First insights on Tuber borchii distribution in both natural forests and experimental truffle fields in Portugal

Abstract

Among the most valuable ectomycorrhizal fungi belonging to Tuber spp., Tuber borchii, is becoming an increasingly popular fungus in the marketplace. Thanks to a good adaptation to multiple environments, T. borchii is also cultivated, in both native and non endemic areas. As all symbiotic species, this fungus can improve mineral nutrition and stress-tolerance of the host plant. The scientific relevance of T. borchii as a model species for studying plant-fungus symbioses is also recognized. Mating type (MAT) genes governing the sexual reproduction (i.e. fructification) have been recently identified unveiling that this is a heterothallic fungus (Martin et al 2012 European Patent EP2426215). Our data show that, at least in experimental truffle grounds, T. borchii ECMs of different mating type can coexist under the same host-plant. This pattern, if supported by further data, distinguishes this species from the valuable black truffle T. melanosporum, where a biased distribution of the two mating types on single host plants was evidenced, suggesting intraspecific competition (Rubini et al. 2011; Murat et al. 2013). It could be very interesting to investigate whether or not such a dissimilarity in the strain dynamics of the two species might be at the basis of their very different ecological requirements and pattern of geographic distribution.

Full text

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