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Research Article
Lagunas et al., J Tourism Res Hospitality 2013, 2:2
http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2324-8807.1000114
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Journal of Tourism
Research & Hospitality
Analysis of the Room Supply
in the Hotel Zone of Cancun,
Mexico: EMU 9
Sergio Lagunas Puls1, Ricardo Sonda de la Rosa2, Miguel
Angel Olivares Urbina1 and Natascha Tamara Post3*
Abstract
The area known as the Hotel Zone of Cancun, sun and beach
destination located in the State of Quintana Roo and considered
to be of the highest importance to Mexico, is the central focal point
of this article. It starts with a description of the behavior of tourism
and its inuence on the generation of public resources through
tax collection. It then outlines regulation and legislation relating to
the maximum amount permitted by the number of rooms at the
Environmental Management Unit (EMU-9)* which includes the hotel
zone. The central analysis is based on census results obtained in
the month of November 2011. The main ndings were grouped into
the three main operation types: All Inclusive, European Plan and
Mixed Plan. Criteria are formulated by scales according to the area
in square meters, including frequencies with the type of operation,
grouped by number of bathrooms and beds.
*Environmental Management Unit (EMU-9) = Unidad de Gestión
Ambiental (UGA-9)
The conclusions demonstrate the need to establish policies and
clear boundaries to avoid an uncertain future for the most important
sun and beach destination of the Mexican Caribbean.
Keywords
Tourist offer; Hotel rooms; Room offer description; Cancun México
*Corresponding author: Sergio Lagunas Puls, Departamento de Economía
y Negocios, Universidad del Caribe, México, Tel: +52 (998) 8814400 (1265);
E-mail: slagunas@ucaribe.edu.mx
Received: October 30, 2012 Accepted: January 24, 2013 Published: February
01, 2013
in Mexico as well as in all developing countries [2,3] as it generates
signicant resources to enable the poorest to benet [4].
e sector with greater signicance in economic activity in the
State of Quintana Roo, during the years 2003 to 2009 corresponds
to temporary accommodation, food and beverages preparation with
18% [5]. Previous studies [6], in which the variable of occupied rooms
was integrated, concluded that there is a high correlation with the tax
collection, around the 0.87 regarding lodging tax and around the 0.92
on payroll tax, revealing that tourism as a generator of resources is of
high impact in Quintana Roo, since 90% of all tax revenues depend
on the lodging tax and payroll tax. Acknowledging the Hotel Zone
as a generator of economic resources and considering the strong
correlation with the occupied rooms, the need for the development
of this work becomes evident, integrating a descriptive analysis,
providing basic elements to be integrated into planning and specic
regulation strategies, adapting guidelines in a destination created in
1972 that seems to be reaching maturity level and pressing conditions
of the territory.
Behavior of the Tourist Area
General evolution of room oer
e tourist zone had its birth in 1972 and forms part of a State
with territorial space and privileged natural wealth [7]. When in 1976
only 2,023 rooms were registered, the number of registered rooms in
1989 was 15,310. For the year 1999 their number was 24,610 and in
2008 their total amount was 28,214 [8] which then included the Hotel
Zone, Puerto Morelos and the city center. is shows that during the
Decade of the eighties a steady growth was maintained. However,
despite the existence of data corresponding to the tourist center
altogether even before the census carried out by the Universidad del
Caribe [9], no information was available on the particular area with
greater tourist signicance called the Zona Hotelera or Hotel Zone,
located in the Environmental Management Unit (EMU-9). is is
the reason why the behavior described below corresponds to the total
recorded in the Hotel Zone, Puerto Morelos, marina and city centre.
According to the 5th Federal Government Report [5], on average,
18% of the Gross Domestic Product of Quintana Roo originates
from the industry of temporary accommodation, food and beverage
preparation (related to tourism). However, comparison between the
recorded GDP in 2003 and 2009 shows a decline in the proportion of
this sector of the economy, from the 21.82% to 16.56%.
e chart 1 demonstrates that the sector related to tourism,
decreased by the growth of other sectors which has been studied
previously in both Latin American as well as European cities [10]. In
Quintana Roo, the growths of the construction industry and business
support services are specic cases that reect the representativeness
of tourism for economic development and the generation of public
resources. e World Tourism Organization [4] is convinced that
tourism can be used as an important force in reducing poverty and
protecting the environment, since it confers an economic value
to the cultural heritage, creates employment and produces income
Introduction
Cancun is framed in the municipality of Benito Juárez, Quintana
Roo State, Mexico. It includes the area known as the Hotel Zone, the
marina called Puerto Cancun, Puerto Morelos and the center of the
city with the surrounding areas of Cancun. According to tourism
indicators from the Quintana Roo Secretary of Tourism [1], the
number of rooms in this state in 1999 was 44,025 from 542 hotels. For
the close of 2010 gures were 885 hotels and 81,702 rooms. In other
words, in a little more than ten years the number of hotels increased
approximately 63% and, with regard to the number of rooms, there
was an increase close to 86%. For the year 2009 an economic overow
of $ 2,358 million was recorded and by the end of 2010 it had reached
the amount of $ 2,780 million dollars, indicating that despite a strong
increase in the oer of hotels and rooms, the economic overow did
not behave in a similar way. Tourism is undoubtedly substantive
Citation: Puls SL, de la Rosa RS, Olivares Urbina MA, Post NT (2013) Analysis of the Room Supply in the Hotel Zone of Cancun, Mexico: EMU 9. J Tourism
Res Hospitality 2:2.
• Page 2 of 8 •
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2324-8807.1000114
Volume 2 • Issue 2 • 1000114
in foreign currency. Spanish studies point out that tourism and
hostel and catering sectors generate signicant employment [11].
Nonetheless, the creation of employment and the generation of
income is not always equitable, neither on province or state level
nor in the municipalities. e ocial information relating to the tax
revenues for the years 2000 to 2009, in regards to the State of Quintana
Roo, distinguish a marked dierence in some municipalities. For
example, in the case of payroll tax, the levy corresponding to the
resort of Cancun, municipality of Benito Juarez, represents 62.09%
of the payroll tax (Chart 2) and 57.70% in the case of the lodging tax
(Chart 3). It is important to mention that, although the municipality
of Solidaridad is second in importance, its tax collection represents
less than half of the collection originated in Cancun.
When analyzing closely related variables such as the registration
of visitors, the years 1999 to 2010 do not reect growth. On the
contrary, the number of visitors registered decreased from 2,818, 000
people in 1999, to a little more than 2,510, 000 visitors registered in
the year 2010, representing a drop of 11 per cent. ere also exists a
decrease with regard to the percentage of occupation during the years
1999 to 2010, starting with a registration of 73.43%, but dropping to
only 43.90% [1].
Regulation and decree
Urban policies play an important role, both in the United States
and in Europe, for the development of a destination that’s on a quest
of achieving an internationally attractive position [10]. In Mexico,
Territorial Ecological Regulation Programs, commonly known by the
abbreviation of POET and sustained by the General Law of Ecological
Balance and Protection of Environment [12], constitute legislation
in environmental matters which is used as a guideline in plans and
development programs at municipal level. One of the rst programs
of this type corresponded to the tourist corridor from Cancun to
Tulum, including the Nichupté Lagoon system, established in the
year 1994.
On 28th September, 2001 an agreement for the elaboration of a
new ecological decree for the Benito Juarez municipality (including
the tourist center of Cancun) was signed. In the year 2002 a technical
committee was installed, responsible for formulating and issuing the
program. is nal document, dated February 10, 2005, includes
conversion factors or equivalencies for some types of units of tourist
occupation within the general approach CG-08.
at same document also included the criteria of ecological
regulation for the protection, preservation, restoration and
sustainable use of natural resources within the population centers of
the township, validated through public consultations, thus repealing
the previous regulations.
43 Environmental Management Units (EMUs) were established
from this previous document with 22 dierent land uses, with their
criteria and applicable conversion factors described in the ocial
document.
In addition there is the Urban Development Program
(municipality of Benito Juarez, 2005) which states that the total
number of rooms in the Hotel Zone of Cancun UGA 9 is 30,900
quarters.
Due to the importance and the established limits, it was by
jurisdiction and interest that the Federal Attorney for Environment
0
20000
40000
60000
80000
100000
120000
140000
160000
180000
1234567
Years 2003 2004 2005 2006 2007 2008 2009
GDP 98,484. 111,901 126,568 140,695 157,364 168,303 163,386
Tourist GDP 21,485. 23,695. 22,956. 21 ,553. 28,002. 30,047. 27,053.
Millions of pesos
Comparison of Gross Domesc Product
(State GDP / GDP related to tourism)
Source: own elaboration with data from 5th Federal Government Report
Chart 1: Comparison of Gross Domestic Product (State GDP/GDP related
to tourism).
0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00% 70.00%
Othón P. Blanco
Benito Juárez
Cozumel
Isla Mujeres
Felipe Carrillo Puerto
José María Morelos
Lázaro Cárdenas
Solidaridad
Othón P.
Blanco
Benito
Juárez Cozumel Isla Mujeres
Felipe
Carrillo
Puerto
José María
Morelos
Lázaro
Cárdenas Solidaridad
% Participatión 14.49% 62.09% 5.19% 0.57% 0.27% 0.06% 0.08% 17.24%
Source: own elaboration with data from the Secretariat of Finance of
Quintana Roo
Chart 2: Tax collection of Payroll tax.
0.00% 10.00% 20.00% 30.00% 40.00% 50.00% 60.00%
Othón P. Blanco
Benito Juárez
Cozumel
Isla Mujeres
Felipe Carrillo Puerto
José María Morelos
Lázaro Cárdenas
Solidaridad
Othón P.
Blanco
Benito
Juárez Cozumel Isla Mujeres
Felipe
Carrillo
Puerto
José María
Morelos
Lázaro
Cárdenas Solidaridad
% Participatión 0.98% 57.70% 4.53% 1.03% 0.03% 0.01% 0.11% 35.61%
Source: own elaboration with data from the Secretariat of Finance of
Quintana Roo
Chart 3: Tax collection on Lodging Tax.
Citation: Puls SL, de la Rosa RS, Olivares Urbina MA, Post NT (2013) Analysis of the Room Supply in the Hotel Zone of Cancun, Mexico: EMU 9. J Tourism
Res Hospitality 2:2.
• Page 3 of 8 •
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2324-8807.1000114
Volume 2 • Issue 2 • 1000114
Protection (Profepa) and the Secretariat of Environment and Natural
Resources (Semarnat) considered it necessary to carry out a physical
count that would grant elements for the formulation of programs and
for future development plans and thus requested the Universidad del
Caribe to realize a census to the EMU-9 elements.
Development of the Analysis
Methodology applied to the census
Since a census is the collection of data from each of the members
of a population of interest [13], the decision was made to gather
information for the whole of the hotel rooms, condominiums and
single-family tourist residences of EMU 9, using a format containing
information on elements such as location, type of operation, meal
plan, dimension, surface, restrooms and beds (Figure 1).
It was especially important to obtain data corresponding to the
surface in square meters, number of bathrooms, number and type
of beds, categorizing the information of the hotels in three types:
European Plan, All Inclusive and Mixed Plan.
Maps were prepared; dividing the area of interest in 20 zones. To
each zone a team of 3 people was assigned, consisting of previously
recruited students of the degree in sustainable tourism and hotel
management all selected and trained in the use of the format and in
the use of equipment such as digital measuring tapes, digital cameras
and reference maps.
e leader of the census, Mtro. Ricardo Sonda de la Rosa,
research professor in the eld of tourism, rst performed a tryout for
the adjustment of procedures and handling of the equipment.
Information regarding the units of condominium (in operation,
in development, under construction) and houses were also included
in the count, in separately identied information, registering visits,
data collection and lling out of the ocial formats with date, time
and signature of a representative of the property and the verier.
Source: Universidad del Caribe
CLAVE
ZONA:
Fecha y hora:
Hotel
( )
Tiempo
compardo
( )
Mixto
( )
Condominio
( )
Villas
( )
Modalidad:
Todo
incluido
Censados Censados Censados Censados Censados Cens ados
Regis tro
fotográfico
Regis tro
fotográfico
Regis tro
fotográfico
Regis tro
fotográfico
Regis tro
fotográfico
Regis tro
fotográfico
CAMAS CAMAS CAMAS CAMAS CAMAS CAMAS
M M M M M M
Q Q Q Q Q Q
K K K K K K
BAÑOS BAÑOS BAÑOS BAÑOS BAÑOS BAÑOS
ÁREA ÁREA ÁREA ÁREA ÁREA ÁREA
OTROS OTROS OTROS OTROS OTROS OTROS
Actual
Nombre del inmueble:
Nombre del responsable:
Ubicación para
georeferenciación:
Proyecto Construcción
Cédula de llenado CONCENTRADO
Razón Social
Nombre del verificador:
Operación y categoría:
CUARTO T6
Número de pisos :
Otro
TOTAL ESPACIOS CENSADOS
Tipo Europeo
CUARTO T5CUARTO T3 CUARTO T4CUARTO T2
Dirección:
CUARTO T1
Figure 1: Information form.
Citation: Puls SL, de la Rosa RS, Olivares Urbina MA, Post NT (2013) Analysis of the Room Supply in the Hotel Zone of Cancun, Mexico: EMU 9. J Tourism
Res Hospitality 2:2.
• Page 4 of 8 •
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2324-8807.1000114
Volume 2 • Issue 2 • 1000114
A recount of a random 10% of the registered facilities was done
for validation purposes.
For the processing of the data obtained, rstly a format was
developed followed by the recruitment, selection and training of data-
entry operators to create the database.
Descriptive analysis of hotel rooms
e hub to set the analysis parameter consisted of planned
methods to obtain data, to organize them, to summarize them to be
analyzed and to manifest the ndings of the Census [14]. For this
reason, the information obtained and concentrated in a database, was
subdivided by the type of operation, grouping it by meal plan: Mixed,
European Plan and All Inclusive. e criteria for the number of beds
of the tourist oer of the EMU 9 was established by categorizing each
unit according to the number of beds, starting with one, two,..., nine
beds and a last group of ten or more beds, summing up to a total
of 22,843 hotel rooms of which 87.99% consists of one or two beds.
Number of beds per
room
(category)
Mixed European Plan All Inclusive Total
Percentage frequency Cumulative percentage
frequency
Number of rooms
One 1,403 2,091 5,378 8,872 38.84% 38.84%
Two 1,915 3,024 6,289 11,228 49.15% 87.99%
Three 167 254 819 1,240 5.43% 93.42%
Four 32 232 221 485 2.12% 95.54%
Five 16 526 63 605 2.65% 98.19%
Six - 208 - 208 0.91% 99.10%
Seven - 198 - 198 0.87% 99.97%
Eight - 4 - 4 0.02% 99.99%
Nine - - - - 0.00% 99.99%
Ten or more 1 2 - 3 0.01% 100.00%
---------- ------------
22,843 100.00%
Source: own elaboration with data from the census carried out by the University of Caribbean
Table 1: Descriptive statistics and frequency distribution in rooms by number of bathrooms vs type of operation.
Scales
(category)
Category Mixed EuropeanPlan All Inclusive
Total Percentage
frequency
Cumulative
percentage
frequency
Number of rooms
0 - 33.82 1 1,444 2,089 4,670 8,203 35.91% 35.91%
33.83 - 44.76 2 1,352 1,717 4,658 7,727 33.83% 69.74%
44.77 - 73.89 3 347 954 2,630 3,931 17.21% 86.95%
73.9 – 1,257.65 4 391 1,779 812 2,982 13.05% 100.00%
------- ------------
22,843 100.00%
Source: own elaboration with data from the Universidad del Caribe
Table 2: Descriptive statistics and frequency distribution of the rooms by area in square meters vs type of operation.
Scale per area Meal plan
x
xn
=
∑
2
2
( )
1
x x
Sn
−
=
−
∑
2
2
( )
1
x x
Sn
−
=
−
∑
s
cv x
=
0 - 33.82 Mixed 28.89 17.74 4.21 14.58%
33.83 – 44.76 Mixed 39.07 12.99 3.60 9.22%
44.77 – 73.89 Mixed 54.25 54.96 7.41 13.67%
73.9 – 1257.65 Mixed 134.54 11,852.43 108.87 80.92%
0 - 33.82 EuropeanPlan 28.53 13.08 3.62 12.67%
33.83 – 44.76 EuropeanPlan 36.86 10.97 3.31 8.98%
44.77 – 73.89 EuropeanPlan 59.61 60.04 7.75 13.00%
73.9 – 1257.65 EuropeanPlan 159.40 35,359.72 188.04 118.00%
0 - 33.82 All Inclusive 28.86 11.14 3.34 11.56%
33.83 – 44.76 All Inclusive 37.73 7.59 2.76 7.30%
44.77 – 73.89 All Inclusive 56.47 83.38 9.13 16.17%
73.9 – 1257.65 All Inclusive 137.92 18,122.85 134.62 97.61%
Source: own elaboration with data from the Universidad del Caribe
Table 3: Average and dispersion measures in the rooms by square meters area and type of operation.
Citation: Puls SL, de la Rosa RS, Olivares Urbina MA, Post NT (2013) Analysis of the Room Supply in the Hotel Zone of Cancun, Mexico: EMU 9. J Tourism
Res Hospitality 2:2.
• Page 5 of 8 •
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2324-8807.1000114
Volume 2 • Issue 2 • 1000114
e oer of rooms with three beds or more is still incipient. e total
supply of hotel beds was 42,709 (Table 1).
e information of the rooms categorized by area in square
meters was another important element. erefore all registered units
were measured, discarding the administrative or commercial areas of
each hotel or condominium. In other words, the essential element was
the result obtained by the digital measuring tapes with laser beam.
In order to set criteria for scales that were eective and easy to use,
and in which all rooms were included, the information was grouped
into four categories. e rst scale started from 0 with its limit to the
rst quartile. e second to the fourth scale were .01 more than the
previous scale limit, up to the last quartile (Table 2).
Statistical estimates of arithmetic mean, variance, standard
deviation and coecient of variation were performed to establish the
variability of the areas of the rooms, categorized in each of the scales
(Table 3).
e number of baths established in 22,843 hotel rooms was
particularly important for the purpose of providing an important
input to establish requirements or limits of health services, drinking
Number of bathrooms Category
20,697.50 up to 1.5
4,218.50 up to 2.5
235.00 up to 3.5
41.00 more than 3.5
-------------
25,192.00
Source: own elaboration with data from the Universidad del Caribe
Table 4: Number of rooms by number of bathrooms.
Scale
Category
according to the
surface
Mixed EuropeanPlan All Inclusive Total Percentage
frequency
Cumulative
percentage
frequency
Number of rooms
Up to 33.82m21 1,444 2,089 4,670 8,203 32.56% 32.56%
Up to 44.76m22 1,352 1,717 4,664 7,733 30.70% 63.26%
Up to 73.89m23 446 1,027 3,306 4,778 18.97% 82.22%
Up to 1,257.65m24 581 2,993 905 4,478 17.78% 100.00%
----------- ------------
25,192 100.00%
Source: own elaboration with data from the Universidad del Caribe
Table 5: Descriptive statistics and frequency distribution of the rooms according to the area in square meters.
Number of condominium rooms Number of beds in each room Percentage frequency Cumulative percentage frequency
461 One 16.02% 16.02%
833 Two 28.95% 44.98%
1,145 Three 39.80% 84.78%
347 Four 12.06% 96.84%
78 Five 2.71% 99.55%
13 Six 0.45% 100.00%
- Seven 0.00% 100.00%
- Eight 0.00% 100.00%
- Nine 0.00% 100.00%
- Ten or more 0.00% 100.00%
-------- -----------
2,877 100.00%
Source: own elaboration with data from the Universidad del Caribe
Table 6: Descriptive statistics and frequency distribution of condo rooms by number of beds.
Number of beds
(category)
Mixed European Plan All Inclusive Total Percentage frequency Cumulative percentage
frequency
Number of rooms
One - 461 - 461 16.02% 16.02%
Two 236 494 103 833 28.95% 44.98%
Three 321 824 - 1,145 39.80% 84.78%
Four - 347 - 347 12.06% 96.84%
Five - 78 - 78 2.71% 99.55%
Six - 13 - 13 0.45% 100.00%
Seven - - - - 0.00% 100.00%
Eight - - - - 0.00% 100.00%
Nine - - - - 0.00% 100.00%
Ten or more - - - - 0.00% 100.00%
---------- ------------
2,877 100.00%
Source: own elaboration with data from the Universidad del Caribe
Table 7: Descriptive statistics and frequency distribution of condo rooms by number of bathrooms vs. type of operation.
Citation: Puls SL, de la Rosa RS, Olivares Urbina MA, Post NT (2013) Analysis of the Room Supply in the Hotel Zone of Cancun, Mexico: EMU 9. J Tourism
Res Hospitality 2:2.
• Page 6 of 8 •
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2324-8807.1000114
Volume 2 • Issue 2 • 1000114
Scales
Category
according to
surface
Mixed European Plan All Inclusive Total Percentage
frequency
Cumulative percentage
frequency
Number of rooms
0.00– 120.00 1 243 1,204 103 1,550 53.88% 53.88%
120.01 - 207.03 2 178 526 - 704 24.47% 78.35%
207.04 – 350.00 3 104 321 - 425 14.77% 93.12%
350.01 – 1,490.21 4 32 166 - 198 6.88% 100.00%
------ ------------
2,877 100.00%
Source: own elaboration with data from the Universidad del Caribe
Table 8: Descriptive statistics and frequency distribution of condo rooms by area in square meters vs. type of operation.
Scale per surface
x
xn
=
∑
2
2
( )
1
x x
Sn
−
=
−
∑
2
2
( )
1
x x
Sn
−
=
−
∑
s
cv x
=
0 – 120.00 77.61 753.08 27.44 35.36%
120.01 – 207.03 169.50 485.26 22.03 13.00%
207.04 – 350.00 289.43 2,091.36 45.73 15.80%
350.01 – 1490.21 522.63 47,221.60 217.31 41.58%
Source: own elaboration with data from the Universidad del Caribe
Table 9: Average and dispersion measures in the condominiums by area in square meters and type of operation.
water, drainage and sewerage. Due to the existence of half bathrooms
in several rooms, it was decided to establish categories of 1 bath up
to 1.5, up to 2.5, up to 3.5 bathrooms and more than 3.5 bathrooms
(Table 4).
Because of the impact of the bathrooms, a specic analysis of the
number of these was also added. ey were grouped with two cross-
categories, the surface scale and the operation category (Table 5).
Statistical analysis of condominiums
In the analysis of the condominiums, as was the case in the
analysis of the hotels, it was of special interest to know the frequency,
using tables that would clearly reect the number of values in each
variable [13].
Number of bathrooms in condominium rooms Categories
1,566.50 hasta 1.5
610.00 hasta 2.5
1,983.00 hasta 3.5
2,006.50 más de 3.5
------------
6,166.50
Source: own elaboration with data from the Universidad del Caribe
Table 10: Number of bathrooms in condominium rooms.
Scales
Category
according to
surface
Mixed European Plan All Inclusive Total Percentage
frequency
Cumulative
percentage
frequency
Number of rooms
Up to 120.00 m21 243 1,390 103 1,736 28.15% 28.15%
Up to 207.03 m22 634 1,549 - 2,183 35.40% 63.55%
Up to 350.00 m23 386 1,124 - 1,510 24.49% 88.04%
Up to 1,490.21m24 113 625 - 738 11.96% 100.00%
----------- ------------
6,166 100.00%
Source: own elaboration with data from the Universidad del Caribe
Table 11: Descriptive statistics and distribution of the number of bathrooms in condominium rooms vs. type of operation.
According to the census report, despite not being properly
constituted as a hotel, the total number of rooms in condominium
was 2,877, some serving food and beverages (all inclusive), others
serving breakfast (European Plan) and others representing a Mixed
Plan.
e number of rooms with mixed service was 557, or 19%. e
number of rooms with European plan was 2,217 representing 77%.
Finally the total number of condominium rooms with what can be
considered a form of all inclusive was 103 with 4%. e total supply
of condominium beds was 7,418 (Table 6).
In order to present analyses corresponding to the statistics of hotels
information as shown below, the number of rooms was analyzed, using
the beds and the operation category as a basis (Table 7).
Citation: Puls SL, de la Rosa RS, Olivares Urbina MA, Post NT (2013) Analysis of the Room Supply in the Hotel Zone of Cancun, Mexico: EMU 9. J Tourism
Res Hospitality 2:2.
• Page 7 of 8 •
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2324-8807.1000114
Volume 2 • Issue 2 • 1000114
e condominium rooms were measured in square meters, again
not including the administrative and commercial areas, as was the
case with the hotel rooms.
In this case there were 4 dierent scales as well. And the limits
of the scales were the same as with the hotel rooms, the rst scale
starting from 0 with its limit to the rst quartile, the second to the
fourth scale starting with .01 more than the previous scale limit, up to
the last quartile (Table 8).
e evaluation of the scale criteria by surface in square meters
was explained through statistical means, variance, standard deviation
and coecient of variation as shown in Table 9.
Finally, the numbers of bathrooms was analyzed and, as was the
case in the hotel rooms, it was decided to establish categories of 1 bath
up to 1.5, up to 2.5, up to 3.5 bathrooms and more than 3.5 bathrooms
(Tables 10 and 11).
Conclusions and Recommendations
Aer evaluating the criteria through surface scales it can be said
that the oer of hotel and condominium rooms does not have a
specic standard, making the lack of criteria that has prevailed in the
tourist destination evident.
It is clear that the oer of rooms in Cancun is mostly represented
by the type of operation known as All Inclusive, representing 56% of
the total number of the hotel rooms (Chart 4).
is situation is worthy of a more in-depth research as, according
to state tax laws, these hotels calculate the tax considering only the
amount corresponding to lodging as taxable income. is has only
two conditions; services must be identied in accounting and can in
no case be less than 50% of the total amount of services included in
this system [15].
Obviously, even condominium rooms presented data showing
a commercial use and not just a single-family use (Chart 5).
Categorization was therefore necessary in a manner similar to the
hotels. Verication by the authorities and regulation of the operation
-
500
1,000
1,500
2,000
2,500
3,000
3,500
4,000
4,500
5,000
0 to 33.82 m2 33.81 to 44.76 m2 44.76 to 73.89 m2 73.98 to 1,257.65
m2
MIXED 1,444 1,352 34 7 391
EUROPEAN PLAN 2,089 1,717 954 1,779
ALL INCLUSIVE 4,670 4,658 2,630 81 2
Number of rooms
HOTELS
Number of rooms per surface category and Meal Plan
Chart 4: Hotels: Number of rooms per surface category and Meal Plan.
-
200
400
600
800
1,000
1,200
1,400
0 to 120 m2 120.01 to 207.03
m2
207.04 to 350 m2 350 to 1,490.21
m2
MIXED 243 178 104 32
EUROPEAN PLAN 1,204 52 6 321 166
ALL INCLUSIVE 103 - - -
Number of rooms
CONDOMINIUMS
Number of rooms per surface category and Meal Plan
Chart 5: Condominiums: Number of rooms per surface category and Meal
Plan.
Motel Conversion Factor
Junior suite 1
Suite 1.5
Apartment 2
Studio 2
Studio 2
Simple camper 2
Clinic room 2
Rustic cabin 2
Residential housing 2
Tourist Residences 2.5
Source: own elaboration with data from the Local Ecological Program of Benito
Juarez Municipality
Table 12: Conversion Factors.
Denomination Counted
Figures
Applicable
Factor Total
Rooms 16,304 1 16,304.00
Jr. Suites 2,959 1.5 4,438.50
Other 3,580 2 7,160.00
-------------
Total in hotels 27,902.50
Source: own elaboration
Table 13: Number of rooms when applying conversion factor.
Concept Counted Units Converted Units
Hotel rooms 22,843.00 27,902.50
Condominium rooms 2,877.00 5,754.00
Single-family houses 991.00 2,478.00
Rooms under construction 784.00 784.00
Jr. Suites under construction 158.00 237.00
Suites, etc. under construction 184.00 368.00
Condominiums under construction 208.00 416.00
-------------- --------------
28,045.00 37,939.50
Source: own elaboration
Table 14: Number of built units or units in process of construction when applying
conversion factor.
Citation: Puls SL, de la Rosa RS, Olivares Urbina MA, Post NT (2013) Analysis of the Room Supply in the Hotel Zone of Cancun, Mexico: EMU 9. J Tourism
Res Hospitality 2:2.
• Page 8 of 8 •
doi:http://dx.doi.org/10.4172/2324-8807.1000114
Volume 2 • Issue 2 • 1000114
in the supply of this type of rooms is recommended. Not correcting
this makes it possible for the government to stop collecting taxes that
are generated by commercial operations.
When considering a hotel room or its variants, it is essential
to analyze the laws and regulations regarding the concepts and
limitations, as the Urban Development Program of the Cancun
Population Center establishes that the maximum number of rooms
for the Hotel Zone (EMU9) cannot exceed 30,990. ere are,
however, two dierently marked criteria by which conversions to
the specic number can be established. On the one hand the Urban
Development Plan 1993 and its update in the year 2005, argued that
every unit is considered equivalent to a hotel room. e POEL for the
Benito Juarez Municipality on the other hand indicates that certain
dimensions are required for a room to be considered a hotel room.
However, as a result of a coordination act from November 2005, the
criterion agreed upon is to consider every unit equivalent to a hotel
room. Meanwhile, the Local Ecological Program of Benito Juarez
[16], dened a hotel room as an accommodation intended for nightly
rental which areas oer the guest sanitary services, a bedroom area
tted for 2 people, storage for luggage and a sitting area. Areas for the
preparation or storage of food and beverages are not included. e
quantication of the total tourist rooms includes those rooms needed
for service personnel without increasing the total number. e POEL
does establish conversion standards, as shown in Table 12.
According to information gleaned from the census, the obtained
data is integrated for hotel rooms that will have a conversion of 1 on
1, but there are also dierent denominations, specically Jr. Suites,
Suites, Master Suites, Presidential Suites, Honeymoon Suites, Studios,
Imperial Suites, Governor Suites, Ambassador Suites, Penthouse and
Villas. Because many of these types are not explicitly in POEL, for
this document all those categories that are dierent to the rooms are
considered subject to conversion; for junior suites the factor was 1 to
1.5 and all the counted spaces that were not directly identied with
rooms or junior suites were subject to a conversion factor of 1 to 2.
e conclusion with these criteria is that, when from the original
census the number of hotel rooms obtained is 22,843 total, the data
obtained when applying the conversion factors is shown in Table 13.
e conversion factor for the 2.877 condominium rooms was
estimated to be 1 to 2, resulting in a total of 5.754 rooms. When added
to the amount of hotel rooms with conversion factor, the total sums
up to 33.656 rooms. Additionally it was revealed that the number of
residential houses is 991. Aer applying a conversion factor of 1 to 2.5,
this resulted in a total of 2.478. e nal total of rooms aer applying
the conversion factors is 34.648, making it clear that, according to the
criteria established by POEL, the buildings existing at the time of the
census clearly exceed the maximum limit of 30.900 as established in
2005. It is worth taking into consideration that, besides the obvious
surpassing of the maximum limit, there are units that are currently
under construction which will evidently increase the outcome as
shown in Table 14.
e above calculations indicate that permits and licenses granted
by the various departments need to be veried and registered with
updated data.
Finally we can conclude that, based on the analyzed statistics,
new research articles can be integrated that provide continuity to the
behavior of tourism being an example of goodness-of-t measurement
and adjustment including skewness and kurtosis coecients [17],
thus establishing whether the conduct of the oer may be considered
normal or not through more specic statistical tests [18].
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Author Afliations Top
1Department of Economics and Business, Universidad del Caribe, México
2Department of Sustainable Tourism, Hotel Management and Gastronomy,
Universidad del Caribe, México
3Department of Economics and Administrative Sciences, Universidad de
Quintana Roo, México
