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Twenty-Four Hours of Chamber REST Produces Specific Food Aversions in Obese Females
Abstract
“If ‘cure’ from obesity is defined as reduction to ideal weight for five years, a person is more likely to recover from most forms of cancer than from obesity” (Brownell, 1980, p. 820). According to the second National Health and Nutrition Examination survey, 26% of all U.S. adults are overweight (Van Itallie, 1985). This percentage accounts for 34 million people of which 12 million are severely overweight, or obese. Successful treatments for obesity are rare (Nicholas & Dwyer, 1986; Stunkard, 1976, 1986). As with other habits such as smoking, initial improvement is most often followed by relapse (Brownell, Marlatt, Lichtenstein, & Wilson, 1986; Brownell, 1980; Collins, Rothblum, & Wilson, 1986; Colvin & Olson, 1983; Hartz, Kalkhoff, Rimm, & McCall, 1986; Stuart, 1971; Stunkard, 1976).
... Příznivý vliv omezené zevní stimulace byl takto dokladován na pacientech s obsedantně-kompulzivní poruchou, a dále na pacientech, kteří trpěli fobickými reakcemi či vykazovali závislostní chování -alkohol, kouření, přejídání (Borrie, 1990;Cooper, Adams & Scott, 1988;Dyer, Barabasz & Barabasz, 1993;Suedfeld, 1980;Suedfeld, Baker-Brown, 1985;Walker, Freeman, Christensen, 1994). Nutno dodat, že v těchto výzkumech byla časová dotace omezené zevní stimulace ve formě Chamber REST 24 hodin či méně. ...
E. Lukasová je toho názoru, že existují zvláštní místa a stavy, jež umožní zřetelněji zaslechnout hlas vlastního svědomí. Místa, která filtrují vnější rušivé podněty a obracejí pozornost do našeho nitra. Takovými léčivými místy a stavy jsou meditace, relaxace, ticho a samota. Umělci i terapeuté vědí, že jsou zážitky, které okáží povzbudit mysl člověka. A právě terapeuté příležitostně, při konfliktech odnot, při nejistotě v rozhodování, ambivalenci a hledání cesty, doporučují, aby člověk šel do pustiny, houpal se na mořských vlnách nebo se díval v noci na oblohu. Samota a redukce přemíry vnějších podnětů může člověku nabídnout konfrontaci s tím, co je podstatné. Může zvýšit jeho nepohodlí, a tak poukázat na to, co je smysluplné. To vše nabízí právě technika omezené zevní stimulace. (léčebné využití terapie tmou a floatingu)
... Or the occurrence of problematic behavior in the clinical population was followed up a specified time after the REST procedure. The positive influence of REST was thus proved in patients with neurotic problems like obsessive-compulsive disorder or phobic reactions, or in patients suffering from addictive behavior -alcoholism, smoking, overeating (Borrie, 1990;Cooper, Adams & Scott, 1988;Dyer, Barabasz & Barabasz, 1993;Suedfeld, 1980;Suedfeld & Baker-Brown, 1985, 1987Walker, Freeman, & Christensen, 1994). What is surprising about these research findings, in most of those studies, the chamber REST lasted only twenty-four hours or less. ...
The aim of the study was to assess the influence of the overall context of a modified version of chamber restricted environmental stimulation (chamber REST; in a variation also known as "Darkness Therapy"-"DT") on the meaning in life, mindfulness and self-esteem. The research sample consisted of 37 clients of the Beskydy Rehabilitation Centre in Čeladná who, based on their own decision, underwent a week-long stay under chamber REST conditions, between 15th March, 2012 and 14th November, 2013. The age ranged between 25 and 84 (M = 45.86; SD = 13.16). The sample consisted of 17 women and 20 men. The youngest woman was 25 years old and the oldest one was 71 years old. The youngest man was 25 years old and the oldest man was 84 years old. The respondents were selected by purposive voluntary sampling. Considering the education, 14 subjects completed secondary-school education, 23 of them completed university education. Considering the occupation, 3 respondents were retired, the remaining 34 were employed. All subjects, who participated in the research voluntarily and at their own expense, underwent technically the same process. It was a seven-day stay in a REST environment (absolute darkness, quiet and solitude). The participants stated and confirmed by their signature that they did not show any psychopathological reactions at that time, they did not take any psychopharmaceutical drugs and did not experience any significant physical ailments (acute illness, bleeding etc.) and they entered the experimental environment voluntarily. During the week the participants/clients were daily visited by a therapist with whom they could talk about any current issues. The duration of the interviews depended on their current needs, thirty to forty-five minutes on average. A week before the DT stay, each of the subjects filled in the following diagnostic questionnaires: Existence Scale (ES), Five Facets Mindfulness Questionnaire (FFMQ) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (RSES). 60 M. Malůš, M. Kupka, D. Dostál / Psychologie a její kontexty 7 (2), 2016, 59-72 and after the stay in the researched modification of chamber REST environment (DT), we found a significant difference on all scales. Most of them remained significant even after applying the Bonferroni correction. Therefore, we concluded that the overall framework of the effect of the researched modification of chamber restricted environmental stimulation applied for a week has a positive influence on the respondents regarding the meaning in life (evaluated by ES), mindfulness (measured by FFMQ) and self-esteem (measured by RSES). No statistically significant differences were found as a function of gender or educational level.
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