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A Contemporary View of Joseph A. Schumpeter’s Theory of the Entrepreneur
... Entrepreneurs have been recognised in the late 20 th century as conductors of economic growth and it is their creativity that is now needed more than ever. The opportunities discovered by entrepreneurs, and the disruptive innovations they bring 2 to the market is what creates economic growth (Bruce, 2005, Acs, 2006. Ireland's economic growth and job creation strategy through foreign direct investment and multinationals, has often been attributed in large part to a low corporate tax rate of 12.5% in place since 1997. ...
... Opportunities discovered and exploited by entrepreneurs and the disruptive innovations they bring to the market is what creates economic growth and activity (Bruce, 2005, Acs, 2006. Developing entrepreneurial activity is an economic opportunity that increases competitiveness (Audretsch David and Peña-Legazkue, 2012 ...
The last one hundred years has seen great changes in Ireland’s culture and its economy from its accession to the European Economic Community (EEC) in 1973 to the rise and fall of the Celtic tiger in 2008. While entrepreneurship is widely celebrated, steady employment is the preferred route for many third level graduates. Where a participation in education to tertiary level is above the OECD average, Ireland performs below the OECD average in terms of graduate entrepreneurship.
The aim of this research is to identify if factors of influence behind this statistic are cultural or economic. The significance of this research is its perspective on entrepreneurship as a social behaviour rather than a rational economic unit. The objective is to design a user-centred support system to enable choice to the missing graduate entrepreneurs.
The application of a pragmatic research paradigm with a mixed method approach frames problems within a wide social context and delivers a set of five recommendations. Field research is based on the Design Council’s double diamond process developed in 2005 which consists of four phases: Discover, Define, Develop and Deliver. In the context of this research project, the last phase of Delivery is a validation phase. Exploratory research and a case study inform the discovery phase. This is followed by a survey and interviews to define the problem. Insights, themes, concepts are then developed through a focus group. The field research culminates with a survey taken by almost 300 students to validate insights and findings
This research finds a circle of influence that includes policy, culture, and education. Perceptions, social norms, and unconscious bias affect a decision-making process that either punishes or reinforces a behaviour of entrepreneurship. Slow and bureaucratic systems can influence the behaviours of those who act causing them to revert to financial support of family rather than state supports to start their enterprise. For others, this bureaucracy can create a perception of favouritism and status. The research found that there was an unconscious bias identity associated with
entrepreneurship causing others to fear social punishment or self-exclusion from the behaviour.
This research proposes changes to included entrepreneurship as part of identity construction in education, visible support systems in the student environment and practical funding solutions.
... The field of entrepreneurship research is full of studies about the entrepreneur as the most important player in new venture creation. The contemporary view is that entrepreneurs are driven by motivational forces outside the strict orientation of market capitalism (McDaniel 2005). Entrepreneurs are not the risk bearers (Schumpeter, 1934); their function is to innovate (Acs. ...
... ). Entrepreneurs are driven by pecuniary profits (payment for efforts) and not capitalistic profit motivation (McDaniel 2005). Risk bearing is the function of the capitalist who lends his money to the entrepreneur (Schumpeter, 1934; Acs. ...
... Schumpeter asserted that entrepreneurship is a process of "creative destruction" through which existing products or methods of production are destroyed and replaced with new ones (1934). McDaniel (2005) provided a contemporary view of Schumpeter's theory of the entrepreneur, noting that Schumpeter described the entrepreneur as an innovator who creates innovation. Schumpeter also regarded innovation as the commercialization of an invention. ...
... In fact, Schumpeter stressed the importance of the entrepreneur as a person who carries out new combinations, and who leads the means of production into new channels, possibly reaping an entrepreneurial profit (McDaniel, 2005). Nelson and Winter (1982) explained that the concept of innovation from Schumpeter's perspective is a broad framework, covering all innovative ideas and market practices. ...
... From a historical perspective, Schumpeter made the very early definition of innovation in 1936 in the context of economic development and a new combination of productive resources. Schumpeter defined "innovation as the commercial or industrial application of something new -a new product, process or method of production: a new market or source of supply, a new form of commercial business or financial organization" (McDaniel, 2005). The European Commission (EC) in 1995 defined innovation as the renewal and enlargement of products and services and the associated markets, the establishment of new production methods, supply and distribution, the introduction of changes in management, work organization, and the working conditions and skills of the workforce (European Commission, 2014). ...
The 21st-century economy thrives on rapid innovation, yet Pakistani universities lag in fostering an innovative ecosystem amid technological advancements. This study investigates the contribution of Higher Education Institutions (HEIs) to innovation creation and diffusion in Pakistan from the industry's perspective, an area previously unexplored. Primary data was collected through in-depth face-to-face interviews of directors, CEOs, and entrepreneurs from export-driven industries in Lahore, Sialkot, and Faisalabad. Thematic analysis was employed using NVivo 14 software. Findings reveal that most research conducted by Pakistani universities is primarily theoretical, outdated, and disconnected from current industrial needs. A lack of university-industry collaboration and the absence of effective public sector intermediaries further hinder technology transfer. This gap between academic research and industrial application stifles innovation diffusion. The study underscored that Pakistani universities are not effectively contributing to the creation and diffusion of innovation necessary for economic advancement. To bridge this gap, Universities should involve industrial representatives in their boards of studies and coordinate policy interventions from government organizations and universities to foster demand-driven research addressing specific industrial needs. Such collaborative efforts will enhance trust, spur innovation, and benefit HEIs, the Higher Education Commission (HEC), the Pakistan Science Foundation (PSF), and policymakers as they work to improve academia's impact on Pakistan's innovation landscape.
... The entrepreneur's crucial significance to the dynamics of the capitalist system flows from the fact that it is the entrepreneur's innovations that disrupt the economy and move it forward from one equilibrium to the other. Rather than adapting to external pressures, the entrepreneur destroys the static equilibrium from within the system by inventing new products, processes or behaviors that contrast the routine systems and activities (McDaniel, 2005;Drejer, 2004). ...
The theories of entrepreneurship are a psychological approach, necessary to understand entrepreneurship. It argues that any theory of entrepreneurship should use active actions as a starting point-entrepreneurship is the epitome of an active agent in the market (rather than a reactive agent). Entrepreneurship theories and research remain important to the development of the entrepreneurship field. This paper examines the following entrepreneurship theories. (1) Schumpeter theory on innovations (2) Psychological entrepreneurship theory (3) Sociological entrepreneurship theory, (4) Opportunity-Based entrepreneurship theory, (5) Resource-Based entrepreneurship theory, (6) the discovery theory of entrepreneurship and (7) the creative theory of entrepreneurship. These theories offer us a fairly good opportunity to refocus our efforts at integrating the diverse viewpoints.
... In a globalized world where economy, society and environment encompass changing the economic sphere including technical revolution, entrepreneurship is striking issue for advancing special group of attention (McDaniel, 2005). Entrepreneurship is the process of creating new venture with effort, risk of business and encouraging modernization and creativeness (World Bank, 2007;Hisrich, 2005). ...
This study is an attempt to find the role played by institutional credit for entrepreneurial growth in Bangladesh. Study is forwarded with 261 actual entrepreneurs selected on purposive convenience simple sampling method. Collected data is analyzed using SPSS 18 and the result is depicted through descriptive tools and Pearson correlations. The study found positive impact of institutional credit support to entrepreneurship development. The study covers actual data from entrepreneurs and analyzed data irrespective of gender and difference of geographical diversity. Amount of credit or portion of credit in total capital have influence on the profitability and the study suggest a ceiling on using credit for entrepreneurial profit. Still fostering of entrepreneurial development may further be triggered by monitoring of credit activities by financial institutions. This study infers some useful insights for potential entrepreneurs, management of credit institutions and policy maker including future researchers. The study is concluded suggesting efficient monitoring of credit activities by financial institutions that can be ensured by concerned authority.
... The entrepreneur's crucial significance to the dynamics of the capitalist system flows from the fact that it is the entrepreneur's innovations that disrupt the economy and move it forward from one equilibrium to the other. Rather than adapting to external pressures, the entrepreneur destroys the static equilibrium from within the system by inventing new products, processes or behaviors that contrast the routine systems and activities (Andersen, 2004;McDaniel, 2005). The Schumpeterian Theory emphasizes on intellectual capital and innovations hence it guides the study on product development and diversification variables. ...
... Joseph Schumpeter is one of the pioneer researchers in this area, and his work on innovation and its impact on economic growth are highly cited by researchers (Sweezy, 1943). Though Schumpeter was mainly an economist, he was interested in the role of an entrepreneur in economic growth and considered an entrepreneur as an innovator (McDaniel, 2005). Schumpeter also considered entrepreneurship and innovation as the driving force for the growth of an organization (Hagedoorn, 1996). ...
Various aspects of innovation management have been discussed in literature over the past few decades. Most of the innovation management frameworks have been formulated by undertaking studies in the developed world and lack the industry/culture specific focus. In this paper, we revisit the generic innovation management studies to develop an innovation management framework for highlighting the factors affecting innovation specifically at the Information Communication Technology (ICT) sector of Pakistan. A detailed literature review has been conducted to identify the factors included in the past innovation management models. To identify the factors specific for Pakistan, senior-level professionals, working at the Pakistani ICT organizations were interviewed based on a survey. A comparative analysis of the innovation management frameworks for Pakistan against those previously found in literature revealed interesting similarities and differences. Based on the study findings, an innovation management framework is developed that highlights the present factors which are important for innovation in the ICT sector for Pakistan. This framework can be used by Pakistan and other underdeveloped countries for improving their innovation in ICT sectors in particular and other sectors in general.
... Within this, less attention has been given to the entrepreneurial first step (or new venture creation) of an individual (including higher education students moving on from university) and the motivators behind it (Covin and Slevin, 1991;Peterman and Kennedy, 2003). There is not a lot of work on new venture creation and the motivators that overcome cognitive bias inhibiting IEO (Brenkert, 2017;Gimmon and Levie, 2009;McDaniel, 2003McDaniel, , 2005Meyer et al., 2017;Zahra et al., 1999). The concept of motivators as ways to overcome cognitive biases (i.e., adversity towards autonomy and proactiveness) has been used in work on SME exporting (for example, Leonidou et al., 2007;Stouraitis et al., 2017) but much less on student EO in emerging markets settings. ...
... Within this, less attention has been given to the entrepreneurial first step (or new venture creation) of an individual (including higher education students moving on from university) and the motivators behind it (Covin and Slevin, 1991;Peterman and Kennedy, 2003). There is not a lot of work on new venture creation and the motivators that overcome cognitive bias inhibiting IEO (Brenkert, 2017;Gimmon and Levie, 2009;McDaniel, 2003McDaniel, , 2005Meyer et al., 2017;Zahra et al., 1999). The concept of motivators as ways to overcome cognitive biases (i.e., adversity towards autonomy and proactiveness) has been used in work on SME exporting (for example, Leonidou et al., 2007;Stouraitis et al., 2017) but much less on student EO in emerging markets settings. ...
... Schumpeter [30] is one of the oldest researcher and his literature on innovation and its impact on economic growth is largely cited by researchers. Though Schumpeter [62] was mainly an economist, he emphasized the role of an entrepreneur in the growth of an economy and considered an entrepreneur as an innovator. Schumpeter [63] also considered entrepreneurship and innovation as a driving force for the growth of organizations as well. ...
Various aspects of innovation management have been discussed in literature over the past few decades. Most of the innovation management frameworks have been formulated by undertaking studies in the developed world and lack the industry / culture specific focus. In this paper we revisit the generic innovation management studies to develop an innovation management framework for highlighting the factors affecting innovation specifically at the ICT sector of Pakistan. A detailed literature review has been conducted to identify the factors included in the past innovation management models. To identify the factors specific for Pakistan, senior level professionals, working at the Pakistani ICT organizations were interviewed. A comparative analysis of the innovation management frameworks for Pakistan against those previously found in literature revealed interesting similarities and differences. Based on the study findings, an innovation management framework is developed that highlights the present factors which are important for innovation in the ICT sector for Pakistan. This framework can be used by Pakistan and other underdeveloped countries for improving their innovation in ICT sectors in particular and other sectors in general.
... Schumpeter describió al emprendedor como un creativo innovador y afirmó que, cuando ocurría una innovación, un emprendedor estaba presente creando la innovación y describió además una innovación como la comercialización de una invención (McDaniel, 2005). ...
Objetivo: este estudio pretende identificar las competencias emprendedoras de los líderes comunales de la ciudad de Ocaña (Norte de Santander, Colombia) siendo estos quienes tienen mayor conocimiento de las diferentes problemáticas que viven las comunidades. Método: se llevó a cabo una investigación de tipo descriptivo de enfoque cuantitativo, mediante la aplicación de encuestas dirigidas a 107 líderes comunales del sector urbano de Ocaña, de acuerdo con datos suministrados por la alcaldía Municipal de la localidad. Resultados: los hallazgos obtenidos demuestran que los líderes comunales presentan grandes fortalezas en cuanto a sus competencias emprendedoras, aunque son pocos los proyectos que realmente han logrado materializar. Discusión: Lo anterior debido a que, un aspecto que incide en el emprendimiento es el contexto en el cual se desenvuelve el individuo, con el propósito de generar y proponer proyectos para mitigar o dar respuesta a las problemáticas donde el líder interactúa, siendo indispensable el apoyo que las comunidades reciban de las entidades gubernamentales, de las instituciones de educación y de empresas del sector privado, para hacerlos realidad. Conclusiones: se puede afirmar que, con base en los resultados obtenidos se alcanzó el objetivo propuesto, logrando identificar las competencias emprendedoras de los líderes comunales, observándose un alto perfil emprendedor en líderes masculinos, entre los 20 y 40 años que se desempeñan como independientes.
... Utilitarians are purposeful (Previte et al., 2015), a person that transforms desires into actions, whereas hedonics will hardly fulfill their entrepreneurial intentions (Looi, 2017). Although Joseph Schumpeter described the entrepreneur as being neither hedonic nor utilitarian (McDaniel, 2005), other authors say entrepreneurs do have a profit-seeking motivation, and other urges (Judge and Douglas, 2013). Entrepreneurs have a high achievement motivation (Stewart and Roth, 2007) and a more rational approach to risktaking (McGrath, 1999). ...
Purpose
This paper aims to test the model of goal-directed behavior (MGB) in the prediction of entrepreneurial intentions of high school students. It also uncovers heterogeneity and differences in structural paths. The study aims to expand the toolbox of theoretical models that are useful to interpret entrepreneurial intentions by including the MGB. The MGB explains the role of desires, anticipated emotions and frequency of past behavior (FPB). These aspects are underplayed in other models.
Design/methodology/approach
The paper opted for a study using PLS path modeling. The authors applied questionnaires to 643 students (260 boys and 383 girls) from 34 high school institutions of a large metropolitan city in a developing country. Data analysis used a multi-group analysis and a finite mixture (FIMIX) approach.
Findings
The paper provides empirical insights about the antecedents of entrepreneurial intentions and confirms the role that desires and FPB have in their development. MGA results suggest that PBC relevance depends on gender, and emotions vary with socio economic level (SEL).
Research limitations/implications
Research results are limited to high school students. Therefore, researchers are encouraged to test the proposed propositions further with university students and the general population in other developing and developed countries.
Practical implications
The paper includes implications for teaching curriculum and government policy in entrepreneurship. The results encourage the study of entrepreneurship from a young age and the importance of teaching how to overcome negative emotions in the entrepreneurial process.
Originality/value
This paper satisfies a recognized need to evaluate competing models that explain entrepreneurial intentions. The grouping analysis uncovers opportunities to develop innovative education and training strategies.
... The neoclassical approach, fundamentally, seems to be based on a contradiction. On the one hand, there is no chance of identifying new entrepreneurial opportunities but, on the other hand, economic history recalls that, of course, new entrepreneurial opportunities have been identified and exploited in markets, because of the role of the entrepreneurs who aim to satisfy new consumers' needs (McDaniel, 2005). ...
... Definisi usahawan menurut Schumpeter dalam Teori Perniagaan Enterprise bermaksud 'kewangan'. Oleh itu dari perspektif neoklasik penerangan ini paling sering diterjemahkan kepada usahawan yang mempunyai cirri-ciri sebagai seorang kapitalis dan keuntungan bermotivasi (McDaniel, 2005). Disamping itu, usahawan juga dilihat sebagai innovator yang kreatif. ...
Abstrak: Kajian ini adalah berkenaan dengan kesan undang-undang, norma dan nilai etika yang diambil dari pendekatan tawhid paradigm terhadap keusahawanan dan masyarakat Malaysia. Pembangunan keusahawanan merangkumi tiga kriteria utama iaitu, undang-undang, norma dan nilai-nilai etika. Dalam konteks perlembagaan undang-undang, pengekalan etika keusahawanan adalah dianggap penting. Di samping itu, bidang keusahawanan juga perlu membangungkan norma usahawan samada dari segi bertulis (kod etika) mahupun tersirat. Paradigma Tawhid diwujudkan bagi memupuk kawalan dalaman berdasarkan kerohanian Islam dan pembentukan iman serta akhlak yang kukuh bagi menyumbangkan kepada hubungan yang harmoni di antara keusahawanan PKS dan masyarakat Malaysia secara amnya. Temuduga secara peribadi terhadap usahawan PKS Malaysia yang dipilih dari sekitar Lembah Kelang telah dijalankan bagi mendapatkan pandangan serta maklumat lanjut berhubung dengan penyelidikan ini. Keputusan awal telah menunjukkan bahawa penglibatan undang-undang, norma dan nilai-nilai etika di PKS masih di peringkat awal. Walaubagaimana pun, keusahawanan PKS modular di bawah naungan pelbagai agensi yang berkaitan di Malaysia seperti FAMA, SME Corporation, TEKUN dam TERAJU adalah sejajar dengan prinsip keharmonian di antara perniagaan dan masyarat sejagat. Dicadangkan supaya kajian pada masa hadapan perlu menggunakan instrument yang lebih menyeluruh dan terperinci di samping mengumpul maklumat yang lebih meluas dari usahawan di setiap bidang dan kawasan.
... According to Schumpeter in The Theory of Business Enterprise, entrepreneurship is pecuniary and therefore from a neoclassical perspective this description has most often been translated into the entrepreneur having the characteristic of being a capitalist and profit motivated (Mcdaniel, 2005). Entrepreneurs are viewed as creative innovators. ...
The study explores the effect of legal, norms and ethical values from Tawhidic paradigm on achieving harmonious SME entrepreneurship and Malaysian society. Entrepreneurship setting comprises three main criteria, namely, legal, norms and ethical values. Observing legal requirement in various aspects related to business, entrepreneurship and society is essential to maintain entrepreneurial legitimacy. Apart from complying the law, entrepreneurship develops its own norms in terms of written (code of ethics) and tacit self regulation (words of mouth). Tawhidic paradigm manifests internal control based on Islamic and Imanic spirituality. The combination of external and internal control with Islamic and Imanic spirituality contributes to the harmonious relationship between the SME entrepreneurship and Malaysian society. The study obtains views through personal interview with selected Malaysian SME entrepreneurs in Klang Valley. The preliminary results show that the engagement into legal, norms and ethical values is still at premature stage as the SMEs are struggling to survive. However, the modular SME entrepreneurship under the guidance of various SME agencies in Malaysia such as FAMA, SME Corporation, TEKUN, and TERAJU, entrepreneurs are aligned harmoniously between the business and the society. The future study should use more rigorous and comprehensive instruments and to get more informants for study.
... andKansikas, social entrepreneurship becomes the subject of research for sociology discipline (Hockerts, Mair, and Robinson ; Kriauciunas, Parmigiani, and Rivera-Santos); entrepreneurship (Chell, Nicolopoulou, and Karatas-Ozkan; Corner and Ho); public management (Bagnoli and Megali; Meyskens et al.); ethics (Cornelius et al.), finance (Austin, Stevenson, and Wei Skillern), politics and institutions (Hemerijck; Dey and Steyaert), and psychology and education (Chand and Misra)[32] ...
... Finally, entrepreneurship can be understood as a set of positive results compared to costs (efficiency) in relation to given activities and decisions. The purpose of those activities is usually connected with developments in a market, new technologies, and trends [Cooper 2003, McDaniel 2005. ...
The development of new technologies and the increasing ease of Internet access have combined to contribute to the formation of new styles of living and working. One example is the increasing trend of people choosing to become 'digital nomads' , whose lifestyle connects earning money and realizing passion for travelling and being independent. The main purpose of this paper is to introduce digital nomads as a new phenomenon within global trends of employment in the context of technological development and lifestyle changes. The paper also compares the key behaviors of digital nomads with those of entrepreneurial behaviors. The paper concludes that being a successful digital nomad necessitates having entrepreneurial behaviors.
... Application of new organizational form within sectors (Glapiński, 2012;Filion, 2008;McDaniel, 2005). Baumol (1993) follows Schumpeter's characteristics of entrepreneurship in a very similar way (qtd. in Piecuch, 2010) and adding "new combination resulted from innovations." ...
Purpose: The purpose of this article is to position self-employment within an entrepreneurship paradigm. The authors create a structured approach to the existing concepts and definitions of entrepreneurship and self-employment, as well as interrelations between them. The text proposes a framework to analyze these two phenomena by establishing their categorization.
Methodology: An in-depth critical review of selected literature of the classical and contemporary entrepreneurship theories and definitions in the context of self-employment.
Findings: The main results of the study show major discrepancies between existing definitions and approaches in entrepreneurship and self-employment theories and the official EU definitions.
Practical implications: The findings offer a starting point for quantitative, methodologically sound, comparative studies on entrepreneurship and self-employment and their role in the contemporary labor market. The proposed categorization structures current terminological chaos and standardizes the terms and tools used in labor market statistics.
Originality: The article comprises a set of notions related to the concept of both entrepreneurship and self-employment. The text positions self-employment within an entrepreneurship paradigm and offers new arguments in the discussion on their similarities and differences. The summary offers an original idea that confronts self-employment forms with selected entrepreneurship characteristics.
... (c) Movement of Bunt Community (Shetty) from villages to metro and initiating hotel business as a profession. On the other hand, most of the second generations followed parents in their businesses considering their comfort in doing what their parents have done and accepting it as a part of natural settings [43]. ...
Entrepreneurship has been considered as a major source of employment generation, economic growth and prosperity of a nation. India is also not an exception for good entrepreneurship. India which was famous for its’ prosperity, wealth, education and reach culture all of the sudden falls on the radar of critics. Most of the scholars of entrepreneurship including Max Weber criticized Hindu social system for retarded economic progress. They even did not pay heed to the history of invaders including Britishers who were actually responsible for the destruction of self-sufficient Indian economy. Nevertheless, thankful to the various communities who are trying to maintain the entrepreneurial culture in India and contributing to the growth of
Indian economy. This study was carried out based on the secondary data. The data was mainly assessed through EBSCO, K-NIMBUS, Web of Science, SCOPUS, and Google Scholar. The community's websites, were also accessed to gain community-based specific knowledge. In the present study, an effort has been made to study important characteristics of various Indian entrepreneurial communities and their culture. The idea was to understand speciality and knacks which can trigger others to learn lessons from them and overcome on weakness. Moreover, this article is discussing in crystal clear on communities and their cultural behavior, customs like Sindhis, Jain, Chettiyar, Boharis, Gujarati, Parsis, Marwaris and Shettys communities.
... Although economic writers began recognising the entrepreneur as early as 1725 with the writing of Richard Cantillon and continued through Adam Smith, Jean-Baptiste Say, John Stuart Mill, and others, it was the Australian economist, Joseph A. Schumpeter, who in the 1930s succinctly recognised and defined the role and activities that entrepreneurs contribute to the evolution of the economic system (McDaniel, 2005). Richard Cantillon focused on the economic role of the entrepreneur rather than on who performs that role. ...
Entrepreneurial opportunity resides on the level of the individual, the company and the economy. There are overlapping concepts of entrepreneurship, economic, social and administrative. Therefore, current research has introduced the concept of entrepreneurship from the standpoint of economic and social psychology as well as administration, which is based on the opportunity, in addition to the concept of the entrepreneur, centred on the role of entrepreneurship and innovation as the most important requirements to sustain the economy based on the knowledge. Also, the concept of economic intelligence challenges posed by the activities of a knowledge-based economy, methods and tools within the stages of the process of intelligence economic are discussed. The conclusion that the roots of entrepreneurship are economic, focused on what happens when entrepreneurs create a company; however, the current focus is managerial and centred on how entrepreneurs create and manage the company.
Keywords: entrepreneurial opportunity; entrepreneurship approaches; economic intelligence; EI; knowledge management; KM.
... Although economic writers began recognising the entrepreneur as early as 1725 with the writing of Richard Cantillon and continued through Adam Smith, Jean-Baptiste Say, John Stuart Mill, and others, it was the Australian economist, Joseph A. Schumpeter, who in the 1930s succinctly recognised and defined the role and activities that entrepreneurs contribute to the evolution of the economic system (McDaniel, 2005). Richard Cantillon focused on the economic role of the entrepreneur rather than on who performs that role. ...
Entrepreneurial opportunity resides on the level of the individual, the company and the economy. There are overlapping concepts of entrepreneurship, economic, social and administrative. Therefore, current research has introduced the concept of entrepreneurship from the standpoint of economic and social psychology as well as administration, which is based on the opportunity, in addition to the concept of the entrepreneur, centred on the role of entrepreneurship and innovation as the most important requirements to sustain the economy based on the knowledge. Also, the concept of economic intelligence challenges posed by the activities of a knowledge-based economy, methods and tools within the stages of the process of intelligence economic are discussed. The conclusion that the roots of entrepreneurship are economic, focused on what happens when entrepreneurs create a company; however, the current focus is managerial and centred on how entrepreneurs create and manage the company.
Keywords: entrepreneurial opportunity, entrepreneurship approaches, economic intelligence, EI, knowledge management, KM
... Since 17 th century, the term has caught attention of many economists, including Adam Smith (1776), Jean-Baptiste Say (1834) and Alfred Marshall (1920). However, Joseph Schumpeter (1934) is often cited as being responsible for some of the most notable contributions to entrepreneurship theory (Goss, 2005;McDaniel, 2005). He described entrepreneur as a creative innovator (with innovation being the "commercialization of invention "-McDaniel, 2005, pp. ...
... Most researchers agree that creativity and innovation are key areas that determine the success or failure of an organization (Anderson, Potonik, & Zhou 2014, Bowen, Rostami, & Steel 2010, Friedrich, Mumford, Vessey, Beeler, & Eubanks 2010, Ko 2008, Janssen, Van De Vliert, & West 2004, McDaniel 2005. At the least, the fostering of creativity and innovation is a necessity, not an option, for organizations to respond to advances in technology, changing environment and organizational structures, competitors, evolving customer needs, and global issues and diversity (Egan 2005). ...
Innnovation and creativity are the lifeblood of organizations. As such, businesses expect college graduates to exhibit the skills necessary to engage in these behaviors. This research explores the concept of innovation, whether it is innate, or if the skill can be taught within the university setting, and how universities are addressing the need for, and teaching innovation. A search of the word “innovation” within educational courses found that most courses are theoretically-oriented or are efforts to cultivate entrepreneurs and/or new inventions, though some appear more practical in nature. A sampling of 50 ACBSP and AACSB accredited universities offering courses in innovation found that approximately half the universities reviewed offered courses in innovation but most courses appeared theoretical. This work contributes to the discussion of business education regarding innovation and the importance of aligning business education with organizational needs
... Haciendo una breve síntesis de los modelos teóricos mencionados es destacable como precursor del estudio del emprendimiento desde una perspectiva psicológica las investigaciones de McClelland (1961), que han tenido su proyección sobre posteriores caracterizaciones del emprendedor como las de Gartner (1988); Veciana (1989); Davidsson (1989) y Boydson et al. (2000; McDaniel (2005);Peneder (2008). En estos estudios se evidencian algunas características comunes al espíritu emprendedor que suelen converger en aspectos tales como la mayor tolerancia al riesgo; la propensión a la innovación y la creatividad; la planificación teniendo en cuenta el largo plazo; el afán de logro; la autoconfianza; la autoestima o la alta valoración de autonomía. ...
The purpose of this communication is to deepen the entrepreneurial reality
among young people, given the importance of this activity has gained
in economic and political agenda as a means of job creation in recent
years. For this attitudinal and jurisdictional issues that promote entrepreneurship
with particular emphasis on the gender variable was analyzed.
The basis for this analysis are data on Entrepreneruship Global Entrepreneurship
Monitor (GEM) and the Survey of the Sociological Research Centre (CIS) on the
attitudes of Spanish youth to entrepreneurship
... Many a time the entrepreneur is also classified as an opportunist (Kirzner 1973;Eckhardt and Shane 2003), capitalist (Formaini 2001) and profit seeking individual (McDaniel 2005) with scant regard to the benefits of the stake-holders. The dominant motive is attributed to self-aggrandisement. ...
There are many motives for choosing entrepreneurship as career. Literature indicates wealth motives and independence as most important drivers of intention. Social entrepreneurship as a career choice has social well being as a distinct driver of motivation. In one direction the entrepreneur is aggrandising wealth for self and in the other the entrepreneur is sacrificing for the common good. The research investigates this dichotomy among existing entrepreneurs and finds the dominant intention paradigm. The research design takes the convenient sampling of 213 entrepreneurs and seeks the response on a 5-point Likert scale. The data analysis indicates that entrepreneurship intent has a strong social dimension and entrepreneurs think creation of social well being is one of the prime motivations. It indicates that addressing social problems and creation of social benefit are the roles entrepreneurs take up. It also indicates that the employees of the organisation, community and other
social institutions tend to gain from the entrepreneurial process. The research suggests that the community also needs to reciprocate by supporting the entrepreneurial effort.
... Schumpeter saw it, was to act as a powerful element in this process of creative destruction, allowing the economy to renew itself and bound onwards and upwards again (McDaniel, 2005). ...
Innovation has become the industrial religion of the late 20 th century. Business sees it as the key to increasing profits and market share. Governments automatically reach for it when trying to fix the economy. Around the world, the rhetoric of innovation has replaced the postwar language of welfare economics. Innovation: nothing new? Recent years have seen much focus on how innovation can lead to improvements in productivity assisting in economic development The article present the big difference between making culture in a particular field and practicing it. Innovation is the instrument of entrepreneurship. It invests resources with a new capacity to produce prosperity.
... Según McDaniel (2005), a fi nales de 1700 emergió un nuevo individuo sociológicamente distinto, que es el empresario, pero solo hasta 1930 fue Schumpeter quien comenzó a defi nir su rol y actividades en los sistemas económicos. ...
El objetivo de este trabajo es presentar las aportaciones de diferentes ciencias al estudio de la complejidad, a fi n de entender el origen de conceptos que se han vuelto muy comunes en otras disciplinas, tales como: redes geonómicas, paisaje de aptitud, tensión disipativa, mecanismos de adaptación, gradiente de entropía, enredo quántico, caos determinista, autoorganización, perturbación, autopoiesis, clausura operativa, acoplamiento, variedad sufi ciente, multidimensionalidad, bloque de construcción de agentes, procesos de agrupamiento, externalidades de red, leyes de poder y orden, entre otras.
... Takim przedsiębiorcą raczej się bywa (gdy dokonuje się innowacji) niż się jest (Praag van, 1999). Ten zapoczątkowany przez Schumpetera nurt jest do dziś rozwijany i pozostaje cenną inspiracją zarówno dla jego zwolenników, jak również dla tych, którzy nie w pełni zgadzają się jego poglądami (Endres, Woods, 2010;McDaniel, 2005;Jackson, Klich, Poznańska, 2005;Fagerberg, 2003;McCaffrey, 2009). Popularność obu tych podejść jest pośrednim dowodem przemawiającym za słusznością stwierdzenia Baumola, że największy wkład w tworzenie teorii przedsiębiorczości mają Knight i Schumpeter (Baumol, 1968, s. 64). ...
Książka składa się z czterech rozdziałów, poprzedzonych wstępem i zwieńczonych częścią podsumowującą całość. Rozdział pierwszy nakreśla tło dla dalszych rozważań. W rozdziale tym wyodrębniono trzy zasadnicze ujęcia: ujęcie ekonomiczne, ujęcie psychologiczne oraz socjologiczno-kulturowe. W dalszej części tego rozdziału przeanalizowano związki między przedsiębiorczością a wzrostem gospodarczym. Wskazano także mniej znane kierunki badań nad przedsiębiorczością, zakorzenione w innych gałęziach nauk, łącznie z genetyką. Rozdział drugi jest zogniskowany wokół zagadnienia preprzedsiębiorczości. Punktem wyjścia do rozważań zaprezentowanych w tym rozdziale jest problematyka okazji przedsiębiorczej. Następnie omówiony został proces tworzenia nowego przedsięwzięcia, co pozwoliło na uwypuklenie roli i znaczenia preprzedsiębiorczości w procesie przedsiębiorczym. Rozdział ten zamyka analiza związków między preprzedsiębiorczością a poziomem rozwoju gospodarczego. W rozdziale trzecim na wstępie przedstawiono wybrane wyniki światowych badań nad preprzedsiębiorczością. W dalszej części rozdziału zaprezentowano stan wiedzy na temat determinant preprzedsiębiorczości oraz omówiono problematykę motywacji założycielskich i aspiracji wzrostowych preprzedsiębiorców. Następnie postawiono hipotezy badawcze, a w części podsumowującej ten rozdział zaproponowano czynnikowo-wynikowy model preprzedsiębiorczości. Ostatni, czwarty rozdział prezentuje wyniki badań empirycznych na dziesięciu różnych próbach badawczych. W badaniach empirycznych prowadzonych w latach 2008-2012, wzięło udział ponad 2300 respondentów. W większości byli to studenci Wydziału Zarządzania i Ekonomii Politechniki Gdańskiej, ale także studenci innych uczelni (Politechniki Poznańskiej oraz University of Glasgow) oraz uczniowie ostatnich klas szkół licealnych. Przebadano również próbę przedsiębiorców o dwuletnim doświadczeniu przedsiębiorczym, a w analizach porównawczych dotyczących przedsiębiorców sięgano również do wyników badań prowadzonych w ramach Pomorskiego Obserwatorium Gospodarczego. Uzyskane wyniki posłużyły do weryfikacji hipotez badawczych i do nakreślenia szerszego tła dla analizy zjawiska preprzedsiębiorczości. Dzięki przyjętemu sposobowi prowadzenia badań możliwa była również ocena wpływu procesu edukacji studentów na wykazywane przez nich postawy przedsiębiorcze i zmian statusu preprzedsiębiorcy wśród badanych studentów na tle deklarowanych przez nich postaw przedsiębiorczych.
This book consist of four chapters. The first one makes the background for the subsequent considerations, presenting the status quo of the contemporary studies on entrepreneurship. This chapter is focused on three major approaches: economic, psychological and socio-cultural. Later, some relations between entrepreneurship and economic growth are investigated. The chapter is summarised with the section presenting new and less popular directions of entrepreneurship research including such branches of science as genetics. The second chapter is dedicated to the concept of nascent entrepreneurship. The starting point is set on the idea of entrepreneurial opportunity. Then the founding process is explained, which allows emphasizing the role and importance of nascent entrepreneurship in the entrepreneurial process. The last part of the chapter shows the complex relation between nascent entrepreneurship and economic development level of a country. At the beginning of the third chapter some selected results of world research on nascent entrepreneurship are presented along with the theoretical knowledge on nascent entrepreneurship determinants. The next section depicts entrepreneurial motivations and growth aspirations of nascent entrepreneurs. This is followed by research hypotheses set on the basis of the existing knowledge. As a result, a factor-and-result model is proposed, linking determinants of nascent entrepreneurship with entrepreneurial motivations, growth aspirations and industry. The fourth chapter presents extensive empirical data gained from ten different research samples. In the empirical research carried out in the period 2008-2012 over 2300 participants were involved. The majority of them were students of the Faculty of Management and Economics GUT, but some of them were also from other universities (Technical University of Poznań and University of Glasgow) as well as from high schools located in Tricity, Poland. Part of the research was also based on interviews with entrepreneurs possessing 2 years of business experience. The additional source of data was the Pomeranian Economic Observatory. The empirical results are used both to verify the research hypotheses and to create a broader background for analysing nascent entrepreneurship. Due to a specific methodology applied in the research, it was possible to assess the impact of university education on entrepreneurial status of students.
Purpose-We examine how investment in digital technology shapes entrepreneurial trajectory-entrepreneurial opportunities, business models and performance given the competitive environment of the firm.
Design/methodology/approach-We choose all the observations from the listed firms of the Dhaka Stock Exchange Limited in Bangladesh, an emerging economy in Southeast Asia. We choose firms that have more exposure to technological investment each year in the value-generation process from 2019 to 2021. We use ordinary least square, controlling all fixed effects, to explore the impact of investment in IT on the entrepreneurial trajectory.
Findings-Following the "resource-based perspective" of the firms, we find that more investment in technologies improves entrepreneurial trajectory, even in a competitive environment.
Practical implications-This paper will assist regulators and policymakers in adopting the right legislation, regulatory reform and enforcement strategies to enhance the information technology implementation processes.
Originality/value-We expect that this paper will provide an incentive for managers and entrepreneurs to think more about the role of investment in technologies to improve and shield entrepreneurial trajectory in the long run.
Purpose
We explore the intersection of Catholic social teaching (CST) and entrepreneurship studies which has seemingly evaded scholars’ attention.
Design/methodology/approach
We integrate and expand upon prior work to explicate an integrative framework for examining CST and entrepreneurship studies.
Findings
We articulate the mechanisms through which CST and entrepreneurship studies may extend our understanding of the economic paradigm of entrepreneurship studies.
Originality/value
We explicate the economic paradigm of entrepreneurship studies and present the key reasons for Catholicism’s and CST’s exclusion to demonstrate why this is unjustified. Beyond expounding what we mean by CST, we extend the economic paradigm by an application to show why the economic paradigm is flawed and call for more CST-focussed entrepreneurship studies.
Los contenidos del libro se desarrollan de acuerdo con la agenda 2030 y con el objetivo del cuerpo de investigación Estudios turísticos y Desarrollo del Área Académica de Turismo de la Universidad Autónoma del Estado de Hidalgo, el cual es un espacio académico para la producción de conocimiento en los campo del turismo a través de la formación, interacción y confrontación de investigadores con el propósito de conformar una base de expertos que mantenga en permanente discusión las bases teóricas de la línea de investigación “Turismo y Desarrollo Territorial” a partir de las complejidades que tales relaciones incorporan y con el fin de facilitar su abordaje para desarrollar investigación turística de frontera, a la vez que se estimula la formación de recursos humanos mediante el análisis del turismo desde sus diferentes enfoques disciplinares.
Public acknowledgement and accepting towards the MLM business in Malaysia are still low, in addition to the negative perception that it is a type of money scamming and laundering business rather than an income-generating and job-creating opportunity. Moreover, there are insufficient studies on Indian entrepreneurs in Malaysia as well as theoretical and empirical research on entrepreneurial leadership (EL) as the key factor that promotes entrepreneurial growth and development. This study aims to address these gaps by conducting a qualitative investigation on EL among Indian entrepreneurs in K-Link International Sdn. Bhd. with the aim of (1) describing the concept of EL in MLM from the successful Indian entrepreneurs’ perspective, (2) explaining the success factors of Indian entrepreneurs, and (3) examining the role of EL in creating successful Indian entrepreneurs in K-Link International Sdn. Bhd. The data were collected using semi-structured interviews and document review and it was analysed using thematic and content analysis. The findings showed that both management system and organisational factors highly influence EL in K-Link International Sdn. Bhd.KeywordsMulti-level marketingEntrepreneurial leadershipIndian entrepreneurs
Link Me Up is a project that involves 13 higher education institutions (HEIs) and one of the result indicators of the Link Me Up project is to generate 600 ideas through co-creation cases developed in teams made up of students, teachers, and companies. These 600 ideas come from 6 batches that will be completed in June 2023. At this moment, four batches have already taken place but there are still only data from the first batch for all institutions. The objective of this work, with the available data referring to the first batch, was to try to understand if there are differences in efficiency between institutions. This analysis was performed using the data envelopment analysis (DEA) model, in which a constant return to scale (CRS) technology is assumed. The results reveal that there are different levels of inefficiency, with few HEIs being considered 100% efficient.
This paper attempts to give a comprehensive picture of China's current position and prospects for growth in the next industrial revolution, assessing whether the country can emerge as one of the "global winners" of the coming transformation. We provide an overview based on a review of the literature on the main driving megatrends of the so-called Fourth Industrial Revolution and present the most important socioeconomic implications affecting China. We progress by analysing China's current economic situation and growth prospects, reviewing secondary data. We find that to ensure a positive grow path, there is a need to enhance productivity via innovation, and we thus evaluate the innovative capacities of Chinese industry. We conclude that China is already a world leader in various industries based on consumer-focused, efficiency-driven innovation, and while Chinese players have not attained global competitiveness yet in engineering and science-based industries, if the country can follow its current path of development in promoting R&D, with no major systemic disturbances, it is only a matter of time before Chinese players will also emerge as world leaders in high-tech sectors. Journal of Economic Literature (JEL) classification: F18, I23, L16, O00, O30
The enterprise is a part of the institutional framework of capitalistic societies. It is a fictional agent created by accounting and sanctioned by law. It is based on capital and its purpose is to yield monetary profit. This paper demonstrates that in capitalism, the entrepreneurial function is not fulfilled directly by pure entrepreneurs, but indirectly through enterprises. By situating the entrepreneurial function in the enterprise, this paper fruitfully combines the gist of the theories of the pure entrepreneur with that of the institutionalist approach. The applicability of the main point of the paper is demonstrated by reference to three basic approaches to the theory of the entrepreneur. It is the institutional framework of capitalistic societies that allows for the entrepreneurial function, regardless of whether the entrepreneur is defined as (1) the one who brings about equilibrium, (2) the one who destroys equilibrium and thus creates development and progress, or (3) the one who bears the uncertainty which prevails in disequilibrium. By factoring in the role of institutions, the paper demonstrates that the theory of the entrepreneur does not have to be a mere dynamic add-on to otherwise static economics. Instead, the entrepreneurial function is necessary for the existence and coordination of production factors, and therefore for economic theory itself.
China has emerged as an economic power due, in part, to government policies that opened China to the world and created a modern consumer culture. One of these policies is the advancement of English-language education, including private providers, which has spawned the “English Fever” phenomenon. We use the unique context of the private English-language education industry in China to illustrate the concept of “compound (institutional) voids” and their relationship to unproductive entrepreneurship. Our contribution is in untangling some of the complexities related to institutional relationships, and in describing how compound voids increase the likelihood of rent-seeking behavior.
Economic theory predicts that rents produced from natural resources, especially oil and gas, can increase opportunities for entrepreneurship, but they may also reduce engagement in entrepreneurial activities as they change incentives towards rent-seeking. Using Global Entrepreneurship Monitor (GEM) annual surveys, this study provides empirical evidence that more per capita profit from oil and gas reduces entrepreneurship only in corrupt environments. The more the corruption is, the larger is the impact. The results have important implications for policy makers, especially in resource rich developing countries.
The geological study of the Ronda Range's ultramafic massifs (Malaga) undertaken by Orueta in 1912 led him to confirm in 1915 the discovery of platinum in Spain. The probable presence of this metal in the area had been anticipated by Macpherson in 1879, based on petro logic similarities with the Urals' deposits. Under the request of the Crown, between 1916 and 1919, Orueta identified platinum-rich allu-vials in the Verde and Guadaiza river basins. In 1919, he presented a total estimate of246 kg of reserves, within the context of rising prices due to World War I. We herein review the methodology followed and problems solved by Orueta during his research. We transcribe six previously unpublished letters of the author. They have been selected amongst the correspondence he kept with the aristocrat Enrique Vitiate, and with Rafael Śnchez Lozano, then Director of the Geological Survey of Spain.
This chapter explores the business and social forces driving the adoption of game technologies in multiple industries. It introduces five specific forces that compel industries to adopt game technologies for their core products and services. These five forces are computer hardware costs, game software power, social acceptance, industry successes, and native industry experimentation. The chapter also identifies five industry sectors which are actively experimenting with serious games and in which many successful applications have been created. These sectors are education and training, engineering design, product and service marketing, scientific exploration and analysis, and business decision making. Examples in each of these sectors are provided along with discussions of the forces that have made games an effective choice. The chapter concludes that games and the technologies that they embody will continue to proliferate through a wide variety of industries, following a similar pattern to that taken by electronics and the Internet. Business games; decision making; product marketing
In the post-Washington Consensus era, increasing emphasis on private sector-led strategies for economic growth has contributed to the focus of policymakers on entrepreneurship. However, many programs designed to support entrepreneurship are based on an erroneous and biased image of the entrepreneur, with important consequences for development processes and outcomes. Long-standing ideology underlying the entrepreneur as a rugged individual hero shapes not only the masculinist notion of entrepreneurship in most societies, but also the narrow focus and structure of entrepreneurship programs. Microfinance, however, is generally conceptualized as being "different" from other programs, particularly given its informal sector reach and common group lending model. This paper investigates the extent to which microfinance is able to build community, and to sustain individual entrepreneurs' attention to social solidarity economy. Alternative approaches to microfinance, which fundamentally restructure the way it works - specifically considering the issue of community-building - are discussed as a possible "next evolution" of this form of social enterprise.
The subject of the entrepreneur in economic theory has
mostly been examined in terms of development. Schumpeter, who
argued that the neoclassical economic theory could not explain the
powers of the economic change due to its static base, took a different
position by arguing the necessity of a dynamic theory. Schumpeter
identified the entrepreneur as essential element of the dynamic
theory of economic change. To Schumpeter, the major role of the
entrepreneur is to realize new combinations or innovations that ensure
economic change. The primary objective of this study is to explore
the individual (psychological) and leadership (sociological)
characteristics of the Schumpeterian entrepreneur, who leads to
creative destruction via the new combinations in the capitalist system;
to put forth his difference from other economic actors and to
demonstrate his role in the future (the collapse) of capitalism.
Özet: Đktisat literatüründe girişimci konusu daha çok ekonomik gelişme açısından ince-lenmiştir. iktisadın statik bir temele sahip olması nedeniyle ekonomik değişi-min güçlerini açıklayamayacağını belirten Schumpeter, dinamik bir teorinin gerekliliği-ni savunarak farklı bir pozisyon almıştır. Bu dinamik ekonomik değişim teorisinin temel unsuru olarak da girişimciyi yerleştirmiştir. Schumpeter'e göre girişimcinin temel rolü, ekonomik değişimi sağlayan yeni birleşimleri ya da yenilikleri gerçekleştirmektir. Bu yeni birleşimler yaratıcı yıkıma yol açarak, ekonomik sistemi dengesizliğe götürmekte-dir. Bu çalışmanın temel amacı, kapitalist sistem içinde yeni birleşimler aracılığıyla yaratıcı yıkıma neden olan Schumpeteryan girişimcinin, bireysel (psikolojik) ve liderlik (sosyolojik) özellikleri ele alınarak onun diğer iktisadi aktörlerden farkını ortaya koy-mak ve kapitalizmin geleceğinde (yıkılışında) oynayacağı rolü göstermektir. Anahtar Sözcükler: Schumpeter, girişimci, yaratıcı yıkım, yenilik, liderlik.
Abstract: The subject of the entrepreneur in economic theory has mostly been examined in terms of development. Schumpeter, who argued that the neoclassical economic theory could not explain the powers of the economic change due to its static base, took a different position by arguing the necessity of a dynamic theory. Schumpeter identified the entrepreneur as essential element of the dynamic theory of economic change. To Schumpeter, the major role of the entrepreneur is to realize new combinations or innovations that ensure economic change. The primary objective of this study is to explore the individual (psychological) and leadership (sociological) characteristics of the Schumpeterian entrepreneur, who leads to creative destruction via the new combinations in the capitalist system; to put forth his difference from other economic actors and to demonstrate his role in the future (the collapse) of capitalism.
Institutional economics has long shown that entrepreneurship plays a critical role in the pursuit of economic development and wellbeing. At the same time, entrepreneurship is complex and evolving. The path between entrepreneurship and wellbeing is not clear-cut, and not all types of entrepreneurial activity are correlated with economic growth. Failure to acknowledge this heterogeneity has important consequences for entrepreneurship policy and human development, particularly where gender is concerned. The paper treats the complexities involved in defining and conceptualizing entrepreneurship, setting the stage for a focus on the gender dimension. As female entrepreneurial activity has risen in many countries around the world, it is important to acknowledge the diversity of such activity and the ways it does (or does not) correspond to an increase in human freedom. Highlighting the differences between necessity and opportunity entrepreneurship, this paper illustrates the formal and informal institutions that shape gender inequity in the entrepreneurial environment. It concludes with some suggestions for addressing this important issue.
There has been an increasing interest in social entrepreneurs' roles in creating social value, fostering economic development, and advancing environmental sustainability. In institutional economics, there is extensive support for entrepreneurship as having a positive impact on economic development and personal wellbeing. This paper challenges the accepted understanding of social entrepreneurs as being "heroic," and their process of starting a new venture as beginning with passion or with the recognition of a social problem. Through examining the case of Clean the World, a social enterprise, we demonstrate that not all social ventures start with the intention of creating social value, but with the question: How can I make a profit? We discuss a recently proposed paradigm called effectual entrepreneurship, and then we illustrate how this paradigm fits the path of Clean the World. Effectual entrepreneurs have questioned the status quo and have focused on the existing or available resources, rather than on identifying opportunities first. We then explore how Clean the World fell into social entrepreneurship by "accident," while considering waste a resource. We conclude by making some suggestions about how to facilitate more of these "accidents" by fostering a culture that questions the status quo.
This research attempted to shed light on the effects of entrepreneurship dimensions on small businesses. The research aimed to study the impact of key dimensions of entrepreneurship on opportunities of venture survival and growth. The independent variables selected for this study are related to the five dimensions of entrepreneurship—characteristics of entrepreneur, entrepreneurship support policy, general environment, entrepreneurship activities, and information and electronic entrepreneurship—and their effect on survival and growth opportunities of small projects (the dependent variables). The research results and analysis revealed no significant impact on growth opportunities for small businesses. There is significant support for policy enhancing the general environment and chances for business survival and growth. There was no impact from information and electronic entrepreneurship on survival and growth chances .Finally, the authors present several recommendations including inviting Jordanian companies and governmental institutions and organizations to adopt entrepreneurship concepts and practices, bringing more attention to entrepreneurship concepts as well as providing technical and financial assistance to new entrepreneurs, issuing an annual report on the entrepreneurial activities and projects, and encouraging studies and research on the entrepreneurship in Jordan.