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Association between Facebook addiction, self-esteem and life satisfaction: A cross-sectional study
... Integrating the IUIPC model with behavioral constructs such salience, tolerance, and conflict [10] [13]. Salience refers to the significance of social media within an individual's life, tolerance is used to describe a user's level of acceptance towards the negative aspects of social media user, and conflict refers to the excessive use of social media causing conflicts. ...
... Prior research examines social media addiction through psychological and behavioral lenses, notably salience, tolerance, and conflict. Derived from addiction literature [11] [13], these factors are used to understand user engagement via the IUIPC model's constructs: collection, control, and awareness. Therefore, the hypotheses are as follows: ...
... The data collection was conducted through an online questionnaire with a 6-point Likert scale developed using Google Forms. The questionnaire was divided into sections: demographics (age, gender, education, occupation), behavioral and psychological constructs (salience, tolerance, mood modification, withdrawal, conflict) [13], IUIPC components, social media trust [12] risk perception [15], and social media engagement [16]. The questionnaire was pretested with a small group for clarity, and reliability was confirmed with Cronbach's Alpha, with all constructs exceeding 0.70. ...
In the current digital era, where social media has become an integral part of Generation Z's lives, shaping, and defining their digital experience, it has been found that social media is starting to be abandoned by Gen Z. Prior studies have predominantly focused on the aspects of social media usage of a broader demographic, often overlooking the factors influencing Generation Z's social media engagement. Therefore, this study aims to discover essential factors, with a novel framework incorporating the Internet Users' Information Privacy Concerns (IUIPC) model with behavioral factors, while adding 'Perceived Risk' and consequential variables such as 'Social Media Trust,' and 'Social Media Engagement.' The study proposed a quantitative method approach and the snowball sampling method, collected from a questionnaire-base survey, distributed to 889 Generation Z participants across Indonesia, ensuring a diverse representation across various backgrounds. Combined with a variety of tools, such as Google Forms and SmartPLS, was employed to dissect the complex interplay of factors influencing social media engagement among this demographic. Findings have shed light on the complex interplay between privacy concerns, trust, and risk perception, ultimately influencing the critical decision to engage in social media. The findings offer pivotal insights for social media platforms and policymakers, suggesting that by enhancing user trust and mitigating risks over personal can reduce the inclination to disengage from social media platforms. This research contributes to the disclosure of digital privacy and social media usage, creating a path for future investigations to explore the nuanced dynamics of Generation Z's online engagement
... It is important to note that depression appears to show signs in adolescence and young adulthood (McCrae et al., 2017;Shin et al., 2022). Recent evidence suggests that depressive symptoms in university students are associated with excessive social media use (Arikan et al., 2022;Busalim et al., 2019), leading to poor academic performance (Lepp et al., 2013), problematic social relations (Marttila et al., 2021) and low quality of life (Blachnio et al., 2016). This is particularly alarming because online media consumption, such as Internet surfing, social media usage and online gaming, has drastically increased in the youth population over the past decade (Boer et al., 2021). ...
... According to self-determination theory, an individual's behavior differs from true self-esteem to CSE (Deci and Ryan, 1995). True self-esteem does not depend on external causes, such as an individual's comments or expectations (Blachnio et al., 2016), while CSE is less stable and largely depends on external standards to judge one's worth (Roberts et al., 2014). Given the weak cognitive power of individuals during a depressive state, it is likely that they will associate their self-worth with outside forces. ...
... The literature suggests that individuals whose self-worth is sensitive to the evaluations of important others tend to excessively indulge in harmful drugs, reckless sex and impulsive shopping (Brook et al., 2015;Guerrero-Vaca et al., 2019;Hassan et al., 2011;Zafar et al., 2019), behaviors that are closely related to compulsiveness (Mestre-Bach et al., 2017;Unger et al., 2018;Venkatesh et al., 2019). FNE is high for individuals with low self-confidence in social interactions (Blachnio et al., 2016); they may be more likely to rely on virtual sources to raise their self-worth (Lee et al., 2014) because it is hard for these individuals to express themselves in person. As a result, they may prefer online communication for their social interactions. ...
Purpose
Given the limited literature on depression as a contributing factor to compulsive social media use, the present research examines the role of perceived depressive mood (PDM) in developing compulsive social media use behavior. The authors also identify and hypothesize channels such as contingent self-esteem (CSE), social interaction anxiety (SIA) and fear of negative evaluation (FNE), which may explain how PDM affects compulsive social media use.
Design/methodology/approach
The research model was empirically tested with a survey of 367 Chinese university students using structural equation modeling by drawing on the escape and self-presentation lenses.
Findings
The findings indicate that PDM contributes to compulsive social media use behavior both directly and indirectly through CSE. Furthermore, the impact of CSE on compulsive social media use is mediated by the FNE, whereas SIA fails to mediate this effect.
Practical implications
The results can advance the authors’ knowledge of the role and process by which depressive mood impacts compulsive social media use. These findings may add insights into psychological treatment and help in, for example, developing counseling programs or coping strategies for depressed people to protect them from using social media excessively.
Originality/value
This research identifies the pathway mechanism between PDM and compulsive use of social media. It also increases the understanding of how CSE and social interaction deficiencies contribute to compulsive social media usage (CSMU).
... Prior literature suggests that symptoms of problematic internet use may be due to co-occuring problems [74] -individuals with problematic internet use tend to have other psychiatric disorders [57]. Past research has associated problematic internet or Facebook use with depression [52], lower happiness [14], worse academic performance [53], greater loneliness [82], and reduced relationship and life satisfaction [11,32], though null results have also been reported [9]. Problematic internet behaviors may also arise from other individual differences. ...
... However, other studies showed a higher prevalence of problematic internet use among men [18,30,100]. Other work found no significant relation between gender and problematic internet use [11,80,88]. ...
While many people use social network sites to connect with friends and family, some feel that their use is problematic, seriously affecting their sleep, work, or life. Pairing a survey of 20,000 Facebook users measuring perceptions of problematic use with behavioral and demographic data, we examined Facebook activities associated with problematic use as well as the kinds of people most likely to experience it. People who feel their use is problematic are more likely to be younger, male, and going through a major life event such as a breakup. They spend more time on the platform, particularly at night, and spend proportionally more time looking at profiles and less time browsing their News Feeds. They also message their friends more frequently. While they are more likely to respond to notifications, they are also more likely to deactivate their accounts, perhaps in an effort to better manage their time. Further, they are more likely to have seen content about social media or phone addiction. Notably, people reporting problematic use rate the site as more valuable to them, highlighting the complex relationship between technology use and well-being. A better understanding of problematic Facebook use can inform the design of context-appropriate and supportive tools to help people become more in control.
... The general goal was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the Polish version of the Social Media Escapism Scale, taking into account the factor structure and the level of reliability and validity (study 1). The next goal (study 2), based on previous research (Awad et al., 2022;Liverant et al., 2011;Neufeind et al., 2009), first was to assess the associations of escapism with FoMO and Facebook addiction (Atroszko et al., 2018;Błachnio et al., 2016;Kırcaburun & Griffiths, 2019). Second, we hypothesized positive associations between Escapism, FoMO (H1a), and Facebook addiction (H1b), as well as negative associations with demographics, assuming that Escapism would contribute to neglecting responsibilities and social relationships (H1c) (Jouhki & Oksanen, 2022;Stenseng et al., 2021). ...
... At the same time, the problematic use of social media is indicated as a factor in increased stress (Fabris et al., 2020). Thus, it seems reasonable to assume that excessive, addictive media use, staying up to date with what is going on with friends, and escaping into the online world shows a positive association with mental health deterioration, which is consistent with the consensus in the literature (Atroszko et al., 2018;Błachnio et al., 2016;Elhai et al., 2016;Hunt et al., 2018;Satici, 2019). The contribution of this study to existing knowledge is to show that this effect is partly mediated by trying to suppress thoughts and experiencing thought intrusions. ...
Research indicates that social media use can lead to addiction, fear of missing out, higher stress levels, anxiety, and experiencing symptoms typical of depression. The purpose of the present study was to conduct a Polish adaptation of the Social Media Escapism Scale and to assess its associations with fear of missing out, Facebook addiction , thought suppression, and the experience of stress, anxiety, and symptoms typical of depression. Two studies were conducted, the first adaptive and the second testing associations. The first study included 383 participants aged 18 to 63 (M = 23.51; SD = 5.7). To adapt the scale, the following were used: the Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale, the fear of missing out Scale, and the demographic questionnaire. The second study included 417 participants aged 18 to 60 (M = 26.33; SD = 9.7). The study tested relationships using the same three scales used in the first study, and also Depression, Anxiety, Stress Scale, and the White Bear Suppression Scale. The Polish version of the Social Media Escapism Scale revealed a univariate structure with strong internal Data Availability Statement included at the end of the article consistency (α = .91). The adapted scale was associated with fear of missing out and Facebook addiction. In study 2, the structural equation modeling analyses revealed that fear of missing out, Facebook addiction and escapism were positively related to thought suppression and the experience of anxiety, stress, and depression symptoms. In addition , thought suppression partially mediated the relationship between harmful media use and anxiety, stress, and depression. Furthermore, the findings reveal a positive correlation between escapism and several psychological constructs, including fear of missing out, Facebook addiction, as well as aspects of depression and suppression, thereby lending support to the convergent validity of the adapted measure under investigation. The results can be used in psychological intervention and developing support and treatment programs for social network addiction.
... This study aimed to investigate the relationships between ChatGPT use and three key psychological outcomes: psychological well-being and self-esteem. Previous research suggested that technology use can impact psychological outcomes (Błachnio et al., 2016;Zhuo et al., 2023). However, little is known about how interacting with ChatGPT speci cally can affect users' psychological well-being and self-esteem. ...
... In the context of ChatGPT, users' perception of the technology is in uenced by their experiences with it. Previous research suggests that users' perception of technology can impact their attitudes and behavior towards technology (Błachnio et al., 2016). Therefore, it is hypothesized that user perception of ChatGPT has a positive relationship with psychological well-being and self-esteem. ...
Artificial Intelligence (AI) technology has revolutionized how we interact with information and entertainment, with ChatGPT, a language model developed by OpenAI, one of its prominent applications. However, there is limited knowledge of the psychological impact of interacting with ChatGPT. This study investigates the relationships between trust in ChatGPT, user perception of ChatGPT, stereotype perception of ChatGPT, and two psychological outcomes: psychological well-being and self-esteem. The study hypothesizes that trust in ChatGPT, user perception of ChatGPT, and stereotype perception of ChatGPT have a positive direct relationship with self-esteem. Additionally, the study proposes that the relationship between trust in ChatGPT, user perception of ChatGPT, and psychological well-being is moderated by job anxiety. Using a survey design, data are collected from 732 participants and analyzed using SEM and SmartPLS analysis. The results indicated that stereotype perception of ChatGPT significantly predicts self-esteem, while user perception of ChatGPT and trust in ChatGPT have a positive direct relationship with self-esteem. The study also found that job anxiety moderates the relationship between user perception of ChatGPT and psychological well-being. The study provided important insights into the psychological effects of interacting with AI technology and highlighted the role of job anxiety in moderating these effects. These findings have implications for developing and using AI technology in various fields, such as mental health and human-robot interactions.
... employed a cross-lagged analysis and revealed that online social networks, particularly Facebook and Instagram, significantly impact subjective well-being, being influenced by factors such as loneliness and harmful social comparisons. Also, the excessive use of social networks has been linked to decreased social skills and a difficult ability to recognize facial emotions (Błachnio et al., 2016). Aimed at correlating offline and online networks, this issue has been investigated with MRI scans and found that both real-world social network size and number of Facebook friends were significantly associated with amygdala volume. ...
... Low self-esteem and Facebook addiction has been evidenced in many a study (Baturay and Toker, 2017). The above levels of self-esteem are either positively or negatively correlated with Facebook addiction such as where the students' self-esteem is low, that in turn is equivalent to Facebook addiction or where one can say that low self-esteem and Facebook dependency are intertwined (Błachnio et al. , (2016). Kim and Koh (2018) tried to seek the correlation between quantitative research using statistics and low self-esteem due to Facebook addiction. ...
The aim of this quantitative research was to examine the impact of Facebook addiction on EFL students' self-esteem and course learning at the higher education level. Facebook addiction, EFL students' self-esteem, and course learning are pressing issues at higher education institutions. University students face significant challenges due to various factors that negatively affect their self-esteem and course learning, with Facebook addiction being a particularly influential factor that has been largely unexplored. This study focuses on EFL students from the Department of Education at two public sector general universities in Karachi, Sindh, Pakistan. Data were collected through a survey-based questionnaire using systematic random sampling, resulting in a usable sample size of n = 337 respondents. The data were analyzed using SPSS v.22, and Smart PLS 4 was employed for Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM). Initially, the measurement model was established, followed by hypothesis testing. The findings reveal that Facebook addiction has a significant and negative impact on EFL students' self-esteem, as well as on their course learning at the higher education level. These results highlight the detrimental effects of excessive Facebook use on students' academic performance and psychological well-being. Limitations and directions for future research are also discussed.
... The prevalence of FBA among female college students was also found to be 51.0% in Vietnam (Hồ, 2024), 27.9% in Egypt (Alenezi et al., 2023) and 52.29% in Bangladesh (Ripon et al., 2022). FBA negatively impacts mental health among college students by increasing psychological distress (PD) (Bonfanti et al., 2022;Ho, 2021aHo, , 2023aHo, , and 2023bMassar et al., 2020;Satici et al., 2021) and reducing life satisfaction (LS) (Błachnio et al., 2016;Hawi & Samaha, 2017;Satici & Uysal, 2015). ...
There is still a lack of research investigating the association between Facebook addiction and mental health (psychological distress and life satisfaction) among female college students, as well as the factors that may explain this association. This study aimed to examine whether Facebook addiction affects the mental health of female college students and whether resilience mediates this relationship. A cross-sectional study was conducted with Vietnamese female college students who use Facebook, with a sample of 987 participants (mean age = 19.99, SD = 1.405) from two universities in Vietnam. The results indicated that 81% of the participants are at risk of Facebook addiction, and resilience was found to mediate the association between Facebook addiction and mental health (β = 0.02, CI = [0.005; 0.042] and β = -0.046, CI = [-0.078; -0.018]). These findings provide further understanding of the pathways through which Facebook addiction impacts mental health among female college students. More importantly, the results suggest that measures to improve mental health in this population should focus on reducing Facebook addiction and enhancing resilience.
... This excessive use of social media is characterized by addictive behaviour, leading to psychological dependence and detrimental effects on both individuals and society (Caplan, 2005;Fagbola et al., 2022;Tonioni et al., 2012). More specifically, the overuse of social media has been linked to poor job performance (Kuss et al., 2014;Xanidis & Brignell, 2016), social relationships that are less balanced (Fox & Moreland, 2015;Müller et al., 2016), sleep disruptions (Koc, 2013), poor levels of happiness in life (Błachnio et al., 2016;Hawi & Samaha, 2017), and shared emotional states including jealousy, fear and depression (Elphinston, 2011;Pantic, 2014). ...
This study investigates how loneliness and self-regulation affect social media addiction in young people in developing nations, as well as how this addiction impacts their personal family life and jobs. Purposive and snowball sampling methods were used to gather data from 514 respondents using a structured questionnaire. Structural equation modelling was used to analyze the theories of addiction. The multivariate statistical analysis indicates that social media addiction is positively influenced by loneliness and self-regulation. Moreover, loneliness is a contributing factor to the development of social media addiction, while self-regulation affects personal and family conflicts, as well as academic or professional performance. Additionally, the personal and family conflicts that arise from social media addiction have a significant impact on academic or professional performance. The study has twofold implications. It expands addiction theories by integrating aspects of self-regulation and loneliness, thereby contributing to its theoretical implications. Essentially, the results assist policymakers in formulating plans to reduce social media addiction and harness the potential of young people for the progress of the nation.
... People in academia, schools, and parents have been talking about how SMU will affect AP for a while now. A few studies (Ashraf et al., 2021;Błachnio et al., 2016;DeGroot et al., 2015;Fardouly et al., 2015.) have found a negative link between the two, while others have found mixed or no evidence. College students can easily get to SM sites. ...
This study looks at how high school students (14–18 years old) use social media and how that affects their mental health and how well they do in school. With data from 329 participants, this study uses a quantitative way to look at the complicated effects of using social media. The structured survey tool that was used to gather information had sections on how people use social media, signs of mental health, and ways to measure academic success. In contrast, active engagement on social media, such as interacting with peers and posting content, appears to build social support networks, thereby potentially enhancing self-esteem and reducing loneliness. However, excessive social media use, irrespective of the type, is linked to disrupted sleep patterns, which adversely affect both well-being and academic performance. In terms of academic outcomes, the study found that while some students benefit from the educational resources and peer support available on social media, others experience significant distractions leading to procrastination and lower academic achievement. The type of social media platform and individual usage habits are critical factors influencing these outcomes. This research highlights the need for balanced social media use among adolescents and underscores the role of parents, educators, and policymakers in promoting responsible usage. By recognizing the dual-edged nature of social media, stakeholders can better support adolescents in leveraging its benefits while minimizing its potential harms.
... In China, SMA has become such a great public concern that the Cyberspace Administration of China released guidelines limiting screen time for adolescents less than 18 years old. Although SMA is not currently classified as a clinical disorder, it is a clear concern for counselors because of its strong association with psychological distress (Błachnio et al., 2016;Hussain et al., 2020), mental health disorders (e.g., depression, anxiety, attention deficit and hyperactivity disorder, and obsessive compulsive disorders; Hussain & Griffiths, 2018), and poor developmental outcomes for adolescents such as lower selfworth, interpersonal problems, and low academic achievement (Boer et al., 2020;Wartberg et al., 2020). As Xuan and Amat (2020) asserted in their systematic review, "counsellors as well as mental health workers have to equip relevant knowledge in social media addiction to provide the most effective services to young people with social media addiction." ...
Informed by the interaction of person-affect-cognition-execution (I-PACE) theory, the present studies examined the association between peer rejection, peer popularity, and social media addiction (SMA) at both between-person and within-person levels. Two distinct processes, the fear-driven/compensation-seeking process and the reward-driven process were explored. In Study 1, using a cross-sectional sample of high school students (N = 318), both processes were supported via different cognitive mediators. Support for the fear-driven/compensation-seeking process was demonstrated by finding that avoidance expectancy was a significant cognitive mediator between peer-nominated rejection and SMA. In turn, the reward-driven process was supported by the significant mediation of reward expectancy between peer-nominated popularity and SMA. In Study 2, using ecological momentary assessment with college students (N = 54), we found the fear-driven/compensation-seeking process partially supported through both between-person and within-person mediations. Specifically, negative affect and social media craving were two affective mediators that linked peer rejection and addictive social media use behaviors. On the other hand, the reward-driven process was predominantly supported by within-person mediations, in which positive affect and social media craving were found to be mediators of the relationship between peer popularity and addictive social media use behaviors. The results underscore that adolescents experiencing rejection tend to use social media to avoid negative feelings and compensate for interpersonal deficits, while adolescents experiencing popularity tend to use social media to maintain positive feelings and gain social rewards. Implications for the assessment, case formulation, and treatment of SMA in counseling practice are discussed.
... These results align with similar findings in previous studies, which also indicated that there was no significant correlation between SMA and gender. [44][45][46][47] It is crucial to note that some other research has identified gender as an influential factor in social media addiction. 48 This suggests that the effect of gender on social media usage may vary across different cultures, emphasizing the need for deeper cultural studies specific to each region. ...
Background: The using of social media platforms has increased dramatically in recent years, particularly among young people and teenagers. Objective: To determine social media prevalence addiction among high school students in Iraqi Kurdistan region. Methods: a cross-sectional design was conducted, involving 384 high school students who were interviewed directly to collect data on various aspects, such as socio-demographic data, social media usage history, and addiction to these platforms. The Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale (BSMA) was employed as the instrument for measuring addiction levels. The analysis of the collected data was adopted using SPSS, version 23. Results: The majority (78.2%) of students utilized multiple social media platforms. A significant proportion (68.8%) of students reported social media usage at bedtime. Approximately 17.4% of high school students had social media addiction. There was a significant association between social media addiction and the following factors: age ≥18 years (p=0.004), using multiple social media platforms (p=0.007), particularly using four or more platforms, and bedtime use of social media (p<0.001). However, gender and grade did not emerge as significant factors in relation to addiction of social media. Conclusions: Social media addiction among a sample of Iraqi high school students is high compare with many other countries. It is notably linked to age, using multiple platforms of social media, and bedtime social media usage. These findings indicate the importance of monitoring the utilization of digital tools. Further studies are required to explore the impact of awareness program and corrective measures.
Key Words:
Addiction, Adolescents, High School, Social media, Students
... Since its invention in 2004, Facebook has become a global phenomenon and the trendiest social networking media worldwide (Błachnio et al. 2016). As a media of communication, Facebook is now the largest social networkin site (Zaffar et al. 2015). ...
Aim
Facebook has become a part of daily life for its users and therefore become a very significant factor of mental health. As the number of Facebook users increases exponentially, the problems related to immense use have become more evident and more frequent. Therefore, the study aimed to explore the impact of Facebook addiction on depression among its users.
Methods
An online-based questionnaire was used to collect data from 269 Facebook users of Bangladesh using convenient sampling technique. Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS) and Patient Health Questionnaire (PHQ-9) scale was used to assess Facebook addiction and its impact on depression.Ordinal logistic was used to extract the significant variables associated with Facebook addiction and depression.
Results
The result categorized the Facebook users into three categories as : normal (17%), problematic user (52%) and addicted (30.5%). Facebook users were suffering from mild (13.4%), minimal (15.6%), moderate (59.5%), and severe (11.5%) level of depression. Both Facebook addiction and depression were moderately correlated (0.701). Ordinal regression showed, gender (95% CI) = 0.859 (0.223,1.495)), age ( (95% CI) = -2.051(-3.789, -0.313)), residential area ( (95% CI) = -0.858(-1.626, -0.09)), occupation ( ), time length of Facebook use ( are the significant predictors of Facebook addiction. Wheras, relationship types and occupation are also responsible for depression.
Conclusion
The study showed large portion of facebook users of Bangladesh are suffering from depression. Authors suggest to arrange mental health campaign to promote bounded and legitimate use of facebook and therefore will accelerate the attaining rate of sustainable development goal related to the Bangladesh’s health status.
... The findings of this study supported a negative relationship between social media addiction and life satisfaction, which is inconsistent with the conclusion of other documented studies that showed a strong positive correlation between life satisfaction and social media addiction, demonstrating that social media addiction positively influences life satisfaction (Zhan et al., 2016;Mohammed, 2020). Other studies showed a negative relationship between social media addiction and life satisfaction, in line with the findings of this study (Satici & Uysal, 2015;Błachnio et al., 2016;Longstreet & Brooks, 2017;Sahin, 2017;Adel Eladl, 2021). These findings align with studies that generally suggest that individuals with social media addiction have lower life satisfaction and well-being. ...
Background: Although research on pharmacy students remains limited, this study is the first of its kind in the field of pharmacy in Turkey and aims to investigate the impact of social media addiction on depression and life satisfaction among pharmacy students. Methods: A cross-sectional, descriptive study of 597 students was conducted between September and October 2023 at the pharmacy faculty of a university in Turkey. Three instruments were used to collect the necessary data: the socio-demographic data form, Social Media Addiction Scale, Penate Basic Depression Scale and Life Satisfaction Scale. All of these were combined into a single questionnaire. Results: A positive but weak yet significant correlation existed between pharmacy students' total Social Media Addiction Scale (SMAS) score and their total Basic Depression Scale (BDS) score. Conversely, a negative but weak yet significant relationship was observed between pharmacy students' total SMAS and Life Satisfaction Scale (LSS) total scores. According to the results of multiple linear regression analysis, social media addiction and life satisfaction were identified as predictors of depression. Conclusion: In developing countries, such as Turkey, there is a lack of sufficient academic literature on this topic. Future research should not only monitor these relationships but also focus on prevention and treatment strategies.
... Faktor selanjutnya yaitu regulasi diri, individu dengan regulasi yang rendah tidak dapat mengendalikan dirinya dan menjadi sensitif terhadap gangguan sekitar, inilah yang menyebabkan bedtime procrastination tersebut terjadi Kroese et al., (2016 Keterampilan self regulation yang rendah memfasilitasi berkembangnya kecanduan terhadap internet, permainan komputer, dan situs jejaring sosial (Błachnio et al., 2016). ...
This study aims to determine the relationship between self regulation and bedtime procrastination in adolescents who play online games in Sawahlunto City. This study uses a quantitative approach with correlational method. The sample selection was 272 teenegers using purposive sampling technique. Bedtime procrastination scale measuring instrument adapted from S.Khairunnisa (2023) with 7 items. Self regulation measuring instrument adapted from Setiawan,B (2022) with 49 items from 3 aspects. Data analysis in this study, using product moment correlation terchniques with the help of SPSS.16 program. The results of this study found that there is a significant relationship between self regulation and bedtime procrastination with a negative direction, meaning that if self regulation is high, then bedtime procrastination is low, in adolescents who play online games in Sawahlunto City and vice versa.
... Simultaneously, although some of its features can provide cognitive-behavioural therapy-based interventions, interactions with social robots or chatbots can disrupt individuals' perceptions, attitudes, and social interactions [50]. Also, the excessive use of social networks has been linked to decreased social skills and a difficult ability to recognise facial emotions [51]. Aimed at correlating offline and online networks, this issue has been investigated with MRI scans and found that both real-world social network size and number of Facebook friends were significantly associated with amygdala volume. ...
In the era of rapid digitalisation, the widespread integration of digital technology into various aspects of daily life has sparked significant interest in understanding its impact on cognitive mental processes. While the emerging data suggests that its influence may be positive or negative, the depth of evidence regarding neurobiological mechanisms remains limited. This review aims to synthesise previously published studies and explore the implications of digital technology components, specifically those resembling mobile technology, internet search engines, and conversational artificial intelligence models, on cognitive functions embedded in the brain’s ability to reorganise itself, known as neuroplasticity. Despite acknowledged limitations, through an exhaustive approach, this paper intends to offer a dynamic perspective on the effects of digital media on the human brain, before the onset of addiction.
... Błachnio et al. (2016) examined the association between Facebook addiction, self-esteem, and life satisfaction. This study found that Facebook addiction was negatively associated with self-esteem and life satisfaction, suggesting that excessive digital possession acquisition may negatively affect self-esteem and life satisfaction. ...
The widespread use of digital devices and social media has led to the acquisition of digital content. However, many people do not realize the potential consequences of digital expansion. This study reviewed 26 studies published between 2013 and 2023 to examine digital hoarding, a behavior characterized by the excessive accumulation of digital data. The study found that emotional attachment, concerns about losing valuable content, and ease of obtaining digital materials are key drivers of digital hoarding. The consequences of digital hoarding include compromised device performance, increased stress and anxiety, and negative impacts on both relationships and work efficiency. This study also identified several potential interventions to effectively manage digital clutter. These include adopting intentional strategies for managing digital content, seeking professional help, and joining support groups. The findings of this study emphasize the need for individuals to be aware of the potential consequences of digital hoarding and adopt intentional strategies for managing digital content.
... Among cross-sectional research, a study of Facebook use revealed that individuals who spend more time on Facebook report greater satisfaction with life [16]. In contrast, Błachnio and colleagues found that people who use Facebook with more intensity report poorer satisfaction with life [17]. ...
Over 70% of Americans use social media platforms, like Instagram. With this high prevalence, researchers have investigated the relationship between social media use and psychological well-being. Extant research has yielded mixed results, however, as most measures of social media use are self-reported and focus on amount of use. Even when studies account for type of social media use, such as active or passive use, there remains much to be captured. To address this, we asked participants to report their satisfaction with life and then recorded their actual Instagram activity for 10 minutes after posting a “selfie” portrait to their account. We coded the observed Instagram activity into the following four clusters of experiences: communications received, communications sent, monitoring self-related content, and exploring other-related content. We found that greater life satisfaction was associated with higher frequency of receiving communications and viewing other-related content. Life satisfaction was not associated with frequency of sending communications and self-monitoring. Surprisingly, none of the clusters of Instagram experiences were negatively associated with life satisfaction. Our findings highlight the importance of objective data and moving beyond the active/passive dichotomy of social media use to consider additional experiences.
... PSNSU is considered a form of behavioral addiction, and some scholars have suggested that it shares some key features with other addictions (e.g., mood modification, salience, tolerance, withdrawal symptoms, conflict and relapse) (Bányai et al., 2017;Hussain and Starcevic, 2020). PSNSU can be defined as a subgroup of problematic internet use among individuals whose SNS use is so uncontrollable that it causes significant harm to their lives and well-being (Andreassen, 2015;Błachnio et al., 2016). Studies have indicated that SNS use may affect people's mental health, e.g., the time spent on SNSs and frequency of SNS use have been shown to increase levels of depression and anxiety (Piteo and Ward, 2020). ...
... Overuse of social media can lead to various adverse consequences, including decreased productivity, heightened anxiety, sleep disturbances, and increased stress [7]. Identifying one's social media behavior and achieving a balance in platform usage is crucial for mitigating these negative effects [8,9]. ...
The excessive use of social media has become a growing concern in the current century, with dependence on these platforms developing into a complex behavioral addiction. Addressing this issue requires the employment of well-directed and inclusive efforts. In pursuit of continuous development in existent strategies, this article presents a non-linear de-terministic mathematical model that encapsulates the dynamics of social media addiction within a population. The proposed model incorporates the fractal-fractional order derivative in the sense of the Caputo operator. The objectives of this research are attained by groping the dynamics of the social media addiction model through the stratification of the population into five compartments: susceptible individuals, exposed individuals, addicted individuals, recovery individuals, and those who have quit using social media. The validity of the devised model is established by proving the existence and uniqueness of the solution within the framework of the fixed-point theory. The Ulam-Hyer's stability is established through nonlinear functional analysis, perturbing the problem with a small factor. Utilizing the Adam Bashforth numerical scheme, we obtain numerical solutions, which we validate through MATLAB simulations. Additionally, we explore the application of artificial neural networks (ANNs) to approximate solutions, presenting a significant innovation in this domain. We propose the adoption of this novel method for solving integral equations that elucidate the dynamics of social media addiction, surpassing traditional numerical methods. Numerical results are illustrated across various fractional orders and fractal dimensions, with comparisons made against integer orders. Our study indicates that ANN outperforms the Adams-Bashforth algorithm, offering a dependable approach to problem-solving. Throughout the article, we underscore the competitive advantage of our proposed strategy, providing a more nuanced understanding of the complex dynamics outlined in the model.
... Moreover, self-esteem could serve as a motivation for individuals to use social media in particular ways. Research exploring the association between social media use and self-esteem indicates that individuals with lower self-esteem often exhibit higher levels of social media activity (Bergagna & Tartaglia, 2018;Błachnio, Przepiorka, & Pantic, 2016;Mann & Blumberg, 2022). However, other studies have also suggested a negative association between self-esteem and PSMU (Andreassen, Pallesen, & Griffiths, 2017;Lee, 2022). ...
Background and aim: Fear of Missing Out (FoMO) is consistently associated with problematic social media use (PSMU). Moreover, previous studies have shown a significant association between FoMO, self-esteem, and social comparison. However, there is a lack of studies that have investigated the relationship between, FoMO, social comparison, self-esteem, and PSMU in an integrated model. The present study hypothesized that FoMO may influence PSMU through the serial mediating role of social comparison and self-esteem. Method: A cross-sectional survey study was conducted comprising 256 Italian university students (74.4% female), aged 18 to 38 years (M = 23.05 years; SD = 3.58). The participants completed an online survey assessing the variables of the study. Results: Controlling for age and gender, the results showed positive associations between FoMO, social comparison , and PSMU, and a negative association between FoMO and self-esteem. Self-esteem was also negatively associated with PSMU. It was also found that social comparison and self-esteem sequentially mediated the association between FoMO and PSMU. Conclusions: The present study contributes to understanding the mechanisms that underline the complex effects of FoMO on PSMU.
... First, the dystopian scenario with respect to actuality: You would stay in the metaverse for increasing periods of time and become decreasingly interested in disconnecting regularly. Such behavior would be consistent with observations of social network site addiction, where addicts 'spend much more time social networking than was initially intended, feeling an urge to social network more and more in order to attain the same level of pleasure' (Andreassen 2015), though it should be stressed that addicts seem to be a minority (Błachnio et al. 2016), and that the literature shows mixed findings on the relationship between time spent on social media and mental health problems (Keles et al. 2020). It would also be consistent with reports about social media platforms prioritizing user engagement-staying on the platform-very highly (see, e.g., Hao 2021; Edelman 2021), 2 This mechanism would increasingly remove you from actuality. ...
In recent years, the metaverse—some form of immersive digital extension of the physical world—has received much attention. As tech companies present their bold visions, scientists and scholars have also turned to metaverse issues, from technological challenges via societal implications to profound philosophical questions. This article contributes to this growing literature by identifying the possibilities of two dystopian metaverse scenarios, namely one based on the experience machine and one based on demoktesis—two concepts from Nozick (Anarchy, State, and Utopia, Basic Books, 1974). These dystopian scenarios are introduced, and the potential for a metaverse to evolve into either of them is explained. The article is concluded with an argument for why the two dystopian scenarios are not strongly wedded to any particular theory of ethics or political philosophy, but constitute a more general contribution.
... However, it is estimated that there were 481,000 COVID-19 deaths between January 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021, while the WHO estimates the number to be ten times higher . [5] The global pandemic of COVID-19 severely disrupted medical education and training in 2020 . Due to national lockdowns [6] and social segregation laws, medical students' training has been signicantly interrupted . ...
Introduction: In the digital age, the proliferation of Over-the-Top (OTT) platforms and social media has reshaped the way adolescents and young adults interact with media and each other. While these platforms offer unprecedented access to information and social connectivity, their impact on mental health, particularly among younger populations, has become a subject of increasing concern. study to assess and learn more abo Objective: ut the relationship between excessive screen time and social media and how it impacts people's mental health. to determine whether there is a trend in the way that people with anxiety and depression utilise OTT platforms and social media. to determine if a certain usage behaviour on social media and over-the-top content can be a sign of poor mental health. of adolescents and young adults during the pandemic. In one of the districts of MP, 259 adolescents and young adults were selected using the systematic random sampling method. An online survey was conducted using an online survey questionnaire to collect the information. and study by using SPSS 25. The correlations between screen time (both gener Result: al and social mediaspecic) and mental health scores are positive but generally weak. This suggests that while there is a trend of higher screen time being associated with higher levels of depression and anxiety, the strength of this relationship is not very strong. Conclusion: Findings of our study indicate that the study concludes that there is a need for a greater understanding of the possible dangers of extended usage of digital media A statistical study showed a favourable relationship between the participants' greater levels of anxiety and depression and their increasing use of social media and over-the-top (OTT) platforms
... (3) The situational and environmental factors have an impact on the level of self-esteem. (4) In previous studies (5,6) , self-esteem was found negatively associated with social media addiction. Some teenagers may experience the benefits from social media for self-identification or interaction with other people. ...
... An excessive dependence on the Internet for self-affirmation can further reinforce the feeling of low self-worth and contribute to the cycle of addictive behaviors (Kuss et al., 2014). Moreover, low self-esteem can also lead to increased susceptibility to negative online experiences such as cyberbullying and social exclusion, which can further exacerbate internet addiction (Błachnio et al., 2013;Yen et al., 2008). Individuals with low selfesteem may be more vulnerable to the negative effects of online interactions and may seek solace in excessive internet use as a coping mechanism (Andreassen et al., 2016). ...
... Again, misleading videos are more viral and influential. [29][30][31][32][33] Social appearance anxiety is a type of social anxiety that is associated with body image perception and is exacerbated by the use of SM, leading to feelings of loneliness, as described by Triada Konstantina Papapanou et al. [34] in their study. Generally, for women the ideal body is lean, while for men it is muscular, and they frequently visit physicians to achieve this through hormonal treatment. ...
Social media (SM) refers to social networking sites (SNSs), which are defined as online services that enable individuals to build a public or semi-public profile and give them the opportunity to create a network of contacts and interact. SM affects all aspects of life and may offer new opportunities to explore new experiences and perspectives of life because of its feasibility. But several times, because of feasibility, misinformation is generated intentionally or unintentionally, which spreads rapidly, and such misinformation can affect all aspects of life. However, health-related misinformation can be life-threatening to individuals. Endocrinology is the branch of medicine that deals with endocrine glands and hormones, which regulates mood, growth, development, metabolism and the way our organ works to maintain internal homeostasis. SM usage and endocrine health impact each other in both positive and negative ways. So, in this review, we will discuss about the effect of SM on Endocrine health.
... 27(3) SETIEMBRE-DICIEMBRE, 2023: 1-18En relación con la edad,Arthanari et al. (2017) yGómez et al. (2017) han evidenciado que jóvenes adolescentes en el rango de los 17 a los 19 años presentan, en mayor medida, este tipo de adicción en comparación a pertenecientes al rango de 12 a 16 años. En contraparte, en el estudio realizado por Lozano-Blasco & Cortés-Pascual (2020), no detectaron diferencias significativas en el nivel de adicción al internet entre distintas edades de participantes.En cuanto a las prácticas de navegación, se identifica una mayor exposición a la pornografía, juegos de azar y ciber agresión, las cuales se vinculan con problemas de tipo emocional y educativo, depresión y consumo de alcohol(Chang et al., 2014;Duarte-Tánoei et al., 2023;Hernández-Peña et al., 2020), a la baja autoestima(Btachnio et al., 2016;Hernández- Peña et al., 2020), al estrés(Moral & Suárez, 2016) y a las autolesiones no suicidas(Duarte-Tánoei et al., 2023).En lo socioeconómico, la bibliografía revela una relación entre el nivel educacional y económico de los padres y las madres con la adicción al internet, en la que, a mayores ingresos y nivel educativo, mayor es el riesgo de padecerla(Lai & Kwan, 2017). A saber, en el ámbito familiar, un factor que se presenta vinculado a la adicción al internet es el escaso vínculo emocional entre sujetos progenitores y sus hijos e hijas(Assunção et al., 2017) y otro, son conflictos constantes (verbales o físicos) entre dichos actores(Zhou et al., 2017). ...
Introducción.
El uso indiscriminado de las tecnologías de la información y la comunicación en la sociedad moderna ha provocado un estado de dependencia hacia los dispositivos tecnológicos y su conectividad a internet, principalmente cuando a actividades de ocio y entretenimiento se refiere.
Objetivos.
Identificar la frecuencia de la adicción a internet y a los videojuegos en bachilleres de México asociando dichas variables con su género, contexto y edad.
Método.
Se trabajó con una muestra incidental de 419 estudiantes con un diseño no experimental, transversal, descriptivo-correlacional. Se utilizó el Cuestionario de adicción a internet y a los videojuegos para adolescentes (CAIVA) de Chahín-Pinzón & Briñez (2018).
Resultados.
Se encontró que el estudiantado presentó niveles bajos tanto en la adicción a los videojuegos como al internet; también que, en el caso de la adicción a los videojuegos, quienes reportaron mayores niveles fueron los hombres; además, que no se advirtieron diferencias en ambos casos entre estudiantes de contextos urbanos y rurales y; finalmente, que existían correlaciones significativas y negativas entre estas variables y la edad.
Conclusiones.
En general, aunque la mayoría de participantes se ubicó en la categoría sin adicción a videojuegos e internet, en caso de presentarse esta tiende a disminuir conforme se avanza en la edad; los hombres son más propensos a adquirir adicción a los videojuegos, mientras que las mujeres al internet. Resulta pertinente ampliar la presente línea de investigación, incorporando otras variables de estudio y otras metodologías que impacten favorablemente en la disminución de este tipo de problemáticas.
... Self-Regulation: Finally, social cognitive theory highlights the value of self-regulation, or an individual's ability to control and monitor their own behaviour. Studies have shown that individuals who involve in self-regulated social media use, such as avoiding emotional triggers and setting time limits are more likely to experience positive mental health outcomes (Błachnio et al., 2016). ...
The COVID-19 changed lives in many ways. Social media had been shown to increase during the pandemic among youngsters. Due to the fear of missing out and staying connected, people started getting addicted to it. Social cognitive theory has been used in the study of social media use, depression, and social connectedness. This theory posits that individuals' attitudes, behaviour, and emotions are shaped by cognitive processes. This study utilizes the same theory to examine how increased social media usage affected youngsters psychologically during the pandemic. Utilizing a survey, a sample has been chosen from the youth of Islamabad using a simple random sampling technique. Findings revealed that youth felt depressed after using social media and the females were affected more than men. However, social media made them feel socially connected to each other. Future studies can analyse the reasons behind this depression and help find ways to tackle it.
... Internet addiction is associated with decreased empathy, which is an important component of social cognition (Tao et al., 2010). Excessive use of social networking sites is associated with decreased social skills and a decreased ability to recognize facial emotions (Błachnio et al., 2016). In addition, symptoms of digital technology and internet addiction can include withdrawal symptoms when the internet is inaccessible (Kuss and Griffiths, 2012). ...
In our modern society, digital devices, social media platforms, and artificial intelligence (AI) tools have become integral components of our daily lives, profoundly intertwined with our daily activities. These technologies have undoubtedly brought convenience, connectivity, and speed, making our lives easier and more efficient. However, their influence on our brain function and cognitive abilities cannot be ignored. This review aims to explore both the positive and negative impacts of these technologies on crucial cognitive functions, including attention, memory, addiction, novelty-seeking and perception, decision-making, and critical thinking, as well as learning abilities. The review also discusses the differential influence of digital technology across different age groups and the unique challenges and benefits experienced by children, adolescents, adults, and the elderly. Strategies to maximize the benefits of the digital world while mitigating its potential drawbacks are also discussed. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the intricate relationship between humans and technology. It underscores the need for further research in this rapidly evolving field and the importance of informed decision-making regarding our digital engagement to support optimal cognitive function and wellbeing in the digital era.
... Algunas investigaciones ya han estudiado cómo el uso de la tecnología afecta psicológicamente a los profesionales (Błachnio et al., 2016;Zhuo et al., 2023). Sin embargo, poco se sabe acerca de cómo la interacción específica con ChatGPT puede afectar el bienestar y a la autoestima de los profesionales con los que, para algunos, 'compite' (Hassan et al., 2023). ...
The exponential growth of ChatGPT, a product of OpenAI, represents a watershed moment in the annals of consumer applications. ChatGPT has emerged as an exceptionally potent and versatile tool, capable of generating content in multiple languages, thereby ushering in an era of AI democratisation.
The ramifications of this expansion have reverberated across the echelons of mass media and within the hallowed domains of digital marketing. The advent of AI applications, adept at producing an array of content elements ranging from advertising copies to visual artistry, has engendered a sense of trepidation among professionals within the digital marketing arena.
The prevailing concerns revolve around the prospective transformation, if not obsolescence, of conventional roles such as copywriters, designers, and content creators.This research undertakes a comprehensive analysis of the biases exhibited by digital marketing professionals vis-a-vis the widespread adoption of AI applications, with specific attention directed towards ChatGPT. Employing a hybrid research paradigm (quantitative online surveys + qualitative in-depth interviews) augmented by the application of the Implicit Association Test, a neuroscientific instrument, this study seeks to discern the nuanced preferences of these professionals. Its principal objective is to discern the intricate web of factors that undergird professionals' perceptual dispositions towards AI tools, particularly in terms of their alignment with or deviation from these tools.
This investigation was executed in Berlin, Germany - a city that has etched its prominence as a citadel of innovation and entrepreneurship. Renowned for its vibrant startup ecosystem and dynamic business milieu, Berlin emerges as an apt crucible for the conduct of this study. The hypotheses propounded in this study pivot upon the axis of job-related anxiety and its salient connections with professionals' perceptions of AI within the purview of digital marketing. The research endeavors to elucidate the following key questions:
Is there a discernible correlation between aversion to ChatGPT and the magnitude of
job-related anxiety experienced by professionals who harbor apprehensions
regarding the escalating automation within the industry?
Can a discernible correlation be identified between age and the depth of aversion to
ChatGPT, thereby postulating that diverse age cohorts may manifest varying
propensities of aversion to this technology?
Is there an identifiable connection between professionals' perceptions of ChatGPT
and their level of experience with specialised tools, thereby hinting at the possibility
that experience may engender either a favourable or unfavourable perspective of this
technology?
Does a discernible correlation exist between the negative perception of ChatGPT and
the perceived job insecurity among professionals with regards to their capacity to
deliver effective outcomes within the context of this technology?
The culmination of this research yields a panoramic understanding of how the perceptual fabric of digital marketing professionals is interwoven with the tapestry of their generational experiences. The diversity of perspectives regarding AI technologies within the digital marketing domain surfaces as a pivotal theme, and the role of age in shaping these perceptions becomes manifest.
Generation X, the torchbearers of a bygone industrial era transitioning to the digital epoch, tend to harbour scepticism and aversion towards AI applications, especially ChatGPT. This scepticism finds its roots in the historical trajectory of their lives, where they grappled with the uncertainties accompanying technological advancements and their impact on employment.
For Generation X professionals, the specter of "falling behind" looms large, a sentiment
stemming from what they perceive as an abandonment of their generation within the
technological landscape. Conversely, Generation Y, colloquially known as millennials, manifests a diverse range of attitudes. Although they generally exhibit positive inclinations towards AI technologies, vestiges of apprehension endure. Their concerns orbit around the long-term ramifications of process automation and the potential relegation of human labour to a mere vestige in the face of burgeoning AI capabilities.
The effervescent Generation Z, raised in the (arguably) digital, exudes a palpable
acceptance of AI technologies.
With a proclivity for valuing these AI tools, their inherent technological familiarity empowers them to adapt nimbly and efficiently. To the Generation Z, AI stands as an indispensable ally within the digital terrain.
The denouement of this study, now complete, is emblematic of an enriched comprehension of the multilayered perceptions harbored by digital marketing professionals. Examining correlations between aversion, age, experience, and perceived job security in the presence of AI tools has yielded profound insights into the trajectory of AI within the marketing domain.
The ascendancy of AI, epitomised by ChatGPT, is redefining the topography of digital
marketing and content generation. As professionals grapple with the advent of AI, their
predispositions and biases assume a central role in integrating these technologies into the industry.
This study illuminates the diverse generational attitudes toward AI technologies in
digital marketing and explicates the factors that fashion these perceptions. The findings herein assume a crucial role in elucidating the ever-evolving dynamics of the field and the imminent future of AI within the industry.
This research examines the relationship between academic procrastination behaviors in university students, social media addiction and life satisfaction. The sample of the research consisted of 260 students (161 female and 99 male) who were continuing their education at the Social Sciences University of Ankara Northern Cyprus Campus (ASBUKKTC) in the 2023-2024 academic year and were selected through the quota sampling method. The data of the study were collected with the “Demographic Information Form”, “Bergen Social Media Addiction Scale”, “Academic Procrastination Scale” and “Life Satisfaction Scale”. T-test and one-way analysis of variance were used to compare the statistical data between the variables and scales used in the research. At the end of the study, a negative relationship was found between social media addiction and life satisfaction, and a negative relationship was found between academic procrastination and life satisfaction. In addition, it was found that age, class, general grade point average, daily internet use, social media preference and preferences for fulfilling academic responsibilities had significant effects on academic procrastination, social media addiction and life satisfaction, but there was no interaction with the gender factor.
Bu araştırma, üniversite öğrencilerindeki akademik erteleme davranışlarının sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve yaşam doyumuyla ilişkilerini incelemektedir. Araştırmanın örneklemini 2023-2024 eğitim-öğretim döneminde Ankara Sosyal Bilimler Üniversitesi Kuzey Kıbrıs Yerleşkesi’nde (ASBÜKKTC) eğitimlerine devam eden ve kota örnekleme yöntemiyle belirlenen 161 kadın ve 99 erkek olmak üzere toplam 260 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmanın verileri “Demografik Bilgi Formu”, “Bergen Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği”, “Akademik Erteleme Ölçeği” ve “Yaşam Doyumu Ölçeği” ile toplanmıştır. Ölçekler arasında herhangi bir ilişki olup olmadığının belirlenmesi için Pearson Korelasyon analizi uygulanmıştır. Değişkenler ile ölçekler arasındaki istatiksel verilerin karşılaştırılmasında ise t testi ve tek yönlü varyans analizi yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Araştırma sonunda sosyal medya bağımlılığı ile yaşam doyumu arasında negatif; akademik erteleme ile yaşam doyumu arasında da negatif yönlü bir ilişki bulunmuştur. Buna ilaveten yaş, sınıf, genel not ortalaması, günlük internet kullanımı, sosyal medya tercihi ve akademik sorumluluklarını yerine getirme tercihlerinin akademik erteleme, sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve yaşam doyumu üzerinde önemli etkilerinin olduğu ancak cinsiyet faktörüyle herhangi bir etkileşiminin olmadığı tespit edilmiştir
Social media addiction is a growing issue that impacts employees’ attitudes and behaviors at work, but how it affects their innovative behavior remains unclear. The objective of this study is to draw on the Conservation of Resources theory to examine the direct and indirect (through work engagement) relationships between social media addiction and employees’ innovative behavior, as well as the moderating role of mindfulness. We propose that social media addiction depletes personal and job-related resources, whereas innovative behavior, being an extra-role behavior, demands additional resource investment. Thus, social media addiction can reduce employees’ innovative behavior. The present study utilizes work engagement as a mediator, analyzing how social media addiction reduces employees’ innovative behavior by affecting their vigor, dedication and absorption. Mindfulness is explored as a moderator with the potential to mitigate the adverse effects of social media addiction on work engagement and innovative behavior. As a personal resource, mindfulness can help employees regulate their emotions, reduce stress, and enhance attention and confidence. Using time-lag data of 365 non-managerial employees from 50 companies, our results show that social media addiction decreases work engagement, which in turn, reduces employees’ innovative behavior. We also found that mindfulness buffers the detrimental impact of social media addiction on work engagement and employees’ innovative behavior. Our research thus provides new insights into the relationship between social media addiction and employees’ innovative behavior. It suggests that organizations should conduct mindfulness training for employees to reduce their addictive use of social media, reinvigorate their enthusiasm for work, and encourage them to carry out innovative activities. Important contributions to theory and practice are provided.
Perkembangan teknologi memudahkan masyarakat dalam mengakses media sosial. Penggunaan media sosial memiliki efek terhadap harga diri. Tujuan: Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui hubungan karakteristik penggunaan media sosial dengan tingkat harga diri pada kelompok pemuda. Metode: Penelitian ini menggunakan desain korelasi, metode kuantitatif, dan pendekatan cross-sectional. Sampel berjumlah 479 pemuda usia 15–24 tahun di Jakarta Timur yang menggunakan media sosial Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, dan Twitter (atau disebut X). Pengumpulan data dilakukan secara online menggunakan Google Form . Hasil: Penelitian menunjukkan jenis media sosial yang paling banyak digunakan ialah Instagram dengan frekuensi dan durasi kategori tinggi (> 6 kali/hari dan > 4 jam/hari). Sebanyak 68,27% responden memiliki harga diri tinggi. Terdapat hubungan antara variabel jenis media sosial dengan harga diri ( p = 0,02) dan variabel frekuensi penggunaan media sosial dengan tingkat harga diri ( p = 0,02). Namun, variabel alasan penggunaan media sosial, durasi penggunaan media sosial, dan aktivitas dalam media sosial tidak memiliki hubungan dengan harga diri. Diskusi: Penggunaan media sosial berpotensi memengaruhi harga diri. Kesimpulan: Pemuda diharapkan menggunakan media sosial dengan bijak, orang tua diharapkan meningkatkan pengawasan terhadap pemuda, perawat dapat mengedukasi pemuda untuk bijak dalam menggunakan media sosial, dan penelitian selanjutnya diharapkan meneliti tentang adiksi media sosial/ gadget pada pemuda. Kata Kunci : harga diri, media sosial, kelompok pemuda Correlation Between Social Media Usage Characteristics and Self-Esteem Among Youth Aged 15–24 Years ABSTRACT Technological advancements have made it easier for individuals to access social media. Social media usage has effects on self-esteem. Objective : This study aims to explore the correlation between social media usage characteristics and self-esteem levels among youth. Methods : A correlational design, quantitative method, and cross-sectional approach were used. The sample consisted of 479 youth aged 15–24 years in East Jakarta who actively used social media platforms such as Instagram, Facebook, TikTok, and Twitter. Data were collected online using Google Forms. Results : The findings indicated that Instagram was the most frequently used social media platform, with high frequency and duration categories (>6 times/day and >4 hours/day). A total of 68.27% of respondents exhibited high self-esteem. There was a statistically significant correlation between the type of social media platform and self-esteem (p = 0.02), as well as between the frequency of social media usage and self-esteem level (p = 0.02). However, variables such as the purpose of social media use, duration of use, and activities on social media showed no significant correlation with self-esteem. Discussion : Social media usage has the potential to influence self-esteem. Conclusion : It is recommended that youth use social media wisely, while parents are encouraged to increase their supervision of young users. Health professionals can educate youth on responsible social media use, and further studies are advised to investigate social media or gadget addiction among youth. Keywords : Self-esteem, social media, youth
Amaç: Bu çalışmanın temel amacı sosyal medya bağımlılığının kompulsif çevrimiçi satın alma davranışının gerçekleşmesinde kontrolsüz kredi kartı kullanımının aracılık rolünü incelemektir. Gereç ve Yöntem: Çalışmanın gerçekleştirilmesinde 391 katılımcı yer almıştır. Veriler anket tekniği ile toplanmıştır. Aracılık rolünün belirlenmesinde Jamovi 2.4.14 programından faydalanılarak bootstrap tekniği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Yapılmış olan faktör analizi sonucuna göre sosyal medya bağımlılığı faaliyetleri çevre farkındalığının azalması ve iletişim bağımlılığı adı altında iki alt boyut halinde oluşmuştur. Analiz sonucunda sosyal medya bağımlılığı faaliyetlerinin iki boyutunun da (çevre farkındalığının azalması ve iletişim bağımlılığı) kompulsif çevrimiçi satın alma davranışını etkilediği tespit edilmiştir. Ayrıca, sosyal medya bağımlılığının kontrolsüz kredi kartı kullanımını etkilediği sonucuna da ulaşılmıştır. Sosyal medya bağımlılığı faaliyetlerinin kompulsif çevrimiçi satın alma davranışı üzerine etkisinde kontrolsüz kredi kartı kullanımının aracılık rolünün olduğu da istatistiki açıdan elde edilmiştir. Sonuç: Ulaşılan bu sonuçlara göre sosyal medya bağımlılığı faaliyetlerine maruz kalan tüketicilerin kompulsif çevrimiçi satın alma davranışlarının oluşumunda kontrolsüz kredi kartı kullanımının etkisi bulunmaktadır. Bu etkinin sosyal medya bağımlılığının alt boyutu olan ‘’çevre farkındalığının azalması’’ açısından biraz daha belirgin olduğu görülmektedir.
This study aimed to test the relationships between Fear of Missing Out (FoMO), the quantity of networks, frequency of use of social networks, and subjective well-being (SWB) and investigate the predictive role of these variables on SWB. To this end, the research was conducted online and included 265 participants of both genders, between 18 and 73 years old. The results showed a negative correlation between FoMO and SWB and a negative correlation between quantity and frequency of social network use and SWB. Furthermore, in relation to the FoMO regression results, belonging was a negative predictor of all three components of SWB. In view of this, it was observed that both feelings arising from FoMO and quantity and frequency of social network use tend to negatively impact SWB within the Brazilian context.
Bu araştırmanın amacı lise öğrencilerinde sosyal medya bağımlılığı ile pozitiflik arasında saldırganlığın çoklu aracılığını incelemektir. Araştırmanın bir diğer amacı ise lise öğrencilerinin sosyal medya bağımlılığı, saldırganlık ve pozitiflik düzeylerinin cinsiyet değişkenine göre farklılaşıp farklılaşmadığını belirlemektir. Araştırmada genel tarama modelinin alt türü olan ilişkisel tarama deseni kullanılmıştır. Araştırma örneklemini 2021-2022 eğitim-öğretim yılında Gaziantep ili Şehitkamil ilçesi liselerinde okuyan 220 kız öğrenci, 180 erkek öğrenci olmak üzere toplam 400 öğrenci oluşturmuştur. Araştırmada verileri toplamak için Bergen Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği, Saldırganlık Ölçeği Kısa Formu, Pozitiflik Ölçeği ve Kişisel Bilgi Formu kullanılmıştır. Araştırmanın veri analizlerinde tanımlayıcı istatistikler Pearson korelasyon analizi, aracılık analizi ve Bootstrap analizi yöntemleri kullanılmıştır. Çalışmadan elde edilen bulgulara göre pozitiflik ile sosyal medya bağımlığı ve saldırganlık arasında anlamlı düzeyde ilişkiler bulunmuştur. Aracılık bulgularına göre saldırganlığın alt boyutlarından olan düşmanlığın, sosyal medya bağımlılığı ile pozitiflik arasında aracılık ettiği saldırganlığın diğer alt boyutlarının ise aracılık etmediği görülmüştür. Cinsiyet değişkenine göre yapılan t testi sonuçlarına göre kız ve erkek öğrencilerin sosyal medya bağımlılığı, fiziksel saldırganlık, öfke ve pozitiflik puan ortalamalarının anlamlı düzeyde farklılık gösterdiği görülmektedir. Bu farklar incelendiğinde kız öğrencilerin erkek öğrencilere göre sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve öfke puan ortalamalarının daha yüksek olduğu; erkek öğrencilerin de kız öğrencilere göre fiziksel saldırganlık ve pozitiflik puan ortalamalarının daha yüksek olduğu görülmektedir. Öte yandan sözel saldırganlık, düşmanlık ve saldırganlık toplam puan ortalamalarının cinsiyete göre anlamlı düzeyde farklılık göstermediği görülmektedir. Çalışmanın sonuçları alan yazın çerçevesinde tartışılmış ve araştırmacılara öneriler sunulmuştur.
Purpose
This study seeks to explore the impact of “fear of missing out” (FOMO) and “psychological enhancement” (PE) on addiction to social media applications, subsequently influencing users' life satisfaction and continuous usage intention.
Design/methodology/approach
This research involved the administration of two sets of questionnaires during distinct periods: December 15 to December 30, 2022 and August 26 to September 2, 2023. The participants were college students from three universities in China, and the data collection utilized the “Questionnaire Star” platform. Only responses deemed valid and consistent were included in the subsequent statistical analysis. A total of 1,108 valid samples were used for the final analysis. Analyses including reliability, validity, path analysis, structural equation modeling, mediation effects and moderation effects were conducted using SPSS and AMOS software.
Findings
The study revealed that both FOMO and PE exerted positive influences on users' addiction to social media applications. Furthermore, this addiction was found to have a negative effect on users' life satisfaction while simultaneously contributing positively to their intention to continue using these platforms. The mediating effect of social media application addiction and the moderating impact of self-regulation were also substantiated through the analysis.
Research limitations/implications
Firstly, it is important to note that the research population of this study is limited to college students, which may limit its generalizability and representativeness. Although college students are a group known for their familiarity with and frequent use of smartphones and social media apps, the findings may not fully capture the behaviors of social media app users in other age groups. To enhance the understanding of social media app addiction across different age groups, future studies should consider expanding the research population and conducting multi-group difference analyses. Secondly, while focusing on specific users within a particular region can minimize unexplained variance in model estimation, it may also restrict the broader applicability of the study results. Therefore, future studies should consider testing the research model with diverse groups from different regions and cultural backgrounds. This approach will provide valuable insights into how social media app addiction may vary across various contexts, thereby enriching our understanding of this phenomenon.
Practical implications
Our findings reveal that in the “attention economy” environment shaped by addiction, social media app managers should leverage technology to swiftly and accurately target audiences, attract them to their platforms and cultivate long-term relationships. Encouraging users to develop new beneficial habits through app-specific functions and precise services will foster continuous usage and unlock revenue and marketing opportunities for app companies.
Social implications
Despite the extensive scholarly discourse on social media application addiction, there is a lack of a well-defined framework delineating how addictive user behaviors can be leveraged in the marketing strategies of social media application platforms. The present study seeks to address these gaps, contributing to a better understanding of the formation mechanisms and knowledge systems related to social media application addiction. By investigating the causes and consequences of such addiction, this research offers valuable insights and recommendations for the innovative development of these apps, given their widespread popularity. Concurrently, the study establishes a theoretical basis for the concept that users can mitigate the negative effects of social media addiction by exercising their own self-regulation.
Originality/value
As the functionalities and features of social media apps converge, their individual uniqueness starts to diminish, intensifying the competition among social media companies. This escalating rivalry places higher demands on these companies. This study aims to aid social media app companies in comprehending and analyzing the diverse psychological needs of users. By enriching their platform features and services, leading users towards addiction and gaining an edge in the “Attention Economy” competition. Understanding and catering to users' needs will be instrumental in thriving within this dynamic and evolving attention economy landscape.
Purpose
This study longitudinally investigated the predictors and mediators of adolescent smartphone addiction by examining the impact of parental smartphone addiction at T1 on adolescent smartphone addiction at T3, as well as the separate and sequential role of adolescent self-esteem and depression at T2 as mediating factors.
Design/methodology/approach
This study used a hierarchical regression and the PROCESS macro (Model 6) to investigate research model by collecting 3,904 parent-adolescent pairs. Panel data were collected from three waves of the Korean Children and Youth Panel Survey (KCYPS).
Findings
First, the result showed that parental smartphone addiction at T1 significantly and positively predicted adolescent smartphone addiction at T3. Second, the serial mediation analysis revealed that the impact of parental smartphone addiction at T1 on adolescent smartphone addiction at T3 was mediated by adolescent self-esteem and depression at T2 independently and serially.
Originality/value
The findings enhance our comprehension of the impact of parental smartphone addiction, adolescent self-esteem and depression, on adolescent smartphone addiction.
Sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve yaşam doyumu arasındaki ilişkiye bakıldığında ise sanal iletişim boyutu ile anlamlı bir ilişki olmasa da yaşam doyumları düşük olan öğrencilerin günlük hayatında uzak kaldığı etkinin aynısını elde edebilmek için sosyal medya kullanım dozunu arttırmaktadır. Bu durum sanal tolerans ve yaşam doyumu arasında zıt yönlü bir ilişki oluşturmaktadır. Sanal toleransın etkisi ile sosyal medya bağımlılığı ve yaşam doyumu arasında zıt yönlü anlamlı bir ilişki bulunmaktadır. Sosyal medya bağımlılığı arttıkça yaşam doyumu azalmaktadır.
Over the last two decades, an increasing number of studies have examined the concept of life satisfaction. Since the concept is deeply related to multiple facets of an individual’s life, it has attracted researchers’ interest from different domains. However, the life satisfaction literature is still fragmented and heterogeneous in terms of theoretical and contextual paradigms. This study aims to deconstruct the literature from the last 31 years and (i) identify distinct research clusters, (ii) reveal some major shifts in the research over time and (iii) derive some directions and ideas for future research. Using bibliometric analysis, the article identifies four clusters, and further analysis revealed a shift in theoretical perspective in life satisfaction research. Also, emerging trends within the clusters are detected. Finally, the directions for future research conclude the article.
Globalną samoocenę zwykle definiuje się jako stosunek do własnej osoby. Skala Samooceny M. Rosenberga jest jedną z najczęściej stosowanych w świecie metod pomiaru ogólnej samooceny. W artykule przedstawiono jej polską psychometryczną adaptację. Badania prowadzone na różnych grupach wykazały, że polska wersja metody jest narzędziem rzetelnym (alfa Cronbacha = 0,81–0,83), o potwierdzonej trafności teoretycznej.
Early studies attempted to define Internet addiction and examined behavior patterns that differentiated compulsive from normal Internet usage. More recent studies have examined the prevalence of Internet addiction and investigated the etiologic factors or causes associated with the disorder. This chapter presents the data associated with prevalence of Internet addiction, as available in various countries, to gather a sense of the scope of the problem. The chapter also provides the theoretical frameworks to understand the etiologic models or causal factors associated with the development of Internet addiction. From the academic perspective, this chapter helps identify future areas of research as new studies in the field continue to emerge. From the mental health perspective, this chapter will assist clinicians in developing more empirically sound methods to assess and potentially treat Internet-addicted clients.
Previous research has identified the importance of social connectedness in facilitating a number of positive outcomes, however, investigation of connectedness in online contexts is relatively novel. This research aimed to investigate for the first time social connectedness derived from the use of Facebook. Study 1 investigated whether offline social connectedness and Facebook connectedness were separate constructs. Participants were Facebook users (N = 344) who completed measures of offline social connectedness and Facebook social connectedness. Factor analysis (Maximum Likelihood analysis with Oblimin rotation) revealed Facebook connectedness to be distinct from offline social connectedness. Study 2 examined the relationship between Facebook social connectedness and anxiety, depression, and subjective well-being in a second sample of Facebook users (N = 274) in a cross-sectional design. Results suggest that Facebook use may provide the opportunity to develop and maintain social connectedness in the online environment, and that Facebook connectedness is associated with lower depression and anxiety and greater satisfaction with life. Limitations and future directions are considered. It is concluded that Facebook may act as a separate social medium in which to develop and maintain relationships, providing an alternative social outlet associated with a range of positive psychological outcomes.
Over 500 million people interact daily with Facebook. Yet, whether Facebook use influences subjective well-being over time is unknown. We addressed this issue using experience-sampling, the most reliable method for measuring in-vivo behavior and psychological experience. We text-messaged people five times per day for two-weeks to examine how Facebook use influences the two components of subjective well-being: how people feel moment-to-moment and how satisfied they are with their lives. Our results indicate that Facebook use predicts negative shifts on both of these variables over time. The more people used Facebook at one time point, the worse they felt the next time we text-messaged them; the more they used Facebook over two-weeks, the more their life satisfaction levels declined over time. Interacting with other people "directly" did not predict these negative outcomes. They were also not moderated by the size of people's Facebook networks, their perceived supportiveness, motivation for using Facebook, gender, loneliness, self-esteem, or depression. On the surface, Facebook provides an invaluable resource for fulfilling the basic human need for social connection. Rather than enhancing well-being, however, these findings suggest that Facebook may undermine it.
This study investigated the relationship among loneliness, self-esteem, life satisfaction, and Internet addiction. Participants were 384 university students (114 males, 270 females) from 18 to 24 years old from the faculty of education in Turkey. The Internet Addiction, UCLA Loneliness, Self-esteem, and Life Satisfaction scales were distributed to about 1000 university students, and 38.4% completed the survey (see Appendix A and B). It was found that loneliness, self-esteem, and life satisfaction explained 38% of the total variance in Internet addiction. Loneliness was the most important variable associated with Internet addiction and its subscales. Loneliness and self-esteem together explained time-management problems and interpersonal and health problems while loneliness, self-esteem, and life satisfaction together explained only the interpersonal and health problems subscales.
This study examines if Facebook, one of the most popular social network sites among college students in the U.S., is related to attitudes and behaviors that enhance individuals' social capital. Using data from a random web survey of college students across Texas (n = 2,603), we find positive relationships between intensity of Facebook use and students' life satisfaction, social trust, civic engagement, and political participation. While these findings should ease the concerns of those who fear that Facebook has mostly negative effects on young adults, the positive and significant associations between Facebook variables and social capital were small, suggesting that online social networks are not the most effective solution for youth disengagement from civic duty and democracy.
This research investigates two competing hypotheses from the literature: 1) the Social Enhancement ("Rich Get Richer'') hypothesis that those more popular offline augment their popularity by increasing it on Facebook(TM), and 2) the "Social Compensation'' ("Poor Get Richer'') hypothesis that users attempt to increase their Facebook(TM) popularity to compensate for inadequate offline popularity. Participants (n= 614) at a large, urban university in the Midwestern United States completed an online survey. Results are that a subset of users, those more extroverted and with higher self-esteem, support the Social Enhancement hypothesis, being more popular both offline and on Facebook book(TM). Another subset of users, those less popular offline, support the Social Compensation hypotheses because they are more introverted, have lower self-esteem and strive more to look popular on Facebook(TM). Semantic network analysis of open-ended responses reveals that these two user subsets also have different meanings for offline and online popularity. Furthermore, regression explains nearly twice the variance in offline popularity as in Facebook(TM) popularity, indicating the latter is not as socially grounded or defined as offline popularity.
The Bergen Facebook Addiction Scale (BFAS), initially a pool of 18 items, three reflecting each of the six core elements of addiction (salience, mood modification, tolerance, withdrawal, conflict, and relapse), was constructed and administered to 423 students together with several other standardized self-report scales (Addictive Tendencies Scale, Online Sociability Scale, Facebook Attitude Scale, NEO-FFI, BIS/BAS scales, and Sleep questions). That item within each of the six addiction elements with the highest corrected item-total correlation was retained in the final scale. The factor structure of the scale was good (RMSEA = .046, CFI = .99) and coefficient alpha was .83. The 3-week test-retest reliability coefficient was .82. The scores converged with scores for other scales of Facebook activity. Also, they were positively related to Neuroticism and Extraversion, and negatively related to Conscientiousness. High scores on the new scale were associated with delayed bedtimes and rising times.
This study examines the relationship between use of Facebook, a popular online social network site, and the formation and maintenance of social capital. In addition to assessing bonding and bridging social capital, we explore a dimension of social capital that assesses one's ability to stay connected with members of a previously inhabited community, which we call maintained social capital. Regression analyses conducted on results from a survey of undergraduate students (N=286) suggest a strong association between use of Facebook and the three types of social capital, with the strongest relationship being to bridging social capital. In addition, Facebook usage was found to interact with measures of psychological well-being, suggesting that it might provide greater benefits for users experiencing low self-esteem and low life satisfaction.
Formed on an analysis of design practices, the behaviour chain model stipulates that social network designer’s ultimate aim is to encourage users to adopt the social network site by entering a phase of true commitment. During this phase, social network users are driven to connect to known or unknown others by engaging in instrumental uses that create value and content and involve others, while staying active and loyal by investing time in the site. This paper investigates how designer’s intentions, as captured by the behaviour chain model, materialise through users’ reported practices in the social network site Facebook. A total of 423 Facebook users from 5 countries answered a questionnaire that allowed us to examine how 2 user characteristics, experience with the site, and culture, shape the nature of true commitment. Our findings show that experience with the site and even more so, culture, have an effect on users’ motivations for using Facebook, as well as their instrumental uses and the time they invest on the site. This analysis reifies the behaviour chain model by allowing designers to understand how the features they design are embodied in users’ practices.
Young people's exposure to social network sites such as Facebook is increasing, along with the potential for such use to complicate romantic relationships. Yet, little is known about the overlaps between the online and offline worlds. We extended previous research by investigating the links between Facebook intrusion, jealousy in romantic relationships, and relationship outcomes in a sample of undergraduates currently in a romantic relationship. A Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire was developed based on key features of technological (behavioral) addictions. An eight-item Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire with a single-factor structure was supported; internal consistency was high. Facebook intrusion was linked to relationship dissatisfaction, via jealous cognitions and surveillance behaviors. The results highlight the possibility of high levels of Facebook intrusion spilling over into romantic relationships, resulting in problems such as jealousy and dissatisfaction. The results have implications for romantic relationships and for Facebook users in general.
Facebook has become a very popular social networking platform today, particularly among adolescents and young adults, profoundly changing the way they communicate and interact. However, some reports have indicated that excessive Facebook use might have detrimental effects on mental health and be associated with certain psychological problems. Because previous findings on the relationship between Facebook addiction and depression were not unambiguous, further investigation was required. The main objective of our study was to examine the potential associations between Internet use, depression, and Facebook intrusion. A total of 672 Facebook users took part in the cross-sectional study. The Facebook Intrusion Questionnaire and the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale were used. For collecting the data, the snowball sampling procedure was used. We showed that depression can be a predictor of Facebook intrusion. Our results provides additional evidence that daily Internet use time in minutes, gender, and age are also predictors of Facebook intrusion: that Facebook intrusion can be predicted by being male, young age, and an extensive number of minutes spent online. On the basis of this study, it is possible to conclude that there are certain demographic - variables, such as age, gender, or time spent online - that may help in outlining the profile of a user who may be in danger of becoming addicted to Facebook. This piece of knowledge may serve for prevention purposes.
Copyright © 2015 Elsevier Masson SAS. All rights reserved.
This article reports the development and validation of a scale to measure global life satisfaction, the Satisfaction With Life Scale (SWLS). Among the various components of subjective well-being, the SWLS is narrowly focused to assess global life satisfaction and does not tap related constructs such as positive affect or loneliness. The SWLS is shown to have favorable psychometric properties, including high internal consistency and high temporal reliability. Scores on the SWLS correlate moderately to highly with other measures of subjective well-being, and correlate predictably with specific personality characteristics. It is noted that the SWLS is suited for use with different age groups, and other potential uses of the scale are discussed.
Abstract Internet addiction has become a serious behavioral health problem in Asia. However, there are no up-to-date country comparisons. The Asian Adolescent Risk Behavior Survey (AARBS) screens and compares the prevalence of Internet behaviors and addiction in adolescents in six Asian countries. A total of 5,366 adolescents aged 12-18 years were recruited from six Asian countries: China, Hong Kong, Japan, South Korea, Malaysia, and the Philippines. Participants completed a structured questionnaire on their Internet use in the 2012-2013 school year. Internet addiction was assessed using the Internet Addiction Test (IAT) and the Revised Chen Internet Addiction Scale (CIAS-R). The variations in Internet behaviors and addiction across countries were examined. The overall prevalence of smartphone ownership is 62%, ranging from 41% in China to 84% in South Korea. Moreover, participation in online gaming ranges from 11% in China to 39% in Japan. Hong Kong has the highest number of adolescents reporting daily or above Internet use (68%). Internet addiction is highest in the Philippines, according to both the IAT (5%) and the CIAS-R (21%). Internet addictive behavior is common among adolescents in Asian countries. Problematic Internet use is prevalent and characterized by risky cyberbehaviors.
Abstract This study examines how Facebook usage affects individual's empathic social skills and life satisfaction. Following the self-presentational theory, the study explores a key component of the Internet paradox-whether Facebook suppresses or enhances users' interpersonal competence (specifically empathic social skills), given their respective personality makeup. Going further, the study assesses these events' subsequent impacts on users' psychological well-being. Analogous to a double-edged sword, Facebook activities are hypothesized to suppress the positive effect of a user's extraversion orientation on empathic social skills but lessen the negative effect of neuroticism on these skills. The study examines a sample of college-aged Facebook users (n=515), who responded to a large-scale online survey. The findings from a structural equation modeling analysis indicate that while empathic social skills are positively associated with life satisfaction, Facebook activities mainly exert suppression effects. Only upon low usage can Facebook activities lessen the negative effect of neuroticism on empathic social skills, suggesting that Facebook may appear as a less threatening platform for social interactions among neurotics. Yet, results in general suggest that undesirable effects may occur at high levels of Facebook usage whereby both extroverted and neurotic users displace real world social ties to online ones. The findings point to the complex ways in which social media usage may impact the livelihood of users.
Social networking sites (SNSs) are virtual communities where users can create individual public profiles, interact with real-life friends, and meet other people based on shared interests. Anecdotal case study evidence suggests that "addiction" to social networks on the Internet may be a potential mental health problem for some users. However, the contemporary scientific literature addressing the addictive qualities of social networks on the Internet is relatively scarce. This chapter provides empirical and conceptual insight into the emerging phenomenon of addiction to SNSs by examining motivations for SNS usage, examining negative consequences of SNS usage, and exploring potential SNS addiction. The chapter also examines screening and assessment tools, and suggests tentative treatment approaches based on the treatment of other online addictions.
Abstract A representative sample (n=1,000) of the Belgian population aged 18 years and older filled out an online questionnaire on their Internet use in general and their use of social networking sites (SNS) in particular. We measured total time spent on the Internet, time spent on SNS, number of SNS profiles, gender, age, schooling level, income, job occupation, and leisure activities, and we integrated several psychological scales such as the Quick Big Five and the Mastery Scale. Hierarchical multiple regression modeling shows that gender and age explain an important part of the compulsive SNS score (5%) as well as psychological scales (20%), but attitude toward school (additional 3%) and income (2.5%) also add to explained variance in predictive models of compulsive SNS use.
Anecdotal reports indicated that some on-line users were becoming addicted to the Internet in much the same way that others became addicted to drugs or alcohol, which resulted in academic, social, and occupational impairment. However, research among sociologists, psychologists, or psychiatrists has not formally identified addictive use of the Internet as a problematic behavior. This study investigated the existence of Internet addiction and the extent of problems caused by such potential misuse. Of all the diagnoses referenced in the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders - Fourth Edition (DSM-IV; American Psychiatric Association, 1995), Pathological Gambling was viewed as most akin to the pathological nature of Internet use. By using Pathological Gambling as a model, addictive Internet use can be defined as an impulse-control disorder that does not involve an intoxicant. Therefore, this study developed a brief eight-item questionnaire referred to as a Diagnostic Questionnaire (DQ), which modified criteria for pathological gambling to provide a screening instrument for classification of participants. On the basis of this criteria, case studies of 396 dependent Internet users (Dependents) and 100 nondependent Internet users (Nondependents) were classified. Qualitative analyses suggest significant behavioral and functional usage differences between the two groups such as the types of applications utilized, the degree of difficulty controlling weekly usage, and the severity of problems noted. Clinical and social implications of pathological Internet use and future directions for research are discussed.
A longitudinal analysis of panel data from users of a popular online social network site, Facebook, investigated the relationship between intensity of Facebook use, measures of psychological well-being, and bridging social capital. Two surveys conducted a year apart at a large U.S. university, complemented with in-depth interviews with 18 Facebook users, provide the study data. Intensity of Facebook use in year one strongly predicted bridging social capital outcomes in year two, even after controlling for measures of self-esteem and satisfaction with life. These latter psychological variables were also strongly associated with social capital outcomes. Self-esteem served to moderate the relationship between Facebook usage intensity and bridging social capital: those with lower self-esteem gained more from their use of Facebook in terms of bridging social capital than higher self-esteem participants. We suggest that Facebook affordances help reduce barriers that lower self-esteem students might experience in forming the kinds of large, heterogeneous networks that are sources of bridging social capital.
Kraut et al. (1998) reported negative effects of using the Internet on social involvement and psychological well-being among new Internet users in 1995–96. We called the effects a “paradox” because participants used the Internet heavily for communication, which generally has positive effects. A 3-year follow-up of 208 of these respondents found that negative effects dissipated. We also report findings from a longitudinal survey in 1998–99 of 406 new computer and television purchasers. This sample generally experienced positive effects of using the Internet on communication, social involvement, and well-being. However, consistent with a “rich get richer” model, using the Internet predicted better outcomes for extraverts and those with more social support but worse outcomes for introverts and those with less support.
Despite its uses, the Internet is liable to be abused. “Internet Addiction” is a newly proposed construct, derived form DSM-IV criteria for substance abuse. As a very recent phenomenon, excess internet use probably arises through pre-existing mechanisms. The addictive element may be the search for stimulation through interactive services, or the Internet may serve the purpose of an escape from real-life difficulties. We therefore considered the extent to which sensation seeking or poor self-esteem predicts heavier Internet use. Fifty participants, recruited through the Internet or the Internet Addiction Support Group, completed an Internet Related Problem Scale, the MMPI-2 Addiction Potential Scale, the Coopersmith Self-Esteem Inventory and the Sensation Seeking Scale. The Internet Related Problem Scale showed a moderate level of internal consistency and demonstrated construct validity, predicting hours of Internet use and having a relationship with the Addiction Potential Scale. While poorer self-esteem predicted greater scores on the Internet Related Problem Scale, impulsivity did not. Researchers need to re-assess previous conceptualizations of the typical “computer addict” as a highly educated, male introvert with a constant need for intellectual stimulation (Shotton, 1991).
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