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Factors Affecting Public Transport Use in Touristic Areas
... As a result, Prayag et al. [12] considered tourists' satisfaction ratings of their leisure travel at destinations. The previous study, along with [13], designed constraint-based conceptual frameworks and used factor analyses to explore leisure travelers' satisfaction with public transport services in urban cities. The authors considered eleven (11) service quality aspects altogether, and eight of them were found to pose strong correlations between satisfaction and the frequency of use of urban transit systems for holiday travel at destinations. ...
... This enables the authors and research enumerators to cautiously investigate tourists' satisfaction with the service extent of the existing public transport system available for use for leisure travel and tourism in the iconic urban city. Since the geographical study area is a renowned destination with classical historical relevance, the questionnaire-based survey method was used, which is consistent with [13,25] travel behavior and destinations' transport usage satisfaction research. As a result, the questionnaire-based survey method was reckoned to help this study maximize the survey time specified and overcome cost limitations to conduct successful research. ...
Tourists’ preferences for public transport at destinations are homogeneous, while the choice
of private transport services is heterogeneous. This paper examined several facets of the existing public
transport system to understand tourists’ disapproval of the mode choice for pleasurable holiday travel
in Lagos, Nigeria. The urban transport services were adjudged based on tourists’ perceptions of
satisfaction with service features related to mode choice. Statistical and structured analyses were used
to explore the association between usage decisions and satisfaction with public transport services. The
link between mode choice tolerability and usage decisions was identified using Pearson’s correlation
coefficient analysis. The principal component analysis (PCA) identified three (3) main factors
comprising 16 service dimensions influencing the choice of public transport. The Kaiser-Meyer-Olkin
(KMO) and Barlett tests confirmed the sampling adequacy for each variable in each factor and the
combined elements. The analyses quantified the association between variables and tourists’ usage
decisions. The relationship between satisfaction and the variables explained the variation in
satisfaction with the quality aspects of public transportation. Thus, the findings expressly explained
tourists’ usual dissatisfaction with Lagos public transport system for leisure excursions.
... The availability of appropriate data obtained from travel cards has contributed to the generation of specialised cartography highlighting such phenomena as demand flows, the use of public transport stops, the detection of tourists travelling with public transport, or even the influence of the weather on the way in which passengers use public transport (Corcoran & Tao, 2017;Munizaga & Palma, 2012;Tao, Rohde, & Corcoran, 2014). Nevertheless, very few studies have tackled seasonal patterns related to transport in tourist regions (Antoniou & Tyrinopoulos, 2013). In this regard, the objective of this article is to test the potential of the big geodata generated by travel cards for producing maps that size and characterise the seasonal demand for public transport in a coastal tourist region. ...
... study also add new evidences to the literature in the field of the multiple implications of tourism demand for the provision of public transport in tourist cities and regions (Albalate & Bel, 2010;Gössling, Hall, Peeters, & Scott, 2010;Gutiérrez, Miravet, Saladié, & Anton Clavé, 2019;Thompson & Schofield, 2007). However, to date, very few works have shed any light on the challenge of seasonality and its impact on the demand for public transport (Antoniou & Tyrinopoulos, 2013). Another point that cannot be neglected is the fact that the maps revealed that the impact of seasonality was primarily concentrated within the main tourist areas, coinciding with the main hotel clusters. ...
Mobilities that take place in coastal tourist regions are not regular in time nor in space, since the arrival of tourists follows a distinctly seasonal pattern. A key agent in the mobility sector, such as the public transport, is directly affected by these alterations. This article aims at analysing this phenomenon from a geographical perspective, by means of the use of big (geo)data generated by travel cards that monitor the demand for interurban public transport in the region of Camp de Tarragona, in south Catalonia. The maps presented in this article constitute a first attempt to appraise the impact of seasonality of tourist activities on public transport demand in coastal tourist regions. They allow detailing large spatiotemporal fluctuations in the use of public transport between winter and summer periods, and also significant differences in daily time slots between both periods. The results are from interest to understand the mobilities in tourist regions and for agents involved in public transport provision and tourism management.
... Le-Klaehn and Hall (2015) argue that public transportation (PT) in remote 'rural areas' is generally poor and generally not favoured by visitors. Along the same lines, Antoniou and Tyrinopoulos (2013) mention that the imbalance in traffic flows between low and high seasons generates negative effects related to the problematic use of transport resources. PT in tourist places, such as islands, is much more limited than in mainland Greece. ...
The increase in the number of tourists visiting many destinations in Greece could lead to spillover effects on the safety of tourists with road traffic accidents being the major contributor to the morbidity and mortality of travellers worldwide. We employ data from 51 Greek regions (NUTS-3) during the period 2000–2017 to investigate the role of tourism in road accidents. We examine whether road accidents are affected by factors such as tourism, economic, demographic, meteorological, and risk exposure variables. We reveal that tourism affects road accidents in Greece, and that foreign tourists have a significant influence in this regard. Domestic tourists have a significant effect on non-fatal accidents, unlike foreign travellers, who covary more with cases of severe injuries and fatalities. There is a positive relationship between the number of road traffic accidents and tourism; more and longer stays of tourists coincide with increased vehicular collisions. Our findings suggest that domestic and foreign tourists are important to the national road safety policy plan, and that policymakers should be aware of this.
... It is pertinent to mention here that female mobility in Pakistan is sometimes restricted because of social, cultural, and safety-related issues. Similar findings have also been reported by [22,32] that around 80% of the trips in the country are male-dominated as compared with 20% of the female trips. This is one of the reasons that female participation in this research study is low compared with their counterparts. ...
Ride-hailing services play an important role in developing countries where conventional transport systems are not enough to meet the needs of commuters because of increased populations. This form of transport has gained much popularity in developing regions because of the inclusion of motorcycles and rikshaws in ride-hailing services. To the best of the authors’ knowledge, there has been little research on passengers’ behavior towards these ride-hailing services that focuses on social protection and the fare system in developing regions. Therefore, this research study is aimed at investigating the behavior of commuters towards these ride-hailing services in Lahore, which is the second largest city in Pakistan and can be considered as a case study of a developing country. A total of 531 useable valid responses were collected through face-to-face interactions, including the sociodemographics (SEDs) and behavior of commuters towards these services. The results of an explanatory factor analysis (EFA) and structural equation modeling (SEM) revealed that some of the significant latent variables of these ride-hailing services are comfort, convenience, privacy and security, the fare system, social protection, and safety. The commuters’ overall evaluation of these services is positive and affects their present and future preferences. The structural coefficient between convenience and the variable of present preference is significant and negative, which shows that there are respondents who infrequently use ride-hailing services despite having high satisfaction. The riders’ satisfaction with privacy, security, social protection, safety, and comfort has a positive and direct impact on their present preferences as the structural estimates are positive, which means that the higher their views on privacy, security, and comfort, the more frequently they intend to use ride-hailing services for commuting. Increased social protection, safety, privacy, and security will improve the evaluations of the commuters and influence their present preferences for these ride-hailing services. Even though there are regulations on these ride-hailing services, some concrete policy interventions are needed for improvements in commuters’ overall evaluations of these services in order to influence their future preferences. The findings of this research study, if applied in the real world, can improve the overall evaluation of the commuters and positively influence their present and future preferences for these ride-hailing services.
... The underlying factors were identified as convenience, cabin environment, and ease of use. Females were found to show relatively negative opinions about cabin environment [26,27] employed factor analysis to explore the underlying factors affecting the transit ridership and the levels of satisfaction when using transport services. They found that comfort, safety, and information are the factors that residents value the most, whereas the tourists were found to place more focus on service production, reflecting route frequencies and reliability of service. ...
App-based demand-responsive transit (DRT) services are emerging where conventional public transport is unable to meet the demand. SWVL (choice A) and Airlift (choice B) are two such DRT bus services operating in Lahore, Pakistan. It is important for the policy makers and operators to evaluate the satisfaction levels of the passengers using these services. This study evaluated passengers’ satisfaction regarding choice A and choice B through a questionnaire survey. A total of 440 responses were collected from the users of the DRT services through personal interviews and a web-based approach. Factor analysis on the collected data produced two underlying factors, namely service-attributes and bus ambiance. Ordinal regression showed that the service-attributes and ambiance were significant predictors of overall satisfaction levels about choice A. Service-attributes indicated a larger positive impact on overall satisfaction with choice A as compared to ambiance. Although the ordinal model for choice B fitted the data well, the predictors were found to be insignificant. The results offer an insight into which predictors affect the overall satisfaction and how it can be improved.
... Respondents also rated their motivations for using a car, a coach, or public transport on a Likert scale from 1 to 5, with 1 being not-at-all relevant and 5 being totally relevant ( Table 2). The motivational statements for using a car (11 items), a coach (12 items), and public transport (10 items) were developed using a factor analysis with reference to related studies (Albalate & Bel, 2010;Antoniou & Tyrinopoulos, 2013;Fellesson & Friman, 2012). Factors were extracted using the following criteria: an eigenvalue greater than 1 and factor loadings greater than 0.5. ...
... On the contrary, residents place more focus on qualitative aspects such as comfort, safety and information. [1] 3. The tourism transport infrastructure in Uzbekistan. ...
Transportation is an integral part of tourism industry. This article investigates the importance of developing transport infrastructure for tourism sector in Uzbekistan.
... From our findings, young riders tend to be more satisfied with the quality of service, as illustrated in 'pleasurable experience' and 'environmentally conscious'. This finding shares a common trend with Antoniou and Tyrinopoulos [46], which reported that younger people are in general more satisfied with the services, possibly because they are in good physical shape. This may affect comfort and convenience particularly when boarding and alighting the vehicle, waiting for the service, or sitting in the compact cabin space. ...
... Distance: the duration that the train takes from to the destination (Mammadov, 2012) Safety: making sure that it is safe. Information provision and behavior of the personnel (Antoniou and Tyrinopoulos, 2013).Hence train plays important role in enriching the travel experience of a tourist if the service provided is fulfilled. Eraqi, (2006) defined service quality as a philosophy overwhelmed the organization management it is a continuous improvement so as to retain tourists and fulfill their level of satisfaction whereas Kleynhans, and Zhou, 2012 have conceptualized service quality as the overall impression of customers towards the weakness or supremacy of service offered to them. ...
... Antoniou and Tyrinopoulos mention many urban touristic areas around the world face numerous problems caused by the seasonality of transport demand, meaning the predictable or unpredictable variations in demand for transport services imposed by other sectors; in this case tourism. Such problems are congestion in the major transport routes, damage of the transport infrastructure, severe environmental pollution, energy loss, increased travel times, damage to the natural environment, low quality services provided to the visitors and harms to the historical sites [10]. This is the case of San Marcos Fair. ...
... In addition, tourists are generally not acquainted with local transport services, and so are extensive consumers of travel informationa key factor behind the rise of TripAdvisor and similar websites (Xiang and Gretzel, 2010). Antoniou and Tyrinopoulos (2013) found that the second most important satisfaction parameter for public transport users in tourist areas was the provision of service information, preceded only by comfort/safety. Hence, transport authorities have an interest in improving the transport-related information provided to this sector. ...
The potential of social media (SM) as a dissemination channel for traffic information is becoming increasingly apparent. Many authorities around the world have created dedicated SM accounts and are using them as a two-way communications channel with the public. However, travellers, and particularly tourists, seeking transport-related information do not necessarily turn to official SM accounts as their first choice, preferring instead content-sharing services such as Question & Answer (Q&A) forums offered by (for example) TripAdvisor. The main interest of the transport authority is to ensure that information conveyed to travellers is of high quality and, above all, correct. Given the large number of questions posted in Q&A forums, carrying out by hand the tasks of scanning all questions, identifying those that are transport-related and checking the quality of replies would be time-consuming and impractical. In this paper we present a methodology for automatically categorizing transport-related questions posted in Q&A forums such as those of TripAdvisor, and extracting questions seeking travel instructions. We describe how we developed the necessary classifiers, and we demonstrate their applicability to various cities. We also demonstrate the feasibility of automatically extracting the origin and destination referred to in questions posted in TripAdvisor, thus enabling authorities to use the provided methodology to glean ever-more knowledge about commonly taken routes.
... They conclude that tourists base their choice on the basis of the frequency and the reliability of service, whereas residents value most other qualitative aspects. This also stresses the need to rethink policy analysis of transport demand and encourage efforts in marketing strategies, transparency and quality properly integrating tourist demand (Antoniou and Tyrinopoulos 2013). ...
The significant development of tourism as an economic activity in some cities has led to the need to integrate potential demand for public transport generated by tourists into planning decisions. Public transportation is considered a critical factor of tourism competitiveness and plays a fundamental role in the promotion and maintenance of a sustainable tourist destination. Ensuring equity of public transport services requires specific methodological tools for diagnosis and optimization. There are few references regarding the need to integrate tourism demand in the planning of public transport of cities or the development of methods and techniques to facilitate this task. A method for evaluating potential public bus transportation demand including both residents and tourists is presented. The method uses geographic information systems and statistics, namely, the Gini coefficient, to diagnose imbalances between supply and demand and the degree of equity in transport services. The city of Palma (Spain) is selected as a case study. The results show a significant imbalance in the public transport of the city. There is a large concentration of tourist facilities in areas where the level of bus service is not sufficient for the demand of the resident population and tourists.
... In addition, the ordered probit modeling, among other analysis technics, has been proven useful in studying the (perceived) service quality of mass transit and the factors affecting transit ridership (Nkurunziza et al., 2012). Most of these studies investigated the service quality in relation to transit & service attributes and passengers' characteristics (e.g., Abdel-Aty, 2001;Choocharukul, 2004;Dell'Olio et al., 2010;Antoniou and Tyrinopoulos, 2013). Yet, little research has incorporated the passengers' free opinions (e.g., comments and requests towards improvements on public transport system) into the ordered probit modeling. ...
After the first and fail attempt in 2001, the public bus service is now provided for citizens of Phnom Penh. However, the sustainability of the public bus service remains questionable due to unstable demand. This paper assesses the public bus performance from the viewpoints of bus passengers. Factors affecting passengers' perceived bus performance are investigated under an ordered probit model, using data from an on-board survey with bus passengers during service testing period in Phnom Penh (N = 1,100). Results show that the perceived public bus performance is likely to be improved by enhancing the bus attributes (e.g., speed, comfort) and by addressing the concerns expressed by the bus passengers (e.g., requests for bus service expansion). The findings provide the government useful information in considering appropriate strategies to ensure the sustainability of the public bus and to lessen the current traffic issues in the city.
This study determined to promote leisure satisfaction through pleasurable travel experiences in an active tourist destination. Local transportation provides links between tourists’ population and leisure targets at destinations. Therefore, diverse leisure activities and innovative tourism enterprises in many active cities are regulated by transport services. This study found that tourists are unwilling to adopt public mass transits for satisfactory travel in Lagos due to unattractive service attributes, thereby induced the increasing use of private vehicles for active leisure travel which technically retards touristic attraction of the city. Questionnaire survey technique was employed to collect data that were analysed in this study from the target respondents. Public transports deprived service attributes were identified to make Lagos uninteresting for wider leisure visitors and triggered a gradual declining of its tourism economy and social benefits. The transport service attributes examined from tourists’ sensitivities and perceptions are reliability, affordability, aesthetic features, comfort and safety to gain insight into how transportation service attribute variability impact leisure travel satisfaction in Lagos. This study used SPSS version 22.0 to analyse 108 valid responses. The Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) created in AMOS was valuable in determining complex mode integration via Exploratory Factor Analysis (EFA). The EFA characterised the cumulative variance attributes responsible for the unsatisfactory tourists’ perception of Lagos public transport system in recent times. This study conclusively proved that 11.33% of leisure tourists sampled use public transports service, while 88.67% opted for personalised transports, and over 43.0% of returning visitors to Lagos prefer not to use existing public transport services. This study advocates the improvement of transport service elements identified to encourage future use of Lagos public transports.
App-based ride hailing services (ABRHS) are becoming increasingly popular among masses in recent years. The assessment of customer's satisfaction with service quality of ride hailing services is essential for success of these services in the long run. Therefore, the current study aims to understand better the complexities of factors influencing the customer satisfaction and intentions towards app-based ride hailing services through the finding of a questionnaire study in Lahore, Pakistan. The collected data from 865 respondents were analyzed using exploratory factor analysis and structural model of traveler's satisfaction with the service quality was constructed. Structural Equation Modelling (SEM) also revealed that the commuter's overall satisfaction with service quality of app-based ride hailing service has positive impact on user's intentions to continue using services in future. The SEM further explained that overall satisfaction with the services mediates the relationship between service quality attributes including service & system attributes, service attraction attributes, network design attributes, and service reliability & professionalism attributes and commuter's intentions to continue using in the future. The further improvements in the quality attributes of app-based ride hailing services would enhance the traveler's overall satisfaction and their intentions to continuing using these services in the future.
The study was about the role of transport to the development of tourism in Kayonza Subcounty in Kanungu district and was guided by the following objectives: to understand the structure of transport and tourism sectors in Uganda, to determine the role of transport in tourism and to identify challenges facing by transport companies in servicing tourism. The study used a population of 100 individuals who comprised of Transport companies, Tour operators, tourism officials and the community members and a sample of 80 respondents. The research design that was used is a descriptive analytical study that consisted of both Qualitative and quantitative approaches. Generally, this research explored primary and secondary data about the role of transport in tourism in Uganda with specific objectives of identifying nature, types and size of transport in Rwanda, to determine percentage share of transport in tourism, to identify challenges facing by transport companies in servicing tourism and to offer solutions to meet the challenges of transport in Ugnda.Respondents were required to explain the structure of transport in Uganda. Concerning to identify nature, types and size of transport in use by the respondent companies, the results from respondents revealed that the majority of respondents are those one doing road transport where in 92.5% of respondents are doing land transport-based activities while the remaining 7.5% are doing air transport. These results imply that in Uganda their transport modes are mainly based on land transport, normally this is significantly as there is only one main airport in Uganda while road reach in every administrative sector of Uganda. Normally, tourists used to use land transport, this will lead the tourists to visit a smaller number of numbers of destination as land transport requires enough time to reach the destinations. Challenges facing by transport companies in servicing tourism. They include; Seasonality or unpredictable variations in car demand with 10% of the total respondents, Lack of adequate transport infrastructure like roads and bridge with 37.5% of the total respondents, Land sliding with 23.3% of the total respondents, Bad service due to unexpected increase in customers with 15% of the total respondents, Loss due to unexpected decease in customers with 12.5% of the total respondents, Availability of competent human resource with 6.7% of the total respondents, Maintenance of vehicles with 10% of the total respondents. The results above revealed that the main challenge faced by transport companies that currently servicing the tourism. The results reveal the solutions for the respondents to meet transport challenges in tourism. Majority of respondents (50%) opined modern roads as a solution to transport challenges in tourism services followed by another 12.5% of them expressing repairs and maintenance of existing roads, creation of public transport facility at tourism destinations, hiring of quality human resource for 10% while 12.5% of respondents expressed a strong transport policy and another 6.25% of them indicated specialization in transport service as solutions to those challenges. This implies that the potential solutions to meet transport challenges are availability of modern roads followed by repairing and maintenance of existing roads. Normally, modern roads facilitate in promoting tourism by avoiding traffic jams, which will help transport operators to provide good service to tourists by saving time. Adequate maintenance of existing roads will be very helpful for smooth tourist mobility. It shall attract more tourists by enjoying smart roads and less fatigue as roads are maintained.
SYNTHESIS ALGORITHMS OF OBSERVERS IN CONTROL SYSTEMS OF DYNAMIC OBJECTS
Antecedents of a tourism destination's sustainability and competitiveness rely on its transportation networks to facilitate the movement of traffic for locals and tourist alike. Multi-modality is vital to support the local economies, which garner its revenue from tourism activities. Modality plays a vital role to facilitate the mobility of tourists, inter destinations and within the destinations and relates to the accessibility aspects at a tourism destination. An observational study, paired with a comprehensive analysis of literature, is conducted to explore the gamut of the transportation networks in Melaka and its relation and contribution to the tourism industry. Findings show that Melaka's tourism industry is dependent on transportation networks. Public transportations are found to be inadequate. Issues such as seasonal congestion and public transportation inadequacy need to be addressed immediately to ensure that smooth flow and dispersal of traffic, entering and exiting Melaka. This paper helps future planning in preparing supporting tourism infrastructures in Melaka.
This book offers a comprehensive global examination of the relationship between public transport and tourism as well as exploring other sustainable transport modes. It offers a unique view by analysing tourism through the public transport lens and vice versa. The volume provides an account of how the public transport experience can be improved for tourists so that its value can be maximised and a greater number of people can be encouraged to shift modes. It features a wide range of case studies and examples showing how the tourism industry, as well as regional economies, communities and the environment, benefit when public transport is widely used by tourists. The book will be of interest to researchers and students in the fields of tourism and transport as well as destination marketing organisations and tourism, transport and urban planners.
At last, a timely and granular interrogation of policy frameworks and actors working at the intersection of tourism, mobility, public transport, governance and the built environment. Definitive and thorough, it is an outstanding contribution.
David Timothy Duval, University of Winnipeg, Canada
Focusing on a topic that is rarely considered in depth, this is a well-researched book that brings clarity of understanding to a topic that everyone presumes to understand but in reality knows little about. While much work on transport is regional in outlook, this volume is packed with examples from diverse tourism contexts around the globe.
Janet Dickinson, Bournemouth University, UK
Tourism, Public Transport and Sustainable Mobility tells us a great story. From the Stornoway-Ullapool ferry (those fabulous views from its deck on the dark hills!), through tourist experience during a tube ride and up to the impacts of neoliberal policies. A must-read for all involved in tourism and public transport research or practice, a rare combination!
Paul Peeters, NHTV Breda University of Applied Sciences, the Netherlands
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