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Modalisation and pragmatics in simultaneous TV interpreting. A case study: American presidential debates
Abstract
"Politics is quintessentially a language game", as Geis (1987: 13) wrote. As such it has its own rules, which politicians are expected to abide by, especially when addressing a television audience during a debate. Interpreters having to cope withmedia events1 are required to act professionally while remain pragmatically and interactionally aware of the situation. Therefore, they may use a number of linguistic strategies and devices primarily aiming at accomplishing specific communicative functions. However, such process may lead to a change in the pragmatic level of the interpreted text (IT) if compared to the original one (OT). This paper aims at analysing the impact discourse modalisation has on ITs. The research carried out on simultaneous interpreting (SI) of five American presidential debates ranging from 1984 to 2008 would suggest that modality markers used in the target language may emphasise the pragmatic level of ITs, whereas omissions and inaccurate renditions of speakers' statements would determine a mitigation of the emotional impact as perceived by interpretation users.
... Por el contrario, se debilita la estrategia ideológica cuando se omiten ciertos cuantificadores o calificadores vitales para la configuración de la estrategia. Estos sutiles cambios que se introducen constituyen marcadores (Colucci, 2011) cuya función sería la de, o bien mitigar, o bien fortalecer el mensaje, y que algunos estudios (Straniero, 2007) sugieren que no son la excepción en los TMs, sino la regla. ...
El estudio de la ideología es frecuente en el ámbito de la traducción escrita, pero escasea en interpretación de conferencias. En este trabajo aplicaremos la clasificación de estructuras ideológicas de Teun van Dijk al análisis de discursos originales e interpretados en un estudio observacional real: discursos en inglés de líderes estadounidenses y las interpretaciones al español que se realizaron para diferentes cadenas de televisión. Ese análisis será la base para cuantificar la transmisión de esa ideología y reflexionar acerca de sus posibles causas y consecuencias.
... Pöchhacker concluded that proper names, high speech rate, numbers, and culture specific items are the most challenging parts of interpreting the presidential debates (2011). Colucci (2011) analyzed the renditions of five US presidential debates between 1984 and 2008, examining the Italian target texts with the English source texts comparatively. He concluded that the omission or substitution of modality markers resulted in either a toning down or up of the target text, shifting the pragmatic effect of the text, thereby shaping the politicians' TVmediated profile. ...
Bu çalışmada 2020 Amerikan Başkanlık Münazaralarının ilkinin iki televizyon kanalı için Türkçeye yapılan çevirilerinde sayıların çevrilmesi incelenmiştir. Kaynak ve erek metinler karşılaştırılarak COVID çalışma koşulları ışığında sayıların nasıl çevrildiği değerlendirilmektedir. Sayıların çevrilmesi ve çalışma koşulları arasındaki ilişkinin aydınlatılması amacıyla, Amerikan Başkanlık Münazaralarını çeviren çevirmenler ile yarı yapılandırılmış derinlemesine görüşmeler yapılmıştır. Çalışmada, normalden farklı çalışma koşulları ışığında sayıların değiştirilerek ya da eksik çevrildiği saptanmıştır. Sonuç olarak, görüşme ve bütünce analizi bulguları çevirmenlerin birbirlerine yardımcı olamamalarını sayıların yanlış çevrilme oranını artırdığını ve çevirmenlerin sayıları sözlü çevirideki diğer unsurlara kıyasla önceliklendirmediklerini ortaya koymuştur.
As digital convergence marks the transition from print to screen culture, translation plays an increasingly important role of in the production and dissemination of the news. The translation of information in the news media is a pervasive set of practices that affects the daily consumption of the news and a topic of relevance to scholars in several areas of the humanities and the social sciences. This book provides a wide-ranging and accessible introduction to research in news media translation practices, products and processes, illustrating and discussing historical, theoretical and descriptive perspectives. Inter- and multi-disciplinary research spans fields such as Translation Studies, Linguistics, Journalism and Media Studies, and includes approaches from Critical Discourse Analysis and narrative theory to Systemic Functional Linguistics and Corpus Linguistics. The book also offers first-hand analyses of news texts in English and Italian, approaching news translation from an ethnomethodological perspective.
Full-time interpreters serving on TV outlets in Turkey hold two roles: they serve both as editors for the world news desk and as simultaneous interpreters. Drawing on interviews made with editor/interpreters and editors-in-chief and corroborating these with real-life interpreting instances, this paper investigates the relationship between editing and interpreting. It is found that the editing task assumed by interpreters/journalists bears upon the lexical choices made in interpreting on television news channels in Turkey. It is therefore claimed that familiarization with the language of the news helps staff interpreters in making renditions that follow the institutional policies of the outlets they serve, thus informing the interpreting output. Drawing on the term transediting, coined by Karen Stetting (1989) to describe the role of journalists, it is asserted that the role of these editor/interpreters might be described as that of ‘intereditors.’ It is the contention of the paper that interediting might prove useful in describing the TV interpreting of staff interpreters in Turkey.
Full-time interpreters serving on TV outlets in Turkey hold two roles: they serve both as editors for the world news desk and as simultaneous interpreters. Drawing on interviews made with editor/interpreters and editors-in-chief and corroborating these with real-life interpreting instances, this paper investigates the relationship between editing and interpreting. It is found that the editing task assumed by interpreters/journalists bears upon the lexical choices made in interpreting on television news channels in Turkey. It is therefore claimed that familiarization with the language of the news helps staff interpreters in making renditions that follow the institutional policies of the outlets they serve, thus informing the interpreting output. Drawing on the term transediting, coined by Karen Stetting (1989) to describe the role of journalists, it is asserted that the role of these editor/interpreters might be described as that of ‘intereditors.’ It is the contention of the paper that interediting might prove useful in describing the TV interpreting of staff interpreters in Turkey.
Press conferences during major football tournaments are usually multilingual and interpreter-mediated. This paper draws on audio and video data from FOOTIE, a corpus of simultaneously interpreted football press conferences in which the interpreters worked either in booths in the conference room or in an adjacent room with a monitor in each booth. The aim of the paper is to show how the interpreters’ dialogue coordination activities emerge in mode-specific ways in simultaneous interpreting, as opposed to consecutive dialogue interpreting in face-to-face settings. In particular, the notion of simultaneous dialogue interpreting is proposed and its implications in terms of dialogue coordination are analysed on the basis of corpus data.
Though interpreting is to a great extent about the interlinguistic reproduction of arguments, argumentation theory is almost completely overlooked by interpreting studies, which partly explains the frequent production of pragmatically inappropriate interpreted texts. Against the theoretical gap, the paper puts forward a descriptive argumentation approach to political speeches with a view to their simultaneous interpretation, in the spirit of making the case for a systematic contribution of argumentation studies to interpretation theory and training.
Le caractère créatif de l'interprétation simultanée (IS) est étudié à la lumière de la définition d'A. Lutzkanov au sujet du processus créatif en tant que processus se basant sur un choix non réglementé. On indique les moments dans les différentes phases de l'IS (par exemple lorsque l'on analyse le sens dans le segment discursif adopté, lorsque l'on trouve le meilleur équivalent dans la langue cible en préservant le sens dominant, etc.), quand l'interpréte doit faire un choix qui ne peut être justifié par des règles strictement établies. On relève surtout les principales raisons, spécifiques pour l'IS qui déterminent la nature non réglementée du choix, notamment: a/ le contexte insuffisant, dont dispose l'interpréte, car l'IS n'est pas "un jeu à information exhaustive," et, b/ la diversité dans le nombre et la combinatoire des facteurs qui entravent le choix de la variante optimale, procédant des particularités des éléments de la situation de communication.