Strategies and Best Practices for Data Literacy Education Knowledge Synthesis Report

Abstract

Key Messages BACKGROUND: We begin with a definition, synthesized from existing literature and refined based on expert input: Data literacy is the ability to collect, manage, evaluate, and apply data, in a critical manner. It is an essential ability required in the global knowledge-­‐‑ based economy; the manipulation of data occurs in daily processes across all sectors and disciplines. An understanding of how decisions are informed by data, and how to collect, manage, evaluate, and apply this data in support of evidence-­‐‑ based decision-­‐‑ making, will benefit Canadian citizens, and will increasingly be required in knowledge economy jobs. Data literacy education is currently inconsistent across the public, private, and academic sectors, and data literacy training has not been approached systematically or formally at Canada'ʹs post-­‐‑ secondary institutions. There are also per-­‐‑ sector capability gaps, which makes it difficult to set realistic expectations of data-­‐‑ based skills.

Full text

Strategies and Best Practices
for Data Literacy Education
Knowledge Synthesis Report
Chantel Ridsdale, James Rothwell, Mike Smit,
Hossam Ali-Hassan, Michael Bliemel, Dean Irvine,
Daniel Kelley, Stan Matwin, and Brad Wuetherick

Key$Messages$
BACKGROUND:$!"#$"%&'#(&)*#+#,"-&'&)&.'/#01')*"0&2",#-3.4#"5&0)&'%#6&)"3+)73"#+',#3"-&'",#$+0",#
.'#"58"3)#&'87)9#Data$literacy$is$the$ability$to$collect,$manage,$evaluate,$and$apply$data,$in$a$
critical$manner.$:)#&0#+'#"00"')&+6#+$&6&)1#3";7&3",#&'#)*"#%6.$+6#<'.(6",%"=$+0",#">.'.41?#)*"#
4+'&876+)&.'#.-#,+)+#.>>730#&'#,+&61#83.>"00"0#+>3.00#+66#0">).30#+',#,&0>&86&'"0@#A'#7',"30)+',&'%#
.-#*.(#,">&0&.'0#+3"#&'-.34",#$1#,+)+/#+',#*.(#).#>.66">)/#4+'+%"/#"B+67+)"/#+',#+8861#)*&0#,+)+#&'#
0788.3)#.-#"B&,"'>"=$+0",#,">&0&.'=4+<&'%/#(&66#$"'"-&)#C+'+,&+'#>&)&2"'0/#+',#(&66#&'>3"+0&'%61#$"#
3";7&3",#&'#<'.(6",%"#">.'.41#D.$0@#E+)+#6&)"3+>1#",7>+)&.'#&0#>733"')61#&'>.'0&0)"')#+>3.00#)*"#
87$6&>/#83&B+)"/#+',#+>+,"4&>#0">).30/#+',#,+)+#6&)"3+>1#)3+&'&'%#*+0#'.)#$""'#+883.+>*",#
010)"4+)&>+661#.3#-.34+661#+)#C+'+,+F0#8.0)=0">.',+31#&'0)&)7)&.'0@#G*"3"#+3"#+60.#8"3=0">).3#
>+8+$&6&)1#%+80/#(*&>*#4+<"0#&)#,&--&>76)#).#0")#3"+6&0)&>#"58">)+)&.'0#.-#,+)+=$+0",#0<&660@##
CONSIDERATIONS:$E"B"6.8&'%#)*"#0.6&,#-.7',+)&.'+6#<'.(6",%"#.-#,+)+#6&)"3+>1#&0#&')"%3+6#).#
$7&6,&'%#,&0>&86&'"=H,.4+&'=08">&-&>#<'.(6",%"#+',#"'073&'%#)*+)#>&)&2"'0#+3"#+$6"#).#70"#+',#+8861#
)*"0"#0<&660#+883.83&+)"61#+',#,&B"30"61#)*3.7%*.7)#)*"&3#8"30.'+6#+',#83.-"00&.'+6#6&B"0@#G*"#$"0)#
86+>"#).#$"%&'#)*&0#&'&)&+)&B"#&0#)*"#7',"3%3+,7+)"#>733&>7674#&'#8.0)=0">.',+31#&'0)&)7)&.'0/#,7"#&'#
8+3)#).#)*"&3#.B"3+3>*&'%#%.+6#.-#83.,7>&'%#%6.$+661#>.48")&)&B"/#>3&)&>+661#)*&'<&'%/#("66=";7&88",#
%3+,7+)"0@#I.0)=0">.',+31#>733&>76+#+63"+,1#&')3.,7>"#0)7,"')0#).#'"(#)*".3&"0#+',#83+>)&>"0/#+',#).#
'"(#-.340#.-#6&)"3+>1#07>*#+0#&'-.34+)&.'#6&)"3+>1#+',#>.487)+)&.'+6#)*&'<&'%@#G("')1=-&30)#>"')731#
83.$6"40#3";7&3"#)("')1=-&30)#>"')731#0<&660#JI"')6+',/#KLMNO?#+,,&'%#,+)+#6&)"3+>1#"586&>&)61#).#
7',"3%3+,7+)"#>733&>76+#(&66#*"68#"'073"#%3+,7+)"0#(&66#$"#$"))"3#";7&88",#).#4"")#)*"#,+)+#0<&660#
%+8#&'#C+'+,+F0#J+',#)*"#%6.$+6O#(.3<-.3>"@##
FINDINGS$AND$BEST$PRACTICES:$E+)+#6&)"3+>1#",7>+)&.'#3";7&3"0#4")*.,0#)*+)#"'%+%"#+',#
4.)&B+)"#0)7,"')0/#+0#("66#+0#"'>.73+%"#)+0<#>.44&)4"')@#P"0)#83+>)&>"0#-.3#)"+>*&'%#,+)+#6&)"3+>1#
",7>+)&.'#&'>67,"#>.66+$.3+)&.'#$")(""'#",7>+).30/#.3%+'&2+)&.'0/#+',#&'0)&)7)&.'0#).#"'073"#%.+60#
+3"#$"&'%#4")#$1#+66#0)+<"*.6,"30?#,&B"30"#+',#>3"+)&B"#)"+>*&'%#+883.+>*"0#+',#"'B&3.'4"')#
&'>67,&'%#)*"#"--">)&B"#70"#.-#)">*'.6.%1?#07>>"00&B"H&)"3+)&B"#6"+3'&'%#(&)*#>.486"4"')+31#0<&660#
&')"%3+)",#J"@%@#83.D">)=$+0",#6"+3'&'%O?#"48*+0&2&'%#4">*+'&>0#&'#+,,&)&.'#).#>.'>"8)0#J&@"@#
83+>)&>+6/#*+',0#.'#6"+3'&'%O?#+',#&'>3"+0&'%#"'%+%"4"')#(&)*#)*"#>.')"')#$1#70&'%#3"+6#(.36,#,+)+@#
C.730"0#$7&6)#.'#)*&0#4.,"6#(&66#>.''">)#6"+3'&'%#(&)*#>.')3&$7)&'%#).#0.>&")1#.3#8"30.'+6#&')"3"0)0/#
+',#"'>.73+%"0#$.)*#&'=0>*..6#+',#6&-"6.'%#6"+3'&'%@#!"#*+B"#+60.#&,"')&-&",#%+80#&'#.73#>.66">)&B"#
7',"30)+',&'%#.-#,+)+#6&)"3+>1#",7>+)&.'/#(*&>*#(&66#3";7&3"#-73)*"3#3"0"+3>*@#
DATA$LITERACY$COMPETENCIES:#!"#*+B"#01')*"0&2",#+#0")#.-#0<&660#+',#+$&6&)&"0#)*+)#).%")*"3#
>.483&0"#B+3&.70#6"B"60#.-#,+)+#6&)"3+>1/#(*&>*#("#83"0"')#&'#+#data$literacy$competencies$matrix,#
.3%+'&2",#$1#)*"#-&B"#>.3"#+08">)0#.-#.73#,+)+#6&)"3+>1#,"-&'&)&.'#J,+)+/#>.66">)&.'/#4+'+%"4"')/#
"B+67+)&.'/#+886&>+)&.'O@#G*&0#4+)3&5#&0#&')"',",#).#-.34#)*"#$+0&0#.-#.'%.&'%#>.'B"30+)&.'0#+$.7)#
0)+',+3,0#-.3#+00"00&'%#+',#"B+67+)&'%#6"B"60#.-#,+)+#6&)"3+>1/#+',#).#&'-.34#)*"#>3"+)&.'#.-#6"+3'&'%#
.7)>.4"0#&'#,+)+#6&)"3+>1#",7>+)&.'@##
CONCLUSION:$Q.3#)*"#$"'"-&)#.-#0)7,"')0/#"486.1"30/#+',#0.>&")1/#,+)+#6&)"3+>1#470)#$"#
3">.%'&2",#+0#+#'">"00+31#>&B&>#0<&66#JR(+'#")#+6@/#KLLSO@#G*&0#3">.%'&)&.'#0*.76,#>.4"#-3.4#+66#6"B"60#
.-#%.B"3'4"')/#+',#-3.4#8.0)=0">.',+31#&'0)&)7)&.'0@#G*"3"#'"",0#).#$"#+%3""4"')#.'#(*+)#
"6"4"')0#.-#,+)+#6&)"3+>1#+3"#'">"00+31#&'#+'#7',"3%3+,7+)"#>.3"#>733&>7674/#&'#.3,"3#).#83.B&,"#+#
>.'0&0)"')#-.7',+)&.'+6#",7>+)&.'#-.3#)*.0"#"')"3&'%#+'#&'>3"+0&'%61#,+)+=,"8"',"')#(.3<-.3>"@#
2

Executive)Summary)
!"#$%"#$#&$'$(%)*+#,-*)"'./#0"%+$0,#"1"2#&$'$(&%)1"2#34"2'5$2&6#789:;<#=2#78976#$2$5.,',#",')>$'"&#
?8@#-A#'+"#B-%5&C,#&$'$#+$&#*->"#)2'-#"D),'"2*"#B)'+)2#'+"#0%"1)-E,#7#."$%,#3F",,"'#"'#$5<6#789G;<#
H%I$2)J$')-2,#)2#$55#,"*'-%,#$%"#,'%EII5)2I#B)'+#'+),#1-5E>"#-A#&$'$6#*-2A)&"2'#'+$'#&",0)'"#'+"#
1"5-*)'.#$'#B+)*+#)'#),#I%-B)2I6#$2&#'+"#1$%)"'.#-A#)',#A-%>$',6#'+"%"#),#1$5E"<#K+"#I-$5#),#'-#'%$2,)')-2#
A%->#L")2I#&$'$(%)*+#'-#L")2I#)2A-%>$')-2(%)*+#$2&#M2-B5"&I"(%)*+6#A-%#B+)*+#B"#2""&#L-'+#&$'$#
,*)"2'),',#$2&#0"-05"#*$0$L5"#-A#B-%M)2I#"AA"*')1"5.#B)'+#&$'$<#K+"#N*O)2,".#P5-L$5#=2,')'E'"#
,EII",'"&#'+$'#$'#*E%%"2'#'%$)2)2I#%$'",6#)2#'+"#QR#$5-2"#'+"%"#B)55#L"#9G86888(9?86888#>-%"#S-L,#'+$2#
'%$)2"&#&$'$#,*)"2'),',#L.#789T#3N$2.)M$#"'#$5<6#7899;<#H2#'+"#5)'"%$*.6#A5E"2*.6#>$,'"%.#,*$5"6#$#&$'$#
,*)"2'),'#B-E5&#+$1"#$*+)"1"&#>$,'"%.<#U-B"1"%6#'+"#,$>"#%"0-%'#$5,-#",')>$'"&#$#96V886888#
">05-.""#,+-%'A$55#-A#W&$'$(,$11.X#$2$5.,',#$2&#>$2$I"%,#*$0$L5"#-A#B-%M)2I#B)'+#'+"#&$'$#'-#>$M"#
"AA"*')1"#&"*),)-2,#3N$2.)M$#"'#$5<6#7899;/#=YZ#,EII",',#$#,)>)5$%#2E>L"%#3F",,"'#"'#$5<6#789G;<#K+),#
5$''"%#,"'#-A#,M)55,#),#B+$'#B"#%"A"%#'-#$,#data$literacy<#
[*%-,,#$*$&">)*#&),*)05)2",#$2&#'+%-EI+-E'#'+"#0%)1$'"#,"*'-%6#B"#$%"#%"*-I2)J)2I#$#I%-B)2I#2""&#
A-%#&$'$(5)'"%$'"#I%$&E$'",#A%->#$55#L$*MI%-E2&,<#K+"#%"*"2'#K%)(Z-E2*)5#*-2,E5'$')-2#&-*E>"2'#-2#
&)I)'$5#,*+-5$%,+)0#3P-1"%2>"2'#-A#Z$2$&$6#789:;#%"*-I2)J",#'+),#*+$55"2I"6#$2&#'+"#),,E"#-A#'%$)2)2I#
)2#0$%')*E5$%\#WY)I)'$5#&$'$#$%"#'+"#%$B#>$'"%)$5,#-A#'+"#M2-B5"&I"#"*-2->.6#$2&#$%"#L"*->)2I#
)2*%"$,)2I5.#)>0-%'$2'#A-%#$55#$%"$,#-A#,-*)"'.6#)2*5E&)2I#)2&E,'%.]#K+"#,$>"#>$.#L"#,$)&#-A#'+"#
*$0$*)'.#'-#*$0'E%"6#>$2$I"#$2&#0%","%1"#)'6#-%#'+"#%"^E),)'"#'%$)2)2I#-A#0"%,-22"5#B+-#*$2#-0"%$'"#
"AA"*')1"5.#)2#'+),#>)5)"EX#3P-1"%2>"2'#-A#Z$2$&$6#789:;<#K+),#%"*-I2)')-2#0%->0',#'+"#*-%"#^E",')-2#
$&&%",,"&#)2#'+),#%"0-%'\#U-B#*$2#0-,'(,"*-2&$%.#)2,')'E')-2,#)2#Z$2$&$#L",'#"^E)0#I%$&E$'",#B)'+#
'+"#M2-B5"&I"6#E2&"%,'$2&)2I6#$2&#,M)55,#%"^E)%"&#A-%#'+"#&$'$(%)*+#M2-B5"&I"#"*-2->._#
!"#$&&%",,"&#'+),#^E",')-2#L.#"D$>)2)2I#"D),')2I#,'%$'"I)",#$2&#L",'#0%$*')*",#A-%#'"$*+)2I#&$'$#
5)'"%$*.6#,.2'+",)J)2I#&-*E>"2'"&#"D05)*)'#M2-B5"&I"#3A%->#L-'+#A-%>$5#$2&#)2A-%>$5#5)'"%$'E%";#
E,)2I#$#2$%%$')1"(,.2'+",),#>"'+-&-5-I.<#!+"2#2"*",,$%.6#B"#E,"&#-E%#'"$>`,#"D0"%'),"#'-#$)&#)2#
,.2'+",)J)2I#$2&#,E>>$%)J)2I/#'+),#"D0"%'),"#,0$2,#>E5')05"#&),*)05)2",6#)2*5E&)2I#R*)"2*"6#
Z->0E'"%#R*)"2*"6#aE,)2",,6#=2A-%>$')-2#N$2$I">"2'6#[%',#$2&#R-*)$5#R*)"2*",6#$2&#b&E*$')-2<#
!"#L"I)2#L.#",'$L5),+)2I#'+"#,M)55,#'+$'#*->0%),"#&$'$#5)'"%$*.<#Y$'$#5)'"%$*.#),#'+"#$L)5)'.#'-#*-55"*'6#
>$2$I"6#"1$5E$'"6#$2&#$005.#&$'$6#)2#$#*%)')*$5#>$22"%<#!"#&"A)2"#'+"#*-%"#,M)55,#$2&#*->0"'"2*)",#
'+$'#*->0%),"#&$'$#5)'"%$*.6#E,)2I#$#'+">$')*#$2$5.,),#-A#'+"#"5">"2',#-A#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#&",*%)L"&#)2#
0""%(%"1)"B"&#5)'"%$'E%"<#K+","#*->0"'"2*)",#37:#)2#'-'$5;#$2&#'+")%#,M)55,6#M2-B5"&I"6#$2&#"D0"*'"&#
'$,M,#3cG#)2#'-'$5;#$%"#-%I$2)J"&#E2&"%#'+"#'-0(5"1"5#"5">"2',#-A#'+"#&"A)2)')-2#3&$'$6#*-55"*'6#>$2$I"6#
"1$5E$'"6#$005.;#$2&#$%"#*$'"I-%)J"&#$,#*-2*"0'E$5#*->0"'"2*)",6#*-%"#*->0"'"2*)",6#$2&#$&1$2*"&#
*->0"'"2*)",<#K+),#1)"B#-A#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#),#*"2'%$5#'-#-E%#,.2'+",),6#B+)*+#)2*5E&",#'B-#0%)>$%.#
,"*')-2,\#'+"#*-2'"D'#$2&#,'%$'"I)*#1$5E"#-A#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#"&E*$')-26#$2&#L",'#0%$*')*",#A-%#'"$*+)2I#
&$'$#5)'"%$*.#$*%-,,#&),*)05)2",<#K+"%"#$5,-#%">$)2,#>E*+#B"#&-#2-'#M2-B6#$2&#AE%'+"%#,'"0,#'+$'#
2""&#'-#L"#'$M"26#'-#E2&"%,'$2&#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#)2,'%E*')-2,<##
#
Conceptual
Framework
Introduction to Data
Data Discovery
and Collection
Evaluating and
Ensuring Quality of
Data and Sources
Data
Organization
Data
Manipulation
Data Conversion
(from format to format)
Metadata
Creation
and Use
Data Curation,
Security, and
Re-Use
Data
Preservation
Data Collection
Data Management
Data Tools
Basic Data
Analysis
Data Interpretation
(Understanding Data)
Identifying
Problems
Using Data
Data
Visualization
Presenting
Data
(Verbally)
Data Driven Decisions
Making (DDDM) (Making
decisions based on data)
Critical
Thinking
Data Culture Data Ethics Data Citation Data Sharing
Evaluating
Decisions
Based on Data
Data Evaluation
Data Application
3

Context)and)Strategic)Value)of)Data)Literacy)Education)
!"#"D$>)2"&#'+"#*-2'"D'#-A#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#"&E*$')-2#)2#'+%""#>$)2#$%"$,\##Y$'$#d)'"%$*.#$,#$#79,'#
Z"2'E%.#RM)55#A-%#79,'#Z"2'E%.#Z)')J"2,/#Z$2$&)$2#b>05-."%,#$2&#b*-2->./#$2&#Z$2$&)$2#R'E&"2',#
$2&#Q2)1"%,)')",<#K+","#'+%""#$%"$,#+"50#E2&"%,'$2&#'+"#>-')1$')-2#A-%#"2,E%)2I#3$'#>)2)>E>;#
A-E2&$')-2$5#M2-B5"&I"#-A#&$'$#5)'"%$*.<##
KB"2'.(A)%,'#*"2'E%.#*)')J"2,#>E,'#+$%2",,#'B"2'.(A)%,'#*"2'E%.#,M)55,#'-#L"#,E**",,AE5#)2#'+"#
M2-B5"&I"(L$,"&#"*-2->.<#=2A-%>$')-2#),#)2#$LE2&$2*"6#$2&#)2A-%>$')-2#),#&"%)1"&#A%->#&$'$<#
Y$'$#*->",#A%->#)22E>"%$L5"#0%-&E*"%,6#'+%-EI+#$2#)2*%"$,)2I#2E>L"%#-A#-E'5"',6#)2#&)1"%,"#
A-%>$',<#K+"#)2A-%>$')-2e&$'$#$'>-,0+"%"#)2#,-*)"'.#%"^E)%",#)2&)1)&E$5,#'-#">05-.#+)I+"%(-%&"%#
'+)2M)2I6#B+)*+#*$2#L"#*+$55"2I)2I#'-#'"$*+6#$2&#-A'"2#)21-51",#2-2('%$&)')-2$5#)2,'%E*')-2<##KB"2'.(
A)%,'#*"2'E%.#,M)55,#)2*5E&"#*%)')*$5#'+)2M)2I6#0%-L5">#,-51)2I6#$2&#*->0E'$')-2$5#'+)2M)2I<#K+","#
,M)55,#$%"#&)AA)*E5'#'-#+-2"#B+"2#2-'#LE)5'#)2'-#*E%%)*E5$#B)'+#)2'"2')-2$5)'.<##Z%)')*$5#'+)2M)2I#),#$#
A-E2&$')-2$5#,M)55#A-%#79,'#*"2'E%.#'+)2M)2I#$2&#&$'$#5)'"%$*.<#!-%M)2I#B)'+#&$'$#%"^E)%",#'+"#$L)5)'.#
'-#$,M#'+"#%)I+'#^E",')-2,#$2&#*%)')*$55.#"1$5E$'"#-E'*->",<#4%-L5">#,-51)2I#%"^E)%",#2$1)I$')2I#
&)AA)*E5'#,)'E$')-2,#'+-EI+'AE55.<#Z->0E'$')-2$5#'+)2M)2I#)2*-%0-%$'",#$#5"1"5#-A#L-'+#*%)')*$5#
'+)2M)2I#$2&#0%-L5">#,-51)2I/#!)2I#&",*%)L",#'+"#AE2&$>"2'$5#*-2*"0',#$,#,-51)2I#0%-L5">,6#
&",)I2)2I#,.,'">,6#$2&#E2&"%,'$2&)2I#+E>$2#L"+$1)-%#3788T;<##
[#*-2,),'"2'#5"1"5#-A#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#"&E*$')-2#$*%-,,#'+"#B-%MA-%*"#B-E5&#+$1"#$#0-,)')1"#)>0$*'#-2#
">05-."%,6#$&&%",,)2I#'+"#,M)55,#I$0#$2&#'+"#1$%)$2*"#)2#&$'$(%"5$'"&#,M)55,#B)'+#B+)*+#,'E&"2',#
"2'"%#'+"#B-%MA-%*"<#[*^E)%)2I#&$'$#,M)55,#)2A-%>$55.#*$2#L"#1"%.#&)AA)*E5'6#$2&#%",E5',#)2#
)2*-2,),'"2*)",#)2#0%$*')*"#$2&#,M)55<#K+"#5"1"5#-A#-2('+"(S-L#'%$)2)2I#%"^E)%"&#B-E5&#&"*%"$,"6#
$55-B)2I#">05-."%,#'-#A-*E,#-2#&->$)2(,0"*)A)*#'%$)2)2I6#-%#"5">"2',#-A#&$'$#,M)55#B+"%"#">05-."",#
%"^E)%"#>$,'"%.#-%#A5E"2*.<#[,#'+"%"#),#*E%%"2'5.#2-'#$#I%"$'#&"$5#-A#)2A-%>$')-2#$L-E'#'+"#,0"*)A)*#
"D0"*'$')-2,#-A#">05-."%,#)2#1$%)-E,#)2&E,'%)",#$2&#,"*'-%,6#)'#),#)>0-%'$2'#'-#*-2,E5'#L%-$&5.#B+"2#
&",)I2)2I#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#*-E%,",<#K+"#A""&L$*M#$1$)5$L5"#'-#&$'"#,EII",',#'+$'#I%$&E$'",#$%"#"D0"*'"&#
'-#L"#$&$0')1"6#B)'+#,M)55,#'+$'#+$1"#'%$2,A"%%$L5"#$005)*$')-2#)2#&$'$6#'"*+2-5-I)",6#$2&#>"'+-&,<#
K+"%"#),#$5,-#$#A-*E,#-2#&$'$#>$2$I">"2'6#$2&#'+"#%"5$'"&#)2A-%>$')-2#$2&#M2-B5"&I"#>$2$I">"2'#
,M)55,<#Y$'$#>E,'#L"#A)2&$L5"#$2&#E,$L5"#A-%#,EL,"^E"2'#$2$5.,),#$2&#,.2'+",),/#&$'$#2-'#"AA"*')1"5.#
>$2$I"&#A%->#'+"#0-)2'#-A#*-55"*')-2#L"*->",#0%-I%",,)1"5.#>-%"#"D0"2,)1"#'-#>$2$I"<#H2"#>$S-%#
I$0#)2#"D),')2I#5)'"%$'E%"#),#+-B#'-#'%$)2#*E%%"2'#>">L"%,#-A#'+"#B-%MA-%*"#)2#&$'$#5)'"%$*.<#
[2#)>0-%'$2'#,-*)"'$5#$2&#,'E&"2'#"D0"*'$')-2#-A#0-,'(,"*-2&$%.#)2,')'E')-2,#),#'+$'#'+".#0%-&E*"#
I5-L$55.#*->0"')')1"#I%$&E$'",<#Y$'$#5)'"%$*.6#$2&#'+"#,"'#-A#5"$%2)2I#-E'*->",#'+$'#$5)I2#B)'+#&$'$#
5)'"%$*.6#),#L")2I#%"*-I2)J"&#)2'"%2$')-2$55.#$,#$#2"*",,$%.#,M)55#)2#'+"#'B"2'.(A)%,'#*"2'E%.<#!+)5"#2-'#
&),*E,,"&#)2#'+"#5)'"%$'E%"6#B"#+$1"#'+"#,"2,"#'+$'#2$')-2$55.#B"#$%"#L"+)2&#LE'#I"'')2I#'+"%"/#-E%#
&$'$#5)'"%$*.#*->0"'"2*)",#>$'%)D#),#$#,'$%')2I#0-)2'#A-%#&),*E,,)2I#2$')-2$5#,'$2&$%&,<#K"$*+)2I#&$'$#
5)'"%$*.#"$%5.#&"1"5-0,#A-E2&$')-2$5#M2-B5"&I"6#B+)*+#0%-1)&",#$#L$,),#-2#B+)*+#'-#LE)5&#
&),*)05)2$%.#-%#&->$)2#,0"*)A)*#,M)55,#$2&#$L)5)')",<#='#$5,-#"2*-E%$I",#*%-,,(&),*)05)2$%.#'+)2M)2I#$2&#
$005)*$')-2,6#B+)*+#*$2#+"50#,'E&"2',#L%"$M#-E'#-A#$*$&">)*#,)5-,6#$2&#"2$L5"#*%"$')1"#$2&#*%)')*$5#
'+)2M)2I<#4-,'(,"*-2&$%.#)2,')'E')-2,#>E,'#*-2,)&"%#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#)2#)',#2$')-2$5#*-2'"D'6#)&"2')A.#+-B#
$2&#B+"%"#"5">"2',#-A#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#$%"#L")2I#'$EI+'#)2#'+")%#"D),')2I#*-E%,",#$2&#0%-I%$>,6#
,.,'">$')*$55.#)&"2')A.#$2&#A)55#I$0,#)2#'+),#'"$*+)2I#3A)2&)2I#%-->#)2#'+")%#$*$&">)*#')>"'$L5",#$,#
2"*",,$%.;6#$2&#+"50#,'E&"2',#%"*-I2)J"#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#3$2&e-%#)',#*-2,')'E"2'#"5">"2',;#$,#$#
'%$2,A"%$L5"#,M)55<##
4

Best)Practices)for)Data)Literacy)Education)
!"#)&"2')A)"&#,"1"%$5#L",'#0%$*')*",#A-%#'"$*+)2I#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#)2#'+"#5)'"%$'E%"6#,->"#-A#B+)*+#&)AA"%#
A%->#f'%$&)')-2$5f#,'%$'"I)",#LE'#B-E5&#L"#*-2,),'"2'#B)'+#'"$*+)2I#0%$*')*",#$5%"$&.#)2#E,"#)2#0-,'(
,"*-2&$%.#)2,')'E')-2,<##
=2#$2.#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#'"$*+)2I#,*"2$%)-6#'+"#L"2"A)',#-A#&$'$6#$2&#&$'$#,M)55,6#>E,'#L"#*5"$%5.#,'$'"&#
A%->#'+"#L"I)22)2I<#K+),#),#0$%')*E5$%5.#'%E"#A-%#>)&(*$%""%#5"$%2"%,6#B+-#B)55#L"#>-%"#B)55)2I#'-#
)21",'#'+")%#5)>)'"&#')>"#$2&#"AA-%'#)A#'+".#,""#'+"#-00-%'E2)'.#'-#+"50#'+")%#*->>E2)'.6#)2&E,'%.6#
A$>)5.6#-%#-'+"%,<##
U$2&,(-2#5"$%2)2I#)2#B-%M,+-0,#$2&#5$L,#0%-1)&",#,'E&"2',#B)'+#'+"#2"*",,$%.#0%$*')*$5#"D0"%)"2*"#
2""&"&#'-#AE55.#E2&"%,'$2&#$#'"*+2)*$5#,M)55/#,'E&"2',#2""&#'+"#*+$2*"#'-#A)IE%"#-E'#0%-*",,",#$2&#
>"'+-&,#-2#'+")%#-B2#$2&#>$M"#>),'$M",#'-#%"$&SE,'#'+")%#-B2#E2&"%,'$2&)2I<#N"*+$2)*,#$%"#1"%.#
)>0-%'$2'#)2#&$'$#5)'"%$*./#0%$*')*"#),#%"^E)%"&<#N$M)2I#>),'$M",#*$2#L"#A%E,'%$')2I6#LE'#B)55#
"2*-E%$I"#*%)')*$5#'+)2M)2I#$2&#0%-L5">#,-51)2I<#
N-&E5"(L$,"&#5"$%2)2I#$55-B,#,'E&"2',#'-#$*+)"1"#5"$%2)2I#-E'*->",#)2#,'$I",6#)2#$#,.,'">$')*#B$.<#
RE**",,)1"6#-%#)'"%$')1"6#5"$%2)2I#$55-B,#,'E&"2',#'-#LE)5&#E0-2#0%"1)-E,5.#5"$%2"&#,M)55,6#
"2*-E%$I)2I#0%-*",,#-1"%#>">-%)J$')-2#-%#A-55-B)2I#%)I)&#)2,'%E*')-2,6#$2&#E5')>$'"5.#>$M)2I#
5"$%2)2I#$2#E2A$>)5)$%#*-2*"0'#>-%"#>$2$I"$L5"<#a"I)22)2I#,>$55#$2&#B-%M)2I#E0#'-#'+"#>-%"#
*->05)*$'"&#'$,M,#$55-B,#,'E&"2',#'-#+$1"#*-2A)&"2*"#)2#'+")%#$L)5)')",<##
4%-S"*'(L$,"&#5"$%2)2I#),#$#+"50AE5#B$.#'-#)>05">"2'#'+"#,E**",,)1"#5"$%2)2I#$00%-$*+<#4%-S"*',#'+$'#
)2*5E&"#$#B)&"#%$2I"#-A#)21",')I$')-2#$2&#+$1"#%"$5(B-%5&#$005)*$L)5)'.#B)55#,-5)&)A.#'+"#*-22"*')-2#
L"'B""2#0%-*",,e'+"-%.#$2&#0%$*')*"<#K+"#0%-S"*'#B)55#$55-B#"1$5E$'-%,#'+"#*+$2*"#'-#$,,",,#,M)55,#
0%$*')*$55.6#)2,'"$&#-A#A-%>$55.<##
4%-S"*',#,+-E5&#)2*5E&"#%"$5(B-%5&#&$'$6#%"5"1$2'#'-#'+"#,'E&"2',`#)2'"%",',#$2&#)2#$2#"2I$I)2I#
*-2'"D'6#2-'#SE,'#&$'$#A-%#'+"#,$M"#-A#&$'$<#=2*%"$,"&#"2I$I">"2'#)2#B-%M)2I#B)'+#&$'$#*$2#A-,'"%#
)22-1$')-26#)>0%-1"#5"$%2)2I6#$2&#)2*%"$,"#'+"#5)M"5)+--&#-A#5)A"5-2I#5"$%2)2I<#4%-S"*',#,+-E5&#-AA"%#
,'E&"2',#'+"#-00-%'E2)'.#'-#I-#AE%'+"%#'+$2#.-E#"D0"*'<#
=2'"I%$')2I#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#'"$*+)2I#)2'-#"D),')2I#,ELS"*',#'+$'#>$M"#E,"#-A#,->"#"5">"2'#-A#&$'$#
5)'"%$*.#),#$#B$.#'-#)2'"I%$'"#'+"#,.,'">$')*#$2&#A-%>$5#'"$*+)2I#-A#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#)2'-#$5%"$&.(AE55#
*E%%)*E5$<#
Research)Gaps)and)Further)Work)
K+"%"#$%"#$,0"*',#-A#&$'$#5)'"%$*.6#$2&#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#"&E*$')-26#B+)*+#$%"#2-'#$&&%",,"&#,EAA)*)"2'5.#
L.#"D),')2I#B-%M<#K+","#)2*5E&"#I"-,0$')$5#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#$2&#P=R/#,"*'-%(,0"*)A)*#$2&#)2&E,'%.(&%)1"2#
&$'$#5)'"%$*.#%"^E)%">"2',#B)'+#)20E'#A%->#-E',)&"#-A#$*$&">)*#)2,')'E')-2,/#2-#,'$2&$%&#A-%#
$,,",,)2I#-%#"1$5E$')2I#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#5"1"5,/#&$'$#,"*E%)'.#'%$)2)2I#A-%#,'E&"2',#B)'+-E'#$#*->0E'"%#
,*)"2*"#L$*MI%-E2&/#'+"#"'+)*,#-A#&$'$#$2&#&$'$(&%)1"2#&"*),)-2(>$M)2I/#$2&#+-B#'-#0%-1)&"#&$'$#
5)'"%$*.#'%$)2)2I#'-#'+"#"D),')2I#B-%MA-%*"#)2#$&&)')-2#'-#2"B#I%$&E$'",<##HE%#'"$>#B)55#*-2')2E"#
B-%M#)2#'+),#$%"$/#B"#$%"#&"1"5-0)2I#$#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#$,,",,>"2'#'--56#B"#+$1"#$005)"&#A-%#$*$&">)*#
)22-1$')-2#AE2&)2I#'-#0%-&E*"#*-E%,"#>$'"%)$5,#L$,"&#-2#'+"#%",E5',#-A#'+),#,.2'+",),6#$2&#B"#B)55#
,+$%"#'+"#M2-B5"&I"#B"`1"#,.2'+",)J"&#)2#$00%-0%)$'"#1"2E",<#K+),#%"0-%'#$2&#-'+"%#%",-E%*",#
)2'"2&"&#'-#$,,),'#)2#&$'$#5)'"%$*.#"&E*$')-2#B)55#L"#0-,'"&#'-#&$'$5)'"%$*.<*$<#
5

Table&of&Contents&
!
Key!Messages!......................................................................................................................................................!1!
Executive!Summary!...........................................................................................................................................!2!
Context!and!Strategic!Value!of!Data!Literacy!Education!.........................................................................!3!
Best!Practices!for!Data!Literacy!Education!.................................................................................................!4!
Research!Gaps!and!Further!Work!................................................................................................................!4!
Table!of!Contents!................................................................................................................................................!5!
Implications!.........................................................................................................................................................!7!
Results!................................................................................................................................................................!10!
Toward!a!Shared!Understanding!of!Data!Literacy!..................................................................................!10!
Context!and!Strategic!Value!of!Data!Literacy!Education!.......................................................................!11!
Building!a!21st!Century!Citizenry!..........................................................................................................!11!
Barriers!and!Challenges!.......................................................................................................................!12!
Canadian!Employers!and!Economy!.......................................................................................................!14!
Right!Tools,!Right!Job:!Data!Literacy!Skills!for!the!Workforce!......................................................!14!
Go!Fish:!Matching!Skills!with!Requirements!....................................................................................!15!
Making!the!Call:!Data!Management!and!Decision!Making!............................................................!15!
Barriers!and!Challenges!.......................................................................................................................!16!
Canadian!Universities!and!Graduates!...................................................................................................!17!
Team!Effort:!Collaborating!to!Deliver!Data!Literacy!Education!....................................................!17!
Barriers!and!Challenges!.......................................................................................................................!18!
Best!Practices!for!Teaching!Data!Literacy!.................................................................................................!18!
Appropriate!Timing!of!Data!Literacy!Education!.................................................................................!19!
Delivery:!From!Courses!to!Workshops!.................................................................................................!19!
Integration!of!Data!Literacy!into!Curricula!..........................................................................................!20!
Emerging!Teaching!Approaches!and!Learning!Environments!.........................................................!21!
Engaging!content!with!real!world!data!to!foster!innovation!.............................................................!21!
Successive/Iterative,!Practical,!Hands]on!Learning!.............................................................................!21!
6

Assessment!and!Evaluation!....................................................................................................................!22!
Additional!Resources!.......................................................................................................................................!23!
Further!Research/Research!Gaps!...................................................................................................................!26!
Geospatial/Temporal!Data!Management!..............................................................................................!26!
Lack!of!Agreed!Upon!Standards!and!Best!Practices!...........................................................................!26!
Data!Security!.............................................................................................................................................!27!
Data!Ethics!.................................................................................................................................................!27!
Data!Literacy!for!the!Existing!Workforce!..............................................................................................!27!
Knowledge!Mobilization!.................................................................................................................................!27!
References!..........................................................................................................................................................!29!
Appendices!........................................................................................................................................................!36!
!
!
!!!
!
!
!
!
& &
7

Context'
!"#$%#$&%'()&*#%+,%'()'*-&(%"*,+./'#"+*%-+//0*"-'#"+*%#&-$*+1+2"&3%4567389%'*(%#$&%-.&'#"+*%+,%
#.0&9%21+:'1";&(%*&#<+.=3%+,%-+//&.-&9%-+//0*"-'#"+*9%'*(%#.'*3>+.#9%#$&%,1+<%'*(%"/>+.#'*-&%+,%
"*,+./'#"+*%$'3%:&-+/&%-.0-"'1%#+%#$&%3+-"+?&-+*+/"-%<&11?:&"*2%+,%*'#"+*%3#'#&3@%7$"3%-+**&-#")"#A9%
-+0>1&(%<"#$%*&<%#&-$*+1+2"&39%$'3%'11+<&(%,+.%'%(.'/'#"-%"*-.&'3&%"*%-+11&-#"+*9%'*'1A3"39%3$'."*29%
'*(%03&%+,%('#'%4B&*#1'*(9%CDEF8@%G&)&1+>/&*#3%30-$%'3%+>&*%('#'%'*(%HI"2%G'#'J%$')&%1&(%#+%'%
,0*('/&*#'1%3$",#%"*%$+<%"*(")"(0'13%'*(%2.+0>3%>&.-&")&%'*(%0#"1";&%('#'@%
G'#'%$'3%:&-+/&%#$&%-0..&*-A%+,%#$&%*&<%HK*+<1&(2&%L-+*+/AJ9%'*(%'%-."#"-'1%(.")&.%+,%(&-"3"+*%
/'="*2%"*%:03"*&339%2+)&.*/&*#9%'*(%3+-"'1%3>$&.&3%46$"*"&*%M%I+0#"*9%CDEEN%6+<'*9%O1&*-'.9%M%
P-Q'..A9%CDERN%P"#.+)"-9%CDESN%5=&/+#+%M%P'.3$9%CDDTN%P'*("*'-$%M%Q0//&.9%CDEF8@%5**+)'#")&%
03&%+,%('#'%-'*%3&.)&%#+%"/>.+)&%3&.)"-&39%'*(%'((%)'10&%#+%&U"3#"*2%>.+(0-#3%'*(%>.+-&33&3%46+<'*9%
O1&*-'.9%M%P-Q'..A9%CDERN%Q0*#$&.9%CDDV8@%5*%#$"3%CE3#%-&*#0.A%-+*#&U#9%"#%"3%-.0-"'1%#+%6'*'('J3%3+-"+?
&-+*+/"-%<&11?:&"*2%#$'#%+0.%-"#";&*3%$')&%#$&%':"1"#A%#+%-+*#.":0#&9%"*#&.'-#%<"#$9%'*(%0*(&.3#'*(%
('#'%4P"#.+)"-9%CDES8@%5*%+#$&.%<+.(39%-"#";&*3%/03#%:&%data$literateN%:'3&(%+*%+0.%3A*#$&3"3%+,%.&3&'.-$%
#+%('#&9%<&%$')&%-.',#&(%#$&%,+11+<"*2%(&,"*"#"+*W%%
Data$literacy$is$the$ability$to$collect,$manage,$evaluate,$and$apply$data,$in$a$critical$manner.'%
5*%+.(&.%,+.%-"#";&*3%#+%&,,&-#")&1A%&*2'2&%'*(%<+.=%<"#$%('#'9%#$&A%/03#%>+33&33%=*+<1&(2&%+,%#$&%
.&X0"3"#&%#$&+.A%'*(%-+/>&#&*-"&3@%G'#'%1"#&.'-A%3$'.&3%#$&%3'/&%#$&+.&#"-'1%2.+0*("*2%'3%
"*,+./'#"+*%'*(%3#'#"3#"-'1%1"#&.'-"&39%<$"-$%'.&%+,#&*%#'02$#%'#%#$&%>+3#3&-+*('.A%1&)&1%4Y+2&*:++/9%
Y+11&.%B$"11">39%M%Y&*31&A9%CDEEN%Y0*#9%CDDRN%K+1#'A9%CDER8@%7$039%+0.%#&'/%$'3%(.',#&(%'%=*+<1&(2&%
3A*#$&3"3%:'3&(%+*%'%.&)"&<%+,%,+./'1%'*(%"*,+./'1%1"#&.'#0.&%#$'#%3&&=3%#+%0*(&.3#'*(%'*(%3$'.&%
:&3#%>.'-#"-&3%,+.%#&'-$"*2%('#'%1"#&.'-A%'#%#$&%>+3#3&-+*('.A%1&)&1@%7$&%>0.>+3&%+,%#$"3%=*+<1&(2&%
3A*#$&3"3%"3%#<+?,+1(W%
• 5(&*#",A%=&A%#$&/&39%=*+<1&(2&%2'>39%'*(%('#'%1"#&.'-A%-+.&%-+/>&#&*-"&39%3+%'3%#+%(&#&./"*&%
*&<%')&*0&3%,+.%.&3&'.-$%#$'#%-'*%:.+'(&*%+0.%(&&>&.%0*(&.3#'*("*2N%'*(%
• B.+)"(&%#$&%,+0*('#"+*'1%=*+<1&(2&%*&-&33'.A%,+.%#$&%-.&'#"+*%+,%'*%"*#.+(0-#+.A%('#'%1"#&.'-A%
-+0.3&%#$'#%-+01(%:&%#'02$#%'#%6'*'("'*%0*")&.3"#"&3@%
G'#'%1"#&.'-A%#.'*3-&*(3%'*A%3"*21&%("3-">1"*&9%'*(%"3%3#"11%'*%&/&.2"*2%-+*-&>#@%7$"3%#&'/%<'3%
'33&/:1&(%#+%>.+)"(&%&U>&.#9%#.'*3("3-">1"*'.A%"*>0#%"*%"*#&.>.&#"*2%&U"3#"*2%1"#&.'#0.&%'*(%
"(&*#",A"*2%2'>3@%%
Implications'
7$&%"/>1"-'#"+*3%+,%('#'%1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*%'#%#$&%>+3#3&-+*('.A%1&)&1%'.&%,'.?.&'-$"*2@%7$&%)+10/&%
+,%('#'%"*%#$&%<+.1(%"3%-+*#"*0"*2%#+%2.+<%'#%'*%"*-.&(":1&%.'#&@%5#%<'3%&3#"/'#&(%"*%CDEC%#$'#%ZD[%+,%
#$&%<+.1(J3%('#'%$'(%-+/&%"*#+%&U"3#&*-&%<"#$"*%#$&%>.&)"+03%#<+%A&'.3%4\&33&#9%&#%'1@9%CDER8@%7$&%
3+-"&#A%+,%#$&%CE3#%-&*#0.A%"3%'.20':1A%'%('#'%."-$%+*&@%O*A%-+0*#.A%#$'#%(+&3%*+#%$')&%'%#&-$*+1+2A%
'*(%('#'?3'))A%-"#";&*.A%<"11%01#"/'#&1A%:&%1&,#%:&$"*(%:+#$%3+-"'11A%'*(%&-+*+/"-'11A%46$"*"&*%M%
I+0#"*9%CDEEN%].2'*";'#"+*%,+.%L-+*+/"-%6+?]>&.'#"+*%'*(%G&)&1+>/&*#9%CDEFN%B&*#1'*(9%CDEF8@%
5/>1"-'#"+*3%-'*%:&%,0.#$&.%30:(")"(&(%"*#+%#$&%,+11+<"*2%/'"*%'.&'3W%%
E@ I0"1("*2%'%^$'.&(%_*(&.3#'*("*2%+,%G'#'%`"#&.'-A%
C@ 6+*#&U#%'*(%^#.'#&2"-%\'10&%+,%G'#'%`"#&.'-A%L(0-'#"+*%
C@E@ I0"1("*2%'%CE3#%6&*#0.A%6"#";&*.A%%
8

C@E@E@ `++="*2%a+.<'.(W%CE3#%6&*#0.A%7$"*="*2%"*%O-#"+*%
C@E@C@ b0#3%'*(%I+1#3W%G'#'%^="113%,+.%#$&%CE3#%6&*#0.A%
C@E@F@ I'.."&.3%'*(%6$'11&*2&3%
C@C@ 6'*'("'*%&/>1+A&.3%'*(%&-+*+/A%%
C@C@E@ c"2$#%7++139%c"2$#%d+:W%G'#'%`"#&.'-A%^="113%,+.%#$&%!+.=,+.-&%
C@C@C@ Q+%a"3$W%P'#-$"*2%^="113%<"#$%c&X0".&/&*#3%
C@C@F@ P'="*2%#$&%6'11W%G'#'%P'*'2&/&*#%'*(%G&-"3"+*%P'="*2%
C@C@R@ I'.."&.3%'*(%6$'11&*2&3%
C@F@ 6'*'("'*%0*")&.3"#"&3%'*(%2.'(0'#&3%%
C@F@E@ 7&'/%L,,+.#W%6+11':+.'#"*2%#+%G&1")&.%G'#'%`"#&.'-A%L(0-'#"+*%
C@F@C@ I'.."&.3%'*(%6$'11&*2&3%%
F@ I&3#%B.'-#"-&3%,+.%G'#'%`"#&.'-A%L(0-'#"+*%
F@E@ G&1")&.A%/&#$+(3%
F@C@ 6.&'#")&%#&'-$"*2%'>>.+'-$&3%
F@F@ ^0--&33e"#&.'#")&%1&'.*"*2%
F@R@ B.'-#"-'19%$'*(3?+*%1&'.*"*2%
F@S@ c&1&)'*-&%#+%.&'1?<+.1(%('#'%
F@f@ O33&33/&*#%'*(%L)'10'#"+*%
CE3#%6&*#0.A%6"#";&*3%'.&%-+*3"(&.&(%#+%:&%"*(")"(0'13%<$+%>+33&33%'%$"2$%-'>':"1"#A%#+%"*#&.'-#%<"#$%
'*(%0#"1";&%#&-$*+1+2A9%#$"*=%-."#"-'11A9%/'=&%-+**&-#"+*39%'*(%'>>1A%#$&3&%3="113%<"#$"*%3+-"'1%'*(%
>.+,&33"+*'1%-+*#&U#3%46$"*"&*%M%I+0#"*9%CDEEN%!'**&.9%CDES8@%G0&%#+%#$&%"*#&.-+**&-#")"#A%:.+02$#%
+*%:A%"*#&*3&%21+:'1";'#"+*9%-$'11&*2&3%,'-"*2%#$&%*&U#%-&*#0.A%<"11%"*)+1)&%/01#">1&%'-#+.39%'*(%-.+33%
("3-">1"*&3%'*(%:+.(&.3@%7$&3&%0*"X0&1A%CE3#%-&*#0.A%>.+:1&/3%<"11%.&X0".&%CE3#%-&*#0.A%#$"*="*2%
4B&*#1'*(9%CDEF8@%G'#'%1"#&.'-A%"3%-+*3"(&.&(%+*&%+,%#$&%/+3#%.&1&)'*#%'*(%g&33&*#"'1%30.)")'1%3="113%
,+.%#$&%CE3#%-&*#0.Ah%46$"*"&*%M%I+0#"*9%CDEE9%>@%T8@%5#%&*#'"13%-+/>&#&*-"&3%#$'#%3#.&*2#$&*%
"*(")"(0'13J%'>#"#0(&%#+%>.+-&33%-+/>1&U%-+2*"#")&%>.+:1&/39%"*-10("*2%#$&%':"1"#A%#+%'*'1A;&9%-.&'#&%
':3#.'-#"+*39%'*(%>.+>+3&%&,,&-#")&%3+10#"+*3%#+%3'"(%>.+:1&/3%46$"*"&*%M%I+0#"*9%CDEEN%6+<'*9%
O1&*-'.9%M%P-Q'..A9%CDERN%i&$9%j"&9%K&9%CDEE8@%G'#'%1"#&.'-A%<"11%'11+<%6'*'("'*3%#+%,011A%&*2'2&%
'*(%#'-=1&%#$&%*&<%-$'11&*2&39%#$.&'#39%'*(%+>>+.#0*"#"&3%#$'#%<"11%,'-&%6'*'('%"*%#$&%A&'.3%#+%-+/&@%%
6'*'("'*%0*")&.3"#"&3%4"*-10("*2%G'1$+03"&%_*")&.3"#A9%_*")&.3"#A%+,%]##'<'9%^"/+*%a.'3&.%
_*")&.3"#A9%i+.=%_*")&.3"#A9%cA&.3+*%_*")&.3"#A9%'*(%+#$&.38%+,,&.%3>&-"'1";&(%-+0.3&3%'*(%(&2.&&3%
.&1'#&(%#+%('#'%4&@2@%P'3#&.%+,%^-"&*-&%"*%I"2%G'#'8@%Y+<&)&.9%#$&.&%'.&%,&<%-+0.3&%+,,&."*23%'#%#$&%
0*(&.2.'(0'#&%1&)&1%#$'#%(".&-#1A%,+-03%+*%+.%&U>1"-"#1A%"*-+.>+.'#&%-+/>.&$&*3")&%('#'%1"#&.'-A%
&(0-'#"+*@%7$"3%"3%(&3>"#&%#$&%"*-.&'3&(%"/>+.#'*-&%'*(%>.&)'1&*-&%+,%.&3&'.-$%('#'%/'*'2&/&*#%
'*(%('#'%3$'."*2%<"#$"*%#$&%3+-"'1%'*(%'>>1"&(%3-"&*-&3%4G+0-&##&%M%aA,&9%CDEFN%P'.#"*%M%`&2&.?
Y+.*:A9%CDECN%!'**&.9%CDES8@%5*%+.(&.%#+%3#'A%+*%#$&%-0##"*2%&(2&%+,%.&3&'.-$%'*(%#&'-$"*2%6'*'("'*%
0*")&.3"#"&3%/03#%&*30.&%#$'#%2.'(0'#&3%'.&%&*-+0*#&."*2%#$&%-+.&%>."*-">1&3%+,%('#'%1"#&.'-A%"*#+%
#$&".%-+.&%-0.."-010/@%%
5*%'(("#"+*%#+%>.+(0-"*2%:&##&.%2.'(0'#&39%('#'%1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*%-'*%$&1>%>.+(0-&%:&##&.%3#0(&*#3%
<"#$%"/>.+)&(%1&'.*"*2%3="113%'*(%3#0(A%$':"#3@%G'#'%1"#&.'-A%"3%3#.+*21A%"*#&.#<"*&(%<"#$%'*(%3$'.&3%
+)&.1'>>"*2%-+/>&#&*-"&3%<"#$%"*,+./'#"+*9%3#'#"3#"-'19%("2"#'19%/&("'9%-+/>0#'#"+*'19%'*(%)"30'1%
1"#&.'-"&3%4Y'##<"2%&#%'1@9%CDEFN%P'-=&A%M%d'-+:3+*9%CDEE8@%7$"3%$'3%:&&*%(0::&(%/&#'1"#&.'-A%+.%
#.'*31"#&.'-A%:A%3-$+1'.3%4a.'0?P&"239%CDECN%Y'##<"2%&#%'1@9%CDEFN%P'-=&A%M%d'-+:3+*9%CDEEN%\'$&A%&#%
'1@9%CDECN%k'11&39%CDDS8@%^#0(&*#3%<$+%'.&%&U>+3&(%#+%/&#'%+.%#.'*31"#&.'-A%"*%#$&".%1&'.*"*2%<"11%:&%
9

:&##&.%&X0">>&(%#+%'>>1A%#$&".%3="113%(")&.3&1A9%"*%)'.A"*2%3&##"*239%'*(%-'..A%+0#%$"2$&.%+.(&.%
#$"*="*2%#$'#%0#"1";&3%/01#">1&%#++13%'*(%3A3#&/3%4a.'0?P&"239%CDECN%Y'##<"2%&#%'1@9%CDEFN%P'-=&A%M%
d'-+:3+*9%CDEE8@%G'#'%1"#&.'-A%"3%'%-."#"-'1%'3>&-#%+,%#$"3%':"1"#A%#+%&)'10'#&9%#&3#9%)'1"('#&9%'*(%>.+(0-&%
/&'*"*2,01%-+*#&*#%4a.'0?P&"239%CDEC8@%%
O*%"*(")"(0'1%<+01(%:&%$'.(?>.&33&(%#+%,"*(%'%>.+,&33"+*'1%>+3"#"+*%"*%#+('AJ3%<+.1(%#$'#%(+&3%*+#%
"*-10(&%<+.="*2%<"#$%('#'@%!$&#$&.%"#%"3%-+*(0-#"*2%"*#&.)"&<39%>&.,+./"*2%+:3&.)'#"+*39%,"11"*2%
3>.&'(3$&&#39%.&'("*2%-$'.#39%<+.="*2%<"#$%=&A%>&.,+./'*-&%"*("-'#+.%4KB58%('3$:+'.(39%+.%
'33&33"*2%3'1&3%"*,+./'#"+*9%*&<%2.'(0'#&3%/03#%$')&%#$&%:'3"-%3="113%#+%-+11&-#9%"*#&.>.&#9%'*'1A;&9%
&)'10'#&9%'*(%>.+(0-&%('#'%45=&/+#+%M%P'.3$9%CDDT8@%]*%'%$"2$&.%1&)&19%('#'%(.")&*%(&-"3"+*?
/'="*2%4GGGP8%'*(%'*'1A3"3%'11+<3%/'*'2&.3%#+%"(&*#",A%'-#"+*':1&%"*3"2$#3%,.+/%#$&%-+>"+03%
'/+0*#%+,%('#'%')'"1':1&%45=&/+#+%M%P'.3$9%CDDTN%P-K&*(."-=9%CDES8@%7$&3&%3="113%'.&%-.0-"'1%,+.%
>'.#"-">'#"*2%"*%#$&%=*+<1&(2&%&-+*+/A@%_#"1";"*2%('#'%&,,&-#")&1A%-'*%'13+%"/>.+)&%&,,"-"&*-A9%
.&(0-&%-+3#39%'*(%(.")&%"**+)'#")&%>.+(0-#%(&)&1+>/&*#%4P-K&*(."-=9%CDES8@%Y+<&)&.9%#$&.&%"3%
-0..&*#1A%'%2'>%"*%#$&%3="113%#$'#%&/>1+A&&3%.&X0".&9%'*(%#$+3&%#$'#%2.'(0'#&3%>+33&33@%
%O#%-0..&*#%#.'"*"*2%.'#&39%"#%"3%&3#"/'#&(%"*%#$&%_*"#&(%^#'#&3%'1+*&%#$&.&%<"11%:&%ERD9DDD%?%EZD9DDD%
/+.&%l+:3%#$'*%#.'"*&(%('#'%3-"&*#"3#3%:A%CDET%4P'*A"='%&#%'1@9%CDEE8@%7$&%P-K"*3&A%Q1+:'1%5*3#"#0#&%
,0.#$&.%&3#"/'#&3%'%E@S%/"11"+*%3$+.#,'11%+,%('#'?3'))A%4"@&@%('#'%1"#&.'#&8%'*'1A3#3%'*(%/'*'2&.3%
-'>':1&%+,%<+.="*2%<"#$%#$&%('#'%45:"(8@%]*%#$&%l+:%#.'"*"*2%-'*%+*1A%2+%3+%,'.@%IA%#&'-$"*2%('#'%
,+0*('#"+*'1%1"#&.'-A%-+/>&#&*-"&3%&'.1A%+*%"*%'%>+3#3&-+*('.A%3#0(&*#J3%'-'(&/"-%-'.&&.9%3#0(&*#3%
'.&%/+.&%1"=&1A%#+%1&'.*%1",&1+*2%3="113%#$'#%<"11%'11+<%#$&/%#+%&,,&-#")&1A%'*(%(A*'/"-'11A%<+.=%<"#$%
('#'%'*(%,011A%>'.#"-">'#&%"*%#$&%&-+*+/A%+,%#+('A9%'*(%#+/+..+<@%%
Approach'
!&%-+*(0-#&(%'%#.'*3("3-">1"*'.A%&U'/"*'#"+*%+,%&U"3#"*2%3#.'#&2"&3%'*(%:&3#%>.'-#"-&3%,+.%#&'-$"*2%
('#'%1"#&.'-A9%3A*#$&3";"*2%(+-0/&*#&(%&U>1"-"#%=*+<1&(2&%03"*2%'%*'..'#")&?3A*#$&3"3%
/&#$+(+1+2A9%"*,+./&(%:A%+0.%#.'*3("3-">1"*'.A%#&'/%<"#$%&U>&.#"3&%"*%('#'%"*%#$&".%,"&1(3@%7$"3%
>.+-&33%:&2'*%<"#$%'%3A3#&/'#"-%.&)"&<9%3&'.-$"*2%.&1&)'*#%&1&-#.+*"-%('#':'3&39%2.&A%1"#&.'#0.&9%
<$"#&%>'>&.39%'*(%2+)&.*/&*#'1%.&>+.#3%'*(%>+1"-"&3%,+.%X0'*#"#'#")&%'*(%X0'1"#'#")&%3#0("&3%#+%
(&#&./"*&%('#'%1"#&.'-A%-+/>&#&*-"&39%3="1139%'*(%':"1"#"&39%'3%<&11%'3%#&'-$"*2%>.'-#"-&3%,+.%
0*(&.2.'(0'#&%3#0(&*#3@%%
]0.%"*"#"'1%,+-03%+*%3A*#$&3";"*2%'%(&,"*"#"+*%'11+<&(%03%#+%&U>'*(%#$&%#&./"*+1+2A%03&(%"*%+0.%
3&'.-$&3@%!&%,+0*(%#$'#%H('#'%"*,+./'#"+*%1"#&.'-AJ%<'3%03&(%+,#&*%"*%.&1'#"+*%#+%+)&.1'>>"*2%
-+/>&#&*-"&3%1"=&%"*,+./'#"+*%1"#&.'-A9%'*(%#'02$#%-+*-0..&*#1AN%$+<&)&.9%"*,+./'#"+*%1"#&.'-A%"3%*+#%
<"#$"*%#$&%3-+>&%+,%+0.%.&)"&<@%O%3"/"1'.%#&./9%H('#'%/'*'2&/&*#%1"#&.'-AJ9%.&,&.3%#+%#$&%('#'%-.&'#+.9%
'3%+>>+3&(%#+%('#'%03&.3%4'*(%<'3%#$03%+,%1"/"#&(%03&8@%7$&.&%<&.&%'13+%/'*A%'.#"-1&3%<."##&*%+*%
3>&-","-9%#'.2&#&(%'.&'3%+,%('#'%1"#&.'-A9%30-$%'3%H('#'%'*'1A#"-3J@%!&%"*-10(&(%3+/&%+,%#$&3&%'.#"-1&3%"*%
+.(&.%#+%.+0*(%+0#%+0.%,+-03%+*%,+0*('#"+*'1%('#'%1"#&.'-A%-+.&%-+/>&#&*-"&3@%%
a+11+<"*2%+0.%"*"#"'1%3<&&>%<&%:&2'*%#+%*'..+<%+0.%,+-039%'*(%:&2'*%3&'.-$"*2%&1&-#.+*"-%('#':'3&3%
,+.%=&A<+.(39%"*-10("*2W%H('#'%1"#&.'m%]c%('#'%3-"&*-&%]c%('#'%3="113%]c%('#'?(.")&*%]c%('#'%3'))AJN%
H#&'-$m%]c%#.'"*m%]c%(&)&1+>m%]c%&(0-'#m%]c%"*3#.0-#mJN%'*(%0*")&.3"#A%]c%-+11&2&%]c%$"2$&.%
&(0-'#"+*%]c%>+3#?3&-+*('.AJ@%7$&%3&'.-$&3%<&.&%*'..+<&(%#+%#$&%A&'.3%CDDD?CDES9%:&-'03&%
"*,+./'#"+*%>."+.%#+%CDDD%<+01(%*+#%'--0.'#&1A%.&,1&-#%#$&%-0..&*#%#&-$*+1+2"-'19%'-'(&/"-9%'*(%
>.+,&33"+*'1%3"#0'#"+*@%%
10

7$"3%3&'.-$%>.+)&(%(",,"-01#9%:&-'03&%#$&%"*#&.("3-">1"*'.A%*'#0.&%+,%+0.%3#0(A%.&X0".&(%'%
,+0*('#"+*'1%)"&<%+,%-+/>&#&*-"&3@%`++="*2%'#%3>&-","-%("3-">1"*&3%<'3%/+.&%-$'11&*2"*2%#$'*%
$&1>,019%:0#%#$&.&%<&.&%'%,&<%('#':'3&3%#$'#%<&.&%/+3#%$&1>,01W%L:3-+Y+3#9%B.+n0&3#9%^>."*2&.`"*=9%
7'A1+.%M%a.'*-"39%'*(%5LLL@%7$"3%"3%'%.&1'#")&1A%*&<%'.&'%+,%"*#&.&3#9%'*(%#$&.&%<&.&%.&1'#")&1A%,&<%
>&&.?.&)"&<&(%'.#"-1&3%')'"1':1&%#$.+02$%#$"3%,+./'#@%!&%,0.#$&.%&U'/"*&(%#$&%:":1"+2.'>$"&3%+,%#$&%
.&1&)'*#%'.#"-1&39%<$"-$%<"(&*&(%+0.%.&301#%3&#%'*(%"*#.+(0-&(%03%#+%+.2'*";'#"+*3%'*(%"*"#"'#")&3%
'()+-'#"*2%('#'%1"#&.'-A%#+%'%)'."&#A%+,%'0("&*-&3%'*(%1&)&13@%
!&%3&'.-$&(%,+.%2.&A%1"#&.'#0.&%4*+#%>&&.?.&)"&<&(%:0#%3#"11%,+./'11A%>0:1"3$&(8%03"*2%Q++21&9%'*(%
"(&*#","&(%'.#"-1&3%'*(%<$"#&%>'>&.3@%O3%#$"3%"3%'*%&/&.2"*2%,"&1(9%<&%2&*&.'11A%,+0*(%#$'#%#$&%
<&:3"#&39%-+0.3&3%'*(%<+.=3$+>39%'*(%'33+-"'#"+*3%'*(%+.2'*";'#"+*3%<&.&%/+.&%-0..&*#@%7$&3&%
3+0.-&3%.'*2&%"*%'>>.+>."'#&*&33%,.+/%,+./'1%>0:1"3$&(%'.#"-1&3%#+%>&.3+*'1%:1+239%:0#%<&%-$+3&%
,.+/%#$&%)&.A%:&2"**"*2%#+%"*-10(&%,+./'1%'*(%"*,+./'1%1"#&.'#0.&%#+%'%-+/>.&$&*3")&%)"&<%+,%H('#'%
1"#&.'-AJ%'3%"#%"3%3&&*%#+('A@%%
!&%:.+'(&*&(%+0.%+."2"*'1%3-+>&%,+.%3&'.-$%#+%"*-10(&%3+/&%#&./3%#$'#%>.+)&(%$&1>,019%:0#%("(%*+#%
3&&/%.&1&)'*#%:&,+.&%#$&%"*"#"'1%1"#&.'#0.&%3<&&>9%"*-10("*2%H#.'*31"#&.'-AJ9%H/&#'1"#&.'-AJ9%
H-+/>0#'#"+*'1%#$"*="*2J%'*(%HCE3#%-&*#0.A%1"#&.'-"&3J@%7$&3&%#&./3%$')&%+)&.1'>>"*2%-+/>&#&*-"&39%
'*(%.&1'#&%#+%('#'%1"#&.'-A%(".&-#1A9%<"#$+0#%03"*2%#$+3&%<+.(39%:&-'03&%&'-$%-1&'.1A%3#'#&3%#$'#%
+)&.'.-$"*2%*&&(%,+.%-."#"-'1%#$"*="*29%>.+:1&/%3+1)"*29%'*(%-+//0*"-'#"+*@%O(("#"+*'11A9%<&%
"*-10(&(%'.#"-1&3%+*%#$&%3="113%2'>%"/>'-#"*2%#$&%03&%'*(%'(+>#"+*%+,%]>&*%G'#'%'*(%I"2%G'#'9%
>'.#"-01'.1A%+*%#$+3&%'.#"-1&3%(&,"*"*2%#$&%*&-&33'.A%3="113%+.%:&3#%>.'-#"-&3%,+.%"/>'.#"*2%#$+3&%3="113@%%
!&%-+11&-#&(%.&>+.#3%,.+/%>.+)"*-"'1%'*(%,&(&.'1%2+)&.*/&*#39%#+%>.+)"(&%-+*#&U#%+*%#$&%6'*'("'*%
1'*(3-'>&@%7$&%/+3#%.&-&*#%B5^O%.&>+.#%.'*=&(%]*#'."'*3%-+*3"3#&*#1A%':+)&%')&.'2&%"*%'11%1"#&.'-"&3%
:&"*2%#'02$#%K?EC@%a+.%#$"3%.&'3+*9%<&%:&1"&)&(%#$'#%03"*2%#$&".%>+1"-"&3%'*(%.&>+.#3%<+01(%>.+)"(&%'%
:&##&.9%/+.&%-+/>.&$&*3")&%'*(%#'.2&#&(%+0#1"*&%+,%'%30--&33,01%('#'%1"#&.'-A%-+.&%-+0.3&%#$'#%.&,1&-#3%
#$&%&U>&-#'#"+*3%+,%#$&%CE3#%-&*#0.A@%%
!&%>.+(0-&(%'*%'**+#'#&(%:":1"+2.'>$A%"*-10("*2%'11%+,%#$&%>'>&.3%,+0*(%'3%+,%#$&%/"(>+"*#%+,%#$"3%
>.+l&-#%4O>>&*("U%R8@%%]0.%#$&/'#"-%'*'1A3"3%+,%#$&3&%.&3+0.-&3%"3%"*-10(&(%"*%O>>&*("U%F@%
Results'
!&%$')&%+.2'*";&(%+0.%,"*("*23%,0*-#"+*'11AW%<$'#%(+%<&%=*+<%':+0#%('#'%1"#&.'-A9%'*(%<$'#%(+%<&%
&3#':1"3$%'3%'%3$'.&(%0*(&.3#'*("*2%+,%<$'#%('#'%1"#&.'-A%"3%'*(%<$"-$%-+/>&#&*-"&3%"#%"*-10(&3N%
<$'#%"3%#$&%-0..&*#%-+*#&U#%,+.%'*(%3#.'#&2"-%)'10&%+,%('#'%1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*N%'*(%,"*'11A%4'*(%/+3#%
"/>+.#'*#1A8%:&3#%>.'-#"-&3%,+.%('#'%1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*@%
Toward'a'Shared'Understanding'of'Data'Literacy'
!&%(&,"*&%('#'%1"#&.'-A%:."&,1A%'3%o#$&%':"1"#A%#+%-+11&-#9%/'*'2&9%&)'10'#&9%'*(%'>>1A%('#'9%"*%'%
-."#"-'1%/'**&.o@%7$"3%(&,"*"#"+*%<'3%3A*#$&3";&(%,.+/%(+;&*3%+,%&U"3#"*2%(&,"*"#"+*3%4'%<+.(%-1+0(%
2&*&.'#&(%,.+/%#$&3&%(&,"*"#"+*3%"3%"*%O>>&*("U%C8%'*(%.&,"*&(%:A%+0.%#&'/@%
7$"3%:."&,%(&,"*"#"+*%03&3%3&)&.'1%1+'(&(%#&./39%<$"-$%<&%03&%'3%#$&%#+>?1&)&1%+,%'%$"&.'.-$A%+,%
-+/>&#&*-"&3%'*(%#'3=3%#$'#%-+/>."3&%('#'%1"#&.'-AW%-+11&-#9%/'*'2&9%&)'10'#&9%'>>1A9%'*(%('#'@%7$&3&%
#&./3%'.&%:.+'(1A%(&,"*&(%'*(%"*-10(&%'%)'."&#A%+,%&1&/&*#3%-+*3"(&.&(%-+.&%#+%('#'%1"#&.'-A@%5*%
O>>&*("U%E9%<&%>.&3&*#%#$&%-+/>1&#&%3&#%+,%-+/>&#&*-"&3%4CF8%'*(%'33+-"'#&(%#'3=3e3="113%4fR8%"*%'%
11

G'#'%`"#&.'-A%6+/>&#&*-"&3%P'#."U9%'*(%+0.%30//'.A%#':1&%1"3#"*2%<$"-$%+,%+0.%FC%'.#"-1&3%"*-10(&(%
&'-$%-+/>&#&*-A@%
!&%*+#&%1'#&.%"*%#$"3%3A*#$&3"3%#$'#%"#%"3%"/>+.#'*#%#$'#%#$&%(&,"*"#"+*%+,%('#'%1"#&.'-A%:&%1&,#%+>&*9%'*(%
"*,+./&(%:A%&/>1+A&.39%3#0(&*#39%'*(%0*")&.3"#"&3@%!&%>.&3&*#%#$"3%G'#'%`"#&.'-A%6+/>&#&*-"&3%
P'#."U%*+#%#+%&*(%#$&%("3-033"+*9%:0#%#+%,0.#$&.%"#@%
Context'and'Strategic'Value'of'Data'Literacy'Education'
G'#'%1"#&.'-A%"3%'*%"*-.&'3"*21A%*&-&33'.A%3="119%.&X0".&(%"*%'%)'."&#A%+,%<"(&.%-+//0*"#"&39%
'-'(&/"'9%'*(%"*(03#."&3@%7$&%O33+-"'#"+*%+,%6+11&2&%'*(%c&3&'.-$%`":.'."&3%4O6c`8%>+3"#3%#$'#%
3+-"&#A%$'3%.&'-$&(%'%-."#"-'1%"*#&.3&-#"+*%:&#<&&*%3+-"&#'1e&-+*+/"-%(&/'*(%'*(%'-'(&/"-%(&/'*(%
4CDEF8@%^+-"&#A%"3%*+<%'%('#'%."-$%&*)".+*/&*#9%'*(%('#'%3="113%&U#&*(%#+%'11%-"#";&*39%#$.+02$+0#%'11%
1&)&13%+,%3+-"&#A%4P'A-+##&9%CDERN%P"#.+)"-9%CDER8@%5#%"3%:&-+/"*2%"*-.&'3"*21A%"/>+.#'*#%,+.%#$&%
&)&.A('A%>&.3+*%#+%$')&%#$&%3="11%#+%("3#"*20"3$%:&#<&&*%H2++(J%'*(%H:'(J%.&>.&3&*#'#"+*3%+,%('#'%
47<"*('1&9%I1'=&9%M%Q.'*#9%CDEFN%'*(%^<'*9%\'$&A9%K.'#-+3="9%)'*%H#%Y++,#9%c','*'*9%M%^#'*,+.(9%
CDDZ8@%O-'(&/"'%"3%:&2"**"*2%#+%.&-+2*";&%#$&%*&-&33"#A%+,%>.&>'."*2%#$&".%2.'(0'#&3%<"#$%/+.&%
('#'?:'3&(%3="113%,+.%#$&%<+.=,+.-&9%'*(%3+-"&#A%'3%'%<$+1&9%<$"-$%"3%"*-.&'3"*21A%('#'?-&*#&.&(%
4K+1#'A9%CDERN%'*(%Q0*#&.9%CDDV8@%B.+)"("*2%2.'(0'#&3%<"#$%,+0*('#"+*'1%=*+<1&(2&%+,%('#'%1"#&.'-A%
'11+<3%,+.%#$+3&%3#0(&*#3%&*#&."*2%#$&%CE3#%-&*#0.A%<+.=,+.-&%#+%'>>1A%(")&.3&%3="113%#+%'%)'."&#A%+,%
3"#0'#"+*3@%5*(03#.A%,&&(:'-=%$'3%'13+%>.+)"(&(%"*3"2$#%"*#+%<$'#%3="113%'.&%)'10&(%"*%#$&%<+.=,+.-&9%
'*(%#$&%+)&.<$&1/"*2%.&3>+*3&%<'3%,+-03&(%+*%('#'?.&1'#&(%3="113%4Y'.."39%CDECN%Y09%CDECN%'*(%
K+1#'A9%CDER8@%%
5*%#$"3%3&-#"+*9%<&%&U'/"*&%#$&3&%3#'=&$+1(&.3%"*%/+.&%(&#'"1W%3+-"&#A%4:A%0*(&.3#'*("*2%#$&%CE3#%
-&*#0.A%-"#";&*8N%&/>1+A&.3%'*(%#$&%&-+*+/AN%'*(%3#0(&*#3%'*(%0*")&.3"#"&3@%
Building'a'21st'Century'Citizenry''
CE3#%-&*#0.A%-$'11&*2&3%.&X0".&%CE3#%-&*#0.A%3="113@%7$&3&%3="113%-'*%:&%/+.&%'--0.'#&1A%(&3-.":&(%'3%
<'A3%+,%#$"*="*2%4&@2@%-."#"-'1%#$"*="*29%>.+:1&/?3+1)"*29%'*(%-+/>0#'#"+*'1%#$"*="*28@%7$&.&%$'3%
:&&*%'%3$",#%"*%>&.3>&-#")&%,.+/%1&'.*"*2%,'-#39%#+%'-X0"."*2%"*X0".A%3="113N%#$&3&%3+,#%3="113%-'*%:&%
(",,"-01#%#+%-01#")'#&9%:0#%'.&%*&-&33'.A%,+.%30--&33%"*%#$&%CE3#%-&*#0.A9%'*(%'*%"*-.&'3"*21A%('#'%
(.")&*%3+-"&#A%4B&*#1'*(9%CDEFN%^<'*9%&#%'1@9%CDDZN%i&$9%j"&9%M%K&9%CDEEN%I+A1&39%CDECN%c+/'*"9%CDDZN%
'*(%BCE9%CDEC8@%Y0/'*3%'.&%3+-"'1%:A%*'#0.&9%'*(%/'="*2%#$&%-+**&-#"+*%:&#<&&*%$0/'*%:&$')"+0.%
'*(%3+-"&#'1%"*#&.'-#"+*3%-'*%"*-.&'3&%>.+(0-#")"#A9%"**+)'#"+*9%'*(%-.&'#")"#A%4B&*#1'*(9%CDEFN%
!A*&.9%CDEFN%L.<"*9%CDESN%'*(%`"X0&#&9%CDEC89%'3%<&11%'3%:."(2&%#$&%2'>%:&#<&&*%':3#.'-#%'*(%.&'1"#A9%
#$&.&:A%$&1>"*2%#$&%1&'.*"*2%>.+-&33@%%
6."#"-'1%#$"*="*2%"3%"*#&2.'1%"*%#$"3%>.+-&33%'*(%"3%-+*3"(&.&(%'%-")"-%3="119%'3%<&11%'3%+*&%+,%#$&%
,+0*('#"+*3%,+.%CE3#%-&*#0.A%#$"*="*2%'*(%('#'%1"#&.'-A%4B&*#1'*(9%CDEFN%'*(%^<'*9%&#%'1@9%CDDZ8@%
6"#";&*3J%':"1"#A%#+%'3=%#$&%."2$#%X0&3#"+*39%&)'10'#&%,"*("*239%'*(%:&%-."#"-'1%+,%-+*-&>#39%-1'"/39%'*(%
'.20/&*#3%"3%&33&*#"'19%'*(%#$&%:'3"3%,+.%30--&33%"*%#$&%CE3#%-&*#0.A%4d+$*3+*9%CDECN%K+1#'A9%CDESN%
Q0*#&.9%CDDVN%^-$"&1(9%CDDRN%I0.(&##&9%CDEDN%'*(%`"X0&#&9%CDEC8@%7$"3%"3%&3>&-"'11A%#.0&%3"*-&%#$&%
&U>1+3"+*%+,%0*-0.'#&(%"*,+./'#"+*%>&.>&#0'#&(%:A%#$&%+*3&#%+,%!&:%C@D@%%
G0&%"*%>'.#%#+%#$"3%/'33")&%'*(%-+*#"*0+03%,1+<%+,%"*,+./'#"+*9%>.+:1&/?3+1)"*2%"3%*+%1+*2&.%#$&%'-#%
+,%/'="*2%3"/>1&%1+2"-'1%(&-"3"+*3N%"#%$'3%&)+1)&(%"*#+%'%3&."&3%+,%-+/>1&U%"330&39%+,#&*%<"#$%/01#">1&%
1'A&.3@%7$&%#A>&%+,%&1&)'#&(%#$"*="*2%.&X0".&(%#+%#'-=1&%#$&3&%"330&3%"3%"*%"*-.&'3"*2%(&/'*(%
12

#$.+02$+0#%3+-"&#A%'*(%"*(03#.A@%7$&%=*+<1&(2&?:'3&(%&-+*+/A%.&X0".&3%>&+>1&%#+%:&%':1&%#+%
*')"2'#&%(",,"-01#%3"#0'#"+*3%"*%(")&.3&%<'A39%<$"-$%"3%-$'11&*2"*29%:0#%-."#"-'1%#+%30--&33%"*%#$&%CE3#%
-&*#0.A%4`"X0&#&9%CDECN%Q0*#&.9%CDDVN%'*(%L.<"*9%CDES8@%%
6+/>0#'#"+*'1%7$"*="*2%4678%"*-+.>+.'#&3%'%1&)&1%+,%:+#$%-."#"-'1%#$"*="*2%'*(%>.+:1&/%3+1)"*29%'*(%
/0-$%/+.&@%!"*2%(&3-.":&3%#$&%,0*('/&*#'1%-+*-&>#3%'3%3+1)"*2%>.+:1&/39%(&3"2*"*2%3A3#&/39%'*(%
0*(&.3#'*("*2%$0/'*%:&$')"+0.@%5#%"*)+1)&3%3-"&*-&9%/'#$9%'*(%&*2"*&&."*2%'3%(.")&.3%"*%#$&%
g>03$e>011h%1++>W%g3-"&*#","-%("3-+)&.A%,&&(3%#&-$*+1+2"-'1%"**+)'#"+*9%<$"-$%,&&(3%*&<%3+-"&#'1%
'>>1"-'#"+*3N%"*%#$&%.&)&.3&%(".&-#"+*9%*&<%#&-$*+1+2A%"*3>".&3%*&<%-.&'#")&%3+-"&#'1%"330&39%<$"-$%
/'A%(&/'*(%*&<%3-"&*#","-%("3-+)&.Ah%4CDDT9%>@%FVCC8@%i&$9%j"&9%'*(%K&9%4CDEE8%'3%<&11%'3%d+$*3+*9%&#%
'1@9%4CDES8%2+%,0.#$&.%"*%&U>1'"*"*2%#$'#%#'3=3%'.&%2.+<"*2%"*%3-+>&%'*(%-+/>1&U"#A9%'*(%67%3="113%'.&%
)&.A%03&,01%"*%*')"2'#"*2%#$.+02$%#$&3&%$"2$?+.(&.%>.+:1&/3@%%
]#$&.%#.'*3,&.':1&%3="113%.&1'#&(%#+%67%30-$%'3%-."#"-'1%#$"*="*2%'*(%>.+:1&/?3+1)"*2%&*-+0.'2&%
&*2'2&/&*#9%<$"-$%/+#")'#&3%"*(")"(0'13%#+%:&%-.&'#")&%'*(%-0."+039%>.+)"("*2%,+0*('#"+*3%,+.%
1",&1+*2%1&'.*"*2@%B&+>1&%'.&%/0-$%/+.&%1"=&1A%#+%:&-+/&%1",&1+*2%1&'.*&.3%",%#$&A%'.&%&*2'2&(%"*%
"*X0".A%#$'#%"*#&.&3#%#$&/9%"/>'-#%#$&/9%+.%.&1'#&%#+%&)&.A('A%1",&%4L.<"*9%CDESN%I0.(&##&9%CDEDN%'*(%
!A*&.9%CDEF8@%6+*#.":0#"*2%#+%3+-"&#A%'*(%3+1)"*2%.&'1%>.+:1&/3%&,,&-#")&1A%>.+)"(&3%"*(")"(0'13%
<"#$%'*'1A#"-'1%3="113%#+%03&%#$.+02$+0#%#$&".%-'.&&.@%
B.+l&-#?:'3&(%1&'.*"*2%4BI`89%<"#$%/01#">1&%1&)&13%+,%("3-+)&.A9%"3%'%2.&'#%<'A%,+.%>&+>1&%'*(%
3#0(&*#3%#+%1&'.*%('#'%1"#&.'-A@%_#"1";"*2%#$&".%CE3#%-&*#0.A%3="1139%BI`%<"#$%.&'1?<+.1(%('#'%&*2'2&3%
"*(")"(0'13%"*%$"2$&.%+.(&.%#$"*="*29%-+**&-#3%>.+-&(0.&%#+%>.'-#"-&9%'*(%$&1>3%:."(2&%#$&%2'>%
:&#<&&*%1&'.*"*2%,'-#3%'*(%'-X0"."*2%"*X0".A%3="1139%-."#"-'1%.&'3+*"*29%'.20/&*#'#"+*9%'*(%
-+//0*"-'#"+*%4!A*&.9%CDEFN%c+/'*"9%CDDZN%L.<"*9%CDESN%'*(%^<'*9%&#%'1@9%CDDZ8@%%
7<"*('1&9%I1'=&9%'*(%Q.'*#%#'=&%#$"3%,0.#$&.9%&U>1'"*"*2%#$'#%('#'%1"#&.'-A%-'*%"/>.+)&%-"#";&*%
&*2'2&/&*#%"*%#$&%(&/+-.'#"-%>.+-&339%'3%<&11%'3%$&1>%#$&/%0*(&.3#'*(%'*(%>'.#"-">'#&%"*%('#'?
(.")&*%(&-"3"+*?/'="*2%>.+-&33&3%4CDEF8@%]*#'."+J3%Q.&&*%I0##+*%5*"#"'#")&9%<$&.&:A%-"#";&*3%-'*%
'--&33%#$&".%&*&.2A%03'2&%('#'%+*1"*&%"3%'*%.&'1?1",&%&U'/>1&%+,%$+<%('#'%1"#&.'#&%03&.3%-'*%&U>1+.&%
+>>+.#0*"#"&3%#+%3')&%'*(%/"*"/";&%#$&".%,++#>."*#%4CDES8@%G'#'%1"#&.'-A%'11+<3%,+.%('#'%#+%:&%'*%
&)&.A('A%:&*&,"#%#+%&)&.A+*&@%`"##1&l+$*%^$"*(&.%>0#3%&/>$'3"3%+*%#$&%-+**&-#"+*%:&#<&&*%
=*+<1&(2&%'*(%>+<&.9%'*(%3#'#&3%#$'#%#$&%=*+<1&(2&%+,%$+<%#+%(&'1%<"#$%('#'%/'A%:&%+*&%+,%#$&%
/+3#%>+<&.,01%<&'>+*3%>.+,&33"+*'13%4'*(%&)&.A+*&8%-'*%$')&%4CDEF9%>'.'@%T8@%%
Barriers$and$Challenges$
G&3>"#&%#$&%'.20/&*#3%,+.%('#'%1"#&.'-A%:&"*2%'%*&-&33"#A%"*%#$&%CE3#%-&*#0.A9%#$&.&%'.&%3&)&.'1%
:'.."&.3%"/>&("*2%>.+2.&33@%a".3#%"3%3+-"&#AJ3%/"3-+*-&>#"+*%#$'#%>&+>1&%:+.*%>+3#?EZTF9%.&,&..&(%#+%
'3%H("2"#'1%*'#")&3J%+.%#$&%H*&#%2&*&.'#"+*J9%$')&%"*$&.&*#%#&-$*+1+2"-'1%3="113%'*(%':"1"#"&3N%"*%.&'1"#A%
#$&.&%"3%'%-+/>1&U%'*(%(")&.3&%.'*2&%+,%3="113%"*%#$&3&%3#0(&*#39%<$"-$%.&X0".&3%,+./'1%&(0-'#"+*%#+%
:."(2&%#$&%2'>3%4d+*&39%c'/'*'09%6.+33%M%Y&'1"*29%CDDZN%7$+/>3+*9%CDECN%'*(%c+/'*"9%CDDZ8@%7$"3%
/"3-+*-&>#"+*%$'3%.&301#&(%"*%'%/'l+.%3="113%2'>%"*%"*(03#.A%4P'*A"='9%&#%'1@9%CDEE89%'*(%#$&%('0*#"*2%
.&'1";'#"+*%#$'#%#$"3%/03#%:&%.&/&("&(@%%
P+.&+)&.9%<"#$%1"##1&%#+%*+%,+./'1%&(0-'#"+*9%>&+>1&%'1.&'(A%"*%#$&%<+.=,+.-&%'.&%&U>&-#&(%#+%3&&=%
>.'-#"-'1%=*+<1&(2&%'*(%3="113%+0#%"*(&>&*(&*#1A%#$.+02$%'1#&.*'#")&%')&*0&39%-.&'#"*2%("3>'."#A%"*%
>.'-#"-&%'3%<&11%'3%:.&'(#$%+,%=*+<1&(2&%'##'"*&(%4G+0-&##&%M%aA,&9%CDEFN%'*(%7&'19%6.'*3#+*9%`'>>9%
!$"#&9%!"13+*9%c'/%M%B'<1"=9%CDES8@%c+/'*"%'33&.#3%#$'#%>&+>1&%,.&X0&*#1A%.'*=%#$&/3&1)&3%$"2$&.%
13

+*%3&1,?&)'10'#"+*%+,%3="1139%:0#%'-#0'11A%.'*=%1+<&.%"*%.&'1"#A%4CDDZ8@%7$&%3-+>&9%X0'1"#A9%'*(%
')'"1':"1"#A%+,%.&3+0.-&3%"3%'%-$'11&*2&%#+%3&1,?1&'.*&.3%'3%<&11N%'3%6'.13+*9%d+$*3+*%M%!&3#.'%,+0*(%
3&1,?(".&-#&(%1&'.*"*2%#$.+02$%#."'1%'*(%&..+.%+,#&*%.&301#3%"*%,+-03"*2%+*%/&-$'*"-3%.'#$&.%#$'*%
-+*-&>#3%4CDEF8@%^&&="*2%+0#%'(("#"+*'1%1&'.*"*2%$'3%)'10&9%:0#%.&"*)&*#"*2%#$&%<$&&1%-'*%:&%
<'3#&,01%'*(%&U>&*3")&@%7$&%("3>'."#A%"*%3="113%"3%'%."3=%#+%3+-"&#A%2+"*2%,+.<'.(@%%
7$&%2&*&.'1%*&&(%#+%&(0-'#&%#$&%6'*'("'*%>+>01'#"+*%':+0#%('#'%"3%*+#%'%*&<%>$&*+/&*+*N%,+.%
&U'/>1&9%#$&.&%$')&%:&&*%"*"#"'#")&3%#$.+02$+0#%6'*'('%&*-+0.'2"*2%>0:1"-%03&%+,%+>&*%('#'@%]>&*%
G'#'%'*(%I"2%G'#'%'.&%-+//+*%#&./3%"*%'-'(&/"-%-".-1&3%'*(%#$&%2&*&.'1@%7$"3%"3%"*%>'.#%(0&%#+%#$&%
>.+/"3&%'*(%':"1"#A%#+%-.&'#&%#.'*3>'.&*-A9%'*(%#$&%>+#&*#"'1%#+%2'"*%"*3"2$#3%"*#+%>'##&.*39%#.&*(39%
'*(%.&1'#"+*3$">3%#+%>.&("-#%:&$')"+0.3@%7$&%+>>+.#0*"#A%,+.%("3-+)&.A%'*(%+>#"/";"*2%+,%.'<%('#'%
#$.+02$%+>&*%('#'%'*(%:"2%('#'%<"11%+*1A%-+*#"*0&%#+%2.+<%4`"##1&l+$*%^$"*(&.9%CDEFN%P-O01'A9%
c'$&/#011'9%Q+01("*29%M%^+0-$9%CDEDN%6+<'*9%O1&*-'.%M%P-Q'..A9%CDERN%'*(%P'*A"='9%6$0"9%
I.+<*9%I02$"*9%c+U:+.+02$%M%Y0*2%IA&.39%CDEE8N%$+<&)&.9%/'*A%>&+>1&%(+%*+#%$')&%#$&%3="113%
*&-&33'.A%#+%&*2'2&%<"#$%('#'%"*%#$"3%<'A%4P"#.+)"-9%CDES8@%7$&%L*)".+*/&*#%6+//"33"+*&.%+,%
]*#'."+%>0:1"3$&(%'%(&#'"1&(%.&>+.#%+*%#$"3%:'.."&.%<"#$%3&)&.'1%>&.3>&-#")&3%,.+/%&/>1+A&.3%'-.+33%
/01#">1&%3&-#+.3%.&>+.#"*2%#$"3%,'-#9%'*(%'.20"*2%,+.%2+)&.*/&*#%30>>+.#%,+.%('#'%1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*9%
:0#%"#%(+&3%*+#%&U"3#%A&#9%'*(%$'3%:&&*%31+<%#+%(&)&1+>%4CDES8@%7$"3%/03#%:&%'%>."+."#A%,+.%
2+)&.*/&*#9%'*(%3$+01(%:&%(+*&%"*%-+11':+.'#"+*%<"#$%&(0-'#"+*%3A3#&/3%#+%&*30.&%-+*3"3#&*#%
&(0-'#"+*%'-.+33%("3-">1"*&3%'*(%"*3#"#0#"+*3@%%
O%3022&3#"+*%#+%:."(2&%#$&%2'>%"*%,+./'1%&(0-'#"+*%"*-10(&3%"*-&*#")";"*2%1&'.*"*2%,+.%#$&%6'*'("'*%
>+>01'#"+*@%7$"3%<+01(%"*)+1)&%-+0.3&3%#$'#%'.&%*+*?-.&("#%:'3&(%4d+$*3#+*%M%d&,,.A&39%CDERN%
^-$*&"(&.9%CDEFN%'*(%O6c`9%CDER89%:0#%#$'#%$')&%'*%"*("-'#+.%+,%=*+<1&(2&%2'"*&(@%7$"3%<+01(%:&%
/+3#%&,,&-#")&%",%#$&.&%<&.&%>.&(&#&./"*&(%3#'*('.(3%'*(%3="11%1&)&13@%]0.%6+/>&#&*-"&3%P'#."U%
>.+)"(&3%'%:'3&%,+.%3="11%1&)&13%-+*-&.*"*2%('#'%1"#&.'-A9%'*(%-+01(%'-#%'3%'*%&,,&-#")&%.&,&.&*-&%,+.%
3#'*('.(3%:&"*2%(&)&1+>&(@%6`Op%"3%'*%O/&."-'*%'33&33/&*#%"*3#.0/&*#%#$'#%>.+)"(&3%03&.3%<"#$%
#$&%+>#"+*%#+%$')&%'%-&.#","-'#&%<"#$%.&301#3%4CDES89%#+%("3#.":0#&%#+%&/>1+A&.39%<$"-$%<"11%$"2$1"2$#%
#$&%3="113%#$'#%'.&%"/>+.#'*#%"*%#$&%CE3#%-&*#0.A%<+.=,+.-&@%%
7$&%:&*&,"#3%+,%('#'%'.&%>+#&*#"'11A%<"(&%.&'-$"*29%:0#%-'**+#%:&%'-$"&)&(%:.+'(1A%",%"*(")"(0'13%"*%
6'*'("'*%3+-"&#A%'.&%*+#%-'>':1&%+,%<+.="*2%<"#$%('#'@%a+.%-+*-&>#3%1"=&%]>&*%'*(%I"2%G'#'%#+%
:&-+/&%.&'1%'*(%/&'*"*2,019%-"#";&*3%/03#%:&%&(0-'#&(%*+#%+*1A%"*%#$&%>.'-#"-'1%03&3%+,%('#'9%:0#%
<$'#%:&*&,"#3%"#%>.+)"(&3%>&.3+*'11A%'*(%-+//0*'11A@%7$&A%/03#%:&%-'>':1&%+,%#$"*="*2%-."#"-'11A%
':+0#%#$&%('#'%#$&A%'.&%>.&3&*#&(@%^+-"&#A%"3%/'(&%0>%+,%/'*A%)'."&#"&3%+,%>&+>1&9%'*(%"#%3$+01(%:&%
.&-+2*";&(%#$'#%#$&.&%"3%("3>'."#A%:&#<&&*%3+-"'19%&-+*+/"-9%'*(%-01#0.'1%:'-=2.+0*(3%<$"-$%/03#%
:&%'((.&33&(%:&,+.&%I"2%G'#'%'*(%]>&*%G'#'%-'*%,011A%.&'1";&%#$&".%>+#&*#"'1%46;&.='<3="%M%`A/'*9%
CDES8@%Q0.3#&"*%4CDEE8%'*(%P"#.+)"-%4CDES8%2+%,0.#$&.9%'.20"*2%#$'#%",%#$&%>0:1"-%&(0-'#"+*%'*(%'--&33%
"3%*+#%'((.&33&(%#$&.&%<"11%:&%'*%&)&.%<"(&*"*2%H('#'%(")"(&J%"*%3+-"&#AN%.&3+0.-&3%'*(%3="113%'.&%
:&"*2%("3#.":0#&(%#+%#$&%>&+>1&%<$+%'1.&'(A%$')&%'--&33%#+%#$&/@%7$&3&%'0#$+.3%'.20&%#$'#%#$&.&%
3$+01(%:&%3>&-"'1%'##&*#"+*%>.+)"(&(%#+%-+//0*"#"&3%"*%>+)&.#A@%%
O*+#$&.%-$'11&*2&%#+%('#'%"*%3+-"&#A%"3%'--&33@%G'#'%"3%>0:1"3$&(%"*%3+%/'*A%>1'-&3%'*(%,+./'#39%
<$"-$%/'=&3%"#%(",,"-01#%#+%,"*(%'*(%03&%46+<'*9%O1&*-'.%M%P-Q'..A9%CDER8@%B&+>1&%'.&%1&33%1"=&1A%#+%
#'=&%'()'*#'2&%+,%#$&%:&*&,"#3%('#'%$'3%#+%+,,&.%",%#$&A%/03#%-$&-=%3&)&.'1%(",,&.&*#%3+0.-&3%.&201'.1A%
#+%>.+(0-&%'--0.'#&%.&301#3@%O(("#"+*'11A9%('#'%"3%+,#&*%>0:1"3$&(%"*%'.&'3%#$'#%#$&%&)&.A%>&.3+*%
<+01(%*&)&.%#$"*=%#+%1++=9%30-$%'3%(&*3&%'-'(&/"-%l+0.*'13%+.%<"#$"*%+:3-0.&%<&:3"#&3%#$'#%'.&%*+#%
14

03&.%,."&*(1A%4P"11&.9%CDES8@%7$&.&%"3%'13+%#$&%."3=%#$'#%)+10/&3%+,%]>&*%G'#'%<"11%:&%03&(%#+%+:3-0.&%
#$&%/+3#%"/>+.#'*#%('#'@%O((.&33"*2%#$&3&%-$'11&*2&3%"3%*&-&33'.A%#+%'11+<%'%>.+3>&.+03%'*(%
30--&33,01%=*+<1&(2&%&-+*+/A%#+%(&)&1+>@%
Canadian'Employers'and'Economy'
7&'-$"*2%('#'%1"#&.'-A%'#%#$&%>+3#3&-+*('.A%1&)&1%$'3%,'.?.&'-$"*2%"/>1"-'#"+*3%,+.%6'*'("'*%
&/>1+A&.39%-+/>'*"&39%'*(%#$&%&-+*+/A%'3%'%<$+1&@%O#%"#3%-+.&9%('#'%$'3%'1<'A3%:&&*%'%-.0-"'1%
(.")&.%+,%(&-"3"+*?/'="*2%"*%#$&%:03"*&33%<+.1(%'*(%#$&%1'.2&.%&-+*+/"-%3A3#&/@%Y+<&)&.9%<"#$%#$&%
-+*#"*0"*2%3$",#%#+<'.(%g=*+<1&(2&9%3&.)"-&9%'*(%"*,+./'#"+*%:'3&(%'-#")"#"&3h%"*%+0.%CE3#%-&*#0.A%
&-+*+/A9%#$&%':"1"#A%+,%,"./3%#+%g-.&'#&%'*(%-+//&.-"'1";&%=*+<1&(2&%$'3%:&-+/&%#'*#'/+0*#%#+%"#3%
':"1"#A%#+%2&*&.'#&%303#'"*':1&%.&#0.*3h%4I+A1&39%CDEC9%>@%RE8@%P+.&+)&.9%3+-"&#A%*+<%(&/'*(3%
#<&*#A?,+0.%$+0.%'%('A%gEDD%>&.-&*#%.&1"':"1"#A9%EDD%>&.-&*#%-+**&-#")"#A9%"*3#'*#'*&+03%.&3>+*3&9%
#$&%':"1"#A%#+%3#+.&%'*A#$"*2%'*(%&)&.A#$"*2%,+.&)&.9%'*(%#$&%':"1"#A%,+.%'*A+*&%#+%'--&33%'*A#$"*2%
,.+/%'*A<$&.&%'#%'*A%#"/&h%4!"*29%CDDT9%>@%FVCF8@%%
Right$Tools,$Right$Job:$Data$Literacy$Skills$for$the$Workforce$
5#%"3%-."#"-'1%,+.%6'*'("'*%-+/>'*"&3%#+%>+33&33%#$&%-'>':"1"#A%#+%3="11,011A%-+11&-#9%'22.&2'#&9%3&'.-$9%
/'*'2&9%'*(%'*'1A;&%/'33")&%('#'%3&#3%"*%+.(&.%#+%3#'A%-+/>&#"#")&%4K+1#'A9%CDERN%P-K&*(."-=9%
CDES8@%7$"3%3'/&%('#'9%",%$'.*&33&(%>.+>&.1A9%-'*%:&%03&(%#+%"/>.+)&%<+.=,1+<%&,,"-"&*-A9%,+3#&.%
"**+)'#")&%#$"*="*2%'*(%-.&'#")"#A9%'*(%"/>.+)&%>.+:1&/?3+1)"*2%:A%&/>+<&."*2%&/>1+A&&3%<"#$%
'-#"+*':1&9%."-$%"*,+./'#"+*%4I+A1&39%CDECN%Q0*#$&.9%CDDVN%P-K&*(."-=9%CDESN%B&*#1'*(9%CDEF8@%5#%"3%
-1&'.%#$'#%('#'%"3%*+%1+*2&.%#$&%*"-$&%+,%&-+*+/"3#3%+.%3#'#"3#"-"'*3@%O11%>.+,&33"+*'13%/03#%$')&%#$&%
-+/>&#&*-"&3%#+%<+.=%<"#$%('#'9%'*(%(&-"3"+*?/'=&.3%/03#%$')&%#$&%=*+<1&(2&%#+%&,,&-#")&1A%
0*(&.3#'*(%"#9%'*(%0#"1";&%"#%4G')&*>+.#%M%K"/9%CDEFN%P-K&*(."-=9%CDESN%B.A+.%M%G+**&11A9%CDDZ8@%5*%
3$+.#9%<&%/03#%$')&%'%('#'%1"#&.'#&%<+.=?,+.-&@%%
6+*-&>#0'11A9%('#'%1"#&.'-A%.&X0".&3%-."#"-'1%#$"*="*29%2'"*"*2%=*+<1&(2&%,.+/%':3#.'-#"+*9%'*(%
'>>1"-'#"+*%+,%.&301#3%4Q0*#&.9%CDDVN%n"*%M%GJ52*';"+9%CDED:8@%7$"3%-."#"-'19%'*(%+,#&*%':3#.'-#%
.&'3+*"*2%"3%3"/"1'.%#+%-+/>0#'#"+*'1%#$"*="*2%4!"*29%CDDT8@%6+/>0#'#"+*'1%#$"*="*2%"*)+1)&3%
g(&,"*"*2%':3#.'-#"+*39%<+.="*2%<"#$%/01#">1&%1'A&.3%+,%':3#.'-#"+*%'*(%0*(&.3#'*("*2%#$&%
.&1'#"+*3$">3%'/+*2%#$&%(",,&.&*#%1'A&.3h%4!"*29%CDDT9%>@%FVET8@%G'#'%"*%"#3&1,%"3%:A%*'#0.&%'*%
':3#.'-#"+*9%'*(%"3%+*1A%03&':1&%",%'*%"*(")"(0'1%-'*%0*(&.3#'*(%$+<%"#%.&1'#&3%#+%+#$&.%"*,+./'#"+*%
"*%#$&%<"(&.%<+.1(@%7$"3%':"1"#A%#+%0*(&.3#'*(%-+/>1&U%.&1'#"+*3$">3%'*(%-+**&-#"+*3%,0.#$&.%
&*$'*-&3%-'>'-"#A%,+.%-0."+3"#A%'*(%(&&>%#$"*="*2%4G')&*>+.#%M%B'#"19%CDEC8@%a+.%&U'/>1&9%'*'1A3"3%
+,%I"2%G'#'%-'*%>.+)"(&%"*3"2$#%"*#+%#$&%,0*-#"+*"*2%+,%3+-"&#A%"*)+1)"*2%#$&%,1+<%+,%"(&'3%'*(%
"*,+./'#"+*%4B&*#1'*(9%CDEF8@%a+.%:03"*&339%#$"3%"*3"2$#%"*#+%"*,+./'#"+*%,1+<3%-'*%#.'*31'#&%"*#+%
#"/&1A%"*,+./'#"+*%2'#$&."*29%/+.&%&,,"-"&*#%3A3#&/%/+*"#+."*29%'*(%,'-"1"#'#"+*%+,%#$&%3>.&'(%+,%
"(&'3%#$'#%g,+./%#$&%:'3"3%+,%"**+)'#"+*h%4B&*#1'*(9%CDEF9%>@%C8@%%
5*%+.(&.%#+%:0"1(%0>%#$&%-+2*"#")&%':"1"#"&3%#+%&,,&-#")&1A%<+.=%<"#$%('#'9%('#'%1"#&.'-A%"*3#.0-#"+*%
/03#%,'-"1"#'#&%+>>+.#0*"#"&3%#+%3+1)&%-+/>1&U%>.+:1&/3%-."#"-'11A9%03"*2%$"2$&.?+.(&.%#$"*="*2%
4Q0*#&.9%CDDV8@%7$"3%.&X0".&3%:0"1("*2%'*%"*,+./'#"+*e('#'%-01#0.&%<"#$"*%#$&%2")&*%>+3#?3&-+*('.A%
3&##"*2@%O*%+.2'*";'#"+*%<"#$%'*%"*,+./'#"+*e('#'%-01#0.&%"3%+*&%#$'#%)'10&3%('#'9%0#"1";&3%"#%"*%"#3%
+<*%+>&.'#"+*39%,+3#&.3%"**+)'#"+*9%'*(%>.+)"(&3%#$&%*&-&33'.A%#++13%'*(%'#/+3>$&.&%,+.%3#0(&*#3%#+%
&*2'2&%<"#$%/'#&."'1%"*%'%/&'*"*2,01%/'**&.%4d+$*3+*%&#%'19%CDES8@%%5*%#$"3%#A>&%+,%&*)".+*/&*#9%
,+./'1%'*(%"*,+./'1%1&'.*"*2%/&#$+(3%3$+01(%:&%0#"1";&(9%<$"-$%&*,+.-&3%#$&%"(&'%#$'#%3#0(&*#3%
/03#%:&%':1&%#+%'('>#%#+%*&<%-$'11&*2&3%'*(%"**+)'#&%+*?#$&?,1A%4!"*29%CDDT8@%%
15

G'#'%1"#&.'-A%-+0.3&3%+.%>.+2.'/3%3$+01(%'13+%:&%,+.<'.(?1++="*29%'*(%"(&*#",A%#.&*(39%-$'11&*2&39%
'*(%#&-$*+1+2"-'1%(&)&1+>/&*#3%#$'#%'.&%1"=&1A%#+%+--0.%<"#$"*%#$&%*&'.%,0#0.&%4d+$*3+*%&#%'19%CDES8@%
7$"3%#A>&%+,%1&'.*"*2%&*)".+*/&*#%*+#%+*1A%,'-"1"#'#&3%('#'%1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*9%:0#%"*3#"113%"*%3#0(&*#3%
"*#'*2":1&%3="113%'*(%<+.=?3#A1&3%#$'#%-'*%:&%,0.#$&.%'>>1"&(%"*%#$&".%-'.&&.39%3+?-'11&(%H/&#'?3="113J%
4`"X0&#&9%CDEC8@%P&#'?3="113%"*-10(&%'('>#':"1"#A9%(&&>%#$"*="*29%'*(%:&"*2%':1&%#+%-."#"-'11A%'33&33%
>.+:1&/3%4'3%+>>+3&(%#+%3"/>1A%.&20.2"#'#"*2%"*,+./'#"+*89%'*(%'.&%&33&*#"'1%#+%&*2'2"*2%"*%#$&%CE3#%
-&*#0.A%=*+<1&(2&%&-+*+/A%4K+1#'A9%CDESN%`"X0&#&9%CDEC8@%7$&3&%3="113%'.&%$"2$1A?#.'*3,&.':1&9%'*(%
'>>1"-':1&%#+%/01#">1&%,"&1(3%'*(%>.+,&33"+*3%4]*#'."+9%CDDT8@%%
Go$Fish:$Matching$Skills$with$Requirements$
G'#'%1"#&.'-A%-+/>&#&*-"&3%'*(%/&#'?3="113%/03#%/'#-$%0>%<"#$%#$&%>+3"#"+*3%#$'#%6'*'("'*%
&/>1+A&.3%*&&(%*+#%+*1A%*+<9%:0#%"*%,")&9%'*(%#&*%A&'.3%#"/&@%5*%#&./3%+,%3#.0-#0.&9%-+*#&*#%/03#%2+%
:&A+*(%+*&?+,,%<+.=3$+>39%'*(%"*3#&'(%:&%,+-03&(%+*%H('#'?3="11"*2J9%+.%:0"1("*2%0>%-+/>&#&*-"&3%
"*-.&/&*#'11A%#$.+02$%-+0.3&3%+.%/+(01&3%4B.A+.%M%G+**&11A9%CDDZN%^-$*&"(&.9%CDEFN%^#&>$&*3+*%M%
6'.')&11+9%CDDVN%!."2$#%&#%'19%CDEC8@%7$"3%'11+<3%3#0(&*#3%#+%,+-03%+*%3>&-","-%'3>&-#3%+,%('#'%1"#&.'-A%
4&@2@%,"*("*2%('#'9%&)'10'#"+*%+,%('#'9%)"30'1";'#"+*9%/'*">01'#"+*%#++139%('#'%3#+.'2&9%('#'%&#$"-39%
('#'%-0.'#"+*9%&#-@89%'*(%:0"1(%-+/>&#&*-"&3%30--&33")&1A%#+%'--+/>1"3$%'%2+'1%4&@2@%'%('#'%
/'*'2&/&*#%>1'*%,+.%.&3&'.-$8%4P579%CDERN%n"*%M%GJ52*';"+9%CDED:N%^#&>$&*3+*%M%6'.')&11+9%CDDVN%
!."2$#%&#%'19%CDEC8@%5#%'13+%"*3#"113%"*%3#0(&*#3%'%-+*#"*0+03%'>>.+'-$%#+%1&'.*"*2@%7$"3%"3%"*#&2.'1%,+.%
>.+,&33"+*'1%(&)&1+>/&*#%"*%+*&J3%-'.&&.@%7&-$*+1+2A%'*(%/&#$+(3%,+.%<+.="*2%<"#$%('#'%<"11%
-+*#"*0&%#+%&)+1)&9%'*(%3+%#++%/03#%>.+,&33"+*'13@%%%
5*%#&./3%+,%-+*#&*#9%>+3#?3&-+*('.A%"*3#"#0#"+*3%/03#%-++>&.'#&%<"#$%"*(03#.A%'*(%#$&%>.")'#&%3&-#+.%
#+%.&?'33&33%'*(%.&?'(l03#%-0.."-010/%"*%+.(&.%#+%/'"*#'"*%.&1&)'*-A@%^="113%'33&33/&*#%,.'/&<+.=3%
"*?1"*&%<"#$%21+:'1%3#'*('.(3%-'*%:&%'13+%03&(%#+%&*30.&%#$'#%2.'(0'#&3%'.&%.&'(A%#+%&*#&.%#$&%
<+.=,+.-&%46$"*"&*%M%I+0#"*9%CDEE8@%5*%#$&%-0..&*#%:03"*&33%'*(%&-+*+/"-%-1"/'#&9%#$&%':"1"#A%#+%
&,,&-#")&1A%/'*'2&9%'*(%/'=&%(&-"3"+*3%:'3&(%+*%('#'%"3%>'.'/+0*#%4Q"1&39%CDEFN%Y'.."39%CDECN%
K+1#'A9%CDERN%P-K&*(."-=9%CDES8@%%
Making$the$Call:$Data$Management$and$Decision$Making$
G'#'%/'*'2&/&*#%"3%#$&.&,+.&%'%,+0*('#"+*'1%'3>&-#%+,%('#'%1"#&.'-A%#$'#%"3%&33&*#"'1%,+.%&/>1+A&.3%
'*(%:03"*&33&3%4B.A+.%M%G+**&11A9%CDDZN%n"*%M%GJ52*';"+9%CDED'8@%5*(&&(9%:&,+.&%+*&%-'*%3#'.#%
&,,&-#")&1A%0#"1";"*2%('#'%,+.%(&-"3"+*?/'="*2%+.%+#$&.<"3&9%+*&%/03#%:&%':1&%#+%'-#0'11A%0*(&.3#'*(%
'*(%/'*'2&%#$&%('#'%#$&A%>+33&33@%I+#$%#$&%>.")'#&%'*(%>0:1"-%3&-#+.3%'.&%"*-.&'3"*21A%#0.*"*2%#+%
("2"#'1%'*(%61+0(?:'3&(%"*,+./'#"+*%3A3#&/39%'3%+>>+3&(%#+%#.'("#"+*'1%>'>&.?:'3&(%3A3#&/3@%7$"3%
$'3%1&(%#+%#$&%-.&'#"+*%+,%1'.2&%'/+0*#3%+,%"*#&.*'1%('#'%4&@2@%$0/'*%.&3+0.-&39%,"*'*-&39%:."&,"*2%
*+#&39%.&>+.#39%&#-@8%#$'#%/03#%:&%/'*'2&(%>.+>&.1A@%O3%!."2$#%&#%'1@%>+3"#9%('#'%/'*'2&/&*#%'3%'%
#&*'*#%+,%('#'%1"#&.'-A%.&-+2*";&3%"*(")"(0'13%'3%:+#$%-+*30/&.3%'*(%>.+(0-&.3%+,%('#'%4CDEC8@%
5*(")"(0'13%/03#%$')&%-+.&%-+/>&#&*-"&3%.&1'#"*2%#+%('#'%+.2'*";'#"+*9%/&#'('#'%-.&'#"+*%'*(%
0#"1";'#"+*9%'*(%('#'%-+*#"*0"#A%'*(%.&03&%45:"(8@%P&#'('#'%'*(%('#'%-+*#"*0"#A%'.&%&3>&-"'11A%
"/>+.#'*#9%'*(%&*#'"13%>'-='2"*2%'*(%H1':&11"*2J%('#'%"*%30-$%'%<'A%#$'#%"#%-'*%:&%&'3"1A%#.'*3,&..&(%
#+%+.%03&(%:A%-+?.&3&'.-$&.3e<+.=&.3%45:"(8@%7$"3%"3%-."#"-'1%#+%"*-.&'3"*2%-++>&.'#"*2%:&#<&&*%
(",,&.&*#%:.'*-$&3%"*%'*%+.2'*";'#"+*9%'*(%-'*%.&(0-&%3"1+39%'*(%"*-.&'3&%&,,"-"&*-A@%G&-"3"+*?/'="*2%
:'3&(%+*%('#'%"3%'13+%-."#"-'1%,+.%#$&%6'*'("'*%&-+*+/A@%%
G'#'%G.")&*%G&-"3"+*%P'="*2%4GGGP8%"3%#$&%':"1"#A%#+%&,,&-#")&1A%#.'*3,+./%"*,+./'#"+*%"*#+%
'-#"+*':1&%=*+<1&(2&%'*(%>.'-#"-&3%:A%-+11&-#"*29%'*'1A;"*29%'*(%"*#&.>.&#"*2%'11%#A>&3%+,%('#'%
16

4K+1#'A9%CDERN%P'*("*'-$9%B'.#+*9%Q0//&.9%M%O*(&.3+*9%CDES8@%O#%'%:'3"-%1&)&19%"#%.&X0".&3%#$&%3="113%
#+%"(&*#",A%>.+:1&/39%,.'/&%X0&3#"+*39%-+11&-#%.&X0".&(%('#'9%#.'*3,+./%('#'%"*#+%"*,+./'#"+*9%
#.'*3,+./%"*,+./'#"+*%"*#+%(&-"3"+*39%'*(%&)'10'#&%3'"(%(&-"3"+*3%4P'*("*'-$%&#%'19%%CDES8@%
L)'10'#"+*9%'*(%/'="*2%*&-&33'.A%-$'*2&3%#+%-$+3&*%-+0.3&3%+,%'-#"+*%"3%'%=&A%-+/>+*&*#@%G'#'%"3%
*+#%'%3#'#"-%&*#"#A9%'*(%#$03%*&"#$&.%'.&%(&-"3"+*3%:'3&(%+*%('#'@%G'#'%03'2&%'*(%&)'10'#"+*%3$+01(%:&%
-+*#"*0+039%'*(%"*#&2.'#&(%"*#+%&U"3#"*2%(&-"3"+*?/'="*2%3#.0-#0.&3%45:"(8@%%
O3%3#'#&(9%#$&%"*-.&'3&(%,1+<%+,%"*,+./'#"+*%'*(%,"*'*-"'1%"/>+.#'*-&%'##'-$&(%#+%'-#"+*':1&%
=*+<1&(2&%$'3%/'(&%GGGP%'%=&A%-+/>+*&*#%+,%/+(&.*%:03"*&33%4`"X0&#&9%CDEC8@%O%30.)&A%:A%The$
Economist$+,%SFD%3&*"+.%&U&-0#")&3%,+0*(%#$'#%RF[%:&1"&)&(%#$'#%('#'%'.&%g&U#.&/&1A%"/>+.#'*#h%,+.%
3#.'#&2"-%(&-"3"+*?/'="*2%4Q"1&39%CDEF9%>@%R8@%Y+<&)&.9%"#%-'*%:&%(",,"-01#%,+.%-+/>'*"&3%#+%&*2'2&%"*%
GGGP%(0&%#+%('#'%:&"*2%3"1+&(%"*%(",,&.&*#%0*"#39%'*(%'#%(",,&.&*#%1&)&13%4Q"1&39%CDEF8@%7$&.&,+.&9%
3="113%'*(%-+/>&#&*-"&3%,+.%&,,&-#")&%GGGP%3$+01(%:&%>.&3&*#%'#%'11%1&)&13%<"#$"*%'*%+.2'*";'#"+*9%
'*(%'-.+33%'11%>+3"#"+*3%'*(%("3-">1"*&3%4Q"1&39%CDEFN%Y'.."39%CDECN%\'$&A%&#%'19%CDEC8@%7&'-$"*2%#$&%
3="113%.&X0".&(%,+.%GGGP%'#%#$&%0*(&.2.'(0'#&%1&)&1%3$+01(%,+-03%+*%>.'-#"-'1%1&'.*"*2@%%
7$&%7$"*="*2%!"#$%G'#'%47!G8%>.+l&-#%,+-03&(%+*%03"*2%('#'%#+%(&#&./"*&%<$&#$&.%#$&%<'#&.%
("3#.":0#"+*%,+.%#$&%L0>$.'#&3%.")&.%'/+*2%#$&%30..+0*("*2%-+0*#."&3%-+01(%:&%-+*3"(&.&(%&X0"#':1&%
4\'$&A%&#%'19%CDEC8@%^#0(&*#3%<&.&%#'3=&(%#+%-+11&-#%('#'%,.+/%/01#">1&%3+0.-&39%,+./%-+$&.&*#%
'.20/&*#39%'*(%>0#%,+.#$%('#'?:'3&(%-+*-103"+*3@%O%=&A%-+/>+*&*#%+,%GGGP9%'*(%"*(&&(%('#'%
1"#&.'-A9%"3%#$&%':"1"#A%#+%.&-+2*";&%,'01#A%"*,+./'#"+*%'*(%-.&'#&%g)'1"(9%('#'?:'3&(%'.20/&*#3h%
4\'$&A%&#%'19%CDEC9%>@%ETF8@%6+**&-#"*2%('#'%#+%.&'1?<+.1(%"330&3%4&@2@%303#'"*':"1"#A8%'11+<3%3#0(&*#3%
#+%-+**&-#%>.+-&(0.&%#+%>.'-#"-&9%'*(%&*-+0.'2&3%-0."+3"#A%'*(%"*(&>&*(&*#%#$"*="*2%4!A*&.9%CDEF8@%
7$&%3'/&%('#'%1"#&.'-A%':"1"#"&3%.&X0".&(%#+%&,,&-#")&1A%-'..A%+0#%GGGP%-'*%'13+%"/>.+)&%
&*#.&>.&*&0."'1%"**+)'#"+*9%-.&'#")"#A9%'*(%&,,"-"&*-A%4I+A1&39%CDEC8@%GGGP%-'*%'13+%:&%'>>1"&(%#+%
('#'?(.")&*%/'.=&#"*2@%O%30.)&A%+,%FDD%#+>?1&)&1%&U&-0#")&3%:A%Forbes%"(&*#","&(%"*-.&'3&(%-03#+/&.%
&*2'2&/&*#%'*(%2.+<#$%,.+/%-+/>'*"&3%<$+%<&.&%-+*3"(&.&(%#+%:&%H1&'(&.3J%"*%('#'%(.")&*%
/'.=&#"*2%'*(%(&-"3"+*?/'="*2%4P-K&*(."-=9%CDES8@%%
Barriers$and$Challenges$
P'*A%+,%#$&3&%:'.."&.3%#+%('#'%1"#&.'-A%"*%&/>1+A&.3%'*(%#$&%&-+*+/A%.&1'#&%#+%('#'%1"#&.'-A%
&(0-'#"+*%<"#$"*%>+3#?3&-+*('.A%"*3#"#0#"+*39%<$"-$%<"11%:&%-+)&.&(%'#%'%1'#&.%>+"*#%"*%#$&%
=*+<1&(2&%3A*#$&3"3@%O#%'%$"2$?1&)&19%#$&.&%'.&%&#$"-'1%-+*3"(&.'#"+*3%#$'#%:+#$%&(0-'#+.3%'*(%#$&%
>.")'#&%3&-#+.%/03#%:&%'<'.&%+,%"*%#&./3%+,%('#'%-+11&-#"+*%'*(%03'2&%4P'*A"='%&#%'19%CDEE8@%7$&%
#&-$*+1+2A%'*(%'>>1"-'#"+*3%,+.%('#'%'.&%-+*#"*0"*2%#+%&)+1)&%'#%'*%"*-.&(":1&%.'#&9%'*(%1&2"31'#"+*%
-+*-&.*"*2%>.")'-A%$'3%'1.&'(A%,'11&*%:&$"*(@%5*(")"(0'13%'*(%-+/>'*"&3%/03#%:&%'<'.&%*+#%+*1A%
$+<%#$&A%'.&%03"*2%('#'9%:0#%<$A@%
^>&'="*2%#+%#&-$*+1+2A9%#+%g:&%/&.&1A%"*%>+33&33"+*%+,%#&-$*"-'1%"*,.'3#.0-#0.&%4$'.(<'.&%'*(%
3+,#<'.&8%"3%:A%*+%/&'*3%30,,"-"&*#%#+%>.+)"(&%'%-+/>'.'#")&%'()'*#'2&%'*(%#+%:&-+/&%-+/>&#"#")&%
'*(%30--&&(%"*%#$&%("2"#'1%&-+*+/A@h%46$"*"&*%M%I+0#"*9%CDEE9%>@%EC8@%G0."*2%#$&".%>+3#?3&-+*('.A%
3#0("&39%3#0(&*#3%/03#%:&%#'02$#%&,,&-#")&1A%$+<%#+%03&%#&-$*+1+2"-'1%#++139%'*(%#$"3%"3%&)&*%/+.&%
"/>+.#'*#%,+.%>.")'#&%3&-#+.%+.2'*";'#"+*3@%P+.&+)&.9%&/>1+A&.3%#$&/3&1)&3%/03#%:&1"&)&%"*%#$&%
)'10&%'*(%<+.#$%#$'#%#&-$*+1+2A9%'*(%"*(&&(9%('#'%1"#&.'-A%:."*23%#+%#$&%#':1&@%!"#$+0#%#$&%>.+>&.%
:0A?"*9%#$&%,011%>+#&*#"'1%+,%('#'%03'2&%"*%#$&%<+.=>1'-&%<"11%:&%0*,01,"11&(9%'*(%'*A%3="113%:.+02$#%
,+.#$%:A%&/>1+A&&3%&,,&-#")&1A%<'3#&(@%%
17

Canadian'Universities'and'Graduates''
6'*'("'*%0*")&.3"#"&3%'.&%:&"*2%-$'11&*2&(%#+%>.+(0-&%21+:'11A%-+/>&#"#")&%2.'(0'#&39%(0&%#+%#$&%
2.+<"*2%(&/'*(%,+.%'%/+.&%3="11&(%<+.=,+.-&%':1&%#+%<+.=%&,,"-"&*#1A%'*(%&,,&-#")&1A%"*%'%
=*+<1&(2&?:'3&(%&-+*+/A@%Y+<&)&.9%/'*A%2.'(0'#&3%'.&%*+#%'#%#$&%1&)&1%+,%>.+,"-"&*-A%.&X0".&(%#+%
<"#$%('#'%'*(%('#'?:'3&(%'>>1"-'#"+*3%4I+A1&39%CDEC8@%I&"*2%-+/>&#"#")&%+*%'%21+:'1%3-'1&%"3%'%
-$'11&*2&%,+.%'11%-+0*#."&39%(0&%#+%3+-"&#'1%'*(%&-+*+/"-%,'-#+.39%:0#%#$&.&%'.&%3#&>3%#$'#%-'*%:&%#'=&*%
#$'#%<"11%&*-+0.'2&%(&)&1+>/&*#@%O*%&,,&-#")&%')&*0&%#+%&*-+0.'2&%30-$%(&)&1+>/&*#%"3%#+%"*-10(&%
('#'%1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*%'3%'%=&A%-+/>+*&*#%+,%*'#"+*'1%3#'*('.(39%'3%#$&%_*"#&(%^#'#&3%$'3%(+*&%
4k'11&39%CDDS8@%7$"3%<+01(%"*-&*#")";&%#$&%&(0-'#"+*%3A3#&/%#+%(&)&1+>%#$&3&%3="113%/+.&%(")&.3&1A@%
Y0/'*%c&3+0.-&3%'*(%^="113%G&)&1+>/&*#%6'*'('%4*+<%L/>1+A/&*#%'*(%^+-"'1%G&)&1+>/&*#%
6'*'('8%-+*(0-#&(%'%3#0(A%"*%CDEE%"*%.&3>+*3&%#+%#$&%QCD%^0//"#%:'3&(%+*%"*#&.*'#"+*'1%'*(%
*'#"+*'1%3#'*('.(39%+,%<$"-$%#$&A%"(&*#","&(%"/>+.#'*#%3="1139%"*-10("*2%('#'%1"#&.'-A9%'*(%3="113%
.&1'#&(%#+%#$"39%30-$%'3%5679%("2"#'19%'*(%-+/>0#'#"+*'1%1"#&.'-"&3%46$"*"&*%M%I+0#"*9%CDEE8@%7$&%
Q+)&.*/&*#%+,%6'*'('%.&-+2*";&3%('#'%1"#&.'-A%'3%'%2.+<"*2%"330&9%:0#%$'3%*+#%A&#%'-#&(@%%
7$"3%0*,01,"11&(%*&&(%+*%#$&%2+)&.*/&*#'1%3"(&%/'A%:&%(0&%#+%'%>&.>&#0'1%3#.0221&%#+%"(&*#",A%
+:l&-#")&3%'*(%3#.'#&2"&3%#+%(&)&1+>%21+:'11A%-+/>&#"#")&%3="113@%5*#&.*'#"+*'1%3#'*('.(3%'.&%$&1>,01%"*%
"(&*#",A"*2%$+<%-+/>&#"#")&%6'*'("'*%0*")&.3"#A%2.'(0'#&3%'.&@%7$&%].2'*";'#"+*%,+.%L-+*+/"-%6+?
]>&.'#"+*%'*(%G&)&1+>/&*#%4]L6G8%,.&X0&*#1A%"*,10&*-&3%>+1"-A%"*#&.*'#"+*'11A9%>.+)"("*2%'%
:&*-$/'.=%,+.%-+/>&#&*-A@%7$&%^="113%]0#1++=%#$'#%#$&A%>.+(0-&(%"*%CDEF%"(&*#","&(%+*1A%'%#$".(%+,%
#$&%>+>01'#"+*%'3%$')"*2%:'3"-%('#'%'*'1A3"3%3="1139%<"#$%+*1A%EC@S[%':+)&%:'3"-%3="113&#@%5*%.&3>+*3&%
#+%#$"3%3#0(A9%c+/'*"%'((.&33&3%#$"3%/"3/'#-$%+,%3="113%:&"*2%#'02$#%'*(%"*?(&/'*(9%.&-+//&*("*2%
#$'#%"*"#"'#")&3%3$+01(%:&%'((.&33&(%.&201'.1A%#+%&*30.&%2+'13%'*(%>.'-#"-&3%'1"2*%<"#$%#$&%21+:'1%
=*+<1&(2&?:'3&(%&-+*+/A%4CDDZ8@%O1#$+02$%#$&%"*'-#"+*%+,%#$&%2+)&.*/&*#%"3%>.+:1&/'#"-9%"#%(+&3%
2")&%6'*'("'*%'-'(&/"'%#$&%+>>+.#0*"#A%#+%'-#%'*(%-.&'#&%>.+2.'/3%'*(%('#'%1"#&.'-A%3#'*('.(3%#$'#%
-'*%:&%"/>1&/&*#&(@%%
Team$Effort:$Collaborating$to$Deliver$Data$Literacy$Education$
O*+#$&.%<'A%#+%&*30.&%21+:'11A%-+/>&#"#")&%2.'(0'#&3%"*-10(&3%-+11':+.'#"+*%:&#<&&*%3&)&.'1%
2.+0>3%30-$%'3%&(0-'#+.39%+.2'*";'#"+*39%'*(%3#'=&$+1(&.3@%7$&3&%2.+0>3%'.&%"*#&2.'1%"*%>.+)"("*2%'%
#'.2&#&(%&(0-'#"+*%#+%3#0(&*#3%<"#$%03':1&%3="113%"*%#$&%<+.=,+.-&@%L(0-'#+.3%-+11':+.'#"*2%<"#$%
+#$&.3%/'A%3&&/%+:)"+03@%Y+<&)&.9%-+//0*"-'#"+*%"3%=&A%#+%'%<&11%.+0*(&(%&(0-'#"+*@%5,%
'330/>#"+*3%'.&%/'(&9%"#%-'*%1&'(%#+%2'>3%+.%0**&-&33'.A%+)&.1'>3%"*%&(0-'#"+*@%L(0-'#+.3%=&&>"*2%
-+//0*"-'#"+*%+>&*%:&#<&&*%30:l&-#3%'*(%1&)&13%'.&%-.0-"'1%#+%'%3A3#&/'#"-%'*(%-+/>.&$&*3")&%('#'%
1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*9%'*(%<"11%3#.&*2#$&*%0*(&.3#'*("*2%#$+02$%:&"*2%#'02$#%'-.+33%-0.."-010/%
&,,&-#")&1A%4k'11&39%CDDSN%'*(%]*#'."+%P"*"3#.A%+,%L(0-'#"+*9%CDDT8@%%
].2'*";'#"+*'1%-+11':+.'#"+*%'13+%>.+)"(&3%'-'(&/"'%#$&%+>>+.#0*"#A%#+%(")&.3",A%1&'.*"*2@%7$&%
(",,&.&*#%>&.3>&-#")&3%'*(%.&3+0.-&3%#$'#%*+*?'-'(&/"-%+.2'*";'#"+*3%-'*%:."*2%#+%&(0-'#"+*%'.&%
)'10':1&%,+.%#$&%"*3#"#0#"+*%'3%<&11%'3%#$&%3#0(&*#3@%7$&3&%-'*%"*-10(&%>'.#*&.3$">3%"*%-0.."-010/%
>1'**"*29%3#0(&*#%>.+,&33"+*'1%(&)&1+>/&*#9%'3%<&11%'3%&U#.'-0.."-01'.%>.+2.'/3%4Q+1(9%CDDV8@%O3%
/&*#"+*&(%':+)&9%'-'(&/"-%"*3#"#0#"+*3%'13+%$')&%#$&%':"1"#A%#+%-+*301#%<"#$%*'#"+*'1%'*(%
"*#&.*'#"+*'1%3#'*('.(3%30-$%'3%]L6G%'*(%Yc^G@%7$&%O33+-"'#"+*%+,%6+11&2&%c&3&'.-$%`":.'."&3%
4O6c`8%$'3%<+.=&(%<"#$%"*(03#.A%1&'(&.3%#+%(&#&./"*&%<$'#%.&X0".&/&*#3%/03#%:&%/&#%:A%
3#'*('.(3%#+%&*30.&%'--0.'#&%'*(%.&1&)'*#%3#'*('.(3%4^-$<"&(&.9%a"&1(&.9%M%``569%CDER8@%
18

O(("#"+*'11A9%#$&%]-&'*3%+,%G'#'%5*3#"#0#&%<+.=3%"*%>'.#*&.3$">%<"#$%+.2'*";'#"+*3%#+%>.+)"(&%03&.3%
<"#$%#'.2&#&(%3="113%(&>&*("*2%+*%1&)&1%'*(%*&&(%4CDER8@%%
`'3#1A9%-+11':+.'#"+*%<"#$%3#'=&$+1(&.3%"3%&33&*#"'1%,+.%30--&33,01%2.'(0'#&3@%7$&.&%/03#%:&%'3%1"##1&%
/"30*(&.3#'*("*2%'3%>+33":1&%:&#<&&*%<$'#%"3%:&"*2%#'02$#%'*(%<$'#%"3%*&&(&(%"*%#$&%<+.=>1'-&@%5*%
#$&%,"&1(%+,%('#'%1"#&.'-A%#$&.&%"3%'%<"(&%.'*2&%+,%3#'=&$+1(&.3W%3-$++139%>.'-#"#"+*&.39%>.+,&33"+*'1%
(&)&1+>/&*#%>.+)"(&.39%>.+)"*-"'1%&(0-'#"+*%(&>'.#/&*#39%2+)&.*/&*#9%>.+,&33"+*'1%+.2'*";'#"+*39%
'*(%/+.&@%7$&3&%2.+0>3%3$+01(%:&%"*)+1)&(%"*%#$&%-0.."-010/%>.+-&33%>1'**"*2%'*(%"/>1&/&*#'#"+*%
#+%&*30.&%#$'#%&(0-'#"+*%"3%-+/>.&$&*3")&%4P'*("*'-$%M%Q0//&.9%CDEF8@%6+11':+.'#"+*%<"#$%
3#'=&$+1(&.3%>.+)"(&3%>&.3>&-#")&%+*%#$&%.&'1"#"&3%+,%#$&%<+.=>1'-&%30-$%'3%("3-">1"*'.A%-01#0.&%'*(%
1+-'1%>.'-#"-&39%'3%<&11%'3%"*"#"'#")&3%'*(%#++13%4c+/'*"9%CDDZN%Q"1&39%CDEFN%I&*"#+9%CDDZN%'*(%P++*&A%
M%6'.13+*9%CDER8@%%
Barriers$and$Challenges$
7&'-$"*2%('#'%1"#&.'-A%'#%#$&%0*(&.2.'(0'#&%1&)&1%"3%+,#&*%1&,#%+0#%+,%-0.."-01'%,+.%3+-"'1%3-"&*-&3%
-+/>1&#&1A%4^-$&"#1&9%CDDf8@%7$"3%-.&'#&3%1'.2&%2'>3%:&#<&&*%&(0-'#"+*'1%&U>&."&*-&3%,+.%3#0(&*#3%
&*#&."*2%#$&%>+3#2.'(0'#&%1&)&1%+,%3#0(A%'*(%#$&%<+.=,+.-&%4^<'*%M%I.+<*9%CDDT8@%%
G'#'%1"#&.'-A%:&"*2%#'02$#%'#%#$&%-+//&*-&/&*#%+,%>+3#?3&-+*('.A%&(0-'#"+*%<+01(%:&*&,"#%
3#0(&*#3%#+%/+.&%&'3"1A%"*#&2.'#&%"*#+%#$&".%.&/'"*"*2%("3-">1"*&?3>&-","-%&(0'#"+*%4^$+."3$9CDESN%'*(%
^'>>%b&13+*9%k"1"*3="9%M%\'*%L>>39%CDER8@%7$"3%&'.1A%&*2'2&/&*#9%:&,+.&%#$&A%$')&%3>&-"'1";&(9%<"11%
'11+<%>&&.3%#+%<+.=%#+2&#$&.%+*%-+//+*%>.+:1&/39%'#%3"/"1'.%3="11%1&)&13%4^<'*9%&#%'1@9%CDDZ8@%%
7&-$*"-'1%3="113%'.&%(",,"-01#%#+%1&'.*9%",%#$&%3#0(&*#%"3%"*3&.#&(%"*#+%#$&%/"((1&%+,%#$&%1&33+*N%3#'.#"*2%
,.+/%#$&%:&2"**"*2%"3%&3>&-"'11A%"/>+.#'*#%"*%1&'.*"*2%#&-$*"-'1%3="113@%^+/&%3#0(&*#3%/'A%,1+0."3$9%
:0#%/+3#%'.&%1"=&1A%#+%,&&1%(&,&'#&(%<"#$+0#%>."+.%=*+<1&(2&%#+%20"(&%#$&/@%7$"3%"3%<$A%:0"1("*2%'%
,+0*('#"+*'1%=*+<1&(2&%+,%'%3="11%"3%'%)&.A%"/>+.#'*#%>'.#%+,%#$&%>.+-&33%4`"##1&l+$*%^$"*(&.9%CDEF8@%
7$"3%.&)"&<%$'3%"(&*#","&(%(",,&.&*#%+.%3A*#$&3";&(%1&)&13%+,%('#'%3="1139%<$"-$%-'*%:&%,+0*(%"*%
O>>&*("U%E@%7$"3%-'*%'33"3#%"*%#'.2&#"*2%1&'.*"*2%#+%'>>.+>."'#&%1&)&139%+.%(&)&1+>"*2%3#'*('.(3%#+%
&*30.&%-+*3"3#&*#%&(0-'#"+*%+>>+.#0*"#"&3@%%
5#%"3%(",,"-01#%#+%:&2"*%<"#$%#$&%:'3"-3%<"#$%'%>.+,&33"+*'1%'0("&*-&%<"#$%)'.A"*2%3="11%1&)&139%'*(%'3%
'.20&(%':+)&9%#$&%&'.1"&.%#$&%&(0-'#"+*%#$&%:&##&.9%'3%-.+33?("3-">1"*'.A%&(0-'#"+*%/'U"/";&3%#$&%
"/>'-#%'*(%'>>1"-':"1"#A%#+%)'."+03%3"#0'#"+*3%4Q0*#&.9%CDDVN%L.<"*9%CDESN%'*(%d+$*3+*9%M%d&,,.A&39%
CDER8@%G'#'%1"#&.'-A%"3%"*-.&'3"*21A%*&-&33'.A%"*%#$.+02$+0#%'11%1&)&13%+,%3+-"&#A%'*(%"*(03#.A9%'*(%'%
*'#0.'1%&U#&*3"+*%+,%#$"3%"3%>.+)"("*2%"#%#+%3+-"'1%3-"&*-&39%$0/'*"#"&39%'*(%'.#3%'*(%-01#0.&%
&(0-'#"+*'1%-0.."-010/%'3%<&11%'3%*'#0.'1%3-"&*-&%'*(%:03"*&33%4K+1#'A9%CDERN%'*(%P'A-+##&9%CDER8@%
7$&.&%'.&%:'.."&.3%#+%#&'-$"*2%('#'%1"#&.'-A%'#%'*%"*#&.("3-">1"*'.A%1&)&19%30-$%'3%1'-=%+,%(&>#$%
4d+$*3+*%M%d&,,.A&39%CDER89%:0#%#$&%&33&*#"'1%3="113%+,%('#'%1"#&.'-A%'.&%3"/"1'.%#+%-+/>0#'#"+*'1%
#$"*="*2%"*%3+/&%.&3>&-#39%'*(%'.&%/+.&%,+-03&(%+*%#$&%/&*#'1%>.+-&33%#+%3+1)&%'%>.+:1&/9%<$"-$%"3%
'%2&*&.'11A%03&,01%3="119%.'#$&.%#$'*%.&'1%#&-$*"-'1%3="113%46;&.='<3="%M%`A/'*9%CDES8@%%
Best'Practices'for'Teaching'Data'Literacy'
5*%#$"3%3&-#"+*9%<&%3A*#$&3";&%(+-0/&*#&(%:&3#%>.'-#"-&3%,+.%('#'%1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*%'*(%"*3#.0-#"+*39%
"*-10("*2%#$&%#"/"*2%'*(%/&-$'*"3/3%+,%(&1")&."*2%('#'%1"#&.'-A%-+*#&*#@%7$&3&%'.&%'11%>.&3&*#&(%"*%
1"2$#%+,%#$&%-+*#&U#%'*(%3#.'#&2"&3%,+.%('#'%1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*%(&3-.":&(%>.&)"+031A@%
19

Appropriate'Timing'of'Data'Literacy'Education''
G&1")&.A%+,%('#'%1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*%$'3%:&&*%.&-+//&*(&(%'#%3&)&.'1%&(0-'#"+*'1%1&)&13e2.'(&3%"*%
#$&%.&3&'.-$9%'*(%.'*2&%,.+/%&1&/&*#'.A%3-$++1%#+%P'3#&.%>.+2.'/3@%L.<"*%4CDES8%'*(%\'$&A%&#%'1@9%
4CDEC8%&'-$%.&-+//&*(%:&2"**"*2%<"#$%&1&/&*#'.A%'2&(%3#0(&*#39%<$"-$%+,,&.3%+>>+.#0*"#"&3%#+%
3#'*('.(";&%'-.+33%2.'(&3%<"#$"*%&U"3#"*2%<&11?(&,"*&(%-0.."-01'@%c+/'*"%4CDDZ8%'*(%#$&%]*#'."+%
P"*"3#.A%+,%L(0-'#"+*%4CDDT8%3022&3#%#$'#%3&-+*('.A%&(0-'#"+*%3$+01(%"*-10(&%('#'%1"#&.'-A%"*%
-+/>1&/&*#'.A%30:l&-#3%'*(%03"*2%#&-$*+1+2A%#+%$&1>%3#0(&*#3%.&-+2*";&%#$&%#.'*3,&.':1&%*'#0.&%+,%
#$"3%3="11@%O*A%'>>.+'-$%#+%('#'%1"#&.'-A%'#%#$&%>+3#?3&-+*('.A%1&)&1%<"11%.&X0".&%'<'.&*&33%'*(%
'('>#'#"+*%'3%3#'*('.(3%&)+1)&%'#%&'.1"&.%1&)&13%+,%&(0-'#"+*@%7$"3%3A*#$&3"3%(&1":&.'#&1A%,+-03&3%+*%
>+3#?3&-+*('.A%&(0-'#"+*9%'*(%(+&3%*+#%'330/&%#$&%3#'#03%X0+%<"11%-$'*2&%'#%#$&%&1&/&*#'.A%'*(%
3&-+*('.A%1&)&13@%
G'#'%1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*%"3%"*-.&'3"*21A%:&"*2%+,,&.&(%'#%#$&%>+3#?2.'(0'#&%1&)&139%>.+)"("*2%3#0(&*#3%
<"#$%#$&%3="113%'*(%#++13%#+%(&'1%<"#$%#$&%HI"2%G'#'%X0&3#"+*J%4O6c`9%CDER8@%Y+<&)&.9%#&'-$"*2%('#'%
1"#&.'-A%'#%#$"3%1&)&1%+*1A%',,&-#3%'%3/'11%*0/:&.%+,%3#0(&*#39%'3%+>>+3&(%#+%#$&%0*(&.2.'(0'#&%1&)&1@%
P+.&+)&.9%"#%"3%+,#&*%/+.&%(",,"-01#%#+%"*3#"11%,+0*('#"+*'1%=*+<1&(2&%'#%#$&%>+3#?2.'(0'#&%1&)&1@%n"*%
'*(%GJ52*';"+%,+0*(%"*%#$&".%,&&(:'-=%,.+/%/'3#&.3%1&)&1%3#0(&*#3%#$'#%1'-=%+,%:'-=2.+0*(%
=*+<1&(2&%/'=&3%('#'%1"#&.'-A%l'.2+*%'*(%&U&.-"3&3%(",,"-01#%#+%/'3#&.N%&3>&-"'11A%<$&*%#$&.&%'.&%
)'.A"*2%3="11%1&)&13%"*%#$&%2.+0>%4CDED:8@%5*%#&./3%+,%03':"1"#A9%!+/'-=%,0.#$&.%'.20&3%#$'#%#$&%3="113%
1&'.*&(%'#%'%>+3#?2.'(0'#&%1&)&1%'.&%)&.A%3>&-","-%'*(%("3-">1"*&?,+-03&(@%O(("#"+*'11A9%#&'-$"*2%('#'%
1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*%&'.1A%"*%0*(&.2.'(0'#&%>.+2.'/3%-+01(%"*3#"11%2++(%>.'-#"-&3%'*(%"/>.+)&%#$&".%
2&*&.'1%3#0(A%4CDER8@%7$&%&,,+.#%"*3#"#0#"+*3%'.&%/'="*2%#+%"*-10(&%('#'%"*#+%#$&%-0.."-010/%"3%"*%#$&%
."2$#%(".&-#"+*9%:0#%#$&%/'.=%"3%#++%,'.@%^#0(&*#3%/03#%:&%&(0-'#&(%"*%'%/&'*"*2,01%<'A9%*+#%3"/>1A%
#+%,"11%'%)+"(@%
Delivery:'From'Courses'to'Workshops''
P'*A%'0#$+.3%:&1"&)&%#$'#%('#'%1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*%3$+01(%:&%&,,&-#&(%#$.+02$%'%3#'*(?'1+*&%-1'33%
4I0.(&##&%M%P-`+02$1"*9%CDEDN%P'.#"*%M%`&2&.?Y+.*:A9%CDECN%n"*%M%GJ52*';"+9%CDED:N%'*(%^<'*9%&#%
'1@9%CDDZ89%2&*&.'11A%(0&%#+%#$&%&33&*#"'1%*'#0.&%+,%#$&%3="11@%7$"3%3+10#"+*%"3%*+#%*&-&33'."1A%"(&'19%'3%
-0..&*#%-0.."-01'%'.&%'1.&'(A%,011%<"#$%.&X0".&(%-+0.3&3%47&'19%&#%'1@9%CDESN%'*(%^<'*%M%I.+<*9%CDDT89%
'*(%#$'#%'%+*&?3";&?,"#3?'11%-1'33%/'A%*+#%'--+0*#%,+.%#$&%)'.A"*2%:'-=2.+0*(3%'*(%3="113%3#0(&*#3%
$')&%"*%#$&".%,".3#%,&<%A&'.3%+,%0*")&.3"#A%&(0-'#"+*@%^+/&%.&3&'.-$&.3%.&-+//&*(%"*?-1'33%(&1")&.A%
:&%30>>1&/&*#&(%<"#$%<+.=3$+>3%#+%:."(2&%#$&%2'>3%'*(%>.+)"(&%#'.2&#&(%$&1>%46'.13+*9%d+$*3+*9%
!&3#.'%M%b"-$+139%CDEFN%'*(%^<'*%M%I.+<*9%CDDT8@%]#$&.3%3022&3#%30>>1&/&*#"*2%"*?-1'33%&(0-'#"+*%
<"#$%+*1"*&%-+0.3&39%>.+)"("*2%3>&-","-%'33"3#'*-&%<$&*%*&&(&(%4Q.'A9%CDDR9%Y'##<"29%&#%'1@9%CDEF89%+.%
#+%>.&>'.&%3#0(&*#3%:&,+.&%&*#&."*2%'*%"*?-1'33%-+0.3&%4P'-P"11'*9%CDED89%:0#%#$"3%"(&'%("(%*+#%
.&-&")&%:.+'(%'-=*+<1&(2&/&*#%+.%)'1"('#"+*@%
!+.=3$+>3%'.&%/&*#"+*&(%+,#&*%"*%#$&%1"#&.'#0.&%"*%.&,&.&*-&%#+%:."(2"*2%#$&%&U"3#"*2%3="113%2'>9%+.%
:."(2"*2%#$&%2'>%:&#<&&*%=*+<1&(2&%'*(%>.'-#"-&%#$.+02$%/+.&%$'*(3?+*9%'-#")&%1&'.*"*2%
+>>+.#0*"#A%4P'-P"11'*9%CDED8@%!+.=3$+>3%'.&%+,#&*%3$+.#%'*(%"*#&*3&9%'*(%,+.%#$"3%.&'3+*%'.&%
030'11A%#'.2&#&(%#+%'%-&.#'"*%3="119%1&)&19%'*(e+.%(+/'"*9%:0#%2&*&.'11A%&,,&-#")&%47&'19%6.'*3#+*9%
`'>>9%!$"#&9%!"13+*9%c'/9%'*(%B'<1"=9%4CDES8@%7$&%/+3#%2&*&.'11A%'--&>#&(%(&1")&.A%/&#$+(%"3%#$&%
/+(01'.?:'3&(%3A3#&/@%7$"3%-'*%:&%"*#&2.'#&(%"*#+%'*A%,+./'1%+.%"*,+./'1%(&1")&.A%/&#$+(%4P'.#"*%
M%`&2&.?Y+.*:A9%CDECN%n"*%M%GJ52*';"+9%CDED:N%B.'(+%M%P'.;'19%CDEFN%'*(%^-$*&"(&.9%CDEF89%'*(%
>.+)"(&3%'%3+1"(%:'3"3%,+.%#'.2&#&(%1&'.*"*2%,+.%"*(")"(0'13%4^$+."3$9%CDESN%'*(%P'-P"11'*9%CDER8@%%%
20

Integration'of'Data'Literacy'into'Curricula'
O3%/&*#"+*&(%':+)&9%'%:'.."&.%#+%('#'%1"#&.'-A%-+0.3&3%"*-10(&3%'%,011%-0.."-010/@%7$"3%$'3%:&&*%
.&-+2*";&(%:A%/'*A%.&3&'.-$&.39%'*(%-+0*#&.&(%<"#$%.&-+//&*('#"+*3%#+%"*#&2.'#&%"#%"*#+%
-+/>1&/&*#'.A%30:l&-#3@%^$+."3$%.&-+//&*(3%'%2&*&.'11A%03&,01%-1'33%30-$%'3%.&3&'.-$%/&#$+(39%
'11+<"*2%,+.%'%,10"(%&*)".+*/&*#%#+%'>>1A%3="113%4CDES8@%P'*A%+#$&.%'0#$+.3%.&-+//&*(%"*#&2.'#"*2%
('#'%1"#&.'-A%"*#+%+#$&.%1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*9%:&-'03&%+,%#$&%+)&.1'>%"*%-+/>&#&*-"&3@%7$&%/+3#%>+>01'.%
/'#-$%"3%('#'%"*,+./'#"+*%1"#&.'-A%46'.13+*9%a+3/".&9%P"11&.9%M%^'>>%b&13+*9%CDEEN%P'-P"11'*9%CDEDN%
^#&>$&*3+*%M%6'.')&11+9%CDDVN%Y0*#9%CDDRN%I.&3*'$'*%M%d+$*3+*9%CDERN%^-$*&"(&.9%CDEF8@%6$'*2&3%
'*(%#'.2&#&(%(&3"2*%#+%"*-+.>+.'#&%&U>1"-"#%('#'%1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*%-+01(%'11+<%#$&3&%#<+%30:l&-#3%#+%
/&&#%#$"3%2.+<"*2%*&&(@%%
]#$&.%1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*%#$'#%-+01(%"*-10(&%('#'%1"#&.'-A%"*-10(&3%)"30'1%1"#&.'-A9%(0&%#+%#$&%
"/>+.#'*-&%+,%-."#"-'11A%'*'1A;"*2%+#$&.J3%"*#&.>.&#'#"+*%+,%('#'%'3%'--0.'#&9%'*(%.&>.&3&*#"*2%
-+*-103"+*3%-+..&-#1A%4!+/'-=9%CDERN%Y'##<"29%I033&.#9%P&('"11&9%M%I0.2&339%CDEF8@%^#'#"3#"-'1%
"*,+./'#"+*%1"#&.'-A%'13+%$'3%3#.+*2%-+**&-#"+*3%<"#$%('#'%1"#&.'-A%4B.'(+%M%P';'19%CDEFN%7<"*('1&9%
CDEFN%'*(%^-$"&1(9%CDDR8@%^#'#"3#"-'1%1"#&.'-A%"3%&3>&-"'11A%.&1&)'*#%(0&%#+%#$&%,+-03%+*%#$&%':"1"#A%#+%
l0(2&%X0'1"#A%'*(%0#"1"#A%+,%('#'9%'*(%3$+01(%'#%1&'3#%3&.)&%'3%#$&%,+0*('#"+*%+,%#&'-$"*2%('#'%1"#&.'-A%
4Q.'A9%CDDR8@%^-"&*-&%1"#&.'-A%'13+%3$'.&3%3"/"1'."#"&3%30-$%'3%/&#$+(39%'>>.+'-$&39%'##"#0(&3%'*(%
3="113%.&1'#"*2%#+%-."#"-'1%#$"*="*2%#$'#%'.&%*&-&33'.A%,+.%('#'%1"#&.'-A%4K+1#'A9%CDERN%^$+."3$9%CDESN%n"*%
M%GJ52*';"+9%CDED'8@%%
!'**&.%.&)"&<3%3&)&.'1%.&3&'.-$%3#0("&3%"*)&3#"2'#"*2%-'*("('#&%30:l&-#3%"*#+%<$"-$%('#'%1"#&.'-A%
-+01(%:&%"*#&2.'#&(9%"*-10("*2%5*,+./'#"+*%'*(%^#'#"3#"-'1%`"#&.'-A9%G'#'%5*,+./'#"+*%`"#&.'-A9%
^-"&*-&%G'#'%`"#&.'-A9%\"30'1%`"#&.'-A%'*(%Q&+3>'#"'1%G'#'%4CDES8@%7$&%"*#&2.'#"+*%+,%#$&3&%1"#&.'-"&39%
'*(%#$&%)'."+03%-+/>&#&*-"&3%#$&A%3$'.&%#$.+02$+0#9%$'3%:&&*%(0::&(%g7.'*31"#&.'-Ah%+.%
gP&#'1"#&.'-Ah%4K+1#'A9%CDESN%G&'*9%CDES8@%P&#'1"#&.'-A%"3%#$&%':"1"#A%#+%03&%/01#">1&%1"#&.'-"&3%"*%'%
/01#"/&("'%1'A+0#%'*(%*')"2'#&%#$.+02$%/01#">1&%(+/'"*3%4a.'0?P&"239%CDECN%'*(%5>."9%CDED8@%7$"3%
#A>&%+,%"*#&2.'#"+*%'*(%0*(&.3#'*("*2%>.+/+#&3%-."#"-'1%#$"*="*2%'*(%-+11':+.'#"+*%4P'-=&A%M%
d'-+:3+*9%CDEE8@%7$&%-$'11&*2&%"3%"*#&2.'#"*2%'%*&<%3&#%+,%-+/>&#&*-"&3%"*#+%'1.&'(A%,011%-+0.3&3%
-+01(%&'3"1A%3$+.#-$'*2&%3#0(&*#3%+*%:+#$%,+./3%+,%1"#&.'-A9%'*(%'3%("3-033&(%"*%#$&%*&U#%>'.'2.'>$9%
#$&%>&+>1&%<&11?30"#&(%#+%#&'-$%"*,+./'#"+*%1"#&.'-A%/'A%*+#%:&%2++(%-'*("('#&3%,+.%#&'-$"*2%('#'%
1"#&.'-A@%!&%#$03%)"&<%#$"3%'>>.+'-$%'3%'%#&/>+.'.A%/&'30.&%(&3"2*&(%#+%/"#"2'#&%#$&%('#'%1"#&.'-A%
&(0-'#"+*%2'>%"*%#$&%3$+.#%#&./@%Y+<&)&.9%"*-+.>+.'#"+*%+,%('#'%1"#&.'-A%"*#+%(+/'"*?3>&-","-%
-+0.3&3%/'A%:&%&,,&-#")&@%G'#'%1"#&.'-A%-+/>&#&*-"&3%$')&%+)&.1'>>"*2%3="113%<"#$%+#$&.%>.'-#"-&39%
'*(%-'*%:&%"*#&2.'#&(%"*#+%-+/>1&/&*#'.A%30:l&-#3%'11+<"*2%3#0(&*#3%#+%:0"1(%+*%3#.&*2#$3%'*(%
&U>&."&*-&3%+,%(",,&.&*#%("3-">1"*&3%4^<'*%M%I.+<*9%CDDT8@%
O*+#$&.%:'.."&.%"*)+1)&(%"*%('#'%1"#&.'-A%"*#&2.'#"+*%"3%#$'#%"*3#.0-#+.3%(+%*+#%,&&1%30,,"-"&*#1A%
-+*,"(&*#%"*%#$&".%+<*%':"1"#A%#+%#&'-$%('#'%1"#&.'-A%-+/>&#&*-"&3%4O6c`9%CDERN%6'.13+*9%a+3/".&9%
P'*("*'-$%M%Q0//&.9%CDEFN%d+$*3+*9%O('/3%I&-=&.9%L3#.'('9%'*(%a.&&/'*9%CDESN%P"11&.9%M%
b&13+*9%CDEEN%c+/'*"9%CDDZN%!'**&.9%CDES8@%5*#&2.'#"*2%('#'%1"#&.'-A%<"#$%+#$&.%1"#&.'-A%#.'"*"*2%
'((.&33&3%#$&%"330&%+,%,"*("*2%3>'-&%"*%#$&%-0.."-010/9%:0#%#$+3&%"*3#.0-#+.3%/'A%*+#%:&%>.&>'.&(%#+%
#&'-$%('#'%1"#&.'-A%-+/>&#&*-"&3@%5*%#$"3%3-&*'."+9%1":.'."'*3%4>'.#"-01'.1A%('#'%1":.'."'*38%'.&%03&,01%
.&3+0.-&3%#+%:."(2&%#$&%=*+<1&(2&%2'>%,+.%3#0(&*#3%'*(%,'-01#A%'1"=&%4K+1#'A9%CDERN%'*(%K+1#'A9%
CDES8@%7$&.&%'.&%/'*A%<'A3%#$"3%-'*%:&%'-$"&)&(9%"*-10("*2%-+11':+.'#"+*%<"#$%30:l&-#%3>&-"'1"3#3%
"*3"(&%'*(%+0#3"(&%+,%-1'33%4^-$"&1(9%CDDRN%^$+."3$9%CDESN%Y+2&*:++/9%Y+11&.%B$"11">39%M%Y&*31&A9%
21

CDEEN%'*(%^<'*%M%I.+<*9%CDDT8@%P'*A%+,%#$&3&%1"#&.'-"&3%'.&%<"#$"*%#$&%3-+>&%+,%'-'(&/"-%1":.'."'*39%
<$+%'.&%'1.&'(A%+*%-'/>03%'*(%-'*%$&1>%(&3"2*%'*(%-'..A%+0#%1':3%4P'-P"11&*9%CDERN%'*(%Y0*#9%
CDDR8@%%
Emerging'Teaching'Approaches'and'Learning'Environments'
L(0-'#+.3%/03#%>.+)"(&%3#0(&*#3%<"#$%'*%&*)".+*/&*#%-+*(0-")&%#+%1&'.*"*2@%7$"3%"*-10(&3%
>.'-#"-&3%#$'#%'.&%*+*?#.'("#"+*'1%:0#%'1.&'(A%&/>1+A&(%'#%>+3#?3&-+*('.A%"*3#"#0#"+*39%1"=&%
"*-+.>+.'#"*2%:+#$%,+./'1%'*(%"*,+./'1%#&'-$"*2%/&#$+(3%"*#+%&(0-'#"+*9%'*(%>.+)"("*2%3#0(&*#3%
<"#$%#++13%'*(%&*-+0.'2&/&*#%#+%(&)&1+>%3="113%+0#3"(&%+,%-1'339%#0#+."'139%'*(%1':3@%O%-+/:"*'#"+*%+,%
#$&3&%/&#$+(3%<"11%"/>.+)&%3#0(&*#3J%0*(&.3#'*("*2%'*(%':"1"#A%#+%03&%('#'%4!"*29%CDDTN%'*(%
G+0-&##&%M%aA,&9%CDEF8@%]*&%<'A%#+%&*-+0.'2&%+*2+"*2%1&'.*"*2%"3%"*-10("*2%("2"#'1%(&)"-&3%'*(%
#&-$*+1+2"&39%30-$%'3%3+-"'1%/&("'%#&-$*+1+2"&39%-+*30/&.%#&-$*+1+2"&39%1&'.*"*2%#&-$*+1+2"&39%'*(%
3+%+*@%O(+>#"*2%#$&3&%*&<%#&'-$"*2%'*(%1&'.*"*2%>'.'("2/3%"3%>.+)&*%#+%"/>.+)&%#$&%1&'.*"*2%
>.+-&33%'*(%<+.=,+.-&%>.&>'.&(*&33%4c+/'*"9%CDDZN%a.'0?P&"239%CDECN%P'-=&A%M%d'-+:3+*9%CDEEN%
'*(%d+$*3+*9%O('/3%I&-=&.9%L3#.'('9%M%a.&&/'*9%CDES8@%7$&%,1">>&(?-1'33.++/%'>>.+'-$%#+%-+*#&*#%
(&1")&.A%4<$&.&%"*3#&'(%+,%1&-#0.&%"*%-1'33%'*(%'>>1A%'#%$+/&9%A+0%1&'.*%#$&+.A%'#%$+/&%'*(%'>>1A%"#%
"*%-1'338%'11+<3%3#0(&*#3%#+%.&-+2*";&%#$&%.&1&)'*-&%+,%#$&%#$&+.A%#$&A%'.&%1&'.*"*2%'*(%"(&*#",A"*2%
#$&".%+<*%=*+<1&(2&%(&,"-"&*-"&39%/'="*2%#$&%1&'.*"*2%>.'-#"-'19%*+#%3"/>1A%#$&+.&#"-'1%4^<'*%&#%'1@9%
CDDZ8@%%
Engaging'content'with'real'world'data'to'foster'innovation'
B.'-#"-'19%$'*(3?+*%1&'.*"*2%"3%'*%"/>+.#'*#%>'.#%+,%&*2'2"*2%3#0(&*#3N%0*")&.3"#"&3%/03#%,+3#&.%
-+*("#"+*3%,+.%"**+)'#"+*%#+%$'>>&*%4d+$*3+*9%&#%'1@9%CDESN%B&*#1'*(9%CDEFN%'*(%P-O01&A9%
c'$&/#011'9%Q+01("*29%M%^+0-$9%CDED8@%c&'1?<+.1(%('#'%>.+)"(&3%3#0(&*#3%<"#$%#$&%+>>+.#0*"#A%
<"#$%(")&.3&%&U>&."&*-&3%'*(%-'#&.3%#+%'%<"(&%.'*2&%+,%3="113%46'.13+*9%d+$*3+*9%!&3#.'9%M%b"-$+139%
CDEFN%c+/'*"9%CDDZN%'*(%G')&*>+.#%M%K"/9%CDEF8@%7$"3%#A>&%+,%1&'.*"*2%&U>&."&*-&%&*-+0.'2&3%
3#0(&*#3%#+%,"*(%3+10#"+*39%:&-'03&%#$&A%'.&%-+*#.":0#"*2%#+%#$&%1'.2&.%-+//0*"#A9%*+#%3"/>1A%'%
2.'(&9%>.+/+#"*2%#'3=%-+//"#/&*#9%<$"-$%"3%&33&*#"'1%,+.%1&'.*"*2%#&-$*"-'1%3="113%30--&33,011A%
4L.<"*9%CDESN%\'$&A9%&#%'1@9%CDECN%I0.(&##&%M%P-`+02$1"*9%CDEDN%'*(%^-$&"#1&9%CDDf8@%c&'1?<+.1(%('#'%
'13+%'11+<3%3#0(&*#3%#+%/'=&%-+**&-#"+*3%#+%#$&".%+<*%"/>'-#%+*%3+-"&#A9%&*$'*-"*2%#$&%+>>+.#0*"#A%
#+%>.+)"(&%3+10#"+*3%#$'#%'.&%#'.2&#&(%#+%3>&-","-%*&&(3%4!A*&.9%CDEFN%'*(%Y09%CDEC8@%%%
Successive/Iterative,'Practical,'HandsOon'Learning'
Y0*#%2+&3%,0.#$&.%"*%&U>1'"*"*2%#$'#%3#0(&*#3%1&'.*%:&3#%<$&*%#$&%('#'%1"#&.'-A%-0.."-010/%"3%
.&1&)'*#%'*(%:0"1(3%+*%>.&)"+031A%1&'.*&(%3="113%'*(%=*+<1&(2&%4CDDR8@%7$"3%"3%&3>&-"'11A%&,,&-#")&%
<$&*%"/>'.#"*2%#&-$*"-'1%3="113%4I0.(&##&%M%P-`+02$1"*9%CDEDN%'*(%i&$9%j"&9%M%K&9%CDEE8@%I0"1("*2%
0>+*%3="113%-'*%:&%&,,&-#")&%:A%1&##"*2%"*-.&'3"*21A%-+/>1&U%('#'%"*,+./%-+*#&*#%4P'-P"11&*9%CDER8@%
^#0(&*#3%&*l+A%("3-+)&."*2%#$&".%+<*%-+*-103"+*39%'*(%#$"3%'>>.+'-$%&*-+0.'2&3%&U'-#1A%#$"3@%%
]*&%'>>.+'-$%#+%30--&33")&%1&'.*"*2%"3%>.+l&-#?:'3&(%1&'.*"*2%4BI`89%'%,.&X0&*#1A%#&3#&(%'*(%
'>>.+'-$%#+%&*2'2"*2%3#0(&*#3%#+%:0"1(%#$&".%#&-$*"-'1%('#'%3="113%4c+/'*"9%CDDZ8@%B'"."*2%#$"3%<"#$%
03"*2%.&'1?<+.1(%('#'%$'3%>.+)&*%#+%:&%'*%&,,&-#")&%<'A%+,%"*#&2.'#"*2%/'*A%+,%#$&%>.&)"+031A%
/&*#"+*&(%'>>.+'-$&3W%-+/>1&/&*#'.A%3="1139%"#&.'#")&9%>.'-#"-'19%'*(%&*2'2&3%3#0(&*#3%#$.+02$%#$&%
03&%+,%.&'1?<+.1(%('#'@%BI`%-'*%-+**&-#%/01#">1&%'.&'3%+,%-0.."-010/%'*(%.&1'#&%#+%>&.3+*'1%
&U>&."&*-&3%4L.<"*9%CDES89%'*(%>.+)"(&3%3#0(&*#3%<"#$%#$&%=*+<1&(2&%+,%>.+-&33&3%#$'#%+--0.%"*%#$&%
<+.=>1'-&9%'3%<&11%'3%3&&"*2%"#%#+%-+/>1&#"+*@%BI`%"3%03&,01%<$&*%#&'-$"*2%3#0(&*#3%-."#"-'1%#$"*="*2%
'*(%>.+:1&/%3+1)"*2%4BCE9%CDEC89%<$"-$%"3%03&,01%:&-'03&%('#'%/'*">01'#"+*%.&X0".&3%-.&'#")&%
22

#$"*="*2@%`'3#1A9%'*%"/>+.#'*#%'3>&-#%+,%BI`%"3%-$+"-&%4I0.(&##&%M%P-`+02$1"*9%CDED8N%",%3#0(&*#3%'.&%
2+"*2%#+%:&%<+.="*2%+*%'%>.+l&-#%,+.%&U#&*(&(%>&."+(3%+,%#"/&9%1&'.*"*2%'*(%:0"1("*2%+*%#&-$*"-'1%
3="1139%#$&A%/03#%:&%&*2'2&(9%'*(%-$+"-&%+,%#$&%#+>"-3%'*(%('#'%#+%&U'/"*&%"*%(&>#$%"3%'*%"/>+.#'*#%
-+/>+*&*#%+,%#$"3@%%
5*%'(("#"+*%#+%#$&%"#&.'#")&%1&'.*"*2%>.+-&339%"#%"3%"/>+.#'*#%#+%-+**&-#%>.+-&(0.&%'*(%>.'-#"-&@%
^#."="*2%'%:'1'*-&%:&#<&&*%#$&3&%#<+%-+*-&>#3%-'*%:&%(",,"-01#@%^#0(&*#3J%':"1"#A%#+%&,,&-#")&1A%03&%
('#'%"*%(")&.3&%3"#0'#"+*39%'*(%$')"*2%#$&%':"1"#A%#+%("3#"*20"3$%$+<%#+%>.+-&&(%'>>.+>."'#&1A%"3%
"*-.&'3"*21A%"/>+.#'*#%"*%#$&%-+/>&#"#")&*&33%+,%6'*'("'*%2.'(0'#&3%4Y09%CDECN%`"X0&#&9%CDECN%'*(%
!A*&.9%CDEF8@%B.'-#"-"*2%#$&3&%3="113%"3%=&A%#+%#$&%1&'.*"*2%&U>&."&*-&@%_3"*2%.&'1%('#'%'*(%#++13%#+%
'*'1A;&%"#%$&1>3%:."(2&%#$&%2'>%:&#<&&*%1&'.*"*2%,'-#3%'*(%'-X0"."*2%"*X0".A%3="113%4^<'*9%&#%'1@9%
CDDZ8@%Y'*(3?+*%'-#")"#"&3%'13+%$&1>%3#0(&*#3%.&,"*&%#$&".%3="113%<"#$%&U>&."&*-&%4d+$*3+*9%CDECN%
L.<"*9%CDESN%'*(%P'-P"11&*9%CDER89%_3"*2%-."#"-'1%#$"*="*2%#+%<+.=%#$&".%<'A%#$.+02$%#$&".%>.+-&33&3%
'>>.+>."'#&1A%'11+<3%,+.%/"3#'=&39%<$"-$%&*$'*-"*2%#$&%1&)&1%'*(%X0'1"#A%+,%#$&".%1&'.*"*2%'*(%1+*2?
#&./%3="11@%%
Assessment'and'Evaluation''
O33&33/&*#%'*(%L)'10'#"+*%4OML8%+--0.3%"*%#<+%("/&*3"+*3W%OML%+,%('#'%1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*%"#3&1,9%
'*(%OML%+,%3#0(&*#3%&*2'2&(%"*%('#'%1"#&.'-A%1&'.*"*2@%
O3%&3#':1"3$&(%&'.1"&.9%3#0(&*#3J%1&)&13%+,%3="11%'#%-+//&*-&/&*#%+,%-+0.3&3%'*(%>.+2.'/3%#+('A%'.&%
)'."&(%'*(%"*-+*3"3#&*#@%a+.%#$"3%.&'3+*%"#%"3%"/>+.#'*#%,+.%>.&%#&3#3e30.)&A3%#+%:&%-+*(0-#&(%4^<'*9%
&#%'1@9%CDDZN%d+*&39%c'/'*'09%6.+339%M%Y&'1"*29%CDDZ89%#+%&*30.&%#$'#%#$&%&(0-'#"+*%"3%0*(&.3#'*(':1&%
'*(%'>>.+>."'#&%,+.%&)&.A+*&9%'*(%'11+<3%,+.%"*(")"(0'1%#'.2&#&(%$&1>9%+.%-$'*2&3%#+%#$&%>'-&%+,%#$&%
"*3#.0-#"+*%4c&&)&3%M%Y+*"29%CDESN%'*(%n"*%M%GJ52*';"+9%CDED:8@%B+3#%#&3#e30.)&A3%-'*%#$&*%>.+)"(&%
,&&(:'-=%,+.%"/>.+)&/&*#3%,+.%,0#0.&%(&3"2*%+.%'>>1"-'#"+*%4n"*%M%GJ52*';"+9%CDED:N%c&&)&3%M%
Y+*"29%CDES89%.'*2"*2%,.+/%#++139%#+%"*3#.0-#"+*9%#+%30:l&-#%/'##&.@%O%('#'%1"#&.'-A%3&1,%'33&33/&*#%
#++19%"*,+./&(%:A%'%*&&(?(.")&*%-+/>&#&*-"&3%/'#."U%1"=&%#$&%+*&%"*%O>>&*("U%E9%<"11%$&1>%#.'-=%
30--&33%'#%"/>'.#"*2%*&-&33'.A%=*+<1&(2&%'*(%3="113%#+%3#0(&*#3@%%
O33&33/&*#%'*(%&)'10'#"+*%+,%3#0(&*#3%"3%&33&*#"'1%"*%#$&%&(0-'#"+*%>.+-&33@%!"#$+0#%)'1"('#"+*9%#$&%
"*3#.0-#+.%-'**+#%=*+<%<$&#$&.%#$&%"*3#.0-#"+*%<'3%&,,&-#")&%+.%03&,01@%7$&%-$'11&*2&%'."3&3%"*%#$&%
/&#$+(%+,%-+*(0-#"*2%#$&3&%,+.%('#'%1"#&.'-A%'*(%#<&*#A?,".3#%-&*#0.A%3="113@%^<'*%'*(%I.+<*%'.20&%
#$'#%,+./'1%3="113%'33&33/&*#%"3%*+#%'3%,')+.&(%'3%>.'-#"-'1%'33&33/&*#%4CDDT89%>.+:':1A%(0&%#+%('#'%
1"#&.'-A%:&"*2%'%3="119%*+#%3"/>1A%=*+<1&(2&@%`"X0&#&%.&-+2*";&3%#$'#%'33&33/&*#%/03#%&*-+/>'33%
/+.&%#$'*%l03#%"*,+./'#"+*9%-+*#&*#9%'*(%.&301#39%:0#%&)'10'#"+*%+,%#$&%&*#".&%>.+-&33%4CDEC8@%Y'##<"29%
I033&.#9%P&('"11&9%'*(%I0.2&33%'.20&%"#&.'#")&%'33&33/&*#%"3%#$&%:&3#%<'A%#+%&)'10'#&%('#'%1"#&.'-A%
4CDEF89%&*30."*2%#$'#%'11%'3>&-#3%+,%#$&%3="11%'.&%0*(&.3#++(9%'*(%*+#%l03#%>'.#3%+,%#$&%<$+1&@%6$"*"&*%
'*(%I+0#"*%.&-+//&*(%X0'1"#'#")&%'*(%X0'*#"#'#")&%'*'1A3"3%:&%l+"*&(%#$.+02$%3-&*'."+?:'3&(%
#&3#"*29%<$"-$%/&'30.&3%-+2*"#")&%'*(%#&-$*"-'1%3="113%4CDEE8@%%
7$&.&%'.&%3&)&.'1%.&3+0.-&3%')'"1':1&%,+.%-+*301#'#"+*%#$'#%-'*%:&%"*#&2.'#&(%"*#+%('#'%1"#&.'-A%
'33&33/&*#@%O3%/&*#"+*&(%':+)&9%5*,+./'#"+*%'*(%\"30'1%1"#&.'-"&3%$')&%/'*A%+)&.1'>>"*2%
-+/>&#&*-"&3N%#$&%O`OJ3%ACRL$Information$Literacy$Competency$Standards$for$Higher$Education$4CDDD8%
'*(%ACRL$Visual$Literacy$Competency$Standards$for$Higher$Education%4CDEE8%"*-10(&%>&.,+./'*-&%
"*("-'#+.3%#$'#%-'*%:&%"*-+.>+.'#&(%"*%('#'%1"#&.'-A%'33&33/&*#%'*(%&)'10'#"+*@%7$&%]L6G%>.+)"(&3%
&(0-'#+.3%<"#$%'%(&3-.">#"+*%+,%>.+,"-"&*-A%1&)&13%,+.%#'3=%-&*#.&(%'33&33/&*#9%'3%<&11%'3%$"2$1"2$#3%
23

#$&%03&,01*&33%+,%#$&%B.+2.'//&%,+.%5*#&.*'#"+*'1%^#0(&*#%O33&33/&*#%4B5^O8%'3%'*%'33&33/&*#%
.&3+0.-&%4CDEF8@%7$&%6+0*-"1%,+.%O"(%#+%L(0-'#"+*%"3%'*%O/&."-'*%3&.)"-&%#$'#%>.+)"(&3%'33&33/&*#%
,+.%'%.'*2&%+,%&(0-'#"+*%1&)&13@%7$&".%6`Op%>.+2.'/%'33&33&3%CE3#%-&*#0.A%3="11%03&%30-$%'3%-."#"-'1%
#$"*="*29%>.+:1&/%3+1)"*29%'*(%.&'3+*"*2%03"*2%>&.,+./'*-&%#'3=3%4CDES8@%%
])&.'119%>+3#?3&-+*('.A%&(0-'#"+*%$'3%#$&%+>>+.#0*"#A%#+%&*'-#%-$'*2&%"*%CE3#%-&*#0.A%3+-"&#A@%7$"3%
<"11%$&1>%&*30.&%2.'(0'#&3%'.&%>.&>'.&(%#+%:&%>.+(0-#")&%-"#";&*3%'*(%&/>1+A&&3@%^#'*('.(3%,+.%
&(0-'#"+*%'.&%'1<'A3%-$'*2"*29%'*(%"#%"3%(",,"-01#%#+%(&-"(&%<$'#%"3%'%>."+."#A%"*%'*A%2")&*%A&'.@%!&%
'33&.#%#$'#%('#'%3="113%'*(%=*+<1&(2&%'.&%)"#'19%'*(%3$+01(%:&%'((.&33&(%"*%#$&%*&'.%#&./%#+%&*30.&%
6'*'('%-+*#"*0&3%#+%>.+(0-&%3#0(&*#3%>.&>'.&(%#+%:&%21+:'1%-"#";&*3%'*(%1&'(&.3@%%
Additional'Resources''
Institute:'!&:%^-"&*-&%6+*,&.&*-&%
Name:'a".3#%G'#'%`"#&.'-A%!+.=3$+>'
Type:']*&?+,,%<+.=3$+>%%
Description:'7$&%a".3#%G'#'%`"#&.'-A%!+.=3$+>%+--0..&(%+*%d0*&%FD9%CDES9%'#%#$&%!&:^-"&*-&%
-+*,&.&*-&%$&1(%'#%]U,+.(%_*")&.3"#A9%"*%]U,+.(9%_*"#&(%K"*2(+/@%7$&%<+.=3$+>%"*)&3#"2'#&(%#$&%
>+#&*#"'1%,+.%/01#"("3-">1"*'.A%.&3&'.-$%"*#+%<$'#%('#'%1"#&.'-A%/&'*3%,+.%3+-"&#A%'3%'%<$+1&9%<$A%"#%
/'##&.39%'*(%$+<%"#%/"2$#%:&%,'-"1"#'#&(@%7$&%<+.=3$+>%"*-10(&(%'%>'*&1%+,%3>&'=&.39%#$&%
>.&3&*#'#"+*%+,%,+0.%>'>&.3%+*%#+>"-3%30-$%'3%('#'%)"30'1";'#"+*9%0.:'*%('#'%3-$++139%'*(%+#$&.39%'*(%
'%,011%<+.=3$+>%("3-033"+*%,+-03&(%+*%-.&'#"*2%'%('#'%'2&*('%,+.%,0#0.&%-++>&.'#"+*%'*(%<+.=@%%
Link:'G'#'%`"#&.'-A@%4CDES8@%E3#%G`%!+.=3$+>@%c&#."&)&(%,.+/%
$##>Wee<<<@('#'1"#&.'-A@&"#'@+.2@:.eE3#?(1?<+.=3$+>e%%
Institute:'_*")&.3"#A%+,%7+.+*#+9%"^-$++1%
Name:'5ba%CEESY%G'#'%`":.'."'*3$">'
Type:'P'3#&.3?1&)&1'6+0.3&%
Description:'7$&%5ba%CEESY%G'#'%`":.'."'*3$">%-+0.3&%#'02$#%'#%#$&%_*")&.3"#A%+,%7+.+*#+J3%"^-$++1%
4'3%>'.#%+,%"#3%P`5^%>.+2.'/8%,+-03&3%+*%#+>"-3%.&1'#&(%#+%#$&%'-X0"3"#"+*9%/'*'2&/&*#9%'*(%.&#."&)'1%
+,%*0/&."-'1%3#'#"3#"-3%'*(%('#'@%7+>"-3%-+)&.&(%"*-10(&%>0:1"-9%>.")'#&%'*(%'-'(&/"-%3&-#+.%('#'%
2'#$&."*29%3#'#"3#"-'1%>.+(0-#"+*%'*(%("33&/"*'#"+*9%<'.&$+03"*2%'*(%/'*'2&/&*#9%.&>+3"#+."&3%'*(%
-+*3+.#"'9('#'%&U#.'-#"+*%'*(%/'*">01'#"+*9%'*(%>.")'-A%"330&3@%7$&%-+0.3&%"*-10(&3%-+*-&>#0'1%4&@2@%
.&'("*238%'*(%>.'-#"-'1%&1&/&*#3%4&@2@%$'*(3?+*%'33"2*/&*#389%'*(%.&X0".&3%#$'#%3#0(&*#%:&-+/&%
-+/>&#&*#%<"#$%('#'%'*'1A3"3%#++13%I&A+*(%CDeCD%'*(%^B^^@%%
Link:'$##>Wee/--',,.&A@"3-$++1@0#+.+*#+@-'eCEESe3A11':03@>(,%%
Institute:'P'33'-$03&##3%5*3#"#0#&%+,%7&-$*+1+2A%4P578%%
Name:'7'-=1"*2%#$&%6$'11&*2&3%+,%I"2%G'#'%
Type:']*1"*&%6+0.3&%%
Description:'7$"3%3"U%<&&=%+*1"*&%-+*#"*0"*2%&(0-'#"+*%-+0.3&%+,,&.&(%'#%P57%"3%'"/&(%'#%&(0-'#"*2%
>.+,&33"+*'13%+*%/'l+.%#&-$*+1+2"&3%'*(%'>>1"-'#"+*3%#$'#%'.&%(.")"*2%#$&%gI"2%G'#'%.&)+10#"+*h9%
<"#$%#$&%"*#&*#%+,%"/>'.#"*2%>.'-#"-'1%3="113%'*(%=*+<1&(2&@%7$&%-+0.3&%-+*3"3#3%+,%,")&%/+(01&3%
-+)&."*2%ET%#+>"-%'.&'39%<"#$%CD%$+0.3%+,%>.&?.&-+.(&(%1&-#0.&%3&33"+*3@%L'-$%/+(01&%$'3%'%
-+..&3>+*("*2%'33"2*/&*#%'*(%.&1'#&(%-'3&%3#0("&3@%7+>"-3%-+)&.&(%:A%#$&%-+0.3&%"*-10(&%('#'%
-+11&-#"+*%4&@2@%3/'.#>$+*&39%3&*3+.39%#$&%!&:89%('#'%3#+.'2&%'*(%>.+-&33"*2%4&@2@.&1'#"+*'1%
('#':'3&39%Y'(++>9%&#-@89%&U#.'-#"*2%3#.0-#0.&(%('#'%,.+/%0*3#.0-#0.&(%('#'9%3A3#&/3%"330&39%
24

'*'1A#"-3%4/'-$"*&%1&'.*"*29%('#'%-+/>.&33"+*9%&,,"-"&*#%'12+."#$/389%'*(%)"30'1";'#"+*@%7$&%-+0.3&%"3%
#'02$#%:A%7$&%-+0.3&%"3%#'02$#%:A%'%#&'/%,.+/%P579%'*(%#$&%6+/>0#&.%^-"&*-&%'*(%O.#","-"'1%
5*#&11"2&*-&%`':+.'#+.A%46^O5`8@%7$&%>."-&%+,%#$&%-+0.3&%"3%qSRS9%'*(%3#0(&*#3%'.&%'<'.(&(%'%
-&.#","-'#&%0>+*%30--&33,01%-+/>1&#"+*%+,%#$&%>.+2.'/@%%
Link:'%$##>3Wee/"#>.+,&33"+*'1U@/"#@&(0e-+0.3&3e-+0.3&?)EWP57B.+,&33"+*'1jpf@IGUpS7CDESe':+0#%%
Institute:']>&*%G'#'%5*3#"#0#&%
Name:'\'."+03%
Type:'5*?>&.3+*%!+.=3$+>3%
Description:'7$&%]>&*%G'#'%5*3#"#0#&%"*%`+*(+*9%_*"#&(%K"*2(+/%+,,&.3%'%)'."&#A%+,%>.'-#"-'1%
-+0.3&3%+*%+>&*%('#'%4&@2@%H]>&*%G'#'%,+.%^/'.#%6"#"&3J9%H]>&*%G'#'%"*%'%G'A%,+.%Q+)&.*/&*#J9%
HP'*'2"*2%c"3=%<"#$%]>&*%G'#'J9%&#-@8@%6+0.3&3%.'*2&%,.+/%+*&%#+%3"U%('A3%"*%1&*2#$9%'*(%.&X0".&%
)'.A"*2%1&)&13%+,%,+0*('#"+*'1%&U>&.#"3&%4"@&@%:&2"**&.9%+.%&U>&."&*-&(%"*,+./'#"+*%>.+,&33"+*'19%
'*'1A3#39%"*#&11"2&*-&%>&.3+**&19%&#-@8@%6+0.3&3%+,,&.%'%/"U%+,%#$&+.&#"-'1%-1'33?:'3&(%1&'.*"*29%'3%<&11%
'3%$'*(3?+*%&U&.-"3&3@%%
Link:'$##>Wee+>&*('#'"*3#"#0#&@+.2e-+0.3&3%
Institute:'^-$++1%+,%G'#'%
Name:'\'."+03'
Type:']*1"*&%6+0.3&%
Description:'7$&%^-$++1%+,%G'#'%+,,&.3%,.&&%+*1"*&%"*(&>&*(&*#%-+0.3&3@6+0.3&3%"*-10(&%HG'#'%
a0*('/&*#'13J9%HO%Q&*#1&%5*#.+(0-#"+*%#+%61&'*"*2%G'#'J9%H!+.="*2%<"#$%I0(2&#3%'*(%^>&*("*2%
G'#'J9%'*(%+#$&.3@%6+0.3&3%'.&%3#.0-#0.&(%"*#+%/+(01&39%'*(%"*-10(&%#$&+.&#"-'1%=*+<1&(2&%'3%<&11%'3%
$'*(3?+*%&U&.-"3&3@%7$&%)"&<%+,%#$&%^-$++1%"3%#$'#%('#'%3$+01(%:&%+>&*%'*(%03&':1&%#+%&)&.A+*&9%'*(%
#$03%g<+.=3%#+%&/>+<&.%-")"1%3+-"&#A%+.2'*";'#"+*39%l+0.*'1"3#3%'*(%-"#";&*3%<"#$%#$&%3="113%#$&A%*&&(%
#+%03&%('#'%&,,&-#")&1A%"*%#$&".%&,,+.#3%#+%-.&'#&%/+.&%&X0"#':1&%'*(%&,,&-#")&%3+-"&#"&3h@%%
Link:'$##>Wee3-$++1+,('#'@+.2e%%
Institute:'_*")&.3"#A%+,%G&1'<'.&%
Name:'O*'1A#"-3W%]>#"/";"*2%I"2%G'#'%6&.#","-'#&'
Type:'5*?>&.3+*%6+0.3&%
Description:'7$"3%-+*#"*0"*2%&(0-'#"+*%-+0.3&%+,,&.&(%:A%#$&%_*")&.3"#A%+,%G&1'<'.&%'"/3%#+%#&'-$%
3#0(&*#3%$+<%#+%2'#$&.9%+.2'*";&9%'*(%&,,&-#")&1A%'*'1A;&%1'.2&%('#'3&#3%"*%+.(&.%#+%/'=&%"*,+./&(%
:03"*&33%(&-"3"+*3@^#0(&*#3%'.&%'13+%#'02$#%$+<%#+%-+//0*"-'#&%#$&".%'*'1A3&3%"*%'%-1&'.%'*(%-+*-"3&%
/'**&.@%7$&%-+0.3&%"3%#'02$#%+)&.%'%$'1,?3&/&3#&.9%'*(%-+*3"3#3%+,%,+0.%/'"*%/+(01&3W%O*'1A#"-3%
I'3"-39%I"2%G'#'%7++139%B.+-&33%6+*#.+1%'*(%6'>':"1"#A9%'*(%'*%5*(")"(0'1%6'3&%^#0(A%B.+l&-#@%
P+(01&3%'.&%#'02$#%'#%#$&%IO%1&)&19%:0#%+>&*%#+%'11?-+/&.3@%7$&%-+0.3&%-+3#3%qC9VZS%'*(%3#0(&*#3%'.&%
'<'.(&(%'%-&.#","-'#&%0>+*%-+/>1&#"+*@%%%%
Link:%$##>Wee<<<@>-3@0(&1@&(0e('#'e%%
Institute:'6+0*-"1%,+.%O"(%#+%L(0-'#"+*%
Name:'6`Op'
Type:'5*?-1'33%+.%+*1"*&%'33&33/&*#%%
Description:'7$&%6+11&2&%`&'.*"*2%O33&33/&*#%46`Op8%&)'10'#&3%3="113%#$'#%'.&%&33&*#"'1%,+.%#$&%
<+.=>1'-&%'*(%1",&%+0#3"(&%+,%#$&%-1'33.++/9%'*(%/&'30.&3%-."#"-'1%#$"*="*2%3="1139%>.+:1&/?3+1)"*29%
3-"&*#","-%'*(%X0'*#"#'#")&%.&'3+*"*29%-."#"-'1%.&'3+*"*2%'*(%&)'10'#"+*9%'*(%-."#"X0"*2%'*%'.20/&*#@%
25

7$&%'33&33/&*#%-+*3"3#3%+,%#<+%>'.#3@%7$&%,".3#%"3%'%B&.,+./'*-&%7'3=%#$'#%"*)+1)&3%'%/01#"?3#&>%
>.+:1&/%.&X0"."*2%3#0(&*#3%#+%#+%'*'1A;&%'%.&'1?<+.1(%3-&*'."+%'*(%(&3"2*%'%)"':1&9%A&#%-.&'#")&%
3+10#"+*@%7$&%3&-+*(%-+/>+*&*#%-+*3"3#3%X0&3#"+*3%'"/&(%'#%/&'30."*2%X0'1"#'#")&%'*(%3-"&*#","-%
.&'3+*"*29%-."#"-'1%.&'("*2%'*(%&)'10'#"+*9%'*(%#$&%':"1"#A%#+%.&-+2*";&%1+2"-'1%,'11'-"&3@7$&%
'33&33/&*#%-'*%:&%-'.."&(%+0#%"*?-1'33%'#%'%(&3"2*'#&(%0*")&.3"#A%4",%"#%"3%'%.&X0".&/&*#%+,%3'"(%
0*")&.3"#A89%+.%+*1"*&@%_>+*%-+/>1&#"+*9%3#0(&*#3%.&-&")&%6`Op%>&.-&*#"1&%.'*="*2%'*(%/'3#&.A%
1&)&19%'*(%",%#$&A%3-+.&(%$"2$%&*+02$9%'%("2"#'1%:'(2&%#+%:&%03&(%+*%`"*=&("*@%%
Link:'$##>Wee-'&@+.2e%%
Institute:'G'#'%^-"&*-&%6&*#.'1%
Name:'G'#'%^-"&*-&%!&:"*'.3%'
Type:']*1"*&%!&:"*'.%
Description:%G'#'%^-"&*-&%6&*#.'1%'-#3%'3%'*%+*1"*&%-+//0*"#A%$0:%,+.%('#'%3-"&*#"3#3%'*(%
>.'-#"#"+*&.3@%7$&%3"#&%$+3#3%'%*0/:&.%+,%)"(&+%<&:"*'.3%-.&'#&(%:A%-+//0*"#A%/&/:&.3%#$'#%-'*%:&%
)"&<&(%,+.%,.&&@%`&*2#$%+,%<&:"*'.3%.'*2&%,.+/%'%,&<%/"*0#&3%#+%/01#">1&%$+0.39%<"#$%#+>"-3%30-$%'3%
('#'%/"*"*29%(&.")"*2%'*'1A#"-%"*3"2$#39%('#'%)"30'1";'#"+*9%>.&("-#")&%('#'%/+(&11"*29%'*(%#.'"*"*2%
,+.%('#'%'*'1A3"3%#++13%4&@2@%Y'(++>8@%!&:"*'.3%'.&%'"/&(%'#%:+#$%:'3"-%'*(%'()'*-&(%03&.3@%
Link:'$##>Wee<<<@('#'3-"&*-&-&*#.'1@-+/e%%
Institute:'bO^O%L'.#$%G'#'%
Name:'G'#'%G"3-+)&.A%7++13'
Type:'G'#'%O*'1A3"3e\"30'1";'#"+*%7++13%%
Description:'O3%>'.#%+,%bO^OJ3%L'.#$%^-"&*-&%G'#'%^A3#&/3%B.+2.'/9%#$&%L'.#$%]:3&.)"*2%^A3#&/%
G'#'%'*(%5*,+./'#"+*%^A3#&/%4L]^G5^8%>.+)"(&3%'%*0/:&.%+,%'()'*-&(%('#'%("3-+)&.A%#++13%#$'#%
-'*%:&%03&(%:A%03&.3%#+%-'..A%+0#%3&'.-$9%'*'1A3"39%'*(%)"30'1";'#"+*%+,%bO^O%&'.#$%3-"&*-&%('#'@%
7++13%'.&%1++3&1A%-1'33","&(%"*#+%#$&%,+11+<"*2%-'#&2+."&3W%^&'.-$%'*(%].(&.%7++139%G'#'%Y'*(1"*2%
4c&'(e5*2&3#9%a+./'#%6+*)&.3"+*9%G'#'%P'*">01'#"+*89%^0:3&##"*2%'*(%a"1#&."*2%7++13%47&/>+.'19%
^>'#"'19%B'.'/&#&.9%6$'**&189%Q&+1+-'#"+*9%c&>.+l&-#"+*9%'*(%P'>>"*2%7++139%'*(%G'#'%\"30'1";'#"+*%
M%O*'1A3"3%7++13@%%%
Link:'$##>3Wee&'.#$('#'@*'3'@2+)e&'.#$?+:3&.)'#"+*?('#'e#++13%
Institute(s):'_*")&.3"#A%+,%P'33'-$03&##3%P&("-'1%^-$++19%Q&+.2&%6@%Q+.(+*%`":.'.A9%!+.-&3#&.%
B+1A#&-$*"-%5*3#"#0#&%'
Name:'a.'/&<+.=3%,+.%G'#'%P'*'2&/&*#%60.."-010/%'
Type:'60.."-010/%G+-0/&*#%%
Description:'6+*3"3#3%+,%'',.'/&<+.=%,+.%'%('#'%/'*'2&/&*#%-0.."-010/%'*(%-+..&3>+*("*2%-+0.3&%
>1'*%('#'%/'*'2&/&*#%"*3#.0-#"+*%'"/&(%'#%0*(&.2.'(0'#&%'*(%2.'(0'#&%3#0(&*#3%"*%#$&%3-"&*-&9%
$&'1#$%3-"&*-&9%'*(%&*2"*&&."*2%("3-">1"*&3@%7$&%>.+>+3&(%-+0.3&%-+*3"3#3%+,%3&)&*%/+(01&39%'*(%
,+0.%-'3&%3#0("&3%"*%+.(&.%#+%>0#%#$&+.A%"*#+%>.'-#"-&@%%%
Link:%$##>Wee1":.'.A@0/'33/&(@&(0e('#'r/'*'2&/&*#r,.'/&<+.=3@>(,'%
Institute(s):'^c5%5*#&.*'#"+*'19%b'#"+*'1%^-"&*-&%a+0*('#"+*9%c&3&'.-$%6&*#&.%,+.%L(0-'#"+*'1%
7&-$*+1+2A%
Name:'7$"*="*2%<"#$%G'#'%B.+l&-#'
Type:'5*?>&.3+*%-+0.3&e<+.=3$+>'
Description:'7$"*="*2%!"#$%G'#'%47!G8%-+*3"3#3%+,%,+0.9%#<+%<&&=%/+(01&39%.&3>&-#")&1A%"*%3+-"'1%
26

3#0("&39%/'#$&/'#"-39%3-"&*-&9%'*(%L*21"3$%1'*20'2&%'.#3@%7$&A%g'((.&33%"330&3%+,%('#'%
.&>.&3&*#'#"+*9%-+//+*%/&'30.&9%'*(%>.+>+.#"+*'1%.&'3+*"*29%03"*2%.&'1%('#'%'--&33&(%,.+/%.&'1%
<+.1(%/&("'%3+0.-&3%"*%("3-">1"*&?3>&-","-9%>.+:1&/?3+1)"*2%-+*#&U#3%'*(%'1"2*%<"#$%.&1&)'*#%30:l&-#%
'.&'%3#'*('.(3h%4C8@%7$"3%.&X0".&3%3#0(&*#3%#+%,+./01'#&%'*(%'*3<&.%('#'?:'3&(%X0&3#"+*3N%03&%
'>>.+>."'#&%('#'9%#++139%'*(%.&>.&3&*#'#"+*3N%'*(%(&)&1+>%'*(%&)'10'#&%('#'%:'3&(%"*,&.&*-&3%:'3&(%
+*%<+.1(%<'#&.%"330&3@%7$"3%.&1'#&3%#+%#$&%'>>.+'-$%Preparation$for$Future$Learning%#$'#%$"2$1"2$#3%
3#.0-#0.&9%"*#&.*'1";"*2%=&A%("/&*3"+*3%'*(%'>>1A"*2%"#%"*%'%)'."&#A%+,%-+*#&U#3@'
Link:'$##>3Wee<<<@3."@-+/e<+.=e>.+l&-#3e#$"*="*2?<"#$?('#'%%
Further'Research/Research'Gaps''
!&%$')&%"(&*#","&(%3&)&.'1%'.&'3%<$&.&%<&%$+>&(%#+%,"*(%1"#&.'#0.&9%&"#$&.%,+./'1%+.%"*,+./'19%:0#%
-+01(%*+#%,"*(%'*A#$"*2%#$'#%30,,"-"&*#1A%'((.&33&(%#$&%X0&3#"+*3%<&%$'(@%
Geospatial/Temporal'Data'Management''
G'#'%/'*'2&/&*#%"3%'%.&-0.."*2%-+/>&#&*-A%#$.+02$+0#%#$&%&U"3#"*2%1"#&.'#0.&@%Y+<&)&.9%#$&.&%"3%
1"##1&%42&*&.'18%('#'%1"#&.'-A?.&1'#&(%/'#&."'1%#$'#%,+-03&3%+*%2&+3>'#"'1e#&/>+.'1%('#'%/'*'2&/&*#%
'*(%+>&.':"1"#A%4&@2@%/'*'2"*2%.&'1?#"/&%#.'-="*2%('#'%03"*2%Q5^%'*(%+#$&.%3+,#<'.&%3A3#&/38@%7$"3%
#A>&%+,%('#'%/'*'2&/&*#%-0..&*#1A%-+*3#"#0#&3%'%H*"-$&J%'3>&-#%+,%('#'%1"#&.'-A@%Y+<&)&.9%#$&%
-+*#"*0"*2%>.+1",&.'#"+*%'*(%"/>+.#'*-&%+,%+>&*%('#'%'*(%Q5^%'>>1"-'#"+*3%"3%1"=&1A%#+%.'"3&%#$&%
"/>+.#'*-&%+,%=*+<1&(2&%'33+-"'#&(%<"#$%<+.="*2%<"#$%#$"3%#A>&%+,%('#'@%
P'*A%0*")&.3"#"&3%>+33&33%'-#")&%Q5^%>.+2.'/3%+.%-&*#.&3@%7$&%:'3&3%+,%=*+<1&(2&%#$'#%#$&3&%-&*#.&3%
'*(%>.+2.'/3%>.+)"(&%-+01(%3&.)&%'3%,+0*('#"+*%,+.%l+"*#%>'.#*&.3$">3%'*(%,0.#$&.%.&3&'.-$%"*#+%
$+<%2&+3>'#"'1%'*(%#&/>+.'1%('#'%/'*'2&/&*#%3$+01(%:&%"*-+.>+.'#&(%"*#+%('#'%1"#&.'-A%1&'.*"*2@%%%
'
Data'Literacy'Requirements'informed'by'Employer'Need'
7$&%.&)"&<&(%1"#&.'#0.&%1"3#3%/'*A%('#'%1"#&.'-A%-+/>&#&*-"&3%'*(%3="113%#$'#%-+01(%:&%#'02$#%'#%#$&%
>+3#3&-+*('.A%1&)&1@%Y+<&)&.9%<"#$%#$&%&U-&>#"+*%+,%'%,&<%3+0.-&39%#$&3&%-+/>&#&*-"&3%'.&%
&U-103")&1A%<."##&*%'*(%-+/>"1&(%:A%'-'(&/"-3%'*(e+.%&(0-'#"+*'1%+.2'*";'#"+*3@%7$&.&%'.&%,&<%
3+0.-&3%,.+/%3>&-","-%"*(03#."&3%4&@2@%:03"*&339%>0:1"-%3&-#+.9%&#-@8%#$'#%1"3#%('#'%1"#&.'-A?.&1'#&(%3="113%
.&X0".&(%,+.%>.+3>&-#")&%l+:3%'*(%>+3"#"+*3@%%
a0.#$&.%.&3&'.-$%"*#+%#$"3%'.&'%4&@2@%'%30.)&A%+,%"*(03#.A%>.+,&33"+*'13%,.+/%(",,&.&*#%3&-#+.38%/'A%
.&)&'1%-+**&-#"+*3%4+.%>+33":1&%("3-+**&-#38%:&#<&&*%<$'#%'-'(&/"'%:&1"&)&%3$+01(%:&%#'02$#9%'*(%
<$'#%"*(03#.A%&/>1+A&.3%'.&%'-#0'11A%1++="*2%,+.%<$&*%$"."*2%*&<%2.'(0'#&3@%%
Lack'of'Agreed'Upon'Standards'and'Best'Practices'
7$&.&%'.&%-0..&*#1A%*+%'2.&&(%0>+*%0*")&.3'1%3#'*('.(3%+.%:&3#%>.'-#"-&3%,+.%#&'-$"*2%('#'%1"#&.'-A%'#%
#$&%>+3#3&-+*('.A%1&)&1@%P&#$+(3%+,%'33&33/&*#%'13+%)'.A%:'3&(%+*%(&1")&.A%#A>&%4&@2@%-+0.3&9%
<+.=3$+>9%&#-@89%'*(%-+*#&*#@%O0#$+.3%3#.&33%#$&%"/>+.#'*-&%+,%#$&%-.&'#"+*%+,%'%0*")&.3'1%3#'*('.(%
,+.%('#'%1"#&.'-A%-+/>&#&*-"&3%'="*%#+%#$&%O33+-"'#"+*%+,%6+11&2&%'*(%c&3&'.-$%`":.'."&3%4O6c`8J3%
5*,+./'#"+*%`"#&.'-A%6+/>&#&*-A%^#'*('.(3%,+.%Y"2$&.%L(0-'#"+*@%%
6++>&.'#"+*%<"#$%+#$&.%0*")&.3"#"&39%'33+-"'#"+*39%'*(%2+)&.*/&*#%-+01(%>+#&*#"'11A%1&'(%#+%#$&%
-.&'#"+*%+,%'2.&&(%0>+*%3#'*('.(3%'*(%:&3#%>.'-#"-&3%#$'#%-+01(%,'-"1"#'#&%&,,&-#")&%'*(%<"(&3>.&'(%
('#'%1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*@%%
27

Data'Security'
]*&%*&&(%+*1A%1++=%'#%#$&%L(<'.(%^*+<(&*%-'3&%+.%'*A%30-$%*0/:&.%+,%*&<3%3#+."&3%>&.#'"*"*2%#+%
1+3#%$'.(?(.")&3%-+*#'"*"*2%3&*3"#")&%"*,+./'#"+*%#+%.&-+2*";&%#$&%"/>+.#'*-&%+,%('#'%3&-0."#A@%7$&%
3'/&%#&-$*+1+2A%'*(%#++13%#$'#%/'=&%('#'%3+%/0-$%&'3"&.%#+%-+**&-#9%'*'1A;&9%'*(%3$'.&%-'*%'13+%:&%
03&(%#+%:.&'-$%3A3#&/3%#+%3#&'1%+.%-+..0>#%('#'@%G'#'%3&-0."#A%&U#&*(3%*+#%+*1A%#+%#$&%("2"#'1%'*(%
+*1"*&%<+.1(9%:0#%'13+%$+<%#+%$'*(1&%3&*3"#")&%('#'%"*%>$A3"-'1%,+./%4&@2@%&U#&.*'1%$'.(%(.")&39%_^I%
=&A39%&#-@8@%60..&*#%,+-03%+*%('#'%3&-0."#A%1&'*3%#+<'.(%#$&%-+/>0#&.%3-"&*-&%("3-">1"*&9%<"#$%1"##1&%
#$+02$#%2")&*%#+%$+<%#$"3%3$+01(%:&%#'02$#%#+%/+.&%2&*&.'1%('#'%1"#&.'-A%'0("&*-&3%4"@&@%
0*(&.2.'(0'#&%3#0(&*#38@%%
Data'Ethics'
6+**&-#&(%#+%#$&%"330&%+,%('#'%3&-0."#A9%"3%#$'#%+,%('#'%&#$"-3@%7$&%#&-$*+1+2A%30..+0*("*2%('#'%
-+*#"*0&3%#+%'()'*-&%'#%'*%"*-.&(":1&%.'#&9%'*(%#$&.&%<"11%:&%03&39%"330&39%'*(%"/>1"-'#"+*3%,+.%('#'%
#$'#%<&%-'**+#%-0..&*#1A%"/'2"*&%+.%&*)"3"+*%4'*(%#$'#%<"11%1"=&1A%+0#>'-&%-0..&*#%1&2"31'#"+*8@%
P+.&+)&.9%'3%B&*#1'*(%>0#3%"#%<$&*%(&3-.":"*2%I"2%G'#'9%g#$&%':"1"#A%#+%#.'-=9%>.&("-#%'*(%&)&*%
-+*#.+1%#$&%:&$')"+.%+,%"*(")"(0'13%'*(%2.+0>3%+,%>&+>1&%"3%'%-1'33"-%&U'/>1&%+,%B.+/&#$&'*%,".&W%"#%
-'*%:&%03&(%,+.%2++(%+.%"11h%4B&*#1'*(9%CDEF9%>@%E8@%O1#$+02$%3+/&%'0#$+.3%>0#%&/>$'3"3%+*%('#'%
&#$"-39%#$&%/'l+."#A%&"#$&.%21+33%+)&.%+.%,'"1%#+%/'=&%*+#&%+,%"#@%Y+<&)&.9%"*%+.(&.%,+.%3#0(&*#3%#+%
0*(&.3#'*(%'*(%-."#"-'11A%#$"*=%':+0#%#$&%1'.2&.%"330&3%.&2'.("*2%('#'%1"#&.'-A9%#$03%/03#%$')&%'*%
0*(&.3#'*("*2%'*(%'<'.&*&33%+,%#$&%&#$"-3%30..+0*("*2%('#'@%%
a0.#$&.%"*)&3#"2'#"+*%+*%$+<%#+%&,,&-#")&1A%"*#&2.'#&%'*(%#&'-$%('#'%&#$"-3%<"11%&*30.&%#$'#%3#0(&*#3%
'.&%'<'.&%'*(%':1&%#+%#$"*=%-."#"-'11A%+*%-0..&*#9%'*(%A&#%#+%&/&.2&%"330&3%'*(%-$'11&*2&3%.&1'#&(%#+%
('#'%1"#&.'-A@%
Data'Literacy'for'the'Existing'Workforce'
G'#'%1"#&.'-A%"3%'%(&3>&.'#&1A%*&&(&(%3="11%"*%:+#$%3+-"&#A%'*(%&-+*+/A%#+('A9%:0#%#&'-$"*2%#$&%/'33%
'/+0*#%+,%>&+>1&%<$+%.&X0".&%"#%"3%'%-$'11&*2&9%'*(%/&."#3%,0.#$&.%3#0(A@%!$'#%"3%#$&%:&3#%/&#$+(%+,%
,'-"1"#'#"*2%'%1'.2&%2.+0>%+,%1&'.*&.3s%P'33")&%]*1"*&%]>&*%6+0.3&3%4P]]638%'.&%>+>01'.%."2$#%
*+<9%:0#%$+<%-'*%#$"3%/+3#%&,,&-#")&1A%:&%>.+)"(&(%#+%#$&%>0:1"-s%!$+%3$+01(%:&%.&3>+*3":1&%,+.%
>.+)"("*2%#$"3%#.'"*"*29%'*(%,+.%>'A"*2%,+.%"#s%%
Knowledge'Mobilization'
7$&%"/>+.#'*-&%+,%('#'%1"#&.'-A%&(0-'#"+*9%'*(%:&3#%>.'-#"-&3%'*(%3#.'#&2"&3%,+.%('#'%1"#&.'-A%#&'-$"*2%
'*(%1&'.*"*29%3$+01(%'*(%<"11%:&%-+//0*"-'#&(%#+%=&A%'0("&*-&3@%!&%$')&%1'0*-$&(9%'*(%"*%#$&%
-+/"*2%/+*#$3%<"11%>+>01'#&9%<<<@('#'1"#&.'-A@-'9%'%<&:3"#&%'"/&(%'#%/01#">1&%'0("&*-&3%'*(%
3$'."*2%#$&%.&301#3%+,%#$"3%=*+<1&(2&%3A*#$&3"3@%!&%'.&%"*%#$&%>.+-&33%+,%'0#$+."*2%'*%+>?&(%>"&-&%
,+.%30:/"33"+*%#+%#$&%Q1+:&%'*(%P'"19%>.&3&*#"*2%#$&3&%.&301#3%#+%#$&%>0:1"-%'*(%'()+-'#"*2%,+.%
*'#"+*'1%&*2'2&/&*#%"*%('#'%1"#&.'-A%#&'-$"*2@%!&%<"11%("33&/"*'#&%#$&%.&301#3%#+%2+)&.*/&*#%'*(%
bQ]%3#'=&$+1(&.3%'#%#$&%5/'2"*"*2%6'*'('t3%a0#0.&%a+.0/%"*%b+)&/:&.%CDES%"*%]##'<'9%'*(%#+%
'-'(&/"-%'0("&*-&3%)"'%l+0.*'1%'.#"-1&3%'*(%-+*,&.&*-&%>.&3&*#'#"+*3%+)&.%#$&%*&U#%3&)&.'1%<&&=3@%
B.&1"/"*'.A%.&301#3%$')&%'1.&'(A%:&&*%>.&3&*#&(%'#%#$&%O#1'*#"-%_*")&.3"#"&3%7&'-$"*2%^$+<-'3&@%
!&%'13+%>1'*%#+%3$+<-'3&%#$"3%<+.=%'#%#$&%EZ#$%O**0'1%G'1$+03"&%6+*,&.&*-&%+*%_*")&.3"#A%7&'-$"*2%
'*(%`&'.*"*2%4G6_7`89%#+%:&%$&1(%"*%O>."1%CDEf@%5#%"*-10(&3%'3%/'*A%'3%CDD%>'.#"-">'*#3%,.+/%'-.+33%
O#1'*#"-%6'*'('%'*(%:&A+*(@%7$&%CDEf%G6_7`%-+*,&.&*-&%#$&/&%<"11%&U>1+.&%#$&%=&A%+0#-+/&3%+,%'%
CE3#%6&*#0.A%60.."-010/@%!&%<"119%<"#$%6&*#.&%,+.%7&'-$"*2%'*(%`&'.*"*2%46`78%30>>+.#9%+.2'*";&%'%
28

G6_7`%-+*,&.&*-&%3#.&'/%(&("-'#&(%#+%('#'%1"#&.'-A%'-.+33%#$&%-0.."-010/9%,&'#0."*2%.&3&'.-$%
>'>&.39%>'*&1%>.&3&*#'#"+*39%'*(%<+.=3$+>3%,.+/%/&/:&.3%+,%#$&%>.+l&-#%#&'/9%'3%<&11%'3%+#$&.%
1&'(&.3%"*%#$&%'.&'%+,%('#'%1"#&.'-A%"*%$"2$&.%&(0-'#"+*@%%
!&%$')&%'>>1"&(%,+.%'-'(&/"-%"**+)'#"+*%,0*(3%'#%G'1$+03"&%_*")&.3"#A%#+%30>>+.#%'%>.+l&-#%#+%
(&)&1+>%/+(01'.%-0.."-010/%/'#&."'13%:'3&(%+*%<$'#%<&%1&'.*&(%<$&*%>.&>'."*2%#$"3%3A*#$&3"39%
'*(%#+%&/>"."-'11A%)'1"('#&%3+/&%+,%#$&%#$&+."&3%>.&3&*#&(%"*%#$&%1"#&.'#0.&@%7$"3%-+0.3&%<+01(%:&%
+,,&.&(%#+%,".3#?%+.%3&-+*(?A&'.%3#0(&*#3%'-.+33%G'1$+03"&%_*")&.3"#A9%'*(%<+01(%,+11+<%#$&%:&3#%
>.'-#"-&3%"(&*#","&(%$&.&@%%7$&%#&'-$"*2%.&3+0.-&3%-.&'#&(%<"11%:&%/'(&%')'"1':1&%+*%('#'1"#&.'-A@-'@%
O(("#"+*'11A9%#$.&&%+,%#$&%"*)&3#"2'#+.3%'.&%<+.="*2%<"#$%G'1$+03"&t3%LU&-0#")&%L(0-'#"+*%2.+0>%#+%
'((.&33%#$&%('#'%3="113%2'>%'#%#$&%/'*'2&/&*#%1&)&1%+,%1+-'1%:03"*&33&3@%%
a"*'11A9%<&%"*#&*(%#+%-+11':+.'#")&1A%'0#$+.%'%Q.&&*%Q0"(&%,+.%#$&%2&*&.'1%'0("&*-&%+,%$"2$&.%
&(0-'#"+*%&(0-'#+.3%"*#&.&3#&(%"*%#&'-$"*2%('#'%1"#&.'-A%"*%$"2$&.%&(0-'#"+*@%7$"3%:++=%3&."&39%
>0:1"3$&(%:A%#$&%^+-"&#A%,+.%7&'-$"*2%'*(%`&'.*"*2%"*%Y"2$&.%L(0-'#"+*9%,&'#0.&3%"*#.+(0-#+.A%
20"(&3%#+%=&A%#&'-$"*2%'*(%1&'.*"*2%#+>"-3%#$'#%'.&%'--&33":1&%#+%,'-01#A%'*(%"*3#.0-#+.3%'-.+33%#$&%
("3-">1"*&3%43&&%$##>Wee<<<@3#1$&@-'e>0:1"-'#"+*3e2.&&*?20"(&3e8@%
%
%
%%
29

References(
!"!#$%&'''(#$!"#$%&'()*+,-.)'%$.-/*,01%")+2/-/'01%3-,'4,*45%()*%6.78/*%94:0,-.)';%)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4566777#898#1,:68;,96<+8=/8,/<6-=01,28+-1=9-+*,8;>;124*+*=;>$$
"!#$%&'??(#$!"#$%<.5:,=%$.-/*,01%")+2/-/'01%3-,'4,*45%()*%6.78/*%94:0,-.)'#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4566777#898#1,:68;,96<+8=/8,/<6.-<@899-+*,8;>$$$
!<<1;-8+-1=$10$A199*:*$8=/$)*<*8,;3$"-B,8,-*<#$%&'?C(#$D1,E-=:$F,1@4$1=$G=+*,<*;+-1=<$10$H;3198,9>$
A122@=-;8+-1=$8=/$G=01,28+-1=$"-+*,8;>#%&'-/*5/0-.)'5%)(%308)=,*=1%")++:'.0,-.)'%,'4%&'()*+,-.)'%
$.-/*,01>%"*/,-.'7%3-*,-/7.0%")==,?)*,-.)'5%()*%,%"8,'7.'7%!0,4/+.0%9'@.*)'+/'-;$A3-;8:1I$G"5$
!<<1;-8+-1=$10$A199*:*$8=/$)*<*8,;3$"-B,8,-*<#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4566777#898#1,:68;,96<-+*<6898#1,:#8;,960-9*<6;1=+*=+64@B9-;8+-1=<673-+*484*,<6G=+*,<*;+-1=<#4/0$
J*=-+1I$K#L#$%&''M(#$"*8,=-=:#;12$N1-=<$+3*$O8,+=*,<3-4$01,$&?<+$;*=+@,>$<E-99<#$A:5.'/55%B.*/#$
)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4<566:91B89#08;+-.8#;126386/*08@9+#8<4PQ#6RSTU<@-/V?WC&C?CXC&YZ?'C&[XMYW'MX?CWYXZ$$$
J1>9*<I$\#$%&'?&(#$&?<+$;*=+@,>$E=179*/:*I$<E-99<I$8=/$8B-9-+-*<$8=/$*=+,*4,*=*@,-89$;124*+*=;-*<5$!$
21/*9$01,$@=/*,:,8/@8+*$*=+,*4,*=*@,<3-4$*/@;8+-1=#$C):*',=%)(%9'-*/2*/'/:*58.2%94:0,-.)'D%EFD%W?]
[[#$
J,*<=838=I$L#I$8=/$^13=<1=I$!#$%&'?W(#$J@-9/-=:$8$_=-0-*/$`8+8$8=/$G=01,28+-1=$"-+*,8;>$O,1:,825$
!$A1998B1,8+-.*$!44,18;3$+1$G=<+,@;+-1=#$aO17*,O1-=+b#$O1,+98=/I$c)5$_=-.*,<-+>$10$A191,8/1$
J1@9/*,#$/1-#1,:6?'#Z'XW6LM#dGFHe!)K#???MYZ'$
J@,/*++*I$!#L#I$T$L;"1@:39-=I$f#$%&'?'(#$_<-=:$;*=<@<$/8+8$-=$+3*$;98<<,112$+1$-=;,*8<*$g@8=+-+8+-.*$
9-+*,8;>$8=/$4,121+*$;,-+-;89$<1;-191:-;89$+3-=E-=:#$G/,08.'7%3)0.)=)71D%HI%C(I$&WY]&[Y#$
A8,9<1=I$^#I$^13=<+1=I$"#I$D*<+,8I$J#I$T$h-;319<I$L#$%&'?C(#$`*.*914-=:$8=$844,18;3$01,$/8+8$
28=8:*2*=+$*/@;8+-1=5$!$,*41,+$0,12$+3*$/8+8$-=01,28+-1=$9-+*,8;>$4,1N*;+#$G8/%&'-/*',-.)',=%C):*',=%
)(%J.7.-,=%":*,-.)'D%IKELD%&'W]&?Y#$/1-5?'#&&?X6-N/;#.X-?#&[W$$
A8,9<1=I$^#I$d1<2-,*I$L#I$L-99*,I$A#A#I$8=/$H844$h*9<1=I$L#$%&'??(#$`*+*,2-=-=:$/8+8$-=01,28+-1=$
9-+*,8;>$=**/<5$!$<+@/>$10$<+@/*=+<$8=/$,*<*8,;3$08;@9+>#$$.?*,*./5%,'4%-8/%!0,4/+1D%EEKMLI$Z&M]Z[Y#$
`cG5$?'#?C[C6498#&'??#''&&$
A3-=-*=I$A#I$T$J1@+-=I$d#$%&'??(#$`*0-=-=:$*<<*=+-89$/-:-+89$<E-99<$-=$+3*$A8=8/-8=$71,E498;*5$d-=89$
,*41,+#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4566777#=89/#;869-B,8,>6,*<*8,;36/-:-U*<U;8=U71,E498;*6/-:-U*<U;8=U71,E498;*#4/0$$
A1@=;-9$01,$!-/$+1$K/@;8+-1=#$%&'?[(#$A"!i$!<<*<<2*=+#$"!9#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4566;8*#1,:6$
A178=I$`#I$!9*=;8,I$O#I$T$L;F8,,>I$d#$%&'?W(#$O*,<4*;+-.*<$1=$14*=$/8+85$G<<@*<$8=/$1441,+@=-+-*<#$
&999D%GKKK$A1=0*,*=;*$1=$H10+78,*$H;-*=;*I$\*;3=191:>$8=/$K=:-=**,-=:#$`cG5$?'#??'M6HDH\K#&'?W#?X$
Aj*,E87<E-I$J#I$T$">28=$GGGI$K#$%&'?[(#$KP491,-=:$-<<@*<$8B1@+$;124@+8+-1=89$+3-=E-=:$-=$3-:3*,$
*/@;8+-1=#$G/08G*/'45D%FNKMLD%[Y]Z[#$
`8.*=41,+I$\#I$T$O8+-9I$`#^#$%&'?&(#$`8+8$H;-*=+-<+5$\3*$H*P-*<+$^1B$10$+3*$&?<+$A*=+@,>#$6,*@,*4%
A:5.'/55%#/@./O;$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4<5663B,#1,:6&'?&6?'6/8+8]<;-*=+-<+]+3*]<*P-*<+]N1B]10]+3*]&?<+]
;*=+@,>68,6?$
30

`*8=#$%&'?[(#$`8+8$"-+*,8;>#$6$B.P.%&'-/*',-.)',=;$aD-E-b#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4566397-E-#<98-<#@B;#;86-=/*P#4346`8+8U9-+*,8;>$$
`1@;*++*I$"#I$T$d>0*I$J#$%&'?C(#$`,17=-=:$-=$,*<*8,;3$/8+85$!//,*<<-=:$/8+8$28=8:*2*=+$9-+*,8;>$10$
:,8/@8+*$<+@/*=+<#$!"#$#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4566777#898#1,:68;,96<-+*<6898#1,:#8;,960-9*<6;1=+*=+6;1=0*,*=;*<6;1=0<8=/4,*;1=0<6&'?C6484*,<6`
1@;*++*d>0*U`,17=-=:#4/0$$
K,7-=I$)#$%&'?[(#$`8+8$9-+*,8;>5$)*89]71,9/$9*8,=-=:$+3,1@:3$4,1B9*2]<19.-=:$7-+3$/8+8$<*+<#$
!+/*.0,'%3/0)'4,*1%94:0,-.)'D%QHKMLI$?X]&Z#$
d,8@]L*-:<I$`#$%&'?&(#$\,8=<9-+*,8;>$8<$+3*$=*7$,*<*8,;3$31,-j1=$01,$2*/-8$8=/$-=01,28+-1=$9-+*,8;>#$
R/4.,%3-:4./5D%HKSLD%?W]&Y$
F-9*<I$^#$%&'?C(#$d1<+*,-=:$8$/8+8]/,-.*=$;@9+@,*#$G8/%90)')+.5-D%?]&&;$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4<566777#+8B9*8@#;126<-+*<6/*08@9+60-9*<673-+*484*,<6+8B9*8@U/8+8;@9+@,*U?C'&?M#4/0$$
F1.*,=2*=+$10$A8=8/8#$%&'?C(#$kA84-+89-j-=:$1=$J-:$`8+85$\178,/$8$O19-;>$d,82*71,E$01,$
!/.8=;-=:$`-:-+89$H;3198,<3-4$-=$A8=8/8l$a;1=<@9+8+-1=$/1;@2*=+b#$!.8-98B9*5$3++4566777#<<3,;]
;,<3#:;#;868B1@+]8@U<@N*+64@B9-;8+-1=<6/-:-+89U<;3198,<3-4U;1=<@9+8+-1=U*#4/0$
F,8>I$!#H#$%&''W(#$`8+8$8=/$<+8+-<+-;89$9-+*,8;>$01,$9-B,8,-8=<#$&!33&3G%T:,*-/*=1D%MIKMLI$&W]&M#$
)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4566777#-8<<-<+/8+8#1,:6;1=+*=+6/8+8]8=/]<+8+-<+-;89]9-+*,8;>]9-B,8,-8=<$$
F,**=$J@++1=#$%&'?[(#$U'-,*.)V5%W*//'%A:--)'%&'.-.,-.@/;%)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4566:,**=B@++1=/8+8#;86$
F@=+*,I$F#$!#$%&''Y(#$J@-9/-=:$<+@/*=+$/8+8$9-+*,8;>5$!=$*<<*=+-89$;,-+-;89]+3-=E-=:$<E-99$01,$+3*$&?<+$
;*=+@,>#$R:=-.R/4.,%X%&'-/*'/-Y308))=5%Z6;B;B.=5)'%[%9J\"]D%EQKHLI$&W]&X#$$
F@,<+*-=I$L#$%&'??(#$c4*=$/8+85$K2417*,-=:$+3*$*2417*,*/$1,$*00*;+-.*$/8+8$@<*$01,$*.*,>1=*S$
^.*5-%R)'4,1D%ESKML;%)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++45660-,<+21=/8>#1,:61N<6-=/*P#43460268,+-;9*6.-*76CC?Z6&YZW$
e8++7-:I$`#I$J@<<*,+I$f#I$L*/8-99*I$!#I$8=/$J@,:*<<I$^#$%&'?C(#$m-<@89$9-+*,8;>$<+8=/8,/<$-=$3-:3*,$
*/@;8+-1=5$h*7$1441,+@=-+-*<$01,$9-B,8,-*<$8=/$<+@/*=+$9*8,=-=:;%$.?*,*./5%,'4%!0,4/+1D%EH%?(I$Z?]XM#$
/1-5?'#?C[C6498#&'?C#'''X$
e8,,-<I$^#$%&'?&(#$`8+8$-<$@<*9*<<$7-+31@+$+3*$<E-99<$+1$8=89>j*$-+#$6,*@,*4%A:5.'/55%#/@./O;%)*+,-*.*/$
0,12$3++4<5663B,#1,:6&'?&6'M6/8+8]-<]@<*9*<<]7-+31@+]+3*]<E-99<$$
e1:*=B112I$f#I$e199*,$O3-99-4<I$A#L#I$8=/$e*=<9*>I$L#$%&'??(#$H317$2*$+3*$/8+8R$O8,+=*,-=:$7-+3$
-=<+,@;+1,<$+1$+*8;3$/8+8$9-+*,8;>#$!"#$%M_EED%O3-98/*943-8I$O*==<>9.8=-8#$W?']W?Y#$
e@I$n#$%&'?&(#$H*<<-1=$<@228,>5$\3*$)`!O?&$48=*9$1=$+,8-=-=:$/8+8$28=8:*2*=+$4,8;+-+-1=*,<#$
A:==/-.'%)(%-8/%!+/*.0,'%3)0./-1%()*%&'()*+,-.)'%30./'0/%,'4%G/08')=)71D%HI%[(I$&M]C'#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++45661=9-=*9-B,8,>#7-9*>#;126/1-6?'#?''&6B@9+#&'?&#?Y&'CX'['M6*4/0$
e@=+I$f#$%&''W(#$\3*$;3899*=:*<$10$-=+*:,8+-=:$/8+8$9-+*,8;>$-=+1$+3*$;@,,-;@9@2$-=$8=$@=/*,:,8/@8+*$
-=<+-+@+-1=#$G!HHGH\$o@8,+*,9>$&X%&(I$?&$]?Z#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4566777#-8<<-<+/8+8#1,:6<-+*<6/*08@9+60-9*<6-g6-g.19&X&UC3@=+#4/0$$
31

GE*21+1I$F#I$8=/$L8,<3I$^#$%&''X(#$A384+*,$[5$A@++-=:$+3,1@:3$+3*$/8+8]/,-.*=$28=+,8#%J.((/*/'-%
0)'0/2-.)'5%)(%4,-,[4*.@/'%4/0.5.)'%+,P.'7D%E_SK?(I$?'[]?C?#$)!h`$A1,41,8+-1=#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4566777#,8=/#1,:6;1=+*=+6/826,8=/64@B<6,*4,-=+<6&''M6)!h`U)O?CY&#4/0$$
G4,-I$\#$%&'?'(#$G=+,1/@;-=:$\,8=<9-+*,8;>5$D38+$/1*<$-+$2*8=$+1$8;8/*2-;$9-B,8,-*<S$")==/7/%,'4%
#/5/,*08%$.?*,*./5%`/O5D%aEKE_LD%[C&][ZY#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4566;,9=#8;,9#1,:6;1=+*=+6Y?6?'6[C&#0@99$
^13=<1=I$A#$%&'?&(#$G8/%&'()*+,-.)'%J./-;$H*B8<+1419I$A!5$cp)*-99>$L*/-8I$G=;#$
^13=<1=I$"#I$!/82<$J*;E*,I$H#I$K<+,8/8I$m#I$T$d,**28=I$!#$%&'?[(#$hLA$e1,-j1=$)*41,+5$&'?[$e-:3*,$
K/@;8+-1=$K/-+-1=#$!@<+-=I$\*P8<5$\3*$h*7$L*/-8$A1=<1,+-@2#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4566777#=2;#1,:64@B9-;8+-1=6=2;]31,-j1=],*41,+]&'?[]3-:3*,]*/@;8+-1=]*/-+-1=6$
^13=<+1=I$"#I$8=/$^*00,>*<I$^#$%&'?W(#$H+*89$+3-<$-/*85$!$9-B,8,>$-=<+,@;+1,q<p$:@-/*$+1$*/@;8+-=:$<+@/*=+<$
-=$/8+8$28=8:*2*=+$<E-99<#$"X#$%`/O5D%aF%X(I%WC?]WCW#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4566;,9=#8;,9#1,:6;1=+*=+6Y[6X6WC?#0@99$$
^1=*<I$A#I$)828=8@I$)#I$A,1<<I$H#I$8=/$e*89-=:I$F#$%&''M(#$h*+$:*=*,8+-1=$1,$`-:-+89$h8+-.*<5$G<$+3*,*$8$
/-<+-=;+$=*7$:*=*,8+-1=$*=+*,-=:$@=-.*,<-+>S$")+2:-/*5%X%94:0,-.)'D%FQD$Y&&]YC&#$/1-5$
?'#?'?Z6N#;124*/@#&''M#'M#'&&$
f19+8>I$\#$%&'?W(#$J-:$/8+8I$B-:$9-+*,8;-*<S$G9R!D%MQI$C]X#$
f19+8>I$\#$%&'?[(#$`8+8$9-+*,8;>5$-=$<*8,;3$10$8$=82*$8=/$-/*=+-+>#$C):*',=%)(%J)0:+/'-,-.)'I$
aEKMLD%W'?$]$W?[#$3++4566/P#/1-#1,:6?'#??'X6^`]'&]&'?W]''&Z$$
"-g@*+*I$m#$%&'?&(#$A8=$1=*$<4*8E$10$8=$kG=01,28+-1=$\,8=<9-+*,8;>lS$&'-/*',-.)',=%")'(/*/'0/>%R/4.,%
,'4%&'()*+,-.)'%$.-/*,01%()*%b')O=/47/%3)0./-./5;%L1<;17I$)@<<-8#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4<566389#8,;3-.*<]
1@.*,+*<#0,6389]''XW?MWX$
"-++9*N13=$H3-=/*,I$`#$%&'?C(#$\3*$J-:$`8+8$`-9*228#$aJ91:b#$W^&%A=)7#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4566777#:0-#;126B91:6+3*]B-:]/8+8]/-9*2286$
L8;E*>I$\#O#I$T$^8;1B<1=I$\#K#$%&'??(#$)*0,82-=:$-=01,28+-1=$9-+*,8;>$8<$8$2*+89-+*,8;>#$")==/7/%X%
#/5/,*08%$.?*,*./5D%aM%?(I$Z&]YX#$/1-5$?'#[XZ'6;,9]YZ,?$
L8;L-998=I$`#$%&'?'(#$H*g@*=;-=:$:*=*+-;<$-=01,28+-1=5$G=+*:,8+-=:$/8+8$-=+1$-=01,28+-1=$9-+*,8;>$01,$
@=/*,:,8/@8+*$B-191:>$<+@/*=+<#$&55:/5%.'%30./'0/%,'4%G/08')=)71%$.?*,*.,'58.2D%SE;%/1-5$
?'#['Z&6dWWd?hhf$
L8;L-99*=I$`#$%&'?W(#$_<-=:$14*=$8;;*<<$,*<1@,;*<$-=$/8+8$9-+*,8;>$-=<+,@;+-1=<5$)*=*7-=:$+3*$G"$
;@,,-;@9@2$B>$89-:=-=:$-+$7-+3$;38=:-=:$=**/<#$$.?*,*1%&'5-*:0-.)'%B/5-%M_EQ;%O84*,$&W#$
3++45664/P<;3198,#9-B,8,>#4/P#*/@69-7U41,+98=/6O,*<*=+8+-1=<6L8+*,-896&W$
L8=/-=8;3I$K#JI$O8,+1=I$J#L#I$F@22*,I$K#H#I$T$!=/*,<1=I$)#$%&'?[(#$K+3-;89$8=/$844,14,-8+*$/8+8$
@<*$,*g@-,*<$/8+8$9-+*,8;>#%c8.%J/=-,%b,22,'D%NS%[(I$&[]&X#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++45667*B#B#*B<;131<+#;12#*j4,1P>#9-B,8,>#/89#;86*31<+64/0.-*7*,64/0.-*7*,S<-/V;'0MC[[Y]CCY;]
W*'0]MZ*B]&WB&'Z[X8[XZrW'<*<<-1=2:,??'T.-/V?T3-/V?'Z$
L8=>-E8I$^#I$A3@-I$L#I$J,17=I$J#I$J@:3-=I$^#I$`1BB<I$)#I$)1PB@,:3I$A#I$T$e@=:$J>*,<I$!#$%&'??(#$J-:$
/8+85$\3*$=*P+$0,1=+-*,$01,$-==1.8+-1=I$;124*+-+-1=I$8=/$4,1/@;+-.-+>#$R0b.'5/1%W=)?,=%&'5-.-:-/#$
32

)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4566777#2;E-=<*>#;126-=<-:3+<6B@<-=*<<U+*;3=191:>6B-:U/8+8U+3*U=*P+U0,1=+-*,U01,U-==1.8+-1=$
L8,+-=I$K#I$8=/$"*:*,]e1,=B>I$\#$%&'?&(#$d,82*71,E$01,$8$/8+8$28=8:*2*=+$;@,,-;@9@25$;1@,<*$
498=<$01,$/8+8$28=8:*2*=+$-=<+,@;+-1=$+1$@=/*,:,8/@8+*$8=/$:,8/@8+*$<+@/*=+<$-=$<;-*=;*I$3*89+3$
<;-*=;*I$8=/$*=:-=**,-=:$4,1:,82<#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++45669-B,8,>#@28<<2*/#*/@6/8+8U28=8:*2*=+U0,82*71,E<#4/0$
L8>;1++*I$e#c#$%&'?W(#$`8+8$"-+*,8;>5$D38+$G+$G<$8=/$D3>$h1=*$10$_<$e8.*$G+#$aJ91:b#%^)*?/5;$
)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4566777#01,B*<#;126<-+*<63128>;1++*6&'?W6?'6&X6/8+8]9-+*,8;>]738+]-+]-<]8=/]
73>]=1=*]10]@<]38.*]-+6$$
L;f*=/,-;EI$^#$%&'?[(#$`8+8$/,-.*=$8=/$/-:-+899>$<8..>5$\3*$,-<*$10$+3*$=*7$28,E*+-=:$1,:8=-j8+-1=#$
^)*?/5%&'5.78-5;%\@,=5$h*7$s1,EI$h#s#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4<566777#+@,=#;1269-.-=:B,*8+3-=:68<<*+<6'XM&[MU`8+8]
`,-.*=U8=/U`-:-+899>UH8..>U\3*U)-<*U10U+3*Uh*7UL8,E*+-=:Uc,:8=-j8+-1=#4/0$$
L-99*,I$F#I$K=.-,1=2*=+89$A122-<<-1=*,$10$c=+8,-1#$%&'?[(#$A1==*;+-=:$+3*$`1+<$1=$A9-28+*$`8+8$-=$
c=+8,-15$KAc$A9-28+*$`8+8$)1@=/+8B9*$KP*;@+-.*$H@228,>#$)*+,-*./$0,12$
3++4566777#*;1#1=#;86@4918/<6)*41,+<]FeF6&'?[6&'?[A`)1@=/+8B9*)*41,+#4/0$
LG\#$%&'?W(#$aO82439*+b$G,0P=.'7%-8/%"8,==/'7/5%)(%A.7%J,-,#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4<5662-+4,10*<<-1=89P#2-+#*/@6;1@,<*<6;1@,<*].?5LG\O,10*<<-1=89niZ#J`Pi[\&'?[68B1@+$$
L-+,1.-;I$t#$%&'?[(#$3-*/'7-8/'.'7%-8/%9@.4/'0/[A,5/%()*%U2/'%W)@/*'+/'-%.'%J/@/=)2.'7%"):'-*./5>%
A:.=4.'7%U2/'%J,-,%",2,0.-1%G8*):78%/[3P.==5%!0d:.5.-.)';$L-+,1.-;$`*.*9142*=+$8=/$)*<*8,;3$
G=<+-+@+*#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4566777#14*=/8+8,*<*8,;3#1,:6/96<>241<-@2&'?[61/,<&'?[]484*,C#4/0$
L11=*>I$e#I$8=/$A8,9<1=I$^#$%&'?W(#$`*.*914-=:$`8+8$"-+*,8;-*<$01,$F,8/@8+*$H+@/*=+<$-=$+3*$H1;-89$
H;-*=;*<#$"-B,8,-*<$d8;@9+>$8=/$H+800$O,*<*=+8+-1=<#$aO17*,O1-=+b#$O84*,$[?#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4566/1;<#9-B#4@,/@*#*/@69-BU0<4,*<6[?$$
c;*8=<$10$`8+8$G=<+-+@+*#$%&'?W(#$O,10-9*$10$8$B-:]/8+8]*=8B9*/$<4*;-89-<+#$D89+382I$L!5$K/@;8+-1=$$
`*.*9142*=+$A*=+*,I$G=;#$OR(G4419-+1I$^#I$8=/$L89>=]H2-+3I$^#$%&'?W(#$O,10-9*$10$8$B-:]/8+8]*=8B9*/$
<4*;-89-<+#$U0/,'V5%)(%J,-,%&'5-.-:-/;%)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++45661;*8=<10/8+8#1,:61@,]71,E64,10-9*]B-:]
/8+8]*=8B9*/]<4*;-89-<+$$
cKA`$HE-99<$c@+911E$&'?C#$U*7,'.e,-.)'%^)*%90)')+.0%")[U2/*,-.)'%,'4%J/@/=)2+/'-;$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4566<E-99<#1*;/#1,:6cKA`UHE-99<Uc@+911EU&'?C#4/0$$
c=+8,-1$L-=-<+,>$10$K/@;8+-1=#$%&''X(#$G8/%U'-,*.)%":**.0:=:+%W*,4/5%E_%-)%EM>%")+2:-/*%3-:4./5;%
)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4<566777#*/@#:1.#1=#;86*=:6;@,,-;@9@26<*;1=/8,>6;124@+*,#3+29$$
c=+8,-1$L-=-<+*,$10$K/@;8+-1=#$%&''X(#$G8/%U'-,*.)%":**.0:=:+%W*,4/5%N%,'4%E_>%G/08')=)7.0,=%94:0,-.)';$
)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4<566777#*/@#:1.#1=#;86*=:6;@,,-;@9@26<*;1=/8,>6+*;3*/#3+29$$
c=+8,-1$L-=-<+*,$10$K/@;8+-1=#$%&''X(#$G8/%U'-,*.)%":**.0:=:+%W*,4/5%EE%,'4%EM>%G/08')=)7.0,=%
94:0,-.)';$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4<566777#*/@#:1.#1=#;86*=:6;@,,-;@9@26<*;1=/8,>6+*;3*/#3+29$
33

c=+8,-1$L-=-<+,>$10$K/@;8+-1=#$%&''X(#$G8/%U'-,*.)%":**.0:=:+%W*,4/5%N%,'4%E_>%R,-8/+,-.05;$)*+,-*.*/$
0,12$3++4<566777#*/@#:1.#1=#;86*=:6;@,,-;@9@26<*;1=/8,>628+3#3+29$$
c=+8,-1$L-=-<+,>$10$K/@;8+-1=#$%&''X(#$G8/%U'-,*.)%":**.0:=:+%W*,4/5%EE%,'4%EM>%R,-8/+,-.05#$
)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4<566777#*/@#:1.#1=#;86*=:6;@,,-;@9@26<*;1=/8,>628+3#3+29$$$
c=+8,-1$L-=-<+,>$10$K/@;8+-1=I$%&''X(#$G8/%U'-,*.)%":**.0:=:+%W*,4/5%EE%,'4%EM>%&'-/*4.50.2=.',*1%
3-:4./5;$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4<566777#*/@#:1.#1=#;86*=:6;@,,-;@9@26<*;1=/8,>6-=+*,/-<;-49-=8,>#3+29$$
O&?5$O8,+=*,<3-4$01,$&?<+$A*=+@,>$"*8,=-=:#$%&'?&(#$\*8;3-=:$;,-+-;89$+3-=E-=:$<E-99<$+3,1@:3$4,1N*;+$
B8<*/$9*8,=-=:$aB91:b#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4566777#4&?#1,:6=*7<]*.*=+<64&?B91:6?'MY]+*8;3-=:]
;,-+-;89]+3-=E-=:]<E-99<]+3,1@:3]4,1N*;+]B8<*/]9*8,=-=:$
O*=+98=/I$!#H#$%&'?C(#$\3*$/8+8]/,-.*=$<1;-*+>#$30./'-.(.0%!+/*.0,'D%H_NKQLD%YX]XC#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4566777#=8+@,*#;126<;-*=+-0-;82*,-;8=6N1@,=896.C'M6=W64/06<;-*=+-0-;82*,-;8=?'?C]YX#4/0$
O,8/1I$^#A#I$8=/$L8,j89I$L#!#$%&'?C(#$G=;1,41,8+-=:$/8+8$9-+*,8;>$-=+1$-=01,28+-1=$9-+*,8;>$4,1:,82<5$
A1,*$;124*+*=;-*<$8=/$;1=+*=+<#$$.?*.I$ZC%&(I$?&C]?CW#$`cG5$?'#?[?[69-B,-]&'?C]''?'$
O,>1,I$F#I$T$`1==*99>I$L#$%&''M(#$HE-99-=:$@4$+1$/1$/8+85$D31<*$,19*I$731<*$,*<41=<-B-9-+>I$731<*$
;8,**,S$G8/%&'-/*',-.)',=%C):*',=%)(%J.7.-,=%":*,-.)'D%MKQLD%?[X]?Y'#$
o-=I$^#I$8=/$`pG:=8j-1I$^#8$%&'?'(#$\3*$;*=+,89$,19*$10$2*+8/8+8$-=$8$<;-*=;*$/8+8$9-+*,8;>$;1@,<*#$C):*',=%
)(%$.?*,*1%R/-,4,-,D%E_KM[HLD%?XX]&'?#$`cG5$?'#?'X'6?MCXZCXM#&'?'#['ZCYM$
o-=I$^#I$8=/$`pG:=8j-1I$^#B$%&'?'(#$"*<<1=<$9*8,=*/$0,12$8$+71]>*8,$*P4*,-*=;*$-=$<;-*=;*$/8+8$9-+*,8;>$
*/@;8+-1=#$&'-/*',-.)',=%!55)0.,-.)'%)(%30./'-.(.0%,'4%G/08')=)7.0,=%\'.@/*5.-1%$.?*,*.,'5D%HE5-%!'':,=%
")'(/*/'0/D%O84*,$[#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4566/1;<#9-B#4@,/@*#*/@6-8+@9&'?'6;1=06/8>&6[$$
)128=-I$^#A#A#$%&''M(#$H+,8+*:-*<$+1$4,121+*$+3*$/*.*9142*=+$10$*];124*+*=;-*<$-=$+3*$=*P+$
:*=*,8+-1=$10$4,10*<<-1=89<5$K@,14*8=$8=/$-=+*,=8+-1=89$+,*=/<#$O@B9-<3*,p<$.*,<-1=#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++45661,8#1P#8;#@E61BN*;+<6@@-/5/8'''Y8C]B['W]W;&']X[XB]&?//C[M*C;8*$$
H844$h*9<1=I$L#I$t-9-=<E-I$"#I$8=/$m8=$K44<I$!#$%&'?W(#$`*.*914-=:$O,10*<<-1=89$HE-99<$-=$H\KL$
H+@/*=+<5$`8+8$G=01,28+-1=$"-+*,8;>#$$.?*,*./5%^,0:=-1%,'4%3-,((%308)=,*58.2%,'4%#/5/,*08#$O84*,$X[#$
`cG5?'#['Z&6dW&m&`&t$$
3++4566/1;<#9-B#4@,/@*#*/@6;:-6.-*7;1=+*=+#;:-S8,+-;9*V?'XYT;1=+*P+V9-BU0</1;<$
H;3*-+9*I$A#O#$%&''Z(#$D*B]B8<*/$/8+8$8=89><-<5$;,*8+-=:$8$<1;-191:-;89$98B1,8+1,>#$G/,08.'7%3)0.)=)71D%
HQ%?(I$X']XZ$
H;3-*9/I$L#$%&''W(#$G=01,28+-1=$"-+*,8;>I$H+8+-<+-;89$"-+*,8;>I$`8+8$"-+*,8;>#$&!33&3G%T:,*-/*=1I$
&X%&6C(I$Z]??#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4566777#-8<<-<+/8+8#1,:6/17=918/<6-g.19&X&UC<3-*9/<#4/0$
H78=I$f#I$m83*>I$OI$f,8+;1<E-I$!#I$.8=$u+$e110+I$L#I$)808=8=I$f#I$8=/$H+8=01,/I$\#$%&''M(#$A3899*=:*<$
+1$;,1<<]/-<;-49-=8,>$;@,,-;@985$`8+8$9-+*,8;>$8=/$/-.*,:*=+$/-<;-49-=8,>$4*,<4*;+-.*<#$O,*<*=+*/$8+$
+3*$!==@89$A1=0*,*=;*$10$+3*$!2*,-;8=$K/@;8+-1=89$)*<*8,;3$!<<1;-8+-1=I$H8=$`-*:1I$A!#$
)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4566777#<,-#;12671,E64@B9-;8+-1=<6;3899*=:*<];,1<<]/-<;-49-=8,>];@,,-;@98]/8+8]
9-+*,8;>]8=/]/-.*,:*=+]/-<;-49-=8,>]4$
34

H;3=*-/*,I$)#$%&'?C(#$)*<*8,;3$/8+8$9-+*,8;>#$")++:'.0,-.)'5%.'%")+2:-/*%,'4%&'()*+,-.)'%30./'0/I$HNaI$
?CW]?W'#$
H;37-*/*,I$`#I$d-*9/*,I$)#I$8=/$"OHH$"-B,8,>$G=<+,@;+-1=$A122-++**#$%&'?W(#$)*41,+5$"OHH$419-+-;89$
<;-*=;*$,*<*8,;3$;124*+*=;>$F@-/*9-=*<$H@,.*>#$!$!#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4566777#898#1,:68;,96<-+*<6898#1,:#8;,960-9*<6;1=+*=+68B1@+8;,96/-,*;+1,>109*8/*,<3-46<*;+-1=<694<<6
94<<7*B<-+*64@B9-;8+-1=<6"OHHr&')*<*8,;3r&'A124*+*=;>r&'F@-/*9-=*<r&'H@,.*>r&')*41,+#4
/0$$
H31,-<3I$s#$%&'?[(#$`8+8$-=01,28+-1=$9-+*,8;>$8=/$@=/*,:,8/@8+*<5$!$;,-+-;89$;124*+*=;>#$")==/7/%X%
\'4/*7*,4:,-/%$.?*,*./5D%MMKELI$MY]?'Z#$/1-5$?'#?'X'6?'ZM?C?Z#&'?[#?''?&W$
H+*43*=<1=I$K#I$8=/$A8,8.*991I$O#H#$%&''Y(#$G=;1,41,8+-=:$/8+8$9-+*,8;>$-=+1$@=/*,:,8/@8+*$
-=01,28+-1=$9-+*,8;>$4,1:,82<$-=$+3*$<1;-89$<;-*=;*<#$#/(/*/'0/%3/*@.0/5%#/@./OD%HF%W(I$[&[][W'#$
H78=I$f#I$m83*>I$OI$f,8+;1<E-I$!#I$.8=$u+$e110+I$L#I$)808=8=I$f#I$T$H+8=01,/I$\#$%&''M(#$A3899*=:*<$+1$
;,1<<]/-<;-49-=8,>$;@,,-;@985$`8+8$9-+*,8;>$8=/$/-.*,:*=+$/-<;-49-=8,>$4*,<4*;+-.*<#$O,*<*=+*/$8+$+3*$
!==@89$A1=0*,*=;*$10$+3*$!2*,-;8=$K/@;8+-1=89$)*<*8,;3$!<<1;-8+-1=I$H8=$`-*:1I$A!#$)*+,-*.*/$
0,12$3++4566777#<,-#;12671,E64@B9-;8+-1=<6;3899*=:*<];,1<<]/-<;-49-=8,>];@,,-;@98]/8+8]9-+*,8;>]
8=/]/-.*,:*=+]/-<;-49-=8,>]4$$
\*89I$\#I$A,8=<+1=I$f#I$"844I$e#I$D3-+*I$K#I$D-9<1=I$F#I$)82I$f#I$T$O879-EI$!#$%&'?[(#$`8+8$;8,4*=+,>5$
D1,E<314<$+1$-=;,*8<*$/8+8$9-+*,8;>$01,$,*<*8,;3*,<#$&'-/*',-.)',=%C):*',=%)(%J.7.-,=%":*,-.)'D%E_KELI$
?C[]?WC#$
\3124<1=I$O#$%&'?&(#$\3*$/-:-+89$=8+-.*<$8<$9*8,=*,<5$\*;3=191:>$@<*$48++*,=<$8=/$844,18;3*<$+1$
9*8,=-=:#$")+2:-/*5%X%94:0,-.)'I$SFKM_EHLI$?&]CC#$
\7-/89*I$L#J#I$J98E*I$A#$T$F,8=+I$^#$%&'?C(#$\178,/<$8$/8+8$9-+*,8+*$;-+-j*=,>#$G=$H;382B*,I$"#$%K/#(#$
.")'(/*/'0/%M_EH%2*)0//4.'75D$$&WY]&[Y#$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4<566777#-/*89<#-99-=1-<#*/@6B-+<+,*82638=/9*6&?W&6CXCX[6?XM#4/0S<*g@*=;*VW$$
m83*>I$O#I$)808=8=I$f#I$O8++1=I$A#I$H78=I$f#I$.8=p+$e110+I$L#I$f,8+;1<E-I$!#I$T$H+8=01,/I$\#$%&'?&(#$!$
;,1<<]/-<;-49-=8,>$844,18;3$+1$+*8;3-=:$/8+8$9-+*,8;>$8=/$4,141,+-1=89-+>#$94:0%3-:4%R,-8D%IEI$?YM]
&'[#$/1-5$?'#?''Y6<?'ZWM]'?&]MCM&]j$
m*<<*+I$`#I$c910<1=I$A#$D#I$H;3@B2*39I$`#I$L;`1=1@:3I$J#I$D11/78,/I$!#I$H+-,*<I$A#I$d9*2-=:I$L#I$
h8/]$E8,=-I$!#I$t8-/-I$!#I$8=/$`-898=-I$L#$%&'?W(#$&J"%^:-:*/30,2/>%B)*=4O.4/%A.7%J,-,%,'4%!',=1-.05%
M_EF%c*/4.0-.)'5%a,*41,+b#$G=+*,=8+-1=89$`8+8$A1,41,8+-1=#$
D8==*,I$!#$%&'?[(#$`8+8$9-+*,8;>$-=<+,@;+-1=$-=$8;8/*2-;$9-B,8,-*<5$J*<+$4,8;+-;*<$01,$9-B,8,-8=<#$
!*08.@,=%,'4%&'()*+,-.)'%3-:4./5%3-:4/'-%C):*',=D%ED%?]?Y;%_=-.*,<-+>$10$J,-+-<3$A19@2B-8#$)*+,-*.*/$
0,12$3++45661N<#9-B,8,>#@B;#;86-=/*P#4346<**89<168,+-;9*6.-*76?XZCC[$
D-=:I$^#$%&''X(#$A124@+8+-1=89$+3-=E-=:$8=/$+3-=E-=:$8B1@+$;124@+-=:#$c8.=)5)28.0,=%G*,'5,0-.)'5%)(%
G8/%#)1,=%3)0./-1D%HSSI$CY?Y]CY&[#$/1-5?'#?'MX6,<+8#&''X#'??X$
D128;EI$)#$%&'?W(#$`8+8$m-<@89-j8+-1=$8=/$-=01,28+-1=$9-+*,8;>#$&!33&3G%T:,*-/*=1D%HI%?(I$?&]?Y#$
)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4566/P#/1-#1,:6/1-5?'#Y&X&6\CnM&Atd$
35

D,-:3+I$H#I$d1<2-,*I$L#I$^*00,>*<I$^#I$J,8;E*I$L#I$T$D*<+,8I$J#$%&'?&(#$!$2@9+-]-=<+-+@+-1=89$4,1N*;+$+1$
/*.*914$/-<;-49-=*]<4*;-0-;$/8+8$9-+*,8;>$-=<+,@;+-1=$01,$:,8/@8+*$<+@/*=+<#$$.?*,*./5%^,0:=-1%,'4%3-,((%
c*/5/'-,-.)'5;%)*+,-*.*/$0,12$3++4566/1;<#9-B#4@,/@*#*/@69-BU0<4,*<6?'$$
D>=*,I$s#$%&'?C(#$!$;8<*$<+@/>5$_<-=:$8@+3*=+-;$<;-*=;*$/8+8$01,$+*8;3-=:$8=/$9*8,=-=:$10$*;191:>#$
C):*',=%)(%")==/7/%30./'0/%G/,08.'7D%QMKFLD%[W]Z'#$
s*3I$f#I$n-*I$s#I$T$f*I$d#$%&'??(#$\*8;3-=:$;124@+8+-1=89$+3-=E-=:$+1$=1=];124@+-=:$28N1,<$@<-=:$
<4,*8/<3**+$0@=;+-1=<#$W?<+$!HKK6GKKK$d,1=+-*,<$-=$K/@;8+-1=$A1=0*,*=;*5$H*<<-1=$dC^#$)84-/$A-+>I$
H`#$$
t899*<I$`#)#$%&''[(#$`*<-:=<$01,$8<<*<<-=:$01@=/8+-1=89$/8+8$9-+*,8;>#$"/'-/*%()*%G/08')=)71%.'%$/,*'.'7D%
3#&%&'-/*',-.)',=;$)*+,-*.*/$0,12$
3++4566<*,;#;8,9*+1=#*/@60-9*<6h!F\D1,E<314<68<<*<<6t899*<K<<8>C#4/0$$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$
$ $
36

Appendices)
!
Appendix!1:!Data!Literacy!Competencies!Matrix!
Appendix!2:!Data!Literacy!Definitions!Word!Cloud!
Appendix!3:!Key!Themes!in!Data!Literacy!Literature!
Appendix!4:!Annotated!Bibliography!
37

Appendix(1(*(Data(Literacy(Competencies(Matrix
This%matrix%consists%of%key%data%literacy%ability/knowledge%areas,%and%the%corresponding%competencies%and%tasks%required%for%each.%
Definition:%Data%literacy%is%the%ability%to%collect,%manage,%evaluate,%and%apply%data;%in%a%critical%manner.%
Key Ability/Knowledge Area Competency Knowledge/Tasks LEGEND: Conceptual Competencies Core Competencies Advanced Competencies
Conceptual Framework Introduction to Data Knowledge and understanding of data
Knowledge and understanding of the uses and
applications of data
Data Collection
Data Discovery and
Collection
Performs data exploration Identifies useful data Collects data
Evaluating and Ensuring
Quality of Data and Sources
Crtically assesses sources of data for
trustworthiness
Critically evaluates quality of datasets for errors
or problems
Data Organization
Knowledge of basic data organization
methods and tools
Asesses data organization requirements Organizes data
Data Manipulation Asesses methods to clean data Identifies outliers and anomalies Cleans data
Data Management
Data Conversion (from
format to format)
Knowledge of different data types and
conversion methods
Converts data from one format or file type to
another
Metadata Creation and Use Creates metadata descriptors
Assigns appropriate metadata descriptors to
original data sets
Data Curation, Security, and
Re-Use
Assesses data curation requirements
(e.g. retention schedule, storage,
accessibility, sharing requirements, etc.)
Assess data security requirements (e.g.
restricted access, protected drives, etc.)
Curates data
Data Preservation Assesses requirements for preservation Asseses methods and tools for data preservation Preserves data
Data Tools
Knowledge of data analysis tools and
techniques
Selects appropriate data analysis tool or
technique
Applies data analysis tools and
techniques
Basic Data Analysis Develops analysis plans Applies analysis methods and tools Conducts exploratory analysis Evaluates results of analysis
Compares results of analysis with
other findings
Data Interpretation
(Understanding Data)
Reads and understands charts, tables,
and graphs
Identifies key take-away points, and integrates
this with other important information
Identifies discrepancies within
the data
Data Evaluation
Identifying Problems Using
Data
Uses data to identify problems in
practical situations (e.g. workplace
efficiency)
Uses data to identify higher level problems (e.g.
policy, environment, scientific experimentation,
marketing, economics, etc.)
Data Visualization
Creates meaningful tables to organize
and visually present data
Creates meaningful graphical representations of
data
Evaluates effectiveness of
graphical representations
Critically assesses graphical
representations for accuracy and
misrepresentation of data
Presenting Data (Verbally)
Asssess the desired outcome(s) for
presenting the data
Assesses audience needs and familiarity with
subject(s)
Plans the appropriate meeting or
presentation type
Utilizes meaningful tables and
visualizationsto communicate data
Presents arguments and/or outcomes
clealy and coherently
Data Driven Decisions
Making (DDDM) (Making
decisions based on data)
Prioritizes information garnered from
data
Converts data into actionable information
Weighs the merit and impacts of
possible solutions/decisions
Implements decisions/solutions
Critical Thinking
Aware of high level issues and
challlenges associated with data
Thinks critically when working with data
Data Culture
Recognizes the importance of data
Supports an environment that fosters critical use
of data for learning, research, and decision-
making
Data Application
Data Ethics
Aware of legal and ethical issues
associated with data
Applies and works with data in an ethical manner
Data Citation
Knowledge of widely-accepted data
citation methods
Creates correct citations for secondary data sets
Data Sharing
Assesses methods and platforms for
sharing data
Shares data legally, and ethically
Evaluating Decisions Based
on Data
Collects follow-up data to assess
effectiveness of decisions or solutions
based upon data
Conducts analysis of follow-up data
Compares results of analysis
with other findings
Evaluates decisions or solutions
based on data
Retains original conclusions or
decisions, or implements new
decisions/solutions
38

Competency LEGEND:
Conceptual
Competencies
Core
Competencies
Advanced
Competencies
Authors/Source
Introduction to Data Critical Thinking Data Culture Data Ethics Data Tools
Data Discovery
and Collection
Data Management and
Organization
Data
Manipulation
Evaluating and
Ensuring Quality of
Data and Sources
Carlson, Fosmire, Miller, and
Sapp Nelson (2011; Carlson,
Johnston, Westra, and
Nichols, 2012)
* * * * * *
Koltay (2014) * * *
Prado and Marzal (2013) * * * *
Gummer and Mandinach
(2015)
Qin and D'Ignazio (2010) * * * *
Gray (2004) * *
Haendel, Vasilevsky, and Wirz
(2012)
* *
Reeves and Honig (2015) * *
Schield (2004) * *
Ikemoto and Marsh (2008) * *
MacMillan (2010) * *
Shorish (2015) * * * * *
Stephenson an Caravello
(2007)
* * * * *
Teal, Cranston, Lapp, White,
Wilson, Ram, and Pawlik
(2015)
* *
Wright, Fosmire, Jeffryes,
Bracke, and Westra (2012)
* * *
Cowan, Alencar, and McGarry
(2014)
* * *
Gunter (2007) * * * * *
MacMillen (2014) * *
McAuley, Rahemtulla,
Goulding, and Souch (2010)
* * *
Mooney and Carlson (2014) * * * * * * *
Sapp Nelson, Zilinski, and Van
Epps (2014)
* *
Scheitle (2006) * * *
Stout and Graham (2007) * * *
Swan and Brown (2008) * * *
Twidale, Blake, and Grant
(2013)
*
*
Womack (2014) * *
Association of College and
Research Libraries (2013)
* * * *
Association of College and
Research Libraries (2014)
* * *
Doucette and Fyfe (2013) *
McKendrick (2015) * * *
Swan, Vahey, Kratcoski, van
t`Hooft, Rafanan, Stanford
(2009)
* *
* *
Zalles (2005) *
Totals (across) 7 6 2 7 14 18 20 516
39

Authors/Source
Carlson, Fosmire, Miller, and
Sapp Nelson (2011; Carlson,
Johnston, Westra, and
Nichols, 2012)
Koltay (2014)
Prado and Marzal (2013)
Gummer and Mandinach
(2015)
Qin and D'Ignazio (2010)
Gray (2004)
Haendel, Vasilevsky, and Wirz
(2012)
Reeves and Honig (2015)
Schield (2004)
Ikemoto and Marsh (2008)
MacMillan (2010)
Shorish (2015)
Stephenson an Caravello
(2007)
Teal, Cranston, Lapp, White,
Wilson, Ram, and Pawlik
(2015)
Wright, Fosmire, Jeffryes,
Bracke, and Westra (2012)
Cowan, Alencar, and McGarry
(2014)
Gunter (2007)
MacMillen (2014)
McAuley, Rahemtulla,
Goulding, and Souch (2010)
Mooney and Carlson (2014)
Sapp Nelson, Zilinski, and Van
Epps (2014)
Scheitle (2006)
Stout and Graham (2007)
Swan and Brown (2008)
Twidale, Blake, and Grant
(2013)
Womack (2014)
Association of College and
Research Libraries (2013)
Association of College and
Research Libraries (2014)
Doucette and Fyfe (2013)
McKendrick (2015)
Swan, Vahey, Kratcoski, van
t`Hooft, Rafanan, Stanford
(2009)
Zalles (2005)
Totals (across)
Data Citation
Basic Data
Analysis
Data
Visualization
Presenting Data
(Verbally)
Data Interpratation
(Understanding Data)
Identifying
Problems Using
Data
Data Driven Decision
Making (DDDM)
Evaluating
Decisions/Conclusions
Based on Data
Metadata
Creation and Use
* * *
*
* *
* * * *
* *
*
* * * *
*
* * * *
*
*
*
*
*
* *
* *
*
*
*
* *
* * * * *
*
*
* * *
* *
*
*
*
* * * * * *
* * *
* * * * *
410 9 4 13 214 4 6
40

Authors/Source
Carlson, Fosmire, Miller, and
Sapp Nelson (2011; Carlson,
Johnston, Westra, and
Nichols, 2012)
Koltay (2014)
Prado and Marzal (2013)
Gummer and Mandinach
(2015)
Qin and D'Ignazio (2010)
Gray (2004)
Haendel, Vasilevsky, and Wirz
(2012)
Reeves and Honig (2015)
Schield (2004)
Ikemoto and Marsh (2008)
MacMillan (2010)
Shorish (2015)
Stephenson an Caravello
(2007)
Teal, Cranston, Lapp, White,
Wilson, Ram, and Pawlik
(2015)
Wright, Fosmire, Jeffryes,
Bracke, and Westra (2012)
Cowan, Alencar, and McGarry
(2014)
Gunter (2007)
MacMillen (2014)
McAuley, Rahemtulla,
Goulding, and Souch (2010)
Mooney and Carlson (2014)
Sapp Nel