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Antioxidant activities of various extracts from ardisia sp leaves using dpph and cuprac assays and correlation with total flavonoid, phenolic, carotenoid content
Abstract
The objectives of this research were to study antioxidant activity from various leaves extracts of four Ardisia sp using two methods of antioxidant testing which were DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and CUPRAC (cupric ion reducing antioxidant capacity) and correlation of total flavonoid, phenolic and carotenoid content in various leaves extracts of four Ardisia sp with IC50 of DPPH and EC50 of CUPRAC antioxidant capacities. Extraction was performed by reflux using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evaporated using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant activities using DPPH and CUPRAC assays, determination of total phenolic, flavonoid and carotenoid content were performed by UV-visible spectrophotometry and its correlation with IC50 of DPPH scavenging activities and EC50 of CUPRAC capacities were analyzed by Pearson’s method. All of sample extract was categorized as very strong antioxidant. Ethanolic leaves extract of A.crenata (CR3) had the lowest IC50 of DPPH scavenging activity with IC50 0.49 mg/ml and ethyl acetate leaves extract of A. ellipticagave the lowest EC50 of CUPRAC capacity with EC50 30.34 mg/ml. Ethyl acetate leaves extract of A. cymosa (CY2) contained the highest total flavonoid (8.24 g QE/100 g), ethanolic leaves extract of A.elliptica(EL3) showed the highest phenolic content (29.54 g GAE/100 g) and n-hexane leaves extract of A.fuliginosa (FU1) had the highest total carotenoid 13.37 g BE/100 g. There were negatively high correlation between total phenolic content in A.crenata, A.cymosa and A.fuliginosaleaves extracts with their IC50 of DPPH scavenging activities. There were negative and high correlation between total flavonoid in all of sample extract and EC50 of CUPRAC capacities. Total carotenoid content in A.elliptica, A.cymosa andA.fuliginosaleaves extracts had negative and high correlation with their CUPRAC capacities. A.crenataleaves extracts had linear result in DPPH and CUPRAC assays. © 2015, International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. All Rights Reserved.
... After that, the materials were grinded into powder. The powder obtained was stored in dry containers [5]. ...
... Extraction was done three times for each solvent. The extract obtained was stored then concentrated by a rotary evaporator [5]. ...
... This analysis used one-way ANOVA method. The statistical level was set to p<0.05 and using the post hoc Tukey procedure [5]. https://oamjms.eu/index.php/mjms/index ...
BACKGROUND: Many vegetables and fruits have been shown to be sources of antioxidant such as lemons, apples, cabbage, mangoes, beets, and guavas AIM: This research aimed to determine antioxidant activity of Cucumis sativus L. (cucumber) pulp and leaves extracts using DPPH and CUPRAC methods, total phenolic content (TPC), total flavonoid content (TFC), correlation of TPC and TFC on antioxidant activity, correlation between the two methods, identification of marker, and total marker content. METHODS: Antioxidant activity was examined by determining IC50 and AAI of DPPH and EC50 and AAI of CUPRAC. TFC and TPC was measured using UV-visible spectrophotometer. Correlation of TPC and TFC on antioxidant activity was analysed by Pearson’s method. RESULTS: AAI of DPPH of cucumber pulp and leaves extracts in the range of 0.22 - 2.18, whereas AAI of CUPRAC 0.07 - 0.95. All extracts showed antioxidant activity. Ethyl acetate cucumber pulp extract had highest antioxidant by DPPH assay, whereas n-hexane cucumber leaves extract had highest antioxidant activity by CUPRAC assay. Ethyl acetate cucumber leaves extract had highest TFC value (21.47 g QE/100 g) and TPC value (2.34 g GAE/100 g). Flavonoids in cucumber pulp extract contributed to antioxidant activity of CUPRAC method and phenolic compounds in cucumber pulp extract gave a contribution to antioxidant activity of DPPH method. Quercetin content as marker in ethanol cucumber pulp extract was 0.00114%. AAI CUPRAC and DPPH of cucumber leaves extract showed positive correlation but not significant. CONCLUSION: Antioxidant activity between CUPRAC and DPPH methods on cucumber extracts were not linear.
... They measure a drug or extract's potential in scavenging or inhibiting free radicals' production in experimental setups. Therefore, in this context, substances with low EC 50 /IC 50 values are deemed to be potent antioxidants [79]. ...
... The efficacy of the aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts of L. eriocalyx in inhibiting in vitro lipid peroxidation was appraised according to the criterion of Blois [80] and Fidrianny et al. [79], which posit that extract with IC 50 /EC 50 < 50 μg/ml are very strong antioxidants, those with IC 50 /EC 50 of 50-100 μg/ml are strong antioxidants, those with EC 50 /IC 50 values of 101-150 μg/ml are moderate antioxidants while those with EC 50 /IC 50 values of >150 μg/ml are weak antioxidants. ...
... The DPPH stable free radical yields a deep pink colour when dissolved in methanol/ethanol, producing a maximum absorbance at 515-520 nm. As an antioxidant substance scavenges the DPPH radicals in solution, the absorbance reduces as the colour turns from pink to yellow [27,79,80]. As a result, as the absorbance decreases, the antioxidant capacity increases. ...
Oxidative stress causes and drives many agonising inflammatory conditions, which cause disability, financial burden, and emotional stress. The current anti-inflammatory, analgesic, and antioxidant agents are associated with adverse effects, inaccessibility, high costs, and low efficacies, thereby warranting the need for alternatives, especially from natural sources. Lonchocarpus eriocalyx plant is traditionally used in Kenyan communities to treat various inflammatory and oxidative stress-associated diseases; however, its pharmacologic efficacy and safety have not been empirically validated, hence this study. The in vivo antiinflamatory and antinociceptive efficacy of the aqueous and methanolic stem bark extracts of L. eriocalyx were determined using the xylene-induced ear oedema, and the acetic acid-induced writhing techniques, respectively, in experimental mice. Also, in vitro antioxidant activities of the studied plant extracts were investigated using the Thiobarbituric acid test for lipid peroxidation, 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), and Ferric reducing antioxidant power standard assay methods. Moreover, the studied extracts' acute oral toxicity effects were investigated according to the Organisation for Economic Corporation and Development (OECD) guidelines. The studied plant extracts showed significant dose-dependent inhibitions of oedema and writhing, depicting their anti-inflammatory and antinociceptive efficacy. Besides, the extracts revealed significant inhibitions of in vitro lipid peroxidation in varying degrees. Notably, the extracts demonstrated very strong DPPH radical scavenging and ferric-reducing antioxidant efficacies. Furthermore, the two studied plant extracts did not elicit acute oral toxicity, with LD 50 values of >2000 mg/kg BW, hence were considered safe. The anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive, and in vitro antioxidant efficacies of these extracts were attributed to antioxidant phytocompounds with diverse pharmaco-logic effects, especially through the amelioration of oxidative stress. Further studies on the anti-inflammatory, antinociceptive and antioxidant mechanism(s) and isolation and characterisation of responsible compounds are encouraged to spur the development of affordable, accessible, safe, and efficacious drugs.
... From the obtained results, the Phytexponent was considered a potent DPPH radical scavenger. Furthermore, an appraisal criterion of Blois (67) and Fidrianny et al. (70) was used to grade the antioxidant activity of the Phytexponent. ...
... Based on this criterion, the low IC50 value of the Phytexponent obtained in this study indicates remarkable antioxidant capacity (70). The observed antioxidant effects could be due to the free radical neutralizing ability or the transfer of either a hydrogen atom or electron, which stabilize the redox equilibrium (71). ...
... The IC50 values were 0.588 % for L-ascorbic and 0.716 % for the Phytexponent (Table 4). (70). Perhaps, the antiinflammatory efficacy reported herein is due to the antioxidant activity (14) Studies have shown that the beneficial effects of plant-derived hydroxyl scavengers could be through lipid modification by reducing the unsaturation level at double bonds (71). ...
Oxidative stress is a critical etiologic factor and driver of inflammatory responses, witnessed in chronic and persistent conditions. The current anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with detrimental effects, high dependence, high costs, inaccessibility, among other drawbacks; therefore, a need for alternatives is imperative. Despite the remarkable potential of medicinal plants, there are scanty empirical studies on their pharmacologic efficacy. The Phytexponent is an alcoholic polyherbal preparation of Allium sativum , Triticum repens , Echinacea purpurea , Viola tricolor and Matricaria chamomilla . In complementary medicine, the Phytexponent is used to boost immunity, to treat inflammatory disorders, oxidative stress, blood pressure, diabetes, stress/depression, among other conditions. However, there is no sufficient scientific data to support these healing claims. Therefore, in the current study evaluated the in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities and qualitative phytochemical composition of the Phytexponent. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using the inhibition of protein denaturation and the human erythrocyte (HRBC) membrane stabilization techniques. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-picryl-1-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging-, the hydroxyl radical scavenging- and catalase activities. Qualitative phytochemical screening was performed using standard procedures. The results showed a significantly higher percentage inhibition of heat-induced- and hypotonicity induced HRBC hemolysis by the Phytexponent at concentrations of 50 % and 100 %, compared with the percentage inhibitions of etanercept (p<0.05). No significant differences in percentage inhibitions of protein denaturation were observed among concentrations of 12.5 %,25.0 %,50.0 %,100.0 % of the Phytexponent and etanercept (25 mg/ml) (p˃0.05). Furthermore, the Phytexponent demonstrated high antioxidant activities against the DPPH- (IC 50 =0.00733%) and the hydroxyl- (IC 50 = 0.716 %) radicals in vitro .The Phytexponent recorded significantly higher catalase activities at concentrations of 1 % and 0.1 % than those recorded by ascorbic acid at similar concentrations. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, among other antioxidant associated phytochemicals. The bioactivities of the Phytexponent reported herein, were attributed to the presence of these phytochemicals. Further studies to establish specific mode(s) through which the Phytexponent exerts in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects are encouraged. Moreover, in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities should be done to determine the replicability of these findings in vivo . Bioassay-guided isolation of compounds responsible for the reported bioactivities herein should be done.
... The effectiveness of the studied plant extracts in inhibiting in vitro lipid peroxidation was appraised according to the criterion of Blois 53 and Fidrianny et al, 54 which posit that samples having IC 50 /EC 50 < 50 mg/mL are deemed to be very strong antioxidants while those with 50 to 100 mg/mL are strong antioxidants. In a similar manner, samples with EC 50 /IC 50 values of 101 to 150 mg/mL are moderate antioxidants while those with EC 50 /IC 50 values of more than 150 mg/mL are weak antioxidants. ...
... Research has demonstrated that antioxidant activity of plant extracts has a positive correlation with percentage radical scavenging activity. 54,57 Therefore, an extract with high percentage radical scavenging activity ought to be a potent antioxidant in vitro and in vivo. The high percentage radical scavenging activity translates to low EC 50 /IC 50 values. ...
... 57 The results obtained in this study revealed a high percentage radical scavenging potential of the studied plant extracts in vitro as demonstrated by the low IC 50 values. According to the efficacy criterion of Blois 53 and Fidrianny et al, 54 all the studied plant extracts had IC 50 values that were, by far, lower than 50 mg/mL. This suggests that the studied plant extracts were strong scavengers of the DPPH radical in vitro and, therefore, high antioxidant efficacy as evidenced by the low IC 50 values. ...
Oxidative stress has been recognized as a key driver of many ailments affecting humankind. Free radicals attack biologically important biomolecules, impairing their functioning, thereby initiating and exacerbating diseases. As a comeback, antioxidant therapies have been proposed as novel approaches to ameliorating oxidative stress–associated diseases including chronic ones. Antioxidants are thought to employ multifaceted and multitargeted mechanisms that either restore oxidative homeostasis or prevent free radical buildup in the body, which overwhelm the endogenous defenses. Plants have been used for many ages across time to manage human diseases, and have a host of antioxidant phytocompounds. Piliostigma thonningii is traditionally used for the management of inflammation, malaria fever, rheumatism, and insanity, among other diseases caused by a disturbed redox state in the body. In this study, in vitro antioxidant activities of the methanolic and aqueous stem bark extracts of P. thonningii were evaluated using the in vitro antilipid peroxidation, the 1,1-diphenyl-2-picryhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical scavenging, and the ferric reducing antioxidant power assay methods. The obtained results revealed remarkable antioxidant activities of the studied plant extracts as evidenced by the low IC 50 and EC 50 values. These antioxidant activities could be due to the presence of antioxidant phytochemicals like flavonoids, carotenoids, tannins, and phenols, among others. Therefore, the therapeutic potency of this plant could be due to its antioxidant properties. This study recommends in vivo antioxidant efficacy testing of the studied plant extracts, as well as isolation and characterization of bioactive antioxidant compounds that are potent against oxidative stress.
... The results showed that the aqueous extracts of the different parts (leaves, stem bark, and root) of C. sieberiana and P. thonningii varied in their abilities to scavenge DPPH free radicals (Table 2). According to the classification made by Blois, the extracts with an IC50 < 50 µg/mL are very powerful antioxidants, IC%, values of 50-100 µg/mL belong to powerful antioxidants, 101-150 µg/mL denote medium antioxidants, and an IC50 > 150 µg/mL belongs to weak antioxidants [46]. Based on the IC50 value of DPPH scavenging activity, the aqueous extracts of the leaves (21.98 ± 0.19 µg/mL), bark (22.20 ± 0.35 µg/mL), and roots (31 ± 0.38 µg/mL) of C. sieberiana and the bark (13.45 ± 0.10 µg/mL) of P. thonningii are very powerful antioxidants. ...
... The strong antioxidant activities observed for the aqueous extracts of the bark and roots of C. sieberiana and P. thonningii would probably be linked to the content of phenolic compounds (total polyphenols and tannins) and vitamin C ( Table 2). Several previous studies have reported that phenolic compounds (total polyphenols and tannins) and vitamin C contribute to the antioxidant activities of plants [32,46,51]. ...
Citation: Zongo, E.; Busuioc, A.; Meda, R.N.-T.; Botezatu, A.V.; Mihaila, M.D.; Mocanu, A.-M.; Avramescu, S.M.; Koama, B.K.; Kam, S.E.; Belem, H.; et al. Exploration of the Antioxidant and Anti-inflammatory Potential of Cassia sieberiana DC and Piliostigma thonningii (Schumach.) Milne-Redh, Traditionally Used in the Treatment of Hepatitis in the Hauts-Bassins region of Burkina Faso. Pharmaceuticals 2023, 16, 133. Abstract: Inflammation is the supreme biological response to illness. In the Hauts-Bassins region, in traditional medicine, all parts of Cassia sieberiana and Piliostigma thonningii are used to treat hepatitis and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of their aqueous extracts. High performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array (HPLC-DAD) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analyses highlighted the presence of polyphe-nols and flavonoids. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were measured by various methods such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS 2,2'-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), TAC (total antioxidant capacity), anti-protease, anti-lipoxygenase, and membrane stabilization. The best antioxidant activity was observed in the bark (DPPH: IC50 = 13.45 ± 0.10µg/mL) and roots (TAC = 29.68 ± 1.48 mgAAE/g DW) of Piliostigma thonningii and in the roots (ABTS: IC50 = 1.83 ± 0.34 µg/mL) of Cassia sieberiana. The best anti-inflammatory activity was observed in the bark (anti-lipoxygenase: IC50 = 13.04 ± 1.99 µg/mL) and leaves (anti-proteases: IC50 = 75.74 ± 1.07 µg/mL, membrane stabilization: IC50 = 48.32 ± 6.39 µg/mL) of Cassia siebe-riana. Total polyphenols (ABTS: r = −0.679, TAC: r = 0.960) and condensed tannins (ABTS: r = −0.702, TAC: r = 0.701) were strongly correlated with antioxidant activity. Total flavonoids (anti-proteases: r = −0.729), condensed tannins (anti-proteases: r = 0.698), and vitamin C (anti-proteases: r = −0.953) were strongly correlated with anti-inflammatory activity. Total polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins, and vitamin C could contribute to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the two studied plants. These results could validate the traditional use of these plants to treat various inflammatory diseases.
... The results showed that the aqueous extracts of the different parts (leaves, stem bark, and root) of C. sieberiana and P. thonningii varied in their abilities to scavenge DPPH free radicals (Table 2). According to the classification made by Blois, the extracts with an IC50 < 50 µg/mL are very powerful antioxidants, IC%, values of 50-100 µg/mL belong to powerful antioxidants, 101-150 µg/mL denote medium antioxidants, and an IC50 > 150 µg/mL belongs to weak antioxidants [46]. Based on the IC50 value of DPPH scavenging activity, the aqueous extracts of the leaves (21.98 ± 0.19 µg/mL), bark (22.20 ± 0.35 µg/mL), and roots (31 ± 0.38 µg/mL) of C. sieberiana and the bark (13.45 ± 0.10 µg/mL) of P. thonningii are very powerful antioxidants. ...
... The strong antioxidant activities observed for the aqueous extracts of the bark and roots of C. sieberiana and P. thonningii would probably be linked to the content of phenolic compounds (total polyphenols and tannins) and vitamin C ( Table 2). Several previous studies have reported that phenolic compounds (total polyphenols and tannins) and vitamin C contribute to the antioxidant activities of plants [32,46,51]. ...
Inflammation is the supreme biological response to illness. In the Hauts-Bassins region, in traditional medicine, all parts of Cassia sieberiana and Piliostigma thonningii are used to treat hepatitis and inflammation. The aim of this study was to evaluate the in vitro antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of their aqueous extracts. High performance liquid chromatography with photodiode array (HPLC-DAD) and ultra-high-performance liquid chromatography coupled with high-resolution mass spectrometry (UHPLC-MS/MS) analyses highlighted the presence of polyphenols and flavonoids. Antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities were measured by various methods such as DPPH (2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl), ABTS 2,2’-azino-bis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid), TAC (total antioxidant capacity), anti-protease, anti-lipoxygenase, and membrane stabilization. The best antioxidant activity was observed in the bark (DPPH: IC50 = 13.45 ± 0.10 µg/mL) and roots (TAC = 29.68 ± 1.48 mg AAE/g DW) of Piliostigma thonningii and in the roots (ABTS: IC50 = 1.83 ± 0.34 µg/mL) of Cassia sieberiana. The best anti-inflammatory activity was observed in the bark (anti-lipoxygenase: IC50 = 13.04 ± 1.99 µg/mL) and leaves (anti-proteases: IC50 = 75.74 ± 1.07 µg/mL, membrane stabilization: IC50 = 48.32 ± 6.39 µg/mL) of Cassia sieberiana. Total polyphenols (ABTS: r = −0.679, TAC: r = 0.960) and condensed tannins (ABTS: r = −0.702, TAC: r = 0.701) were strongly correlated with antioxidant activity. Total flavonoids (anti-proteases: r = −0.729), condensed tannins (anti-proteases: r = 0.698), and vitamin C (anti-proteases: r = −0.953) were strongly correlated with anti-inflammatory activity. Total polyphenols, flavonoids, condensed tannins, and vitamin C could contribute to the antioxidant and anti-inflammatory activities of the two studied plants. These results could validate the traditional use of these plants to treat various inflammatory diseases.
... In previous studies on Medicago species Kicel & Olszewska (2015) showed that the TPC of different fractions obtained from M. lupilina were between 6.6 and 162.4 mg GAE and, while Çakmak et al. (2017) found the TPC of M. rigidula as 79.61 mg GAE. Based on the studies reported in the literature, different or same Medicago species may have different rates of phenolic substance content depending on different factors such as geographical area, climate or genetics (Baiano, Terracone, Viggiani, & Del Nobile, 2013). ...
... In a study on M. rigidula, it was found that the absorbance values vary between 0.058 to 0.733 in the same concentration range (50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/ml) (Çakmak et al., 2017). There was a correlation between TPC and CUPRAC in our study based on the statistical evaluation of obtained results, as some authors have previously stated (Fidrianny, Budiana, & Ruslan, 2015). Besides, a strong correlation was determined between TFC and CUPRAC, and it was observed that the correlation coefficient decreased when copper ions concentration increases: r = 0.997, r = 0,424, r = 0,321 and r = 0,218 correlation coefficients were obtained for 50, 100, 200 and 400 of CUPRAC concentrations, respectively. ...
ABSTRACT
Background and Aims: Most of the Medicago species are considered good quality forage crops due to their rich protein content. This study reports antioxidant properties, total phenolic and flavonoid content, enzyme (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase) inhibition activities of methanol (MeOH), ethyl acetate (EA) and, aqueous (AQ) extracts of Medicago murex (M. murex).
Methods: The antioxidant activity of the different extracts of M. murex were evaluated using FRAP and CUPRAC assays.
The contents of total phenolic and flavonoid were determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu and the Aluminium chloride (AlCl3)
colorimetric methods. Also, the enzyme inhibition activities were shown spectrophotometrically for AChE, α-amylase,
α-glucosidase and tyrosinase enzymes.
Results: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of different extracts were determined between 83.70-163.93 mg GAE/g extract and 24.48-26.05 μg QE/g extract, respectively. AQ extracts were the most active extracts in FRAP while being the best inhibitor of the AChE enzyme. On the other hand, EA extracts were the most active extracts in CUPRAC methods and the best
inhibitors for other enzymes.
Conclusion: Considering the findings, M. murex appears to be an important source of natural antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors, and it provides important baseline data for the food and pharmaceutical industries.
Keywords: M. murex, bioactive substances content, antioxidant potential, enzyme inhibition
... In previous studies on Medicago species Kicel & Olszewska (2015) showed that the TPC of different fractions obtained from M. lupilina were between 6.6 and 162.4 mg GAE and, while Çakmak et al. (2017) found the TPC of M. rigidula as 79.61 mg GAE. Based on the studies reported in the literature, different or same Medicago species may have different rates of phenolic substance content depending on different factors such as geographical area, climate or genetics (Baiano, Terracone, Viggiani, & Del Nobile, 2013). ...
... In a study on M. rigidula, it was found that the absorbance values vary between 0.058 to 0.733 in the same concentration range (50, 100, 200 and 400 μg/ml) (Çakmak et al., 2017). There was a correlation between TPC and CUPRAC in our study based on the statistical evaluation of obtained results, as some authors have previously stated (Fidrianny, Budiana, & Ruslan, 2015). Besides, a strong correlation was determined between TFC and CUPRAC, and it was observed that the correlation coefficient decreased when copper ions concentration increases: r = 0.997, r = 0,424, r = 0,321 and r = 0,218 correlation coefficients were obtained for 50, 100, 200 and 400 of CUPRAC concentrations, respectively. ...
Background and Aims: Most of the Medicago species are considered good quality forage crops due to their rich protein content. This study reports antioxidant properties, total phenolic and flavonoid content, enzyme (acetylcholinesterase (AChE), tyrosinase, α-amylase and α-glucosidase) inhibition activities of methanol (MeOH), ethyl acetate (EA) and, aqueous (AQ) extracts of Medicago murex (M. murex). Methods: The antioxidant activity of the different extracts of M. murex were evaluated using FRAP and CUPRAC assays. The contents of total phenolic and flavonoid were determined by the Folin–Ciocalteu and the Aluminium chloride (AlCl3) colorimetric methods. Also, the enzyme inhibition activities were shown spectrophotometrically for AChE, α-amylase, α-glucosidase and tyrosinase enzymes. Results: Total phenolic and flavonoid contents of different extracts were determined between 83.70-163.93 mg GAE/g extract and 24.48-26.05 μg QE/g extract, respectively. AQ extracts were the most active extracts in FRAP while being the best inhibitor of the AChE enzyme. On the other hand, EA extracts were the most active extracts in CUPRAC methods and the best inhibitors for other enzymes. Conclusion: Considering the findings, M. murex appears to be an important source of natural antioxidants and enzyme inhibitors, and it provides important baseline data for the food and pharmaceutical industries.
... From the obtained results, the Phytexponent was considered a potent DPPH radical scavenger. Furthermore, an appraisal criterion of Blois Based on this criterion, the low IC50 value of the Phytexponent obtained in this study indicates remarkable antioxidant capacity (70). The observed antioxidant effects could be due to the free radical neutralizing ability or the transfer of either a hydrogen atom or electron, which stabilize the redox equilibrium (71). ...
... ; Means with similar lowercase superscript alphabet within the same column are not significantly different (One-Way ANOVA followed by Tukey's test; p>0.05), while values with similar uppercase superscript alphabet across the same row are not significantly different at α0.05 (Unpaired student t-test; p>0.05) Based on the results, the low IC50 value depicted by the Phytexponent demonstrated the remarkable antioxidant activity as per the criterion of Fidrianny et al. (70). Perhaps, the antiinflammatory efficacy reported herein is due to the antioxidant activity (14) Studies have shown that the beneficial effects of plant-derived hydroxyl scavengers could be through lipid modification by reducing the unsaturation level at double bonds (71). ...
Oxidative stress is a critical etiologic factor and driver of inflammatory responses, witnessed in chronic and persistent conditions. The current anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with detrimental effects, high dependence, high costs, inaccessibility, among other drawbacks; therefore, a need for alternatives is imperative. Despite the remarkable potential of medicinal plants, there are scanty empirical studies on their pharmacologic efficacy. The Phytexponent is an alcoholic polyherbal preparation of Allium sativum, Triticum repens, Echinacea purpurea, Viola tricolor and Matricaria chamomilla. In complementary medicine, the Phytexponent is used to boost immunity, to treat inflammatory disorders, oxidative stress, blood pressure, diabetes, stress/depression, among other conditions. However, there is no sufficient scientific data to support these healing claims. Therefore, in the current study evaluated the in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities and qualitative phytochemical composition of the Phytexponent. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using the inhibition of protein denaturation and the human erythrocyte (HRBC) membrane stabilization techniques. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-picryl-1-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging-, the hydroxyl radical scavenging-and catalase activities. Qualitative phytochemical screening was performed using standard procedures. The results showed a significantly higher percentage inhibition of heat-induced-and hypotonicity induced HRBC hemolysis by the Phytexponent at concentrations of 50 % and 100 %, compared with the percentage inhibitions of etanercept (p<0.05). No significant differences in percentage inhibitions of protein denaturation were observed among concentrations of 12.5 %,25.0 %,50.0 %,100.0 % of the Phytexponent and etanercept (25 mg/ml) (p˃0.05). Furthermore, the Phytexponent demonstrated high antioxidant activities against the DPPH-(IC50=0.00733%) and the hydroxyl-(IC50 = 0.716 %) radicals in vitro.The Phytexponent recorded significantly higher catalase activities at concentrations of 1 % and 0.1 % than those recorded by ascorbic acid at similar concentrations. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, among other antioxidant associated phytochemicals. The bioactivities of the Phytexponent reported herein, were attributed to the presence of these phytochemicals. Further studies to establish specific mode(s) through which the Phytexponent exerts in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects are encouraged. Moreover, in vivo anti-inflammatory and antioxidant activities should be done to determine the replicability of these findings in vivo. Bioassay-guided isolation of compounds responsible for the reported bioactivities herein should be done.
... Thus, the smaller the IC50 value, the better the anti-collagenase activity. Findrianny et al. [32] showed that IC50 values (<50) indicate very strong, (50-100) indicate strong, (101-150) indicate moderate, and (>150) indicate weak activity. Natural antioxidant compounds such as terpenoids and flavonoids have a synergistic effect in inhibiting the collagenase enzyme, which can cause wrinkles on the skin [33]. ...
Fucus vesiculosus is an alga with high fucoxanthin, phlorotannin, fucoidan, sterol, and astaxanthin. The silver nanoparticles of F. vesiculosus (AgNPs-Fv) are expected to have high antioxidant, anti-collagenase, and antibacterial activities. The aim of this study was to characterize the distribution and size of AgNPs-Fv and determine their antioxidant, anti-collagenase, and antibacterial activities. The distribution and size of AgNPs-Fv were measured using particle size analyzer (PSA) analysis. The nanoparticle compound and their functional groups were characterized using a scanning electron microscope (SEM) and Fourier-transform infrared spectroscopy (FTIR), respectively. The antioxidant activity of AgNPs-Fv was determined using a 1.1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) assay, while the anti-collagenase activity was examined using the spectrophotometric method. The antibacterial activity was assessed using an inhibition zone test, minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC), and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC). Results indicated that the AgNPs-Fv had a dominant volume of about 86.3% with a diameter of 113.3 nm. SEM analysis revealed the spherical AgNPs with sizes between 27 and 54 nm. The FTIR analysis of the AgNPs-Fv absorption band at 1,046 cm-1 demonstrated the bond between the Ag metal and the O-H hydroxyl group. The antioxidant activity of AgNPs-Fv was higher than F. vesiculosus extract (24.23±3.55 mg/L vs 47.45±3.16 mg/L). AgNPs-Fv also had a higher anti-collagenase activity compared to F. vesiculosus extract (66.74±6.352 mg/L vs 145.1±6.326 mg/L). The inhibition zone diameter of AgNPs-Fv was greater than F. vesiculosus extract. The MIC and MBC of AgNPs-Fv were 18.75 and 18.75 ppm, while F. vesiculosus extract was 37.5 and 75 ppm, respectively. These results suggested that AgNPs of F. vesiculosus had higher antioxidant, anti-collagenase, and antibacterial activities than F. vesiculosus extract alone.
... Therefore, the antioxidant potential of the ethyl acetate stem bark extract of B. coriacea was investigated to appraise its potential in averting OS and associated complications, especially cancer of the prostate. The DPPH assay technique is reputed for its accuracy and reproducibility in measuring the ability of a compound to scavenge DPPH radicals, leading to a colour change from purple/violet to yellow, depending on the concentration of the antioxidant, and a reduction in absorbance measured at 517 nm [25]. The results showed that the ethyl acetate stem bark extract of B. coriacea exhibited significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, with a concentrationdependent increase in efficacy. ...
Background
The antioxidant and anticancer potential of natural compounds, particularly from medicinal plants, is increasingly being explored as alternatives to synthetic antioxidants and chemotherapeutics. Boascia coriacea (Pax) has been traditionally used for treating various ailments, including oxidative stress-related diseases and prostate cancer. However, there is a paucity of empirical evidence to validate the ethnomedicinal claims, hence this study.
Methods
The antioxidant capacity of the extract was assessed using 1,1-Diphenyl-2-picryl Hydrazyl radical (DPPH) radical scavenging and hydrogen peroxide scavenging assays, alongside total antioxidant capacity. In vitro cytotoxicity was determined using the 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay on Vero CCL-81 normal cells and DU-145 prostate cancer cells. Gene expression levels of ar, bcl-2, caspase 3, cdk1, and p53 were quantified using qPCR to elucidate the mechanisms of action. Phytochemical analysis was conducted using gas chromatography-mass spectrometry.
Results
The studied plant extract exhibited significant DPPH radical scavenging activity, with an EC50 of 0.008 μg/ml, 10-fold lower than that of L-ascorbic acid (0.08 μg/ml), indicating potent antioxidant capacity. Similarly, the extract demonstrated substantial hydrogen peroxide scavenging activity, albeit with lower efficacy (EC50 of 1039.10 μg/ml) compared to L-ascorbic acid, and a total antioxidant capacity of 454.39±25.26 μg AAE/mg dw. In vitro cytotoxicity assay revealed a CC50 of 68.61 μg/ml against Vero CCL-81 cells and an IC50 of 32.16 μg/ml against DU-145 cells, with a superior selectivity index of 2.13, compared to doxorubicin’s 1.46. The extract significantly downregulated the expression of ar, bcl-2, normalised caspase 3, cdk1 genes while upregulating p53 in DU-145 cells, suggesting its role in inducing apoptosis and inhibiting cancer cell proliferation. Phytochemical analysis identified 19 compounds, including lup-20(29)-en-3-one (7.99%) and lupeol (59.49%), which are associated with anticancer activity.
Conclusion
The ethyl acetate stem bark extract of B. coriacea demonstrates significant antioxidant and anticancer activities, potentially through modulation of apoptosis and cell cycle pathways. The presence of bioactive compounds supports its potential as a therapeutic agent, warranting further investigation for developing novel treatments for prostate cancer and oxidative stress-related conditions.
... A. silvestris belongs to the genus Ardisia and has been recently indicated for having potential against diseases related to the stomach [1][2][3]. The plants in this genus possess distinct compounds, having multiple therapeutic properties such as anticancer, antioxidant, and anti-inflammatory [4][5][6][7][8][9]. Due to its high medicinal importance, products from A. Silvestris have been increasingly used. ...
Ardisia species are highly-prized for their medicinal value. Due to their habitat loss and exploitation for medicinal purposes, many species in this genus have become threatened. One of the most important medicinal species in the Ardisia genus is A. silvestris Pitard. The current study evaluated the roles of TDZ combination with different auxins (NAA and IAA) and their concentrations in the accumulation of phenolic and flavonoid content of A. silvestris callus. In research study, the maximum phenolic content was observed in the medium with 1 mg.L-1TDZ supplemented with 0.2 mg.L-1 NAA. Meanwhile, a medium containing 1.0 mg.L-1 TDZ and 0.2 mg.L-1 IAA showed the greatest level of flavonoid content.
... These in-vitro DPPH radical scavenging potential of Betulin revealed remarkable antioxidant potential. Previous studies reported the antioxidant activity of plant extracts has a positive correlation with percentage radical scavenging activity 25 . Therefore, an extract with high percentage radical scavenging activity ought to be a potent antioxidant in vitro and in vivo. ...
Medicinal plants are in use of humankind since ancient and still they are playing an important role in effective and safer natural drug delivery systems. Acacia nilotica (native of Egypt) commonly known as babul belongs to family Fabaceae, widely spread in India, Sri Lanka and Sudan. Being a common and important plant, using in many ways from fodder (shoots and leaves to animals) to dyeing (leather coloration) to medicine (root, bark, leaves, flower, gum, pods). The present study is focused on investigating the natural chemistry and important biological activities of the plant. Employing bioassay guided fractionation coupled with TLC and column chromatography, a pure fraction named AN-10 was isolated from ethyl acetate fraction of crude methanol extract which identified as “Betulin (Lupan-3ß,28-diol)” by Liebermann-Burchard test and structure elucidation by UV–Vis, NMR and MS techniques. A battery of in vitro biological assays for antioxidant, anti-inflammatory and anticancer were performed and betulin showed excellent potential in all assays. It was found that the inhibitory potential in all assays were dose dependent manner and after a range of concentration, the activities get leveled off with no further increase in activity.
... It can be stated that a sample has an antioxidant capacity in a CUPRAC assay if the corresponding sample has a lower reduction potential than the reduction potential of Cu (II)/Cu (I) which was 0.46V. When this happens, the sample can reduce Cu (II) to Cu (I) and the sample will be oxidized [16]. The CUPRAC method was applied as two interrelated procedures, there are normal (N) and incubated (I). ...
Pear peels more often than not are considered nonbeneficial, therefore they generally end up discarded aside from being consumed along with the fruit. In this research, the antioxidant capacity of the peel of two most popular pears consumed in Indonesia, namely European Pear (EP) and Asian Pear (AP) is being identified and measured. For the results of DPPH antioxidant activity method, Asian pear peel extract dissolved in ethanol (IC 50 50.72) has the highest antioxidant contents than European pear peel extracted in methanol 80% (67.95). For the results of CUPRAC antioxidant activity method, European pear extract dissolved in methanol 80% showed higher antioxidant activity with the value of 2.51 and even the highest activity in an incubated condition with the value of 1.54. From the measurements, it can be understood that the peel extract of Asian pears has a higher antioxidant capacity when dissolved at a normal temperature. However, in an incubated temperature extraction environment, peel extract of European pears shows the highest antioxidant capacity, with the existence of slow-reacting antioxidants in the peel of European Pears, could be the potential cause. From this research, it can be concluded that pear peels are a source of beneficial antioxidants, and the method of extraction of antioxidants from pear peel would determine the extractable useful antioxidants: In the case of European Pear peel, an incubation temperature measurement is more desired.
... Research has indicated that higher the percentage of DPPH radical scavenging activity correlates to higher antioxidant activity [67][68][69]. From the obtained results, the Phytexponent was considered a potent DPPH radical scavenger. Furthermore, an appraisal criterion of Blois [67] and Fidrianny et al. [70] was used to grade the antioxidant activity of the Phytexponent. ...
Oxidative stress is a critical etiologic factor and driver of inflammatory responses, witnessed in chronic and persistent conditions. The current anti-oxidative stress and anti-inflammatory drugs are associated with detrimental effects, high dependence, high costs, inaccessibility, among other drawbacks; therefore, a need for alternatives is imperative. Despite the remarkable potential of medicinal plants, there are scanty empirical studies on their pharmacologic efficacy. The Phytexponent is an alcoholic polyherbal preparation of Allium sativum, Triticum repens, Echinacea purpurea, Viola tricolor and Matricaria chamomilla. In complementary medicine, the Phytexponent is used to boost immunity, to treat inflammatory disorders, oxidative stress, blood pressure, diabetes, stress/depression, among other conditions. However, there is no sufficient scientific data to support these healing claims. Therefore, the current study evaluated the in vitro anti-inflammatory, antioxidant activities and qualitative phytochemical composition of the Phytexponent. The in vitro anti-inflammatory activities were evaluated using the inhibition of protein denaturation and the human erythrocyte (HRBC) membrane stabilization techniques. Antioxidant activities were evaluated by the 1,1-diphenyl-picryl-1-hydrazyl (DPPH) radical scavenging-, the hydroxyl radical scavenging- and catalase activities. Qualitative phytochemical screening was performed using standard procedures. The results showed a significantly higher percentage inhibition of heat-induced- and hypotonicity induced HRBC hemolysis by the Phytexponent at concentrations of 50% and 100%, compared with the percentage inhibitions of etanercept (p<0.05). No significant differences in percentage inhibitions of protein denaturation were observed among concentrations of 12.5%,25.0%,50.0 %,100.0% of the Phytexponent and etanercept (25 mg/ml) (p˃0.05). Furthermore, the Phytexponent demonstrated high antioxidant activities against the DPPH- (IC50=0.00733%) and the hydroxyl- (IC50=0.716 %) radicals in vitro.The Phytexponent recorded significantly higher catalase activities at concentrations of 1% and 0.1% than those recorded by ascorbic acid at similar concentrations. Qualitative phytochemical screening revealed the presence of phenols, flavonoids, tannins, among other antioxidant associated phytochemicals. The bioactivities of the Phytexponent reported herein, were attributed to the presence of these phytochemicals. Further studies to establish specific mode(s) through which the Phytexponent exerts in vitro anti-inflammatory and antioxidant effects are encouraged. Moreover, in vivo antiinflammatory and antioxidant activities should be done to determine the replicability of these findings in vivo. Bioassay-guided isolation of compounds responsible for the reported bioactivities herein should be done.
Endophytic bacteria were isolated from the stem of Cissus quadrangularis on Nutrient agar medium. The bacterial isolates were cultured in Nutrient broth. Ethyl acetate extracts of endophytic bacteria were evaluated for the presence of bioactive compounds and total phenolic content. The phytochemical screening of extracellular ethyl acetate extracts showed the presence of phenols. The total phenol content in the extracellular extract of a bacterium labeled as CqB9 was found to be 7.05 ± 0.13 mg/g. The extracellular crude extract of CqB9 displayed considerable antibacterial activities against Staphylococcus aureus, Bacillus subtilis, Escherichia coli, and Klebsiella pneumoniae. GC-MS analysis of CqB9 extract revealed several peaks indicating the presence of different secondary metabolites having bioactive potential. The extract of CqB9 was found to possess antioxidant activity with an IC 50 value of 157.5 ± 0.4 µg. The cytotoxic activity using MTT assay showed that the crude extract inhibited the proliferation of the MCF-7 cell line in a dose-dependent manner. CqB9 was found to be similar to Achromobacter anxifer by 16S rRNA sequencing. The bioactive components such as phenols and those predicted by GC-MS may contribute to the bioactivities of the isolate. The results reveal that the endophytic bacterium isolated from Cissus quadrangularis has the potential to produce bioactive compounds. The endophytic bacteria and the metabolites produced by them need to be explored further for potential source and novel natural bioactive compounds.
The needs of antioxidants are increasing to prevent the effects of free radicals. Natural antioxidants can be developed from medicinal plants, one of them is Pelawan Plant. This study aims to determine antioxidant activity, total flavonoids, total phenolics, and total carotenoids of Pelawan plant extracts. The extraction was carried out by reflux method using various solvent polarity such as n-hexane, ethyl acetate, and ethanol. Antioxidant activity was qualitatively analyzed using thin layer chromatography and visible UV-ray spectrophotometry with DPPH free radical scavenging and CUPRAC methods. Determination of total flavonoids, total phenolics and total carotenoids was carried out using UV-Visible spectrophotometry. The results of antioxidant activity test by using a DPPH showed that ethanol extract of leaves of Pelawan plant had the strongest activity with IC50 values of 17.68 µg/mL. The results of antioxidant activity test by CUPRAC method showed that ethanol extract of leaves of Pelawan plant had the lowest capacity with EC50 value of 14.74 µg / mL. The highest total flavonoid content was found in ethyl acetate extract of stems of Pelawan plant (4.8237 mg QE/100 mg), the highest total phenolic content was in ethanol extract of leaves of Pelawan plant (13.3625 mg GAE/100 mg) and the highest total carotenoid content was in n-hexane extract of leaves of (8.3297 mg BE/100 mg). In conclusion that the ethanol extract of leaves of Pelawan plant had very strong antioxidant activity.
p align="center"> Abstrak
Tumbuhan adalah salah satu penghasil bahan berkhasiat obat salah satunya sebagai antioksidan. Senyawa pada tumbuhan yang bisa berfungsi sebagai antioksidan adalah flavonoid, fenol, dan karotenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan aktivitas antioksidan dan kadar flavonoid, fenol dan karotenoid total pada ekstrak daun Artemisia vulgaris L. , Artemisia annua L. dan Artemisia dracunculus L. Ekstraksi terhadap masing-masing bahan dilakukan secara bertingkat menggunakan alat refluks, pemantauan kandungan senyawa dengan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan DPPH, penetapan kadar flavonoid total menggunakan metode Ordon, penetapan kadar fenol total menggunakan reagen Folin-Ciocalteu dan penetapan kadar karotenoid total menggunakan pelarut n -heksana. Hasil menunjukkan ekstrak etanol daun Artemsia darcunculus L. paling tinggi dalam menghambat radikal bebas dengan nilai IC50 terkecil (32,10±0,10µg/mL), Ekstrak etanol daun Artemisia vulgaris L. (77,19±0,13µg/mL) dan Ekstrak etanol daun Artemisia annua L. (99,46±0,16 µg/mL). Kadar total flavonoid, fenolat dan karotenoid tertinggi pada ekstrak etil asetat daun Artemisia vulgaris L. berturut-turut 12,83 mg QE/100 mg ekstrak, 68,72 mg GAE/100 mg ekstrak dan 10,01 mg BE/100 mg ekstrak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa e kstrak etanol daun Artemisia darcunculus L. memiliki aktivitas antioksidan paling kuat dan ekstrak etanol daun Artemisia vulgaris L. memiliki kadar flavonoid total, fenolat total dan karotenoid total tertinggi.
Kata Kunci: Artemisia sp , antioksidan, flavonoid, fenol, karotenoid.
Antioxidant Activities of Leaves Extract Three Genus Artemisia sp Using DPPH Method and Total Content of Flavonoid, Fenol And Carotenoid
Abstract
P lant is the natural product medicine such as antioxidant. Natural compounds as antioxidants are flavonoids, phenols, and carotenoids. T his research was conducted to determine the antioxidant activities and the levels of total flavonoids, phenols and carotenoids content in Artemisia vulgaris L., Artemisia annua L. and Artemisia dracunculus L. extract. Each sample was extracted gradual reflux method , monitoring of extracts compounds with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), antioxidant activities were test using DPPH, determination of total flavonoids content with Ordon method, total phenol content with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and total carotenoids using n -hexane. Ethanol extract of Leaves Artemisia dracunculus L. was highest in inhibiting free radicals with the smallest IC50 value (32.10±0.10μg / mL), ethanol extract of leaves Artemisia vulgaris L. (77.19 ± 0.13μg / mL) and ethanol extract of leaves Artemisia annua L. (99.46±0.16 μg / mL). The highest total content of flavonoid, phenolate and carotenoid in ethyl acetate extract of leaves Artemisia vulgaris L. were 12.83 mg QE / 100 mg extract, 68.72 mg GAE / 100 mg extract and 10.01 mg BE / 100 mg extract. Ethanol extract of Leaves Artemisia darcunculus L. has the strongest antioxidant activity, ethanolic extract of leaves Artemisia vulgaris L. has highest total flavonoid content, total phenolate and total carotenoid.
Keyword s : Artemisia sp , antioxidant, flavonoid, phenol ic , carotenoid </p
p align="center"> Abstrak
Tumbuhan adalah salah satu penghasil bahan berkhasiat obat salah satunya sebagai antioksidan. Senyawa pada tumbuhan yang bisa berfungsi sebagai antioksidan adalah flavonoid, fenol, dan karotenoid. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menetapkan aktivitas antioksidan dan kadar flavonoid, fenol dan karotenoid total pada ekstrak daun Artemisia vulgaris L. , Artemisia annua L. dan Artemisia dracunculus L. Ekstraksi terhadap masing-masing bahan dilakukan secara bertingkat menggunakan alat refluks, pemantauan kandungan senyawa dengan Kromatografi Lapis Tipis (KLT), pengujian aktivitas antioksidan menggunakan DPPH, penetapan kadar flavonoid total menggunakan metode Ordon, penetapan kadar fenol total menggunakan reagen Folin-Ciocalteu dan penetapan kadar karotenoid total menggunakan pelarut n -heksana. Hasil menunjukkan ekstrak etanol daun Artemsia darcunculus L. paling tinggi dalam menghambat radikal bebas dengan nilai IC50 terkecil (32,10±0,10µg/mL), Ekstrak etanol daun Artemisia vulgaris L. (77,19±0,13µg/mL) dan Ekstrak etanol daun Artemisia annua L. (99,46±0,16 µg/mL). Kadar total flavonoid, fenolat dan karotenoid tertinggi pada ekstrak etil asetat daun Artemisia vulgaris L. berturut-turut 12,83 mg QE/100 mg ekstrak, 68,72 mg GAE/100 mg ekstrak dan 10,01 mg BE/100 mg ekstrak. Dapat disimpulkan bahwa e kstrak etanol daun Artemisia darcunculus L. memiliki aktivitas antioksidan paling kuat dan ekstrak etanol daun Artemisia vulgaris L. memiliki kadar flavonoid total, fenolat total dan karotenoid total tertinggi.
Kata Kunci: Artemisia sp , antioksidan, flavonoid, fenol, karotenoid.
Antioxidant Activities of Leaves Extract Three Genus Artemisia sp Using DPPH Method and Total Content of Flavonoid, Fenol And Carotenoid
Abstract
P lant is the natural product medicine such as antioxidant. Natural compounds as antioxidants are flavonoids, phenols, and carotenoids. T his research was conducted to determine the antioxidant activities and the levels of total flavonoids, phenols and carotenoids content in Artemisia vulgaris L., Artemisia annua L. and Artemisia dracunculus L. extract. Each sample was extracted gradual reflux method , monitoring of extracts compounds with Thin Layer Chromatography (TLC), antioxidant activities were test using DPPH, determination of total flavonoids content with Ordon method, total phenol content with Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and total carotenoids using n -hexane. Ethanol extract of Leaves Artemisia dracunculus L. was highest in inhibiting free radicals with the smallest IC50 value (32.10±0.10μg / mL), ethanol extract of leaves Artemisia vulgaris L. (77.19 ± 0.13μg / mL) and ethanol extract of leaves Artemisia annua L. (99.46±0.16 μg / mL). The highest total content of flavonoid, phenolate and carotenoid in ethyl acetate extract of leaves Artemisia vulgaris L. were 12.83 mg QE / 100 mg extract, 68.72 mg GAE / 100 mg extract and 10.01 mg BE / 100 mg extract. Ethanol extract of Leaves Artemisia darcunculus L. has the strongest antioxidant activity, ethanolic extract of leaves Artemisia vulgaris L. has highest total flavonoid content, total phenolate and total carotenoid.
Keyword s : Artemisia sp , antioxidant, flavonoid, phenol ic , carotenoid </p
The leaf and fruit crude extracts of hexane, chloroform, methanol and water of Ardisia crispa were screened for their antioxidant activity using DPPH radical scavenging, ferric reducing power, and metal chelating antioxidant assay. The methanol crude extract of fruits showed higher antioxidant activity (90.16 ± 0.01%) than the methanol crude extract of leaves (82.24 ± 0.02%) in the DPPH radical scavenging assay. In the ferric reducing power assay methanol fruit extract showed the highest absorbance indicating high antioxidant activities than leaf extract. In the metal chelating antioxidant assay fruit methanol extract gave 40% antioxidant activities than the leaf. Thin Layer Chromatography of the fruit methanol crude extract showed that it contained phenolic compounds when it was detected with folin reagent. HPLC analysis revealed that the fruit methanol extract contained gallic acid. This indicated that the high antioxidant activities of the fruits were due to the presence of gallic acid in the fruits of Ardisia crispa.
Background and objective: Ardisia humilis Vahl. (Family-Myrsinaceae) has been traditionally used by the folklore medicinal practitioners of Bangladesh to treat cancer, heart diseases and liver poisoning where cytotoxic, thrombolytic and antioxidant medications are implicated. Besides, some other species of Ardisia were reported to have incriminated properties and chemical constituents. In this study, the crude methanolic extract of the A. humilis was evaluated for its possible cytotoxic, thrombolytic and antioxidant activities in different methods to justify some of its folklore use.
Methods: Cytotoxic property of the extract was determined against brine shrimp nauplii. The thrombolytic activity was evaluated using the standard streptokinase. The antioxidant activity was measured using free radical scavenging activity with 2-2-diphenyl, 1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) method.
Results: The extract showed significant cytotoxic effect in brine shrimp lethality bioassay where it showed the value of LC50 and LC90 2.26 µg/ml and 7.13 µg/ml after 24 hours respectively. The standard cytotoxic drug vincristine sulphate showed LC50 and LC90 of 0.81µg/ml and 6.33µg/ml after 24 hour respectively. The study gave a significant indication of the use of the plant extract as a potential source for cytotoxic compounds. The extract showed moderate thrombolytic activity of 33.33% clot lysis where the standard streptokinase showed that of 84%. In DPPH free radical scavenging test, IC50 value for the methanolic crude extract was found fairly significant (4.305 µg/ml) while compared to the IC50 value of the reference standards ascorbic acid (2.8 μg/ml).
Conclusions: The obtained results tend to suggest the probable cytotoxic, thrombolytic and antioxidant activities of the methanolic extract of A. humilis justify its use in folkloric remedies and those activities of other species of Ardisia.
The objectives of this research were to study antioxidant activities from various extracts of rambutan peels using two methods of antioxidant assays which were DPPH (2-2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl) and FRAP (Ferric Reducing Antioxidant Power); and correlation of total flavonoid, phenolic, and carotenoid content in various extracts of rambutan peels with DPPH antioxidant activities and FRAP capacities. Extraction was performed by reflux apparatus using different polarity solvents. The extracts were evaporated using rotary evaporator. Antioxidant capacities were tested using DPPH and FRAP assays. Determination of total flavonoid, phenolic, and carotenoid content was performed by spectrophotometer UV-visible and their correlation with DPPH antioxidant activities and FRAP capacities were analyzed by Pearson’s method. Ethyl acetate extract of lebak bulus rambutan peels (LB2) had the highest DPPH scavenging activity with IC50 3.5 µg/mL, while ethyl acetate extract of binjai rambutan peels (BJ2) had the highest FRAP capacity with EC50 77.1 µg/mL. N-hexane extract of binjai rambutan peels (BJ1) had the highest total flavonoid (3.46 g QE/100 g), ethyl acetate extract of lebak bulus rambutan peels (LB2) had the highest phenolic content (40.9 g GAE/100 g), and nhexane extract of rapiah rambutan peels (RP1) had the highest carotenoid content (0.61 g BE/100 g). There was a positively high correlation between total phenolic content with their antioxidant activity using DPPH and FRAP assays. The DPPH scavenging activities in various peel extracts from four varieties rambutan gave linear result with FRAP capacities. © 2015, International Journal of Pharmacognosy and Phytochemical Research. All rights reserved.