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Psychological research as the phenomenologist views it
... Data were analyzed using Colaizzi's method [28] supported by NVivo, a computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software [29]. NVivo software version 14 was used to manage and organize the qualitative data effectively [30]. ...
... NVivo software version 14 was used to manage and organize the qualitative data effectively [30]. We adopted a systematic analysis approach to phenomenological research, beginning with a thorough initial reading and re-reading of the transcripts to fully grasp the overall content [28,31]. Such deep immersion aided in identifying significant statements directly related to the studied phenomenon [31]. ...
... From these statements, formulated meanings were derived, capturing the essence of the participants' experiences. These meanings were then organized into coherent clusters of themes, which collectively built a structured narrative [28,31]. The subsequent step involved integrating the final findings into a comprehensive description that encapsulated the entirety of the research findings [28,31]. ...
Objectives
This study explores the experiences of nurse educators in Qatar implementing the Concept-Based Curriculum (CBC), identifying barriers and facilitators to improve strategies and support.
Methods
A phenomenological approach based on Van Manen was used. Data from semi-structured interviews with 18 nurse educators were transcribed and analyzed using Colaizzi’s method with NVivo software.
Results
Three key themes emerged: Challenges in CBC Implementation, Institutional Support, and Practical Integration and Adaptation. Educators encountered obstacles such as insufficient training, transition difficulties, and resistance to change. However, strong leadership and collaboration eased the transition. Over time, resistance diminished as educators observed enhanced critical thinking and clinical judgment in students.
Conclusions
Effective CBC implementation requires comprehensive training and strong institutional support. Continuous adaptation of teaching methods to meet diverse student needs is essential. These findings provide valuable insights for future curriculum reforms and emphasize the importance of strategic educational approaches to improve CBC outcomes.
... This study used a descriptive qualitative Frontiers in Education 03 frontiersin.org phenomenological design (Colaizzi, 1978), which allowed us to obtain a deep understanding of the experiences of students at the University of Sharjah's College of Health Sciences. We also sought their suggestions for effective adjustment and improvements. ...
... Data were analyzed using the method of Colaizzi (1978) (Table 2), which is a rigorous and robust approach that ensures the credibility and reliability of results. This method allows researchers to identify emerging themes and their relationships clearly and logically, revealing the structure of the experience under study. ...
... Data analysis was conducted followingColaizzi's (1978) method. ...
Aim
To describe the lived experiences of expatriate students enrolled in an academic institution in the UAE and explore suggested improvement strategies to address their challenges.
Background
Exploring the experiences of expatriate students is crucial for three main reasons. First, expatriate students play a key role in the UAE’s sustainable socio-economic development and diversification. Second, cultural differences among expatriate students raise personal, social, and academic challenges, including pedagogical issues concerning teaching and learning styles and effectiveness. Third, given the global importance of internationalization, expatriates’ experiences should be considered an issue of customer satisfaction.
Method
A descriptive, qualitative, narrative study using indirect Colaizzi content analysis of 23 expatriate students’ reflections on their experiences and suggested recommendations.
Results
The consistent themes cited by participants concerning their experiences centered on dormitory-study life balance, socialization and support networks, and navigating financial challenges. They identified areas for improvement in terms of professional, social, peer, and self-support.
Conclusion
Developing an effective support system is essential to ensure a smooth expatriate student experience. The study findings propose suggestions and recommendations that may help in future planning, including maximizing professional support, providing peer tutoring, boosting academic advising and consultation, encouraging student socialization, and guiding self-development as necessary.
... This study was conducted using descriptive phenomenology, a qualitative research method. Descriptive phenomenology focuses on in-depth descriptions of phenomena and aims to uncover participants' lived experiences [14]. Specifically, Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenological method was employed in this study to systematically analyze the participants' experiences and extract the essence of their lived realities. ...
... The sample consisted of 12 earthquake-victim women who met the criteria for inclusion in the study through purposeful sampling on the specified date. In the literature, a qualitative study's sample size is 5-20 [14]. The sample size was determined depending on whether the data reached saturation. ...
... This study adopted Colaizzi's descriptive phenomenological method, widely recognized for its systematic approach to analyzing participants' lived experiences [14]. Colaizzi's process ensures that the essence of participants' experiences is accurately uncovered through rigorous and detailed analysis. ...
Introduction
On February 6, 2023, a devastating earthquake centered in Kahramanmaraş, Turkey, affected millions of people, forcing many to live in tent cities. Although menstrual hygiene is a basic need, it is often overlooked in disaster settings. This study aims to explore the problems and experiences related to menstrual hygiene management among women living in tent cities following the earthquake.
Methods
This qualitative study was conducted in June 2023 with 12 women living in tent cities caused by the earthquake. Data were collected through semi-structured interviews conducted via Zoom. Each interview lasted approximately 30 min. The interviews were analyzed using content analysis, and themes and sub-themes reflecting the women's experiences were identified.
Results
The content analysis revealed two main themes: "Challenges Related to Menstrual Hygiene" and "Additional Issues Related to the Menstrual Period." The first theme included difficulties accessing materials, problems with disposing of hygiene products, inadequate physical environments, and challenges related to religious rituals. The second theme highlighted changes in menstrual cycles, lack of access to comforting practices, and neglect of personal needs. The findings showed that menstrual hygiene management is an urgent yet often overlooked need during disaster periods.
Conclusion
This study demonstrates that menstrual hygiene management is critical in disaster response efforts. Effective menstrual hygiene management is essential for protecting women's privacy and dignity. Healthcare professionals play a vital role in identifying these needs, ensuring the supply of hygiene materials, providing appropriate environments, and offering education to women. Integrating menstrual hygiene management into disaster response plans is crucial for improving women's health and well-being.
... Therefore, the phenomenological method was applied, and the Colaizzi method was used to analyze the data from the interview. Phenomenology, indeed, deals with clarifying the structure or the essence of the living experience of a phenomenon to find the unity of meaning and its correct description (Colaizzi, 1978). Therefore, according to the nature of the research and the use of the descriptive phenomenological method, the Colaizzi method was chosen as the most practical approach to descriptive phenomenology. ...
... According to the use of the Colaizzi method in the research, seven techniques were applied. Colaizzi method includes seven stages: 1) a detailed study of all the essential descriptions and findings of the interviewees, 2) extraction of effective phrases and sentences relating to the desired phenomenon, 3) assigning meaning to the essential phrases and sentences extracted from the interview, 4) sorting, ordering and arranging the descriptions of the interviewees and common concepts in specific categories, 5) turning all the extracted opinions into complete descriptions, 6) converting the comprehensive descriptions of the phenomenon into an abbreviated accurate description, and 7) final validation (Colaizzi, 1978). ...
Purpose: Regarding the restrictions of football clubs and insufficient income sources on the one hand and the revenue gained through television broadcasting rights, environmental advertising, and ticket sales, financial support from football clubs by sponsors should be mounted. Unfortunately, some issues have caused private companies to be disinclined in providing capital for football. Therefore, the present research was carried out to identify the factors influencing private companies' motivation for sponsorship. Methodology: The present research was conducted via a qualitative method based on the phenomenological approach. Predominantly, the phenomenological approach reveals the nature of meaning concealed in experiences and aims to comprehend the experience concept in the same way the person did. The Participants into semi-structured interviews included sport management faculty members, senior managers of the football federation, football clubs, managers, senior managers of private companies, and sports instructors. The validity and reliability of the findings were applied.
... 와 식생활 교육의 내용 요소 및 요구도 분석 연구 (Lee, 2022;Song & Lee, 2023;Yang & Yoon, 2024)가 일부 수행되 었으나, 최근에는 실과 및 가정 교과의 식생활 교육 프로그램 개발 연구가 주를 이루고 있다 (Choi & Han, 2022;Lee & Kim, 2019;Lee & Yu, 2022;Ryu & Chae, 2021). 이 외 에도 학교 식생활 교육 현황에 관한 연구는 초등교사 및 영양교사 를 대상으로 한 연구가 제한적으로 이루어져 왔을 뿐 (Jeon, 2017;Jung, 2005;Kim et al., 2013;Oh et al., 2016; (Colaizzi, 1978;Erlandson et al., 1993;Kim et al., 1999 (Colaizzi, 1978;Kim et al., 2012) (Jeon, 2010;Jeon, 2008;Kim et al., 2013 ...
... 와 식생활 교육의 내용 요소 및 요구도 분석 연구 (Lee, 2022;Song & Lee, 2023;Yang & Yoon, 2024)가 일부 수행되 었으나, 최근에는 실과 및 가정 교과의 식생활 교육 프로그램 개발 연구가 주를 이루고 있다 (Choi & Han, 2022;Lee & Kim, 2019;Lee & Yu, 2022;Ryu & Chae, 2021). 이 외 에도 학교 식생활 교육 현황에 관한 연구는 초등교사 및 영양교사 를 대상으로 한 연구가 제한적으로 이루어져 왔을 뿐 (Jeon, 2017;Jung, 2005;Kim et al., 2013;Oh et al., 2016; (Colaizzi, 1978;Erlandson et al., 1993;Kim et al., 1999 (Colaizzi, 1978;Kim et al., 2012) (Jeon, 2010;Jeon, 2008;Kim et al., 2013 ...
This study explored the necessities, facilitators, and barriers of school-based dietary education and examined strategies for its enhancement. Focus group interviews were conducted with eight home economics teachers, who play pivotal roles in delivering dietary education in middle and high schools. The teachers highlighted the growing need for school-based dietary education due to increasing dietary issues among adolescents, media influence, the declining role of families in dietary education, and the importance of nutrition and independent dietary competence during adolescence. Facilitating factors included students’ interest in dietary topics, teachers' engagement in subject research groups and training programs, and public discourse on dietaryrelated social issues. However, barriers such as limited class hours, insufficient school infrastructure and funding, low awareness among school members and parents, outdated educational materials, and unclear boundaries between related subjects hindered implementation. To address these challenges, teachers proposed strategies such as raising public awareness of dietary education, developing field-oriented teaching materials and tools, strengthening teacher training and support systems, and enhancing systematic government support, including dedicated class hours. Strengthening school-based dietary education is expected to equip adolescents with the knowledge and skills necessary for a healthy future.
... The original recording materials were properly preserved after collation for later retrieval. Colaizzi's (1978) content analysis method was used to analyze the transcribed interview data. The specific steps included: (i) Carefully and repeatedly read the transcribed interview data to understand the real meaning expressed; (ii) xtract significant statements from the transcribed data; ...
... According to Colaizzi's (1978) content analysis, meaningful statements were extracted from the transcribed interview data of 10 students. After coding and classification, the data could be summed up into 37 categories. ...
As the central theme of The Times, innovation has put forward new requirements for the development of integrated traditional Chinese and Western medicine. Through investigation, it was found that as an emerging theory, the course development of motor fasciology was in a blank state. This study analyzed the current situation and influencing factors of motor fasciology of undergraduates in a medical college by questionnaire survey. To design the basic theoretical framework of curriculum design based on Taylor’s goal model, choose the teaching content, method, and teaching evaluation of constructivism learning theory, combined with the six steps of medical curriculum design, the standard design of “sports and muscular chain” course in medical college was carried out, including the nature and objectives of the course, teaching content, teaching method, school allocation, and teaching evaluation. Expert consultation was used to demonstrate the critical elements of the course, and finally, the curriculum standards of movement and myofascial chain for medical students were determined. The educational experiment scheme was used to evaluate the effect of the curriculum. The effect of the exercise and myofascial chain curriculum standards was evaluated through a mixed research design combining quantitative and qualitative research, and an experimental evaluation tool was developed. The changes in exercise rehabilitation knowledge and skills based on exercise and the myofascial chain were analyzed before and after the course. Semi-structured personal interviews were conducted to understand the gains and changes in course learning and the evaluation and suggestions for the course. The Movement and Myofascial Chain courses can change students’ cognition of exercise rehabilitation, improve students’ ability to deal with sports injuries, and broaden students’ horizons, enhancing physical literacy by deepening medical students’ understanding of exercise rehabilitation, equipping them with practical skills to address sports injuries, and broadening their perspectives on integrated healthcare practices in both Chinese and Western medicine.
... The information gathered in this research was analyzed using Colaizzi's phenomenological thematic analysis method (Colaizzi, 1978). This method facilitated a thorough investigation of the lived experiences of science teachers working in resource-limited environments, highlighting the core of their difficulties. ...
This phenomenological study explores the lived experiences of elementary science teachers in resource-constrained environments, focusing on the impact of insufficient instructional materials. Grounded in the Conservation of Resources (COR) theory, the study examines how the scarcity of teaching materials affects teachers' personal, social, and structural resources. Through in-depth interviews and thematic analysis, findings reveal that lacking of instructional resources reduces teaching confidence, increases emotional stress, and limits mentorship opportunities. Teachers often struggle with financial constraints, inadequate facilities, and the absence of modern laboratory equipment, which hinder effective science instruction. The study emphasizes the pressing need for systemic interventions, such as equitable resource distribution, enhanced mentorship programs, and increased institutional support, to alleviate the burden on teachers and improve science education quality in marginalized areas. By amplifying the voices of educators, this research provides valuable insights for policymakers and educational stakeholders in fostering resource equity and support mechanisms for teachers in under-resourced settings.
... Thus, this qualitative phenomenological study enabled the researcher to conduct a detailed study of Chinese women's life experiences after late-life remarriage. The data analysis was based on Colaizzi's methodology [42], which has been shown to be rigorous and robust. Colaizzi's seven-step analytic methodology [43] guided the data analysis process by providing the researcher with detailed and sequential steps to improve the reliability and dependability of the results [44,45]. ...
Background
Although late-life remarriage is not a rare phenomenon, it remains a controversial topic in China. Late-life remarriage involves many challenges and crises, especially for elderly women, who are often in weaker positions in remarriage relationships and face more difficulties. Currently, research on the life experiences of Chinese women after late-life remarriage is still limited. The purpose of this study is to explore and describe the life experiences of Chinese women who remarried later in life and to explore and describe their feelings about these experiences.
Methods
A phenomenological qualitative research design involving in-depth semistructured interviews was selected. Data analysis was performed via Colaizzi's methodology.
Results
Sixteen women participated in this study. Four themes and 8 subthemes emerged: (1) companionship and support attainment (daily companionship and economic support), (2) nanny-like treatment (undertaking most household chores and care work alone, suspected and guarded in terms of money), (3) degradation of social ties (decreased interaction with the original family, reduced contact with friends), and (4) concerns about the future (treatment costs after illness, housing issues after their new husband's death).
Conclusion
Our results reveal the complexity and vulnerability of the life experiences of Chinese women after late-life remarriage, which are the result of a combination of sociocultural and structural factors and reflect the pressure and injustice that women endure in a patriarchal society. Moreover, the study reveals the inadequacy of basic medical insurance and basic pension insurance systems. The results of this study will not only help society at large better understand the life experiences of Chinese women in stepfamilies after late-life remarriage but also help to provide numerous important recommendations for professionals who provide support to stepfamilies, as well as for policymakers.
... Qualitative analysis using Colazzi's phenomenological approach identified four themes across PA, Pharm, and PT students. 20,21 Examples of students' narrative responses are provided in Table 1. ...
Background: Older adults experience disproportionately higher rates of harm, delay, and discoordination while seeking and receiving healthcare. To optimize training for entry-level healthcare providers, we developed a curriculum to enhance the readiness of health professions students to provide age-friendly care (AFC) to older adults using the 4Ms framework. Methods: Kern’s 6-step approach guided the development of the curriculum. Participants included 434 students in Pharmacy, Physical Therapy, and Physician Assistant programs, 34 alumni, and 28 faculty affiliated with a university in the southeastern United States. Formative evaluation occurred throughout and included interviews and surveys with key stakeholders. Summative evaluation included collection of quantitative and qualitative data. Quantitative data addressed students’ knowledge via module-specific quizzes and students’ attitudes per the Geriatric Attitudes Scale (GAS) and the Expectations Regarding Aging-12 Scale (ERA12). Qualitative data included narrative responses on two reflections: the student’s role as a member of the older adults' healthcare team, and incorporating principles of AFC for older adults during their upcoming clinical rotations. Results: Kern’s approach was an effective framework to guide the curricular development. Students’ knowledge increased per successful completion of module quizzes (scores 80 and above). There were no changes in pre-post GAS or ERA-12 scores. Qualitative assessment of reflections identified four themes related to the delivery of age-friendly care: interconnection between the 4Ms, importance of the interprofessional team, person-centered care, and provider competency and accountability. Discussion: The web-based curriculum enhanced the perceived readiness of health professions students to provide care to older adults. The open-access curriculum appears to be one component that helps optimize the training of entry-level healthcareproviders to better prepare them for interprofessional practice in the care of older adults.
... The investigators obtained Institutional Review Board approval prior to initiating the study and obtained informed consent from participants prior to enrolment. Colaizzi's (1978) methodology was followed for the analysis and interpretation of the qualitative narratives. After verbatim transcription and translation of the audio recordings into English, members of the research team were assigned multiple transcripts to review for familiarisation. ...
Introduction
War, displacement, and relocation are traumatic events affecting mental health and require professional attention. As the war in Ukraine continues, the mental health needs of refugees persist.
Aim
To explore Ukrainian refugees' perceived mental health, self‐stigma related to psychological care‐seeking, and mental health services utilisation.
Method
A mixed‐methods study was conducted using semi‐structured interviews and self‐stigma surveys of twenty‐one Ukrainian refugee women who relocated to the United States and shared their experiences.
Results
Five themes were identified: perception and knowledge of mental health and illness; impact of war on mental health; self‐management; finding inner peace; and seeking mental health services. Additionally, participants demonstrated a high likelihood of self‐stigma.
Discussion
Understanding refugees' perceptions and reducing self‐stigma related to mental health can be important for promoting psychological care seeking.
Limitations
Including only female refugees who were interested in participating increased the risk of self‐selection bias.
Implications
These findings inform nurses and other healthcare professionals of the unique mental health needs of Ukrainian female refugees to support culturally sensitive and appropriate mental health care.
Recommendations
It is imperative to conduct similar research with male refugees, particularly with those who have been exposed to combat, to identify and mitigate mental health problems.
... Colaizzi' s seven-step phenomenological approach was used for data analysis [27]. Each audio-recorded interview was transcribed word by word into Chinese within 24 hours. ...
Background: Postpartum distress is more prevalent than postpartum depression (PPD) and poses a significant risk for the development of depressive symptoms in women. However, existing research has predominantly focused on universal depressive symptoms while overlooking potential mental health risk factors within specific cultural contexts. This study aims to explore the barriers and associated distress experienced by primiparas during their first postpartum year and to identify potential risk factors influencing their mental health within the context of Chinese culture. Methods: A descriptive phenomenological study design was used. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with 25 primiparas within one year of delivery during July and September 2022. Each conversation lasted between 32-56 min. Colaizzi’s seven-step phenomenological approach was utilized for data analysis. Findings: Six themes were identified, including (a) body weakness, pain, and sleep deprivation are highly prevalent during the "yue zi" period;(b) struggling with considerable effort, sacrifice, and obstacles in breastfeeding;(c) helplessness in childcare due to insufficient or unreliable social support; (d) confusion and difficulty in accessing scientific maternal and child health knowledge; (e) frustrating and increasing family conflicts centered on mother and mother-in-law relations; and (f) sticking to work or not can bring significant entanglement to primiparas. Conclusion: The findings of this descriptive phenomenological study show that primiparas face significant barriers and distress during the first-month confinement, a critical period for physical and mental recovery influenced by Chinese culture. Adequate professional and informational support, along with appropriate family support, especially from mothers-in-law is essential to alleviate stress. Interventions targeting multiple family members to improve relationship quality and enhance support are crucial for developing practical and effective interventions.
... The content analysis was conducted using Colaizzi's seven-step method [23]. In the first step, the interview transcripts were read and reread for familiarization with the data and obtain a general send of the whole content. ...
Background
Intimate partner violence (IPV) has severe physical and mental complications; however, some women stay in abusive relationships. There is little in-depth qualitative work on the experiences of IPV in Iranian women staying with their abusive partners. In this study, we aim to explore the lived experiences of IPV in Iranian women with a history of remaining in abusive relationships in order to help identify the factors related to their decision to stay with their abusive partners.
Methods
This is a qualitative study that was conducted in 2021–2022. Twelve married women living in Tehran city, who had a history of staying with their abusive partners for at least two years were sampled purposefully (after reaching data saturation) and interviewed. The content analysis was conducted using Colaizzi’s seven-step method.
Results
The results led to the extraction of five themes including psychological factors (psychological entrapment, depression, fear of loneliness, conflicting feelings, PTSD, fear of life-threatening danger, low self-esteem, learned helplessness), relational factors (repeat of violence, return of violence, emotional divorce, presence of children), family-related factors (parents as role model, bad relationship with parents, escape from family, lack of family support), socioeconomic factors (social stigma, social isolation, lack of proper mental health services, financial dependence, inefficient criminal justice system, lack of support from governmental organizations), and attitudinal factors (justifying violence, faking happiness, lack of awareness, shame, hope for change).
Conclusion
Different psychological, relational, family-related, socioeconomic, and attitudinal factors affect Iranian women’s decision to stay with their abusive partners. Policymakers and decision-makers in Iran should focus on empowering these women, especially those who are the victims of IPV, and consider ways to develop policies that support them in all areas.
... Phenomenological research begins with a synopsis of the research paradigm, followed by a description of the position of the participants in the research, accompanied by methods of data collection, where data storage methods are illustrated. According to Adrian Van Kaam (1955) and P. F. Colaizzi (1978), to convey the overall meaning, the researcher developed a combination of textural and structural descriptions. The purpose of collecting data from three different zones is a form of 'data triangulation' to contrast the data and 'validate' the data if it produces similar findings (Holloway, 1997). ...
Phenomenological research is an inductive, descriptive research methodology derived from phenomenological philosophy which aim is to describe an experience that is presumed to have been had by the subject in a particular setting. This approach of research can be used to find out the generic settlement pattern of a specific context. The specific research essentially attempted to connect methodically, the various threads and fill up the gaps to identify the order that prevails in the settlement pattern of the Bengal Delta, thereby testing the hypothesis, that “Bengal Delta has a generic settlement pattern”. From the three stratified zones, 22 case study settlements were selected at random for the field survey, KII and FGD. On analysing all the data, historical interpretation of the settlement patterns and logically identifying the phenomenon behind the development, a ‘generic settlement pattern’ is revealed. The research has been conducted through a triangulation of literature review, phenomenological approach and qualitative data analysis. The analogical context is identified through the historical phenomenological interpretation of available literature. This article has described the systematic procedure of the phenomenological approach of research for the study on the generic settlement pattern of the Bengal Delta.
... The data were then translated and organized to extract the information's maximal purpose. A data analyst analyzed and coded the themes and ideas relative to the research questions anchored in Colaizzi's (1978) technique of analyzing the phenomenon, which includes transcribing data from interviews, sorting out vital information, analyzing meaning, determining common themes, and tracing back the informants for accuracy and affirmation of the data gathered. This is intended to find recurrent themes, patterns, and linguistic clues about communication and language dynamics in philander and infidelity. ...
This study explores the linguistic conventions and etiquette used by philanderers—people who commit infidelity and extramarital affairs. Using a multiple case study approach, this study focuses on the language characteristics of philanderers, mainly how they use rhetorical techniques and linguistic strategies to manage various relationships and to conceal and disguise such activity. Through in-depth interviews and analyses of mobile communication, this research demonstrates varied use of language, vocabulary, deceiving tactics, and coded terminology. The study displays a common practice of employing prudent vocabulary choices, the tone used in conversation, politeness in language and communication, and reassuring techniques to manipulate emotion and persuasion. The use of code words, deceiving language, coded terminologies for meeting places and sexual activities, and selective language used inside social circles have been indicated in the results as part of the participants’ linguistic patterns. Furthermore, philanderers use various techniques in preserving and hiding relationships, such as employing intimate and seductive language, adaptive language, creative expression, emotionally appealing expressions, and respectful and polite language. By revealing the adept linguistic strategies and patterns of the philanderers, this study contributes to a broader knowledge of how language and communication are used in dealing with deceit and trust in relationships and provides practical insights into determining linguistically deceiving expressions. This research offers a deeper understanding of how philanderers navigate their lives and manage multiple relationships by carefully and consciously selecting language and communication, which can be valuable in various professional and personal contexts. This study provides new avenues for comprehending the complex dynamics of multiple relationships and the role of linguistics and language
... Open-ended questions were employed to encourage participants to share their perspectives without restriction, ensuring that the data collected remained authentic and reflective of their personal experiences [54]. The flexibility of qualitative inquiry, combined with a phenomenological lens, ensures that this study effectively captures the complexities of CIs' adaptation to online RLE, providing valuable insights into teaching strategies, technological challenges, and professional growth in the digital learning environment [55,56]. ...
This study explores the lived experiences of Clinical Instructors (CIs) in facilitating online Related Learning Experiences (RLE) for nursing students during the 2020–2021 academic year in three higher education institutions (HEIs) in Bacolod City, Philippines. Using a qualitative phenomenological approach, in-depth semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine nursing faculty members to understand their motivations, challenges, and adaptations in transitioning from face-to-face to online RLE delivery. Purposive sampling was used to select participants who had prior clinical teaching experience before the COVID-19 pandemic. Findings revealed three major themes: 1) Adapting to Changes in Teaching and Learning, which emphasized the development of new skills, knowledge updates, and emotional adjustments; 2) Challenges in Online RLE, highlighting technical inadequacies, resource limitations, and external constraints such as poor internet connectivity and power interruptions; and 3) Growth and Professional Development, underscoring the instructors’ resilience and professional advancement despite these difficulties. The study concludes that enhancing digital infrastructure and revising the nursing curriculum to incorporate technology-driven pedagogies are essential for improving online RLE delivery. These findings provide practical insights for HEIs and policymakers in strengthening faculty training, digital literacy, and resource accessibility, ensuring the effectiveness of online nursing education in future crises.
... This study takes a deep dive into the motivational experiences of ten participants in a collaborative writing workshop, employing a phenomenological exploratory qualitative research design and constructivist epistemology. This approach aligns with Colaizzi's method (Colaizzi, 1978;Morrow et al., 2015;Shosha, 2012), which has been chosen over other phenomenological approaches because of its structured and systematic nature. This emphasizes the importance of understanding participants' lived experiences in their own words. ...
... The analysis of the interview was conducted based on Colaizzi's phenomenological method 15 , adhering to a structured seven-step procedure to ensure methodological rigor. The initial steps included transcription of the interviews and comprehensive review, followed by the utilization of Taguette software 16 for extracting and categorizing the significant statements. ...
Educators in South Korea face significant challenges such as job dissatisfaction and increased workloads. This qualitative study evaluated the efficacy of a visual imagery-based online writing program designed to enhance teachers’ psychological well-being and stress management based on Cognitive Behavioral Theory. Conducted from October to December 2020, the study involved ten middle school teachers from Y City, Gyeonggi-do. Using in-depth interviews, the research focused on the psychological impacts of the program, particularly in the areas of self-reflection and stress management, while introducing the “Tower Model” for self-therapy. Findings revealed substantial improvements in self-reflection, emotional understanding, and authenticity among participants. The writing exercises provided critical insights into personal and psychological well-being, thereby enhancing mental health. The “Tower Model” proved effective in improving self-understanding, stress management, and resilience. The model integrates emotional expression and rational observation, guiding participants toward a balanced self-reflection process. Six key themes were identified: Self-Understanding, Understanding Others, Confrontation, Positivity, Organization, Future Design, collectively contributing to increased self-awareness and optimism. This study highlights the potential of visual imagery-based online writing coupled with mindfulness practices as an effective tool for supporting teachers’ psychological well-being. However, the small sample size and short duration limit generalizability, and further research is recommended to explore its broader applicability across diverse and culturally sensitive contexts.
... For the analysis of interview data, the seven-stage method developed by Colaizzi for phenomenological research was taken as the basis (Colaizzi, 1978). To analyze the data, two researchers independently read the interview transcripts many times and tried to understand the contents in depth. ...
Aim
This research examines the ambiguity of the migration process experienced by earthquake victims who had to migrate following the Kahramanmaraş-centered earthquake disaster in 2023 and their adaptation to their new lives.
Background
The post-earthquake migration process can leave people with uncertainty and the problems that come with it. The uncertainty experienced by these individuals has not been addressed in the literature, and these experiences are important.
Methods
In this study, which was conducted using the phenomenological research design, the snowball sampling method, one of the purposeful sampling methods, was used. The data was collected face-to-face with 19 earthquake victims through 30 to 40-min in-depth interviews. Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis method was used to analyze the data obtained.
Results
According to the analysis results, there are three main categories (From the Earthquake Shock to a New Life: The Journey of Migration and Adaptation, Identity Transformation Caused by Migration: The Adventure of Adapting to a New Life, Dreams and Goals for the Future: A New Beginning in the Pursuit of Hope) and five themes (Getting Lost in the Dark Labyrinths of Migration, The Difficult Journey of Adaptation After Migration, Loss of Identity and Cultural Storms, Broken Ropes and Longing Times, Future Plans and Optimism) that have emerged.
Discussion
The research shows that migrating earthquake victims are in an environment of uncertainty where they do not know what to do, experience identity crises and cultural conflict after migration, long for the past, and have difficulty adapting. It is also noteworthy that immigrants remain generally optimistic and maintain their hopes for their future despite their problems. Practitioners serving immigrant populations are recommended to integrate grief and loss support into the spiritual care process through psychoeducation, assessments, and therapy.
... See, for example, A.Giorgi (1985), A. P.Giorgi and Giorgi (2003), andWertz (2023).3 See, for example,Colaizzi (1978) and W. F.Fischer (1978).4 SHERMAN ...
This article reviews key theoretical assumptions and principles from phenomenological philosophy and psychology, as well as critical realism, to provide further rationale, grounds for, and substantiation of the importance of the transcendental reduction in phenomenological qualitative research in psychology. The transcendental dimension of experience is considered as a fruitful source of understanding the meaning of the psychological, in its conjunction with and relation to objective reality, and the philosophy of critical realism. The application of these ideas to phenomenologically informed, empirical psychological qualitative research methods is considered, particularly as they relate to the integration of subjectivity and objectivity. This is further accomplished by exploring and clarifying how the issues of interpretation, epoché, and reduction used in the qualitative research literature, relate to realist concerns about objectivity. Ideas from critical realism, in turn, provide further rationale for this integrative position. The outcome of the analysis points to the importance of the transcendental and phenomenological psychological reductions for best accessing and achieving comprehensive meaning in qualitative research in psychology in relation to “real” human experience.
... After the interview with the participants, the gathered data were transcribed and translated. These data were analyzed using Colaizzi's (1978) method. This method is well-known for its methodical and comprehensive approach, which entails several crucial steps, including verbatim transcription of the interviews, identification of key statements, interpretation of the meanings, categorization of themes, creation of a comprehensive description, creation of the basic framework, and asking participants for confirmation. ...
This research explores the lived experiences of male sex workers with a focus on understanding the challenges they face, the coping strategies they employ, as well as the language they usually use when interacting with clients. Employing a qualitative multiple case study approach, the methodology involves in-depth interviews of five male sex workers whose age ranges from 19-21 years old and natives of San Juan, Southern Leyte, Philippines. This approach facilitates a comprehensive understanding of their experiences, coping mechanisms, and the vocabulary they employ when communicating with clients. The key results reveal that these informants encounter significant challenges, including financial difficulties, thus resulting in engaging in this profession, moreover, they also face discrimination, social exclusion, and safety risks. Despite these challenges, these male sex workers navigate their lives as sex workers by using coping strategies such as discrimination acceptance, socializing and enjoyment with peers, and self-confidence and resiliency. A total of forty-eight (48) expressions emerged from the collected data. These expressions were categorized into: Introductory Signals, Name Substitution, and Sexual Services.
... During the data analysis process, hypotheses emerged organically from the gathered data, which then informed the theoretical framework. Using a qualitative approach, and drawing on Colaizzi's (1978) phenomenological method, the data was processed using Microsoft Word to organize files by subject matter. Summaries were created for each subject, and recurring themes were analysed in relation to one another. ...
This article examines the experiences of young women and children affected by Boko Haram's violence-a terror group in Nigeria, focusing on how their lives within the insurgency's grasp provide a lens into broader gender dynamics. It highlights the roles of resilience and agency, particularly in the context of captivity and escape. While the sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) they faced is acknowledged in several literatures, the intricate dynamics of surviving captivity and navigating escape are underexplored. Drawing on qualitative data from the International Christian Centre, this study examines the ways in which young women and children actively navigated their captivity through expressions of agency, resilience and complex gendered dynamics. It explores both their adherence to and reshaping of traditional gender roles, framed through the lens of multiple or 'overlapping identities.' This approach informs diverse survival strategies embedded in the integration and normalization of gender dynamics within the context of captivity, escape and survival strategies.
... During the data analysis process, hypotheses emerged organically from the gathered data, which then informed the theoretical framework. Using a qualitative approach, and drawing on Colaizzi's (1978) phenomenological method, the data was processed using Microsoft Word to organize files by subject matter. Summaries were created for each subject, and recurring themes were analysed in relation to one another. ...
This article examines the experiences of young women and children affected by Boko Haram's violence-a terror group in Nigeria, focusing on how their lives within the insurgency's grasp provide a lens into broader gender dynamics. It highlights the roles of resilience and agency, particularly in the context of captivity and escape. While the sexual and gender-based violence (SGBV) they faced is acknowledged in several literatures, the intricate dynamics of surviving captivity and navigating escape are underexplored. Drawing on qualitative data from the International Christian Centre, this study examines the ways in which young women and children actively navigated their captivity through expressions of agency, resilience and complex gendered dynamics. It explores both their adherence to and reshaping of traditional gender roles, framed through the lens of multiple or 'overlapping identities.' This approach informs diverse survival strategies embedded in the integration and normalization of gender dynamics with
... Given the qualitative phenomenological nature of the study, Colaizzi [55] method of data analysis was employed. This method is widely regarded for its rigor and robustness, ensuring the credibility and reliability of its results. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic significantly reshaped nursing education, with the transition to remote learning impacting clinical confidence and competency development among student nurses. As nursing programs shift back to in-person learning, students face challenges in adapting to limited face-to-face clinical exposure, which serves as a critical bridge between theoretical knowledge and hands-on practice. This qualitative study employs descriptive phenomenology to explore the lived experiences of six nursing students-three third-level and three fourth-level-selected based on specific inclusion criteria. Data were gathered through one-on-one semi-structured Zoom interviews, and thematic analysis identified four key themes: (1) ineffective practical learning through virtual platforms, (2) limited face-to-face clinical exposure as a foundation for skill recovery, (3) challenges in transitioning from virtual to actual related learning experiences, and (4) fostering clinical confidence through personal preparation and adaptation. The findings highlight the difficulties students face in regaining hands-on competencies, adjusting to new learning modalities, and managing self-directed learning strategies to compensate for lost clinical immersion. Despite these challenges, limited face-to-face exposure was perceived as a step toward rebuilding clinical confidence, emphasizing the need for adaptable nursing curricula, enhanced simulation strategies, and structured transition programs. The study provides insights for educators, administrators, and policymakers in optimizing clinical education, ensuring students are adequately prepared for the evolving demands of professional nursing practice.
... Data analysis in this study followed Colaizzi's method (15). The research process is as follows. ...
Introduction
The trend of older pregnant women and infertile women in South Korea, who are influencing the low birth rate, is on the rise. Older infertile women earnestly hoped for pregnancy and persisted in undergoing assisted reproductive technology multiple times. However, contrary to their wishes, they experienced failure to conceive.
Materials and method
This study is qualitative research aimed at exploring the essential meaning of the experiences of women over 35 who have faced pregnancy failure after assisted reproductive technology.
Results
The average age of the participants in this study was 41.8 years, and they underwent an average of 5.7 assisted reproductive treatments after their infertility diagnosis. Through in-depth interviews with the participants, 120 meaningful statements were derived, which were classified into 23 themes, 9 theme clusters, and 4 categories. The four categories were “struggles and trials regarding assisted reproductive technology”, “the challenging treatment journey”, “the journey of overcoming sadness”, and “the value and happiness gained from experience”.
Conclusion
The results of this study showed that infertile women over 35, despite failing to conceive after assisted reproductive technology, were able to overcome their sadness and move towards personal growth. Therefore, various methods should be sought to support the psychological growth of women undergoing assisted reproductive technology.
... Also, it entails reflecting on the data obtained, as well as asking question and making interpretations during the study (Creswell, 2018). The data gathered was analyzed using the method of Colaizzi (1978). It involved the process of examining, analyzing, and conceptualizing data in order to find general statements among different types of data (Hotjar, 2023). ...
Digitizing library resources unlocks knowledge and breaks down physical barriers, allowing anyone to access the collections anytime, anywhere at the same time for the current and future library users. The purpose of this phenomenological qualitative study was to explore the difficulties and strategies of digitizing library resources of academic libraries in Davao region. Twelve (12) academic librarians were conveniently chosen to participate in the study through Key Informant Interview (KII) and data gathered were analyzed using Colaizzi's thematic analysis. Results revealed that the difficulties included technological and infrastructure barriers in digitization, skills and knowledge gaps in digitization, and preservation concerns. These challenges were addressed by employing strategy such as upgrades the technological infrastructure, training and professional development, and new digital preservation methods. The forms of support that they needed from the administrators to facilitate successful digitization projects were increase financial resource allocation, administrative support for policy development, and expanding collaboration for resource sharing of digitized collections. Based on the findings, it is recommended that academic librarians implement a well-defined strategy supported by strong administrative backing, to address and overcome obstacles in the digital realm.
... To analyze the raw data from the recorded interviews, the researcher employed [42] seven-step descriptive phenomenological method. The process began with familiarization, where the researcher transcribed the interviews and repeatedly read each participant's story to gain a comprehensive understanding of the data. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic has presented significant challenges to global public health, with vaccine hesitancy emerging as a major obstacle to achieving widespread immunity. This study examines the lived experiences of vaccine-resistant individuals in Negros Occidental, Philippines, to understand the underlying factors contributing to their hesitancy and how they navigate health protocols. Using a phenomenological approach, six unvaccinated participants were identified through snowball sampling in collaboration with local government health officials. Semi-structured interviews revealed three key themes: Navigating the Jab Maze, which explores concerns about vaccine safety and efficacy; Abiding by the Protocols for Unvaccinated Individuals, which highlights adherence to alternative preventive measures; and Embracing Health Concerns, which examines the role of personal beliefs, governance perceptions, and experiences of exclusion. Findings indicate that vaccine hesitancy stems from concerns about vaccines being experimental, personal convictions, and distrust in government policies. Despite their reluctance, participants adhered to public health measures, reflecting a complex balance between autonomy and collective responsibility. This study underscores the need for interdisciplinary strategies that integrate public health, social sciences, and policy-making to address vaccine hesitancy effectively. The findings provide insights for policymakers and healthcare practitioners in designing inclusive, trust-building interventions to enhance vaccine acceptance and public health outcomes.
... This process included familiarization with data, generating initial codes, searching for themes, reviewing themes, defining and naming themes, and producing the final report. Codes were derived inductively to ensure findings were grounded in participants' experiences, and thematic development was complemented by phenomenological principles (Colaizzi, 1978;van Manen, 1990). ...
This study aims to identify effective educational strategies to empower women for leadership roles in Malaysia’s corporate sector and evaluate their impact on advancing gender equality (SDG 5) and quality education (SDG 4). Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, the research utilizes purposive and snowball sampling to conduct in-depth interviews with senior female executives in Malaysia, exploring their experiences and perceptions of educational strategies for leadership empowerment. The findings reveal six effective strategies: comprehensive leadership development programmes, mentorship from female leaders and coaching by business experts, gender diversity and inclusivity initiatives, networking and collaborative learning programmes, professional skill development workshops, and return-to-work programmes. However, due to geographical and work-related constraints, the study is limited by a small sample size of five participants. Despite these limitations, the study offers valuable insights for empowering women and learning in organizations. The identified strategies provide practical direction for designing targeted learning programmes that address the unique challenges faced by women in the corporate sector, enhancing their leadership potential and contributing to the achievement of SDG 5 and SDG 4. The originality of this research in educational strategies lies in equipping women with the skills, knowledge, and confidence necessary for leadership roles in Malaysia that contribute to academic literature and practical frameworks for promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment.
... Feedback from FGDs and interviews was systematically recorded using adaptation and monitoring forms, which detailed proposed changes and the rationales behind them. The FGDs and interviews were then transcribed verbatim in Arabic and analyzed following Colaizzi's (1978) seven-step approach. A team-based inductive thematic analysis was performed, beginning with multiple readings of the transcripts to familiarize the researchers with the data. ...
The stepped care model is a hierarchical healthcare approach that matches treatment intensity to a patient's condition, ensuring efficient resource use while providing appropriate care. This study conducted a qualitative process evaluation to assess the feasibility, acceptability, and contextual suitability of a multicenter, parallel‐group, superiority, randomized controlled trial addressing psychological distress among adults in Jordan. The trial applied the stepped care framework using two scalable WHO interventions adapted to the Jordanian context. Qualitative data was gathered through focus group discussions and phone interviews with 44 participants, facilitators, and assessors. Two themes emerged: (1) Navigating Transformations, highlighting participants' personal growth, including improved self‐esteem, family dynamics, and coping mechanisms, alongside the benefits of group sessions and supportive relationships with facilitators; and (2) Navigating Challenges and Improvements, focusing on logistical and personal difficulties such as scheduling issues, and suggestions for improving accessibility and engagement. Findings support the feasibility of the stepped care model as a promising approach to providing accessible and effective mental health support in Jordan. The study calls for hybrid models integrating group and individual support while emphasizing the need for enhanced facilitator training and support systems.
... Rationality, from a human science perspective, becomes the logic of intelligible human experience and action based in our "thoughtful and conversational relation with the world" ( van Manen, 1990, p. 10). Colaizzi (1978) has suggested that objectivity from an interpretive perspective is having "fidelity to phenomena" (p. 52), a faithfulness necessarily inclusive of our own experience and the experiences of others. ...
Designing and carrying out effective and valid research are the desired goals of all researchers, and demonstrating the trustworthiness of one’s dissertation research is a requirement for all doctoral candidates. For qualitative researchers, reaching the desired goal and meeting the requirement of trustworthiness become particularly problematic due to the considerable debate about what it means to do valid research in the field of qualitative inquiry. This article reviews the various approaches to the validity problem in the hope of turning this debate into a dialogue. Validity is traced from its origins in the realist ontology and foundational epistemology of quantitative inquiry to its reformulations within the lifeworld ontology and non-foundationalism of interpretive human inquiry. Various recent qualitative approaches to validity are considered, and interpretive reconfigurations of validity are reviewed. Interpretive approaches to validity are synthesized as ethical and substantive procedures of validation.
... The interview results of this study were analysed by Microsoft Word and Excel. Data analysis was based on Colaizzi's 7-step analysis method of phenomenological data [22]. First, within 24 h after the interview, three researchers (YN, YC and FY) sorted the interview materials. ...
Background
Patients with end-stage haemophilic arthritis (HA) are often hesitant about joint replacement surgery, yet little is known about the decision experiences faced by these patients. The aim of this study was to better understand the experiences faced by patients with HA when making decisions about joint replacement surgery and to provide a reference for health care professionals in the development of decision-making aids.
Methods
Fifteen HA patients who were candidates for joint replacement surgery at a tertiary and first-class hospital in Zhejiang Province were interviewed using a semistructured in-depth interview from January to December 2023. Colaizzi's seven-step method was used to analyse the data and refine the themes.
Results
The decision experience for patients with HA regarding joint replacement surgery can be summarized into four themes: decision information conflict, decision support conflict, self-perceived conflict, and self-developmental conflict.
Conclusion
Patients with HA face numerous decision conflicts. Health care professionals should develop joint replacement surgery decision-making aids suitable for patients with HA as soon as possible to reduce the decision conflict.
Trial registration
The study received approval from the Ethics Committee of Zhejiang Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, China (registration date: September 22, 2023; registration number: 2023-KLS-294–01).
... Since thematic analysis is a tool used by many qualitative approaches, many scholars have maintained that it is not a separate method, but rather something to be used to assist researchers in analysis (Boyatzis, 1998;Holloway & Todres, 2003;Ryan & Bernard, 2000). Colaizzi's, (1978) approach was used to analyze the data by the researchers. Colaizzi's approach has seven phases as quoted by Shosha, (2012), p. 33. ...
The COVID-19 pandemic brought unprecedented disruptions to the education system, and kindergarten teachers were not spared from the challenges. This study sought to investigate the challenges faced by kindergarten teachers, their coping mechanisms, and the effects of the "new normal" brought about by the pandemic. A qualitative, descriptive-phenomenological design was used, and in-depth face-to-face interviews were conducted with 10 kindergarten teachers from four schools in Digos City, following safety protocols. There were six themes identified under challenges, seven under coping mechanisms, and three under the effects of the new normal. Key challenges identified included a lack of resources and administrative support as well as a challenge in effectively teaching lessons to young learners. Key challenges included limited resources, poor connectivity, difficulties in lesson delivery and assessment, and increased workload. Coping mechanisms emphasized acceptance, maintaining a positive mindset, effective time management, and skill-building through training and seminars. Nofig effects included mindset changes, the necessity of technological proficiency, and a heavier workload. These findings underscore the urgent need for enhanced support from school administrators and targeted training programs. The study provides valuable insights for stakeholders, including educators, policymakers, and administrators, to address gaps and ensure sustainable support systems for teachers in adapting to evolving educational demands.
... All transcripts were analysed by (MN) following Colaizzi's seven step approach to descriptive phenomenological analysis. 15 This process ensured a rigorous analysis, with each step remaining closely aligned with the data. 16,17 Table 1 presents a summary of the seven steps involved with the analysis of the transcripts for this study. ...
... He looked at 451 deaths and, in each case, asked for causes for the death as perceived by his respondents (Breugel 2001, p. 26). I applied Colaizzi's (1978) method of analysing data and collapsed his categories to four presented in the table below. Among the Chewa, every death has a cause. ...
This volume shares in the increasing recognition of the intricate relationship between religious practices and other social phenomena. Therefore, the authors undertake the study of ATRs within the context of other societal factors. BiAS 43/ ERA 16 reflects on the dynamics of the study of ATRs, the possible methodologies that can be employed for an analysis, and how the motif of continuity and change is captured in different contexts. The chapters cover ATR’s dynamic history up to now, changes in its relationship with Christianity, ATR’s social transformations, ATR and ethics, and ATR and health issues. The book is dedicated to the memory of the great Malawian scholar Joseph Chaphadzika Chakanza (1943-2019). The editors and authors: Louis NDEKHA (ed.) (Malawi) | Rhodian MUNYENYEMBE (ed.) (Malawi) | Judith BACHMANN (ed.) (Germany) | Joseph CHAKANZA (†) (Malawi) | Obafemi JEGEDE (Nigeria) | Jones MAWERENGA (Malawi) | Mastone Lenias Kachikwerete MBEWE (Malawi) | Joyce MLENGA (Malawi) | Edwin PHIRI (Malawi) | Thokozani Jackson SOLOMON (Malawi) | Sangwani TEMBO (Malawi) | Joachim KÜGLER (ed. coop.) (Germany)
Background
Yemeni women and girls have long endured pervasive violence, a situation further exacerbated by the ongoing humanitarian crisis. Violence against women and girls (VAWG) is strongly stigmatized in the Yemeni context. In under-resourced, rural settings like Yemen, where gender inequities prevent women and girls from accessing the formal health system, community midwives may be an important resource for women and girls who experience interpersonal violence. This study explored community midwives' knowledge, training, and applied experience working with women and girls who experience interpersonal violence.
Methods
We conducted 20 in-depth interviews with community midwives in four Yemeni governorates. A female Yemeni physician and qualitative researcher trained in the ethical conduct of VAWG-related research conducted interviews using a semi-structured interview guide. Participants gave verbal consent for participation in the one-time interview. We used thematic analysis to summarise the findings. Interviews were transcribed in Arabic and English, and differences in interpretation were resolved through consensus.
Results
While midwives had limited formal training in supporting women and girls who experience interpersonal violence, they play a critical role in responding to VAWG in Yemen. Community midwives provide psychological support, contraception, violence-related health care, and referrals to more advanced healthcare and protection services, including women-friendly spaces (WFSs) and shelters. Lack of training and treatment guidelines, in addition to a lack of supportive services and VAWG-related stigma, were important barriers for midwives working with VAWG. The stigma associated with sexual violence discouraged women from seeking health care or accessing limited protection services.
Conclusion
Community midwives in Yemen are well-placed to support women and girls who experience violence. Midwives should receive context-appropriate training and support to work with women and girls who experience violence. The lack of available services and the stigma associated with experiencing, reporting and supporting VAWG survivors must be carefully considered before designing any intervention.
Bu araştırma, Türkiye'de üniversitelerde uygulanan risk odaklı kalite yönetimi uygulamalarının iç kontrol sistemlerinin etkinliği üzerindeki etkisini incelemektedir. Nitel araştırma yöntemi kullanılarak yürütülen çalışmada, fenomenolojik desen benimsenmiş ve veri toplama aracı olarak yarı yapılandırılmış bireysel görüşmeler tercih edilmiştir. Üniversitelerde iç kontrol ve kalite yönetim sistemlerinden sorumlu yöneticiler ve denetçilerle gerçekleştirilen görüşmelerden elde edilen veriler tematik olarak sınıflandırılmıştır. Araştırma bulguları, risk odaklı kalite uygulamalarının iç kontrol süreçlerine önemli katkılar sağladığını göstermektedir. Çalışma kapsamında beş ana tema belirlenmiştir: kalite, iç kontrol ve risk odaklılık kavramları; mevcut uygulamaların değerlendirilmesi; iç kontrol sistemlerine etkiler; sürdürülebilirlik; entegrasyon sürecindeki zorluklar. Katılımcılar, uygulamaların iç kontrol sistemlerinin etkinliğini artırdığını ancak bürokratik engeller, kaynak yetersizliği ve çalışan motivasyonu gibi sorunlarla karşılaşıldığını belirtmiştir. Bu çalışma, üniversitelerde iç kontrol ve kalite yönetim sistemlerinin entegrasyonuna yönelik önemli bulgular sunmakta ve bu alandaki literatüre katkı sağlamaktadır. Elde edilen sonuçlar, iç kontrol sistemlerinin etkinliğini artırmaya yönelik politika ve uygulamaların geliştirilmesine ışık tutmaktadır.
Purpose: This study aimed to explore the hospitalization experiences of elderly surgical patients and understand the meaning of these experiences. Methods: Data were collected through individual in-depth interviews with 10 elderly patients who underwent general anesthesia surgery at Ewha Womans University Seoul Hospital and were analyzed using Colaizzi’s phenomenological analysis method. Results: Four theme clusters and ten themes were identified. The theme clusters were “Limitations faced due to aging,” including themes of cognitive and physical decline. “Psychological retreat after undergoing surgery” encompassed role loss, feelings of guilt, and a sense of alienation, respectively. “Loss of freedom in inpatient life after surgery” highlighted dietary restrictions and physical dependence and “Concerns about life after discharge” reflected uncertainties, burdens, and negative thoughts about life. Conclusion: This study underscores the need for holistic nursing interventions that address not only the physical but also the psychological and social needs of elderly surgical patients. It also emphasizes the importance of effective communication strategies, emotional support, and post-discharge care. These findings provide foundational data for the development of tailored nursing practices and policies for elderly surgical patients.
Purpose
Loneliness is a major concern among teens in the United States, impacting mental health and school performance. The purpose of the current mixed methods study was to explore the experience of loneliness from the perspective of teens.
Method
Data were collected through surveys and in-depth interviews with eight teens (aged 13 to 15 years) from an urban after-school program. Participants were asked to describe their experiences and perceptions of loneliness.
Results
Participants rated their loneliness at 38.5 (moderate level). Analysis revealed that the experience of loneliness was commonly described as being alone in a crowded room. Participants highlighted feelings of social isolation, disconnectedness, and observing from the periphery. Contributing factors included school environment, social dynamics, and challenges in making friends.
Conclusion
Findings of this study provide insight into the lived experience of loneliness among teens, emphasizing the importance of comprehensive approaches to mitigate its adverse effects on mental health and school performance. Educational programs on healthy relationships and effective communication are recommended. [ Journal of Psychosocial Nursing and Mental Health Services, xx (xx), xx–xx.]
Workplace violence against physicians is a significant issue within the Turkish healthcare system, demanding comprehensive insights to inform targeted interventions. This phenomenological study explores the experiences of four manager-physicians, selected through purposive sampling based on specific criteria, such as a minimum of 25 years of experience and current managerial roles, through two rounds of in-depth, semi-structured interviews. The findings are categorized into manifestations of violence, underlying factors, and proposed preventive strategies. The results indicate that workplace violence often manifests as verbal abuse and physical aggression, primarily influenced by hospital overcrowding, patient entitlement, and insufficient communication training for physicians. The four participants noted that preventive measures could include strict legal consequences for perpetrators, stronger physician unions, and comprehensive communication training. Despite the limitations, such as the small sample size in a closed community in a relatively small town, this study contributes to theoretical understandings of workplace violence by linking these findings to the broader context of conflict in healthcare. The actionable recommendations highlight specific strategies that healthcare institutions and policymakers can implement to create a safer, more supportive environment for healthcare providers and patients.
Background
Little is known about the psychological wellbeing and the potential moral distress faced by female carers of children with disabilities living in low-resource settings in East Africa. In such environments, caregiving often requires resilience and resourcefulness, yet can also increase the vulnerability of caregivers and their children.
Objective
The objective of this study is to identify factors affecting female caregivers’ psychological well-being, and to suggest ways healthcare workers can support these caregivers’ psychological well-being to alleviate moral distress.
Methods
Employing an intersectional convergent parallel mixed-methods approach, the research explores the factors affecting the psychological wellbeing of caregivers in one urban and one rural low-resource setting in Kenya.
Results
The study identifies strengthening and inhibiting factors, across three dimensions, that moderate caregivers’ experiences of moral distress, and puts forward suggestions for healthcare workers on how to support caregivers’ psychological wellbeing.
Conclusions
Female carers of children with disabilities in low-resource settings in Kenya face numerous psychological, social and systemic challenges which jeopardize their caregiving, leading to moral distress. Paediatricians and nurses can contribute to enhance the caregivers’ coping-strategies and psychological well-being through simple changes, like explaining a child’s condition in non-technical language. Community health workers can help strengthen the caregivers’ already existing resources by accompanying them in the day-to-day care of their children and by helping them establish self-support groups. Consequently, improved training of healthcare- and community health workers in the field of childhood disability is needed to strengthen health systems, and to support these caregivers and their children.
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