression. Being a woman with children living outside Chile reduces the risk of depression. Facing adverse life events such as living in irregular settlements, together with restrictive migration policies, and the daily experiences and perceptions of discrimination of this population are associated with symptoms of depression. Conclusions: From a mixed analysis, it was identified that the perceptions and experiences of racism at the institutional and interpersonal level (discrimination) of Haitians in Chile are associated with the risk of depression. These findings can inform future research on the mental health of migrant-racialized populations.
... In order to ensure the validity and the robustness of our findings, different steps were taken. We employed both triangulation among interviewees, in order to reduce 'single source bias', and triangulation among the researchers involved in the interview and coding process, so to ensure consistency and reliability in the data interpretation (Flick, 2004). Inter-coder reliability tests have been employed to test the validity of the coding system and the robustness of our findings (O'Connor & Joffe, 2020). ...
... Through the combination of interviews, thematic content analysis, and secondary data, such as press articles in our case, we were able to gain a comprehensive understanding of the relationship between size and social acceptability. This approach has the advantage of confirming the results, enhancing the data's validity, and providing a more comprehensive picture of the studied issues (Flick, 2004). ...
This article examines the influence of the size of renewable energy projects on their social acceptability. To do so, it focuses on biomethane in France. Using a qualitative approach based on interviews and press analysis, we reveal that the perception of project size varies considerably according to territorial context and associated emotional impacts. The results show that even large projects can be socially acceptable if they are properly integrated with their objectives aligned with local expectations. The study highlights the tension between ambitions for large-scale biomethane development and local preferences for human-scale initiatives. The article proposes strategies for improving the social acceptability of biomethane projects, taking account of local specificities and promoting in-depth consultation with communities.
... The research presented in this article is built on a mix of three different qualitative empirical materials: an in-depth interview study, analysis of published public and formal documents and websites, and participant observation. This combination of various empirical sources allows us to triangulate the findings from each observation in the different methods used (Flick 2004). ...
In this paper we suggest that far too often economic geographic theory has been based on simple core-periphery
dualism that mask the reality of creative work in rural or peripheral areas. We take a relational approach and
suggest that being on the periphery does not necessarily mean isolation from the centre nor does it mean relegation
to lower levels of professional and creative possibilities. The study examines a sample of female
contemporary visual artists in the rural Swedish region of V¨armland and suggests that affordability and work-life
balance are the essential reasons for the locational choices of these peripheral artists. Once settled they employ
two strategic coping mechanisms: embracing the creative possibilities of being on the edge; active creation of
network spaces and relations. We suggest that for creative workers’ binary spatial divisions are not appropriate
and that more nuanced relational geographies support both rural and individual creative careers. In particular,
we emphasise one such binary: the presumption that whilst urban creativity is collective, rural creativity is
individual and lacking the benefits of closeness and agglomeration. Rather than the dualism presented in the
creativity literature, we suggest that the case exposes the importance of thinking relational, spatially and
temporarily in terms of project and career life cycles. These artists are not making black or white choices between
the social city and the isolated rural but attempting to mix the advantages of both together through translocal
processes and networks.
... Triangulation was achieved across analysts and across participants. 26 Written memos were recorded after conducting each interview and reviewed throughout the analytic process to foster reflexivity and assist in recalling initial interpretations of participants' experiences. Regular meetings were held with the broader research team to share preliminary findings and receive feedback. ...
Background
Rates of perinatal depression and anxiety increased during the COVID-19 pandemic. It remains unclear how the COVID-19 pandemic influenced risk perception and help-seeking behaviours among pregnant and postpartum individuals.
Objectives
To explore pregnant and postpartum individuals’ decision-making process about when and how to seek support for feelings of depression and/or anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic.
Design
A qualitative descriptive design was used.
Methods
The current study is a secondary analysis of qualitative data collected for a larger mixed-methods project that recruited participants who gave birth from 1 May 2020, to 1 December 2021, in Ontario and British Columbia, Canada, using maximum variation and purposive sampling. Seventy-three semi-structured interviews were conducted over Zoom or telephone. This analysis focuses on 56 individuals who discussed their self-identified feelings of prenatal or postpartum depression and/or anxiety. Conventional (inductive) content analysis was employed with iterative stages of open coding, focused coding and cross-checking themes.
Results
Most participants recognized their need to seek help for their feelings of depression and/or anxiety through discussions with a mental health professional or someone within their social circle. Nearly all participants accessed informal social support for these feelings, which sometimes entailed social contact in contravention of local COVID-19 public health policies. Many also attempted to access formal mental healthcare, encountering barriers both related and unrelated to the pandemic. Participants described the pandemic as having the dual effect of causing or exacerbating their feelings of depression and/or anxiety while also constraining their ability to access timely professional care.
Conclusion
Participants struggled to address their feelings of perinatal depression and anxiety during the COVID-19 pandemic, with many describing a lack of readily available resources and limited access to professional mental healthcare. This study highlights the need for improved provision of instrumental mental health support for pregnant and postpartum populations.
... Triangulation was employed by comparing multiple data sources, including interview transcripts, focus group discussions, and classroom observations, to ensure the credibility and reliability of the findings [63]. This method of triangulation helped to cross-verify the data and provided a more comprehensive understanding of how the professional development framework was implemented in different contexts and by various teachers. ...
Private Islamic schools in Southern Thailand face significant challenges, particularly in adhering to national educational standards, which impacts students’ academic outcomes. Most Islamic Studies teachers lack formal pedagogical training, resulting in a teaching approach that often fails to engage students effectively. This study employed participatory action research (PAR) involving 32 Islamic Studies teachers across 10 schools. The research was structured around the four phases of PAR: establishing relationships, collaborative design, implementation through LS and Open Approach, and reflective assessment. The implementation of Lesson Study and Open Approach led to significant improvements in teaching practices, shifting from traditional teacher-centered methods to learner-centered approaches that emphasized critical thinking, self-directed learning, and the integration of ICT. This study demonstrates that adapting LS to the context of Islamic education can enhance professional development for teachers and improve educational outcomes. This approach could serve as a model for broader educational reforms in the region.
... Post-assessment interviews were analysed using Thematic Analysis [10]. Investigator triangulation [24] involves the participation of three researchers; the author and her supervisors to arrive at a mutually agreed upon interpretation was done as a means of ensuring the trustworthiness of the data. ...
Background
End of traditional institutionalized psychiatric care, diagnostic complexities, and associated stigma often negatively impact the social networks of caregivers, making them experience social isolation. Not the “identified patients”, caregiver perspectives are typically overlooked further adding to anticipatory stigma resulting in social death among them. Caregiving experience results in developing coping skills, preventing carers from responding to the nuances of the context, and identifying the useful rules— “Experiential Avoidance”. Psycho-education is typically combined with other formal treatment programs for case conceptualization, and to provide a clear rationale for the treatment approach but less as a distinct psychotherapy. Borrowing the philosophy of Functional Contextualism, the present study developed a “Present-Moment Awareness” guided psychoeducational intervention. The aim was to reduce schizophrenia caregiver burden and anticipatory stigma and promote the value of caregiver participation as ‘experts by experience’.
Method
Five family caregivers of remitted schizophrenia patients were recruited using purposive sampling. Pre-post measure was taken on caregiver burden, caregiving experience, sense of personal mastery, and caregiving competence. Results were analysed quantitatively and qualitatively.
Results
A significant decrease in caregiver burden, stigma, and negative effects on the family in post-intervention was observed. Self-compassion led to a rise in a sense of empowerment.
Conclusion
A caregiver-centred “Present-Moment Awareness” guided psycho-education for schizophrenia caregivers can be considered a possible means to address perceived stigma in caregivers and to reduce associated distress of carers.
... The aim of this study is thus to explore the attitudes and beliefs of board members and the public toward the enactment of EGQ legislation, comparable to the BGQ legislation that applies to listed companies and companies with 50 or more employees. Mixed research methods were used for three different datasets to improve both the validity and depth of understanding of the results (Flick 2004;Johnson and Onwuegbuzie 2004). The method and results of the qualitative part of this study are reported first, followed by the methods and results of the quantitative part. ...
This study provides the first comprehensive examination of gender quota legislation for executive management positions, executive gender quotas (EGQs), in Icelandic listed companies, alongside the general public's attitudes toward such measures.
Iceland has been a global leader in gender equality, according to the World Economic Forum, for 15 years, yet progress in achieving gender balance in executive positions remains limited. This research aims to explore how board members in all listed companies in Iceland view EGQ legislation and assess the level of public support for such legislation. Despite the implementation of gender quota legislation for corporate boards, board gender quotas (BGQs), in 2010 aimed at promoting gender balance, significant gender disparities persist at the executive management level.
This study reveals distinct attitudes toward EGQs, with men predominantly opposing such legislation and women showing more support, particularly when progress toward gender balance is seen as inadequate.
The findings underscore the importance of ongoing dialogue and potential legislative actions to address persistent gender inequalities in leadership positions.
This research marks a novel contribution to the discourse on gender quotas in corporate governance, highlighting the need for systemic changes to achieve genuine gender parity in executive management teams.
This study presents the first findings on the views of board members and the public on gender quota legislation in executive management positions to close the gender gap in economic participation.
... The research also draws on document analysis to supplement the interview data. In that way, the triangulation of data from different sources enhanced the trustworthiness, credibility, rigour and quality of the research findings (Flick, 2004;Yin, 2018). ...
Communities residing in or near protected areas in Zimbabwe interact with animals every day. These interactions are mostly negative and have a bearing on the socio-economic activities of communities as well as conservation. Factors such as urban expansion and climate change are engendering the increased contact between people and animals. Urban expansion is encroaching animal habitat, and at the same time, climate change is resulting in loss of animals’ habitat and natural food sources for animals, as a solution animals encroach human habitats for survival. Evidence indi-cates that wildlife encroaches human communities in search of water and food; at the same time, humans encroach protected areas for several socio-economic activities including fetching for firewood, poaching, and gathering of fruits. Thus, the two are increasingly sharing space translating into competition over resources and conflict. Based on document analysis, qualitative interviews, and discussions with impacted communities, chapters in this book examine the prevalence of human wildlife conflict and opportunities for coexistence in different parts of Zimbabwe. While conflicts between people and animals are on the rise in the country, we believe that detailed data about the prevalence of conflict can be used by policymakers and conservation-ists to promote coexistence between humans and wildlife. Themes covered in this book will be of interests to academics, policymakers, conservationists, students, and government agencies working within the field of wildlife conservation.
... Para la obtención de los resultados se utiliza la triangulación de datos, por su capacidad para fortalecer la credibilidad y fiabilidad de los resultados. Al combinar las perspectivas obtenidas se pueden identificar patrones y discrepancias, lo que permite una comprensión más completa y profunda del fenómeno estudiado (Flick, 2004), especialmente relevante en investigaciones sociales y de comportamiento, donde las múltiples percepciones del fenómeno requieren variedad de enfoques para ser plenamente entendidas (Guion et al., 2011). ...
El fenómeno conocido como disonancia ludonarrativa emerge como un elemento singular que plantea un dilema contradictorio al jugador y conduce a la toma de ciertas prevenciones sobre la coherencia y la inmersión. Esta investigación pretende contribuir a la comprensión de la funcionalidad de este componente y a determinar su utilidad como herramienta propia del videojuego, partiendo de la creencia de que puede convertirse tanto en un desafío como en una oportunidad para los diseñadores, permitiendo enriquecer la experiencia del jugador. La metodología empleada ofrece una mejor comprensión de este fenómeno desde el punto de vista de las partes implicadas a través de dos técnicas: en primer lugar, focus group con jugadores y, seguidamente, entrevistas semi-estructuradas a desarrolladores, investigadores académicos y periodistas especializados. Los resultados obtenidos indican que la disonancia debe ser tratada como un recurso que permite alcanzar unas finalidades estéticas y jugables determinadas.
... Triangulation of information derived from different source types was used to increase the internal validity of this qualitative research. 9, 10 We focused on addressing the following research questions: Our objective was to address these questions while focusing on the lived experience of LTC homes. The pandemic created conditions that were strikingly similar across geographic space: (1) increased danger of COVID-19 infections required distancing among residents and between residents and staff; (2) LTC home lockdowns to prevent contact with external carriers; and (3) heightened staff attrition due to stress and significantly increased workload. ...
COVID-19 increased the use of technology in everyday life and highlighted critical applications for assistive technologies. This comparative research study explores how assistive technologies, including socially assistive robots, can be adopted by long-term care homes to mitigate the lasting effects of the pandemic. In particular, we investigated the types of assistive technologies used by long-term care facilities to help with the care of older residents and for what tasks. Furthermore, we identified barriers to adoption and proposed policy measures that encourage technology adoption.
... To validate our findings, we triangulated data acquired and integrated from interviews, reports and legal documents (Flick, 2004). This method confirmed the consistency of the information for our study and helped us reconcile any discrepancies. ...
Purpose
In this paper, we explore the impact of land management practices on post-disaster housing, to draw lessons from the case of reconstruction in Türkiye.
Design/methodology/approach
We conducted two qualitative case studies of two reconstruction experiences following the 2020 Elazığ and İzmir earthquakes. We analyzed 70 articles, technical reports and press releases and then used a set of policy analysis tools to examine five policy documents in depth. Finally, we wanted to understand how key officers interpreted these policy documents, so we closely analyzed the transcripts of eight semi-structured interviews.
Findings
Türkiye’s legal framework comprises five main policies that concentrate power in the central government and are not tailored to post-disaster reconstruction. This framework facilitates the construction of rubber-stamped apartment buildings, which disregard cultural and social contexts and practices. The current reconstruction policy neglects alternative options like cooperative housing, which could better respond to communal needs and expectations. It also often leads to the loss of land rights among affected residents.
Research limitations/implications
We only analyzed decision-making processes in two case studies and based our study on a limited number of interviews. Therefore, it is difficult to generalize our results and apply them to other contexts. Further quantitative and qualitative work is necessary to conceptualize the links between land management and post-disaster housing reconstruction.
Practical implications
Our findings suggest a need for legislative frameworks specifically designed to address land management during post-disaster reconstruction. The concentration of power in central governments is problematic, thus it remains crucial to empower local authorities by reinforcing technical expertise and facilitating administrative autonomy.
Originality/value
This study offers unique insights into how power relations influence land management practices in post-disaster housing reconstruction. Examining the centralization of power and its impact on cultural and social practices identifies common forms of dispossession and points to key areas for policy improvement.
... They serve to "reduce any potential ambiguity associated with the transmitted discourse" (Kaye et al., 2016, p. 465) and provide clarity to the target audience about how to interpret the statements. To verify the quality of the findings, I applied triangulation as a validation strategy (Flick, 2004;Jick, 1979). After coding the data, I presented the extracted posts to five independent fishermen who hold fishing licenses in Germany to check the quality of my interpretations. ...
Addressing the largely overlooked area of illegal action in geography, this study draws upon an institutional framework to examine how actors of legitimate institutions admit to their actions in the face of conflicting regulations. In recreational fishing, the practice of voluntary ‘catch and release’ (C&R) of fish collides with official regulations in most German federal states. Yet, despite the prohibition by law and the threat of criminal conviction, this is widely legitimized as a conservation practice. Grounded on extensive social media research and interpretive content analysis I qualitatively extract the underlying social practices that unite voluntary C&R anglers into a cohesive group. Building on these findings, I propose the strategy of institutional signaling as a means of encoding compliance with common expectations while avoiding explicit acknowledgment of unlawful behavior. In this way, the study sheds light on a relatively unexplored facet of our social fabric, where the realms of legitimacy and illegality intersect
... Triangulation of data was applied by using interviews and focus groups in the data collection to enhance the completeness of the findings. In qualitative research, triangulation is the process of using several techniques or data sources to create a thorough understanding of a phenomenon (Flick, 2004). For this study, semi-structured interview and focus groups were used for data collection at different times and with different participants to apply triangulation of data. ...
... En la búsqueda de herramientas que permitan garantizar la convergencia entre ambos enfoques cuantitativos y cualitativos, surge la triangulación (Jick, 1979), al trabajar con diversas fuentes de información y herramientas informáticas se busca reducir los sesgos inherentes a cada metodología (Creswell, 2014;Johnson et al., 2007;Carrero et al., 2012). La combinación de métodos, como exige la triangulación, evoluciona hacia la integración y conexión de datos que sirven de base para el otro, entendiendo que se establece una dinámica cíclica que ofrece garantía de validez y fiabilidad a los análisis presentados (Driessnack et al., 2007;Flik, 2004;Jick,1979;Morse et al., 2002;Moscolini, 2005). ...
Los recursos pesqueros proporcionan alimento y trabajo a millones de personas en todo el mundo, en el caso de Yucatán son miles las personas beneficiadas con la actividad pesquera, una de las pesquerías más importantes con efectos económicos y sociales es la del Octopus maya. Esta especie endémica es reconocida, local, regional e internacionalmente. Sin embargo, diversos factores ambientales han ido moldeando la relación entre los pescadores y el octópodo conduciéndolo hacia un futuro incierto. El objetivo general de esta investigación es conocer las interacciones entre los pescadores artesanales y el pulpo maya en un contexto de variabilidad climática y gobernanza, desde la percepción de los pescadores. Para ello se siguió una investigación de tipo mixto, transversal. Para obtener información se utilizaron métodos y técnicas como las entrevistas semiestructuradas, observación participante y la conversación informal. Las variables de investigación se generaron en campo en una fase exploratoria, posteriormente se aproximaron a sus respectivas variables de segundo nivel y componentes del marco de análisis de los sistemas socioecológicos para configurar el instrumento de investigación. Con dicha estructura metodológica se profundizó y conocieron interacciones clave de la pesquería entre el sistema social y ecológico. Con base en la percepción de los pescadores, se identificaron factores físicos del clima, biológicos del pulpo maya y regulatorios de la pesquería que han influido de manera muy importante en las decisiones de captura. Se concluyó que las respuestas de los diversos actores del sistema de pesca del pulpo Maya, si bien cuentan con algún tipo de gobierno que les permite resolver problemas y necesidades en el corto plazo; en el largo plazo la actividad se ve comprometida para las futuras generaciones de pescadores.
... The cross-checking process aims at bolstering validity of the findings, providing a nuanced and multifaceted understanding of the entrepreneurial decision-making processes. The consistent integration of secondary data ensures a comprehensive understanding of each team's entrepreneurial journey beyond the interview narratives, serving the purpose of data triangulation (Flick, 2004). The methodology design guarantees transparency, credibility, and a robust approach to addressing potential biases associated with the researcher's dual role. ...
Purpose: The paper seeks to explore how team dynamics influence students’ decisions to either pursue or abandon a business idea following their participation in an experiential entrepreneurship course. Design/Methodology: The paper employs an inductive, qualitative approach to examine the team dynamics by exploring students’ thought processes and actions regarding entrepreneurial activities as a socially situated phenomenon. 20 semi-structured interviews, observation and secondary data serve as data base, following the Gioia method for data analysis. Findings: Findings show that team dynamics have proven to be the most relevant factor for students’ decision on whether to continue with an entrepreneurial project or not. Among various factors, reasons are rooted in the team membership decreasing uncertainty, students’ decision dependencies on team members and the increased importance placed on the team relative to the idea. Research Limitations/Implications: The study concentrates on team-related aspects in students’ decision- making. While the factors have been examined in the study, other determinants may contribute to students’ decisions which are outside the scope of the study. The study offers a set of causalities that offer a nuanced understanding of team dynamics and decision-making processes over an extended post-course timeframe. Originality/Value: The study contributes to the current literature by unraveling the intricate relationship between team dynamics and entrepreneurial decision-making. It offers a nuanced perspective on the understanding of how collaborative contexts shape students’ willingness to pursue projects beyond the entrepreneurship classroom.
... 26,32 Investigator triangulation was practised throughout the analysis process with regular team meetings to discuss researcher perspectives. [33][34][35] These meetings facilitated a comprehensive understanding of the data, and ensured key themes, prevailing patterns, and deviant cases were captured. 33 Participants were not asked to provide feedback on the findings, nor were transcripts returned to them for comment because of the evolving nature of the explored phenomenon. ...
Background
Interest in the role of employability in student–dietitian transitions is increasing. However, little is known about the cross‐cultural transition‐to‐work experience of Australian‐trained dietetic graduates of international backgrounds, as well as strategies to optimise work‐readiness. The present study aimed to explore graduates’ career narratives and identify employability capitals that enabled successful transitions to work.
Methods
A qualitative interpretive approach was employed via a cultural lens. Eighteen participants from five Asian countries who had graduated from an Australian university within 3–15 years, with work experience in Australia or in their respective home countries, took part in in‐depth interviews. Thematic analysis was performed, guided by the graduate capitals based approach.
Results
Transition‐to‐work was dynamic and non‐linear; four themes and 12 subthemes identified: (1) upon graduation, participants felt ambivalent about their decision to either stay in Australia or return home, influenced by graduate visa restrictions, and individual perceptions of their ability to mobilise cultural strengths to gain employment; (2) to get a foot in the door, participants demonstrated resilience, embraced uncertainty and utilised social networks to increase employment opportunities in Australia and their home countries; (3) regardless of which country they worked, graduates reported struggling with their cross‐cultural identities in the workplace; and (4) eventually, these graduates appreciated their ethnic capital, thrived in their work and extended a helping hand to their junior cross‐cultural dietitians.
Conclusions
Initiatives facilitating connections to the host country and supporting cultural and ethnic capital development, along with ongoing research reviewing employability capital applications, will benefit cross‐cultural dietetic graduates and the communities they potentially will serve.
... To ensure reliability, we implemented data triangulation (Flick, 2004). Shared experiences gathered from group interviews, observations, and compiled documents were treated as complementary data sources. ...
Design education embodies distinctive pedagogical practices rooted in experiential learning, frequent interactions between students and instructors, reflective dialogues through project deliverables, and enculturation through activities and encounters facilitated by a physical studio setting. Contrasting the traditional lecture-based format, the design studio fosters a dynamic, participatory environment, making technology-mediated instructional delivery methods more rare and experimental than widely adopted. However, the COVID-19 pandemic forced a sudden shift to emergency remote teaching, which prompted a critical re-evaluation of both conventional and unconventional teaching methods, thereby leading to a reconsideration of traditional pedagogical approaches. This paper outlines common technology-enhanced approaches in design studios and advocates for blended learning as an effective mode of delivery. Multiple case study methodology was employed to elicit collective experiences, practices and future expectations of studio instructor teams from 12 architecture, design and planning departments across six universities. Findings of the thematic analysis are presented utilising Khan’s octagonal framework. The themes are synthesised in an integrative model to aid instructors in planning and implementing blended design studios, and recommendations are made for delivering blended learning experiences. The distinctive contribution of this study is its effort to develop an inclusive, comprehensive, and overarching model that resonates across various studio-based fields.
... La ricerca con metodi misti utilizza sempre la triangolazione. Retrieved from Flick, U. (2004). Triangulation in qualitative research. ...
La presente ricerca adotta un approccio olistico che comprende la raccolta e l’analisi di dati quantitativi e qualitativi al fine di valutare il contributo della ricerca scientifica
nell’innovazione dei processi di policy making dell’ente locale analizzando l'esperienza del City Science Office di Reggio Emilia sviluppata dal 2021 al 2024.
Data la soggettività di ogni relazione ricerca scientifica-ente locale legata alla specificità
del contesto locale, e la continua evoluzione del paradigma dei processi di policy making,
la ricerca combina le metodologie di valutazione di impatto e analisi di casi-studio multipli come approcci per un adeguato sguardo critico al caso di City Science Office Reggio Emilia
nonché per una comparazione dello stesso con altre esperienze Europee.
... Christensen (2014) indicated that pragmatic researchers appreciate all types of realities and their interactions, so the focus was not on generalising or theories but hinged on deduction from data collected. The researcher's role in this type of paradigm was active, since perception is not a passive constructive process of production (Flick, 2004;Grix, 2004). Real life experiences of the researcher included previous experience as a student, followed by eight years of experience as a lecturer. ...
Perceptions of employability in academia are largely shaped by influences and personal experiences. As a substantial amount of a student's university life is curriculum-based, the issue of whether the university is the ideal place to prepare students for employability is worth examining. This research investigated employability perceptions of an undergraduate science department, along with the influences and approaches taken by the University to address employability. The research questions aimed to determine perceptions of employability by students, graduates, and lecturers, and current strategies being used by the University to improve perceptions of employability. This study applied the pragmatic approach and a mixed-methods design through the use of questionnaires and semi-structured interviews. Qualitative data was analysed using the following themes: perceptions, influences, strategies, and outlook, while wuantitative data was analysed using chi-squared analysis. The results demonstrated that robust methods for enhancing employability should be implemented to produce a more skilled or equipped workforce, such as providing opportunities for internship, networking, and short-courses. Further research was recommended to investigate perceptions of employability at other University departments to gain a more holistic understanding of the issues and employ best methods and practices that would benefit all graduates. Such a study would also contribute to greater understanding of the evolving role of universities in enhancing employability.
This qualitative study explores Information and Communication Technology (ICT) competencies among teachers in Colombia, based on the guidelines set by the Ministry of National Education. It investigates how these skills are perceived and applied in the current educational context, highlighting their importance for the professional development of educators. Using an interpretive approach, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 53 teachers from various educational levels, intentionally selected for their participation in ICT training programs. ATLAS.ti was used to code and categorize the data, enabling a detailed analysis. The findings reveal that these skills, including basic competencies and digital content creation, are essential for effectively integrating technologies into pedagogical practices. Educators recognize the importance of information management, digital communication and collaboration, as well as innovation in teaching. However, they face challenges such as the digital divide and the need for ongoing training. The research underscores the alignment of emerging competencies with those established by the Ministry of National Education, emphasizing the importance of a comprehensive approach to teacher training. It concludes that strengthening these skills is crucial to improving educational practices and preparing students for the challenges of the 21st century.
Market studies is a newly emerging field dedicated to understanding the origins, core concepts, theories and methods currently being used and developed to examine markets in the making. Providing a unique overview that introduces, positions and develops this highly fertile area of research, Market Studies is the first book to consolidate its themes, tools and methods in a single, comprehensive volume. Topics covered include: market organization and design; performativity in and around markets; valuation; market places and spaces; methods that may be utilized in studying markets; the field's relation to adjacent disciplines; the future of markets. Deploying a sensitivity for the socio-material constitution of markets, the authors put market practices at the centre of inquiry and offer insights into the future and potential impact of market studies research. The contemporary, practical and interdisciplinary approach is strengthened by multiple examples of original empirical research into markets.
Market studies is a newly emerging field dedicated to understanding the origins, core concepts, theories and methods currently being used and developed to examine markets in the making. Providing a unique overview that introduces, positions and develops this highly fertile area of research, Market Studies is the first book to consolidate its themes, tools and methods in a single, comprehensive volume. Topics covered include: market organization and design; performativity in and around markets; valuation; market places and spaces; methods that may be utilized in studying markets; the field's relation to adjacent disciplines; the future of markets. Deploying a sensitivity for the socio-material constitution of markets, the authors put market practices at the centre of inquiry and offer insights into the future and potential impact of market studies research. The contemporary, practical and interdisciplinary approach is strengthened by multiple examples of original empirical research into markets.
Global efforts to solve the climate crisis are forcing companies to decarbonize their operations, realign their business models with the low-carbon paradigm, and contribute to net-zero objectives. Despite the urgency and scale of this transition, particularly in B2B, we lack a focused understanding of the low-carbon business models that companies could harness to create value for their customers and make a profit while decarbonizing their value chains. Extant studies on sustainable and circular business models provide some guidance, but research integrating value creation and business model conceptualizations into low-carbon settings and decarbonization is scarce. Therefore, we develop a typology of low-carbon business models. By reviewing 143 peer-reviewed articles and 49 industry reports and policy documents, we conceptualize 10 low-carbon business model types that enable companies to propose, create, and capture value stemming from internal decarbonization, downstream decarbonization, or decarbonization facilitation within the value chain. Our study contributes to the B2B and sustainable business and value creation literature by developing a typology of low-carbon business models along with a definition, conceptual model, and research agenda. The findings can help companies harness low-carbon business and assist scholars and policymakers in proposing business models that can mitigate climate change.
Purpose
There is an urgent call for transitioning towards a circular economy (CE) in housing. Pivotal to this transition is implementing business models aligned with CE principles, such as the ones informed by the product-service system (PSS). However, incorporating the PSS into housing to realize a CE faces significant challenges within an industry characterized by systemic rigidity and institutional inertia. This study investigates the barriers faced in deploying the PSS and its CE potential in housing.
Design/methodology/approach
The authors conducted 15 semi-structured interviews with stakeholders experienced in the deployment of PSS and CE in housing projects. Analysis used deductive coding, guided by institutional theory’s regulative, normative and cultural-cognitive pillars, followed by inductive coding development.
Findings
Twelve key barriers emerged across three pillars, underlying the significance of not only regulative but also normative and cultural-cognitive barriers. The findings indicate that the current institutional environment impedes the establishment of legitimacy for the deployment of PSS and its CE potential in housing.
Practical implications
Following the findings, a diversified institutional support system enabled by the collaborative effort of the government, managing and financing actors and industry associations is required to overcome deployment barriers.
Originality/value
This study advances knowledge at the intersection of housing and circular business model innovation. It connects theory to practice by applying institutional theory to real-world barriers in deploying the PSS for a CE in housing and lays the groundwork for practical changes.
This study aims to unveil teacher candidates' progress in lesson planning using the Lesson Study (LS) approach. Through action research, lesson plans generated by teacher candidates underwent content analysis and subsequent interviews. The findings revealed that collaborative work among social studies teacher candidates led to more feasible and content-rich lesson plans. The study underscores the efficacy of collaborative work in producing more viable and content-rich lesson plans. These outcomes underscore the potential of LS Teams to contribute to the professional growth of teacher candidates and deepen their understanding of their field.
Este estudo investigou o impacto do teatro como ferramenta pedagógica no desenvolvimento de habilidades sociais e criativas em alunos do ensino fundamental e médio no contexto educacional brasileiro. Utilizando uma abordagem mista, que combinou métodos qualitativos (observação participante e entrevistas semiestruturadas) e quantitativos (questionários pré e pós-intervenção), a pesquisa envolveu 150 alunos de três escolas públicas ao longo de um ano letivo. Os resultados revelaram um aumento significativo nas habilidades sociais dos participantes, com melhorias notáveis na comunicação interpessoal, empatia e trabalho em equipe. A criatividade dos alunos também apresentou um incremento substancial, manifestado através de maior fluência de ideias e disposição para assumir riscos criativos. Além disso, observou-se um impacto positivo no desempenho acadêmico geral, com um aumento médio de 18% nas notas após a implementação das atividades teatrais. Desafios como limitações de tempo e espaço, necessidade de formação específica para professores e resistência inicial de alguns alunos foram identificados. O estudo conclui que o teatro é uma ferramenta pedagógica poderosa para o desenvolvimento integral dos alunos, corroborando teorias existentes e oferecendo novas perspectivas sobre sua aplicação prática. Estes achados têm implicações significativas para políticas educacionais, sugerindo a necessidade de uma maior integração das práticas teatrais no currículo escolar e destacando o potencial do teatro na formação de indivíduos mais preparados para os desafios do século XXI.
Family firms (FFs) are characterized by their unique emphasis on specific beliefs and values (BaV). Although literature acknowledges the significance of BaV for firm behavior and management decisions, little is known about their religious and secular sources. Following secularization theory and post-secular society, the impact of religion in developed societies such as the DACH region (Germany, Austria, Switzerland) remains ambiguous, challenged by both secularization and religious revival. We address this research gap by exploring the religious and secular sources of BaV through FFs’ dialogue capacity. Our qualitative-empirical study builds on semi-structured interviews with 21 large FFs from the DACH region, covering mostly family CEOs, and secondary data. Using an inductive approach, we identify FFs where religion remains significant, even as their dialogue capacity undergoes transformation. Secularization necessitates that religious sources to adapt to the secular business context. Thus, our findings do not conform to the open dialogue claimed by post-secular society. Additionally, the proposed dichotomous separation into a religious sphere and a secular sphere does not correspond to the actual landscape of FFs. Instead, three different shades of FFs emerge, which demonstrate unique dynamics in their dialogue capacity. This paper provides novel in-depth insights on BaV in FFs and is among the first empirical studies on secularization and post-secular society from a business perspective. Furthermore, it contributes a process model of FFs’ dialogue capacity and proposes avenues for further research.
People with disabilities are defined as people who show functional difficulties along with the obstacles present from the social environment so as to limit their participation in society. This research aims to provide insight for policy makers, practitioners, and organizations that care about the rights of workers with disabilities in developing and improving existing regulations and policies. This study uses a comparative legal research method that compares existing regulations in Germany, Canada, Australia, Japan, and the United States with existing regulations in Indonesia through a statutory law research approach and a conceptual approach. The novelty in this writing is to conduct a comparative study of the rights of workers with disabilities from 4 continents, especially with 6 different countries to create ideal regulatory and policy concepts that can be implemented in Indonesia. However, Indonesia itself has created a Disability Vocational Training Center (PPVD) which aims to empower disabled workers to welcome an inclusive Indonesia.
This study, by employing the social constructionist framework, sought to investigate conflict over the African elephant (Loxodonta africana) in Masoka Ward in the mid-Zambezi Valley, northern Zimbabwe, by analysing the meanings assigned to the species by stakeholders with diverse elephant management goals. A qualitative case study was employed to obtain an in-depth understanding of the social constructions of the African elephant. Data were collected through semi-structured face-to-face interviews with 25 purposively selected heads of households from the five villages in the ward, interviews with key informants as well as document analysis. Qualitative data were inductively and thematically analysed. The results showed that elephants were socially constructed as agricultural pests, a threat to human safety and a source of protein by agro-pastoralists; as endangered species by the conservation authorities; and as a valuable resource by all stakeholder groups. These social constructions were driven by different beliefs, shared experiences and competing interests of the diverse stakeholders regarding the management of elephants. It is recommended that wildlife managers investigate social groups’ competing social constructions of elephants and implement them in conflict mitigation processes.
Purpose
A significant autism employment gap persists in many countries. This study examines how the traditional job interview might form an obstacle to autistic people obtaining employment. It then offers a range of strategies that could make the traditional job interview more effective in allowing employers to identify and hire those who have an “autism advantage”.
Design/methodology/approach
A triangulated, qualitative approach is employed, comprising (1) five focus groups with a total of 23 students at a UK university who identity as autistic, and (2) semi-structured interviews with five of their support practitioners. Thematic analysis was then applied to identify causes, effects and possible solutions.
Findings
The analysis identified three main strategies, and two sub-strategies, for refining the traditional job interview by reducing or removing the obstacle it presents to autistic people seeking employment. These comprise abandoning the traditional interview, adapting it (divided in to adjusting and augmenting sub-strategies) and accepting it.
Originality/value
Three conclusions were developed from the analysis: first, that while the traditional interview tends to be biased against autistic people, it is not in itself a particularly acute method for selecting job candidates; second, that the application of universal design would be beneficial not only to neurodivergent people, but also to neurotypicals and employers; third, that the fear of disclosure represents a major obstacle to autistic people trusting in schemes intended to assist them.
Institutional factors such as data standardization, data interoperability, and the ability to include other stakeholders (e.g., civil society) in ecosystems are now understood as crucial considerations in Open Government Data (OGD) implementation. However, most of the current understanding of institutional factors linked to OGD growth has evolved around highly digitalized and developed countries. This study aims to address this gap by investigating open data implementation in Indonesia, a developing country that has been an early advocate of OGD in the "Asia Pacific". In 2014, Indonesia implemented Satu Data Indonesia (One Data Indonesia) as a national initiative to promote OGD objectives. We employ institutional dimensions as the central theoretical lens to unpack the successes and impediments to Satu Data Indonesia’s development. This research dataset is built on 16 expert interviews from government (n = 14) and private (n = 2) organizations that directly contribute to the growth of Satu Data Indonesia, qualitatively triangulated with documentary analysis of key policy and regulatory documents. These new data provide important insights into the complexity and challenges of nationwide OGD implementation and data-sharing. Our findings show that despite its being an early advocate, Indonesia’s OGD initiative is still in the early stages of development, impeded by several policy and administrative bottlenecks.
Colombia y Venezuela comparten una frontera terrestre de 2.219 km, a lo largo de
la cual hay 7 puntos de control migratorios oficiales o formales, y numerosos pasos
fronterizos informales conocidos como “trochas”. La “porosidad” territorial de esta
región fronteriza desborda la territorialidad jurídica, inscrita en el principio de soberanía nacional. Una compleja actividad económica y la conflictividad social, asociada a grupos armados del conflicto colombiano y a delincuencia organizada dan cuenta de la dinámica fronteriza. Es en esta compleja dinámica fronteriza donde
hay que contextualizar el aumento de la llegada de refugiados y migrantes venezolanos a Colombia desde 2015 como resultado de la crisis en Venezuela. Es importante resaltar que el 48% de las personas migrantes son mujeres, muchas de ellas en riesgo de prostitución, violencia y explotación sexual. Algunas mujeres y niñas venezolanas se han visto obligadas a ejercer la prostitución como medio para atender sus necesidades económicas y la de sus familias. En este informe se presentan los resultados de la investigación realizada en esta frontera con el fin de conocer y comprender el fenómeno de la migración de mujeres venezolanas en situación de prostitución y las dinámicas sociales y de salud en las cuales se enmarca esta situación, desde un enfoque integrado de género y derechos humanos, con perspectiva interseccional. La investigación se concentró en la ciudad de Cúcuta, porque por ella circula más del 50% de la población venezolana que migra hacia Colombia.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.