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The will and the ways: Development and validation of an individual-differences measure of hope
Journal of Personality and Social Psychology
Abstract
Defining hope as a cognitive set that is composed of a reciprocally derived sense of successful (1) agency (goal-directed determination) and (2) pathways (planning of ways to meet goals), an individual-differences measure is developed. Studies with college students and patients demonstrate acceptable internal consistency and test–retest reliability, and the factor structure identifies the agency and pathways components of the Hope Scale. Convergent and discriminant validity are documented, along with evidence suggesting that Hope Scale scores augmented the prediction of goal-related activities and coping strategies beyond other self-report measures. Construct validational support is provided in regard to predicted goal-setting behaviors; moreover, the hypothesized goal appraisal processes that accompany the various levels of hope are corroborated.
... gies and emotional regulation [15,18], satisfaction and positive emotions [21], positive affect [19] and self-worth [22]. On the other hand, the hope variable is negatively correlated with depression [16,[22][23][24][25][26][27], anxiety, anxiety sensitivity [24,27], exhaustion [16,26], stressful life events [28], and in general with negative emotions. However, some studies have shown that people who had high hopes, have lower satisfaction of life and vice versa [29]. ...
... gies and emotional regulation [15,18], satisfaction and positive emotions [21], positive affect [19] and self-worth [22]. On the other hand, the hope variable is negatively correlated with depression [16,[22][23][24][25][26][27], anxiety, anxiety sensitivity [24,27], exhaustion [16,26], stressful life events [28], and in general with negative emotions. However, some studies have shown that people who had high hopes, have lower satisfaction of life and vice versa [29]. ...
... The beneficial effects of these variables on the physical and mental health have been confirmed in various researches [14]. After presenting the theory of hope and creating a tool for measuring it by Schneider, many studies looked at the relationship between hope and various variables of mental and physical health [15,16]. Hope is a fundamental concept in religion, marriage, mental health and counseling and psychotherapy. ...
... We do not question that most teachers enter the profession to make a difference in their students' lives, but we are interested in exploring the ways that professional learning can shift the less stable construct of optimism in a way that enacts hope, and examining this phenomenon is the focus of the current paper. Using Snyder et al.'s (1991), Snyder's (2000Snyder's ( , 2002 and Pantić's (2015) model of teacher agency for social justice to understand this aspect of our data, we address the following research question: How does hope manifest through the experiences of teachers engaged in professional learning that supports inclusive education? ...
... Through our deductive analysis process, using the codebook (see Table A1) developed by merging Synder's hope theory (Snyder, 2000(Snyder, , 2002Snyder et al., 1991) and Pantić's (2015) model of teacher agency for social justice, we identified four key themes. These are: the language of hope; movement and positioning through goal setting and pathways thinking; agency and the role of emotion; and supporting self-and teacher efficacy within inclusive education. ...
... We identified our participant group's starting position as hope 'full' (top left) because in the initial survey data they expressed positive intentions and willingness towards inclusive education but had not yet communicated the pathways thinking to support their intentions. By using Synder's hope theory (Snyder, 2000(Snyder, , 2002Snyder et al., 1991) and Pantić's (2015) model of teacher agency for social justice, we were able to map our teachers' professional learning journey, which we attributed to their ability to determine, plan and action a positive approach towards clearly articulated, desired goals (indicated on the x-axis). ...
Professional learning for quality teaching is a lifelong enterprise. Nevertheless, it entails a considerable cost with varying outcomes. Drawing on Snyder's hope theory and Pantic's teacher agency, this paper aims to present a model aimed at deepening our understanding of teachers' intentions and competencies in inclusive education. The model formulates a professional learning cycle tailored to address their unique needs. This study draws on data from a larger qualitative dominant mixed‐methods study exploring 18 teachers' professional learning experience with the inclusionEd online platform. The process involved a pre‐training online survey and interviews and employed multiple strategies for data analysis. Descriptive statistics were used for pre‐training survey data to assess teacher‐participants' attitudes towards inclusion and efficacy levels in this area. Subsequently, using Snyder's hope theory and Pantic's teacher agency, we deductively analysed interview data. The quantitative results showed that teacher‐participants had positive beliefs about inclusive education with high efficacy. However, qualitative data analysis uncovered a misalignment between their stated beliefs and enacted beliefs, revealing diverse pathways to both success and challenges in their implementation of inclusive practices. The qualitative analysis, combined with the preliminary survey findings, unveiled the fluidity of hope and identified the influences on shifting hope and maintaining a positive stance. We offer an illustration of teacher professional learning pathways. Understanding how these pathways might be used to increase the value and outcomes of professional learning programmes is discussed. This study concludes with a discussion of theoretical and practical implications and directions for future research.
... These findings are consistent with our research hypothesis as well as previous studies conducted across different patient groups and their caregivers 7,12,24 . For example, Byra 24 24,25 . It serves as a crucial resource for psychological adaptation, empowering individuals in the aftermath of traumatic experiences 26 . ...
... A sample item from the scale is "If suffering is taken with patience and gratitude, it gets converted to happiness. "HopeThe Dispositional Hope Scale (DHS; Snyder et al.25 ) was employed to measure the hope levels of the participants. Tarhan and Bacanlı 35 conducted the adaptation, validity, and reliability studies of the scale into Turkish. ...
... Possible total scores range from 8 to 64, with higher scores indicating greater dispositional hope. Snyder et al.25 reported that the internal consistency coefficient of the scale in eight different samples ranged from 0.74 to 0.84. The scale's reliability coefficient of Cronbach's alpha that we calculated in this study was 0.86, indicating a high level of internal consistency among the items on the scale 32 . ...
Cancer is a deadly disease that affects millions of people worldwide and is a source of great difficulty, stress, and trauma not only for patients but also for their caregivers. The physical and emotional suffering that patients experience by patients can lead their caregivers to cope with constant anxiety, sadness, and uncertainty. Moreover, during the cancer treatment process, caregivers must make a great effort to meet the needs of patients and support them. This situation may negatively affect the quality of life and psychological health of cancer patients’ caregivers and may lead them to experience trauma. The aim of this cross-sectional study was to examine posttraumatic growth’s relationship with age, the transformative power of suffering, and hope in family caregivers of cancer patients. Participants consisted of 314 Turkish family caregivers of cancer patients (73.2% women; Mage = 39.89 years) selected by using convenience sampling method. Participants answered a data collection tool consisting of a demographic information form, the Posttraumatic Growth Inventory, Trait Hope Scale, and Transformative Power of Suffering Scale. Data were analyzed using descriptive statistics, the Pearson product-moment correlation coefficient analysis, simple mediation analysis, and moderated mediation analysis. The results of this study revealed that hope mediated the association between the transformative power of suffering and posttraumatic growth in family caregivers of cancer patients, whereas age moderated this relationship. Psychosocial support programs for cancer caregivers could benefit from incorporating interventions that explore the transformative potential of suffering and cultivate hope. Tailoring these interventions to address the specific needs of different age groups may enhance their effectiveness. Future researchers should investigate the factors associated with posttraumatic growth in caregivers across diverse cultures, age ranges, and cancer diagnoses.
... Hope theory developed by Snyder et al. (1991) conceptualises hope as having three aspects: future goals, strategies to reach those goals, and a sense of agency that supports the implementation of strategies. In contrast, optimism is more like wishful thinking without any pathway to achievement. ...
... The second relationship common to both schools was the influence of practical service on hope for the future. This strong, positive relationship is consistent with other research that suggests providing students with frequent opportunities to engage in service learning will promote hope for the future (Miceli & Castelfranchi, 2010;Snyder et al., 1991). The findings suggest that hope for the future is promoted when students engage with practical acts of service (through service learning) as these provide opportunities for students to engage in social change and understand their capacity in addressing problems in their community and the wider world. ...
... The findings suggest that hope for the future is promoted when students engage with practical acts of service (through service learning) as these provide opportunities for students to engage in social change and understand their capacity in addressing problems in their community and the wider world. According to (Miceli & Castelfranchi, 2010;Snyder et al., 1991), these opportunities help students recognise the possibility to be agents of change as they understand the challenges they face in addressing problems, develop plans for change and pathways for action, and enacting these strategies through service-learning projects. Our findings suggest that schools wishing to promote hope for the future should provide opportunities for service learning that explicitly teaches students how they can make a difference in the world. ...
Hope for the future provides a protective factor against mental health disorders and contributes to students’ academic success and wellbeing. We investigated whether a school’s climate influenced students’ prosocial moral identity and hope for the future to understand better how church-based schools might improve these important outcomes. Data were collected from 1080 students in two church-based schools (672 enrolled in one school and 408 in the other) using two instruments: one to assess students’ perceptions of school climate features unique to church-based schools and another to assess students’ self-reports of their moral identity and hope for the future. The results generated using structural equation modelling suggest direct positive and significant relationships between school climate factors, moral identity and hope for the future. However, there were differences between school climate factors that influenced these outcomes for the two schools, suggesting that the context of the school needs to be considered. The findings also suggest that moral identity is a positive predictor of and mediates the influence of the school climate on hope for the future. This study is significant as it adds to the understanding of how malleable features of school climates unique to church-based schools can be leveraged to promote the development of students’ moral identity and hope for the future.
... Hope, conceptualized as both a trait and a state, contributes to well-being and resilience and is negatively associated with PTSD symptoms, representing a psychological factor while mitigating the impact of trauma by fostering resilience and adaptive coping mechanisms. Thus, individuals with higher levels of hope tend to exhibit lower levels of PTSD symptoms [4,5]. The Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS) measures 2 main components of hope: agency (goal-directed energy) and pathways (planning to accomplish goals), providing a comprehensive assessment of an individual's hope levels [5]. ...
... Thus, individuals with higher levels of hope tend to exhibit lower levels of PTSD symptoms [4,5]. The Adult Dispositional Hope Scale (ADHS) measures 2 main components of hope: agency (goal-directed energy) and pathways (planning to accomplish goals), providing a comprehensive assessment of an individual's hope levels [5]. Empirical evidence supports the effectiveness of hope-based interventions in reducing PTSD symptoms and improving psychological functioning. ...
... Hope is a positive emotional state characterized by the belief that one's current circumstances can improve and that positive outcomes are possible. It is an essential component of resilience, enabling individuals to cope with challenges and setbacks and maintain a sense of optimism and motivation (Engel et al. 2021;Fellers et al. 2009;Snyder et al. 1991). The COVID-19 pandemic has challenged athletes in unprecedented ways, and many have experienced feelings of hopelessness and despair. ...
... Hope was measured by seven items from Snyder et al. (1991). These seven items were scored on a 1 (absolutely incorrect) to 5 (absolutely correct) Likert scale. ...
The pervasive impact of COVID-19 and economic sanctions has significantly influenced the well-being of Iranian athletes, leaving lasting imprints on both their physical and mental health. During this challenging time, this comprehensive study delves into the nuanced disparities among various cohorts of Iranian athletes across multiple dimensions, including insomnia severity, psychological distress, anxiety, depression, intrusive thoughts, life satisfaction, and hope. Stratifying the participants based on their professionalism level, age, education, sports activity engagement, and COVID-19 infection status, our survey-based findings from a cohort of 280 athletes reveal compelling insights: Male athletes exhibit higher levels of distress, anxiety, and depression compared to their female counterparts. Professional athletes manifest elevated psychological distress, anxiety, and depression in contrast to semi-professional and amateur athletes. Insomnia severity is more prevalent among professional athletes, concurrently accompanied by higher levels of hope within this group. Young athletes and those with higher educational attainment report increased intrusive thoughts. Local and national athletes demonstrate higher levels of life satisfaction and hope compared to their international counterparts. Athletes not infected with Coronavirus experience heightened psychological distress compared to their COVID-19-infected counterparts. This nuanced exploration underscores the intricate interplay between various factors and their profound implications for the mental well-being of Iranian athletes in the face of global health challenges and economic constraints. By recognizing the vulnerabilities exposed during the pandemic and sanctions, policymakers can work toward a more resilient and robust sports sector, ensuring that the mental health and psychosocial well-being of athletes remain at the forefront of policy considerations.
... Patient hope-which can be considered a goal-oriented way of thinking [12,13]-is focused on health [13,14]. Increased level of hope is associated with reduced negative effects of kidney disease on daily life, including fluid and dietary restrictions, and better physiological manifestations among patients with CKD [6,15,16]. ...
... Patient hope-which can be considered a goal-oriented way of thinking [12,13]-is focused on health [13,14]. Increased level of hope is associated with reduced negative effects of kidney disease on daily life, including fluid and dietary restrictions, and better physiological manifestations among patients with CKD [6,15,16]. ...
Background
In chronic kidney disease (CKD), the durability of patient adherence to fluid and dietary restrictions may depend on the degree to which they have hope that they will enjoy life. Previous cross-sectional studies have shown that higher hope was associated with lower distress from fluid and dietary restrictions and better adherence in the short term. In this study, we aimed to examine the long-term relationship of hope with distress from fluid and dietary restrictions.
Methods
This prospective observational cohort study included 444 patients with CKD undergoing dialysis in one of five Japanese nephrology centers. Hope as a predictor was measured using an 18-item health-related hope scale. Outcomes were two-item measures of distress from fluid and dietary intake restrictions using the Japanese version of the Kidney Disease Quality of Life Short Form, Version 1.3 (higher scores indicate lower levels of distress). Multivariate linear mixed models were used to estimate the association of baseline health-related hope with distress from fluid and dietary restrictions at baseline and follow-up.
Results
The mean age of the participants was 67 years, and 31.1% of them were females. In total, 124, 98, and 222 had non-dialysis CKD, peritoneal dialysis, and hemodialysis, respectively. Higher levels of baseline health-related hope were associated with lower levels of distress from fluid restriction after one year (per 10-point increase, 2.6 points (95% confidence interval, 1.0 to 4.1)); whereas the baseline score was not associated with the distress from fluid restriction at 2 years. Similarly, higher levels of baseline health-related hope were associated with lower levels of distress from dietary restriction after one year (per 10-point increase, 2.0 points (95% confidence interval, 0.3 to 3.6)); whereas the baseline score was not associated with the distress from dietary restriction at 2 years.
Conclusions
Health-related hope, regardless of depression, can potentially mitigate long-term distress from fluid and dietary restrictions in patients with a wide range of CKD severities.
Trial registration
UMIN000054710.
... Hope can be defined as an individual's attitude towards changes in the contemporary labor market. It consists of two crucial aspects, namely agency thinking, which refers to the determination to initiate and sustain the effort required to achieve goals and aspirations, and path thinking, which is required to achieve a goal (Snyder et al. 1991). It is a "guidance-drive resource" in that it helps individuals to plan goals, mobilize other resources, and enact behaviors to achieve goals. ...
Introduction
Career transitions are considered to be the most challenging tasks in adolescence. Personal resources are important factors in coping with the difficulties encountered during transitions and help individuals to adjust more smoothly to these transitions. Using a person‐centered approach, this study aims to identify typologies of personal resources in adolescents, that is career adaptability, hope, optimism and resilience and their association with personal adjustment.
Methods
Six hundred and twenty six Italian adolescents (M = 17.18; SD = 0.52) participated in the study. First, a latent profile analysis was conducted using personal resources. Then, a MANOVA was conducted to capture the association of resource profiles with life satisfaction and anxiety/depression.
Results
The results of the profile analysis revealed four profiles of personal resources. Pessimists (n = 123), Unbalanced (n = 63), Career Maladjusted (n = 187), and Career Adjusted (n = 253). The profile with high resources (Career Adjusted) show a higher personal adjustment, while profiles with low resources show lower personal adjustment. In particular, the Unbalanced profile, characterized by the lowest level of hope and resilience, shows the lowest personal adjustment with medium‐high anxiety/depression and low life satisfaction.
Conclusions
The results suggest that career adaptability resources alone may not be sufficient to promote good personal adaptation and therefore the readiness to cope with career transitions in adolescence, but that these should be accompanied, in particular, by good levels of hope and resilience.
... A composite of forgiveness was formed by summarizing and averaging the three subscales. Participants completed the Adult Hope Scale (Snyder et al., 1991). This 12-item measure asked participants on their typical cognitive appraisals about personal capabilities to accomplish goals (agency subscale) and perceived paths to eventual success and goal attainment (pathways subscale). ...
Who am I and what is my place in the world?” Such questions about identity emerge for adolescents and continue to be important for emerging adults. Personality development is related to identity development, such that people of similar ages and in similar environments differ in their progress forming a stable identity, just as they differ in being extraverted or hopeful. Many projects center on the role of personality traits when considering relations of personality and identity development. Still, there are additional forms of personality worth considering. We considered how personality traits, character, and narrative identity were related to reported identity statuses among college adults. Two hundred eighty-eight college adults (M age = 18.4 years = 78.3% women) responded to personality questionnaires, identity questionnaires, and two autobiographical narrative prompts. Participants were then clustered into four identity statuses: diffusion; moratorium; foreclosure; achievement. Reported identity status was associated with individual differences in endorsed traits, endorsed character, and expressed narrative identity. Multiple personality measures were higher among endorsed achievement identity status. When considered simultaneously, trait neuroticism, the character of hope, and narrated agency were uniquely related to endorsements of identity statuses. Our findings affirmed that among adults of similar ages, operating in similar environments, and holding similar roles as students, differences in personality were related to differences in identity progress, reflected here as identity status. Findings highlight the benefits of considering multiple levels of personality for a richer view of how people within similar developmental periods might differ in identity progress.
... Adult Hope Scale. The Adult Hope Scale is a 12-item measure of hope, defined as 'a positive motivational state' based on a sense of 'successful agency' and planning to meet goals (Snyder, 1991;2002). It is a widely used scale with an internal consistency that ranges from .74-.84 (Snyder, 2002); Cronbach's alpha in our study was .70. ...
Scholars and practitioners have argued that higher education in prison (HEP) can transform incarcerated people and prepare them to re-enter society in productive ways. While we agree that a liberal arts education can create transformative experiences, transformation is a tricky metric. Focusing on transformation could cause administrators and professors to place their own goals and biases on students and constrain the transformative potential of a liberal arts education. However, viewing education as a mechanistic device to help incarcerated students attain jobs without engaging larger questions of personal growth and fulfillment does a disservice to incarcerated students. Through a combination of surveys and focus groups in one college in prison program, our project explores transformation as a category of analysis with particular focus on how students themselves talked about transformation. Our data suggest that a liberal arts education within the prison can be transformation in measurable ways. However, administrators and professors must view students as partners and active participants in their education. In this article, we investigate transformation as a category of analysis; discuss ways administrators and professors can support student growth; and explore the transformative potential of HEP on the prison environment itself.
... It is only when dissatisfaction is coupled with a belief that change is possible, and a vision of what a better future might look like, that the will to change can become a reality. A different way of putting it, from the field of organizational psychology, is that people are imbued with a sense of hope (Snyder et al. 1991, Reichard et al. 2013). A critical part of this is that the sense of the future be shared. ...
... The Hope Scale (HS). 35 This scale consisted of eight items that evaluate the construct of hope and four ®ller items. Patients rated each item according to how accurately it described them, using a scale from 1 (de®nitely false) to 8 (de®nitely true). ...
The relationship between disability and depression was studied in 188 patients with clinically definite multiple sclerosis (MS). Patients were administered the Zung Self-Rating Depression Scale, Ways of Coping, Uncertainty of Illness Scale, and Hope Scale during their regular clinic appointments. Their current level of disability was rated by the attending physician using the Expanded Disability Status Scale. Even when the depression measure was corrected for items overlapping with other symptoms or consequences of MS, depression was correlated with disability. Depression was also correlated with an array of psychological variables, including uncertainty concerning ones illness, hope, and the use of various emotion-centered, though not problem-centered coping strategies. Multiple regression analyses revealed that none of these psychological correlates mediated or moderated the relationship between disability and depression. Instead, disability, uncertainty, hope, and emotion-centered coping were significant independent predictors of depression, together accounting for approximately 40% of the variance in patients' self-reported depression. The relationship between disability and depression in MS is usually interpreted as evidence that depression is psychogenic and reactive to the demands and limitations of this disease. The demonstration that this relationship is not diminished when an array of potentially intervening psychological variables are included in the analysis raises questions concerning the validity of this interpretation.
... Among enrolled participants, we recorded HRV at baseline, 1-, and 3-months post HCT to align with RCT time points and salient clinical milestones (stem cell engraftment and transition to less intensive HCT care). PROs were collected at baseline and 3 months and included validated surveys of anxiety and depression (Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS)) [16], quality of life (Pediatric Quality of Life (PedsQL) Generic and Cancer Module Teen Reports) [17], hope (Snyder Hope Scale) [18], and resilience [Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RISC)] [19]. ...
Introduction
Adolescents and young adults (AYAs) receiving hematopoietic cell transplantation (HCT) are at high risk for poor psychosocial outcomes. Heart rate variability (HRV), a surrogate for autonomic nervous system activity, is a promising digital biomarker that has been linked to important outcomes. The objectives of this study were to prospectively describe the trajectory of HRV among AYAs receiving HCT and explore the association between HRV and patient‐reported outcomes (PROs).
Methods
This was a multi‐site study embedded in a randomized trial among AYAs receiving HCT (NCT03640325). We collected sequential 24‐h HRV metrics, including the standard deviation of normal‐to‐normal beats (SDNN), root‐mean‐square of successive differences (RMSSD), as well as frequency domain measures. PRO surveys queried anxiety, depression, quality of life, hope, and resilience at baseline and 3 months. We summarized outcomes using descriptive statistics, and Pearson correlation coefficients were used to examine the relationship between HRV and PROs.
Results
Thirty‐nine HRV recordings were collected from n = 16 participants aged 12–21 years. There was a moderately strong correlation between inferior baseline HRV and higher anxiety and depression (anxiety: r = −0.35 (p = 0.18) for SDNN, r = −0.47 (p = 0.07) for RMSSD; depression: r = −0.26 (p = 0.34) for SDNN, r = −0.39 (p = 0.14) for RMSSD). Among participants with elevated baseline anxiety, higher HRV suggested greater improvement in anxiety over time (r = −0.66 (p = 0.08) for SDNN, r = −0.31 (p = 0.45) for RMSSD).
Conclusions
There was a correlation between HRV and PROs in this study, and among those with elevated anxiety, HRV predicted improvement over time. Digital biomarkers may augment behavioral intervention design and implementation.
... Scores on this scale range from 8 to 64. The validity of the questionnaire was confirmed in Snyder et al.'s (1991) study through confirmatory and exploratory factor analysis. Abdulkhalid and Snyder reported a significant correlation between this scale and positive affect, optimism, life satisfaction, and self-esteem. ...
... Contemporary hope theory, as developed by Charles R. Snyder, is a concept within positive psychology that defines hope as a positive motivational state. 5 Hope consists of two main components: (a) Agency: a belief in one's ability to initiate and sustain actions towards achieving goals, and (b) Pathways: the ability to generate multiple routes or strategies to reach those goals. This involves planning and finding ways to overcome obstacles. ...
This is an article that documents the journey of forensic hope as part of the author's long-term research into this subject. The author discusses to what extent hope theory could transform the lives of people in and released from prison, with the aim to increase awareness of hope theory in forensic environments.
... The agency aspect refers to the energy that is directed towards achieving the desired goal, while the pathways aspect relates to the plans made to achieve that goal. [7]. Children who score high on the agency aspect will have positive energy in pursuing their goals [2]. ...
Hope in children has an important role to increase many positive aspects in life. Hope in children can also increase academic success. There has not been much research on hope in children in Indonesia. Snyder et al. (1997) made two hope measuring tools, the first is hope for adults called the Adult Hope Scale (AHS) and hope for children called the Children's Hope Scale (CHS). AHS has been adapted into Indonesia by Novrianto and Menaldi (2022). Meanwhile, CHS has not yet been adapted into Indonesia. The purpose of this study is the adaptation of the Children's Hope Scale into Indonesia with the Indonesian population as the subject. The research subjects were aged between 8 and 16 years according to the theory by Snyder et al. (1997), male and female, totaling 297 children. Data analysis was done using confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) with the help of Jamovi software. The results of the analysis showed that the Children's Hope Scale can measure the hope of children in Indonesia (RMSEA = 0.15 [moderate fit]; SRMR = 0.04; TLI = 0.91; CFI = 0.94).
... In describing hope theory, Snyder (2002) contended that three primary components make up hope: goals, pathways, and agency (also see Snyder et al., 1991). According to Snyder (2002), hope theory assumes that people act in accordance with their goals. ...
The City of Saint Paul’s CollegeBound Boost (Boost for short) program is the first to test combining Children’s Savings Accounts (CSAs) with a monthly guaranteed income payment (250 per quarter; asset support) to families living at 300% of the poverty line or below. The current study examines how Boost participants perceive fulfilling their current and future needs with income and assets. We also explore how Boost study participants describe the concept of tangible hope for their family’s future. Semi-structured interviews with 32 Boost participants reveal that families perceive income’s role in meeting their current needs and using assets to prepare for their future needs. Study participants also described five characteristics that may better help define what tangible hope consists of: 1) a sense of comfort/security about the future, 2) a future that is brought into clearer focus, 3) a future that is attainable on some level, 4) a sense that one has a stake in the future, and 5) a sense that something more is possible (i.e. increased ability to hope). A policy implication of this study is that families participating in programs that combine present income and future asset strategies (such as Boost) might help families perceive their future as more secure and attainable with a clearer focus and realize they have a greater stake in their future with institutional support.
... Outcome measures of parental well-being contained measures of both psychological illness and psychological well-being (Ryff and Singer, 1996). Parental outcomes were measured by various scales in the areas of anxiety, depression, stress, maladjustment, general health, mental wellbeing, quality of life, satisfaction with life, hope, self-compassion, self-efficacy, and sense of competence (Abidin, 1983;Beck et al., 1961;Diener et al., 1985;Dumka et al., 1996;Echeburúa et al., 2000;Emser et al., 2016;Goldberg et al., 1997;Johnston and Mash, 1989;Lovibond and Lovibond, 1995;Neff, 2003;Pedersen et al., 1989;Radloff, 1977;Ravens-Sieberer et al., 2001;Ryff, 1989;Snyder et al., 1991;Stein and Riessman, 1980;Tennant et al., 2007;Tobin et al. 1989;Varni et al., 1999;Zigmond and Snaith, 1983). For a list of scales, see Supplemental Table 2. ...
The aim of this review was to identify the type, content, and effectiveness of psychological parenting interventions for parents of children with intellectual disabilities to enhance child behavior and/or parental well-being. A systematic search yielded 21 studies involving 1825 participants. Studies were evaluated according to intervention content, pre- and post-treatment and follow-up effect sizes, and risk of bias. We categorized the interventions into those targeting ‘Child or interaction’ (child behavior, interaction and learning, understanding disability), and those targeting ‘Parent’ (parental well-being) or both themes. All these interventions had positive effects on parental well-being or child behavior. Parental outcomes were improved by interventions targeting ‘Parental well-being’, as well as ‘Child or interaction’. Child behavior showed improvements in programs focusing on ‘Child or interaction’, and in a mindfulness-based parental well-being program. During follow-up, most effects were sustained or further increased, but some studies showed no improvements over the control group.
... For questions 3, 7, and 11, the scoring is reversed: 1 (I completely agree), 2 (I agree), 3 (I have no opinion), 4 (I disagree), and 5 (I completely disagree). 21 The total score is calculated by summing the scores of all 12 items, with higher scores indicating greater levels of hope. Specifically, a score between 12 and 24 indicates a low level of hope, a score between 24 and 36 represents an average level of hope, and a score above 36 signifies a high level of hope. ...
Background
The present study investigates the effect of resilience training in improving the ability to cope with stress and hope of mothers with cancer children.
Methods
In this interventional study, 70 mothers parenting children with cancer were selected as available and randomly classified into the control and experimental groups. The mothers of the two groups completed the parenting stress and hope questionnaire. In the test group, nine sessions of resilience training were held by the researcher for 60 min. One month after the intervention, they were again asked to complete the parenting stress and hope questionnaires. Moreover, in the control group, the mothers completed the parenting stress and hope questionnaires again 2 months later without any intervention.
Result
The difference between the average scores of hope and parental stress showed that the mean score of hope in the intervention and control groups increased by about 5.45 and 2.74 units, and the hope variable was improved in both groups. The mean score of parental stress in the intervention group decreased by 39.62 units. However, in the control group, it increased by 2.45 units, and parental stress in this group declined.
Conclusion
Resilience training significantly reduced the level of parental stress and increased the level of hope in the mothers of the test group. Therefore, it is recommended to use resilience in reducing the level of parental stress and increasing the hope level of mothers with children with cancer.
... "Hope" is positive future expectancy, theorized as an individual's agency and capacity to reach their goals within their structural context [1]. Hopefulness is linked to resilience during diagnosis, treatment, and long term prognosis of various health conditions [2,3]. ...
Hope is a powerful psychological construct which is linked to positive health. Greater hope is associated with improved antiretroviral therapy adherence; however, less is known about the impact of hope on oral pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) outcomes. HIV Prevention Trials Network 082, was an open-label PrEP study among young women (ages 16–25) in South Africa and Zimbabwe. Hope was measured at baseline and follow-up using a subset of the Hope for the Future Scale (score range 6–24) and PrEP willingness was measured using a subscale of the HIV Prevention Readiness Measure (score range 6–30). Intracellular tenofovir-diphosphate (TFV-DP) concentrations were obtained from dried blood spot samples at weeks 13, 26, and 52; high PrEP adherence was defined as TFV-DP concentrations ≥ 700 fmol/punch. Persistence was defined as TFV-DP > 16 fmol/punch at weeks 26 and 52. Linear regression and generalized estimating equations were used to assess the relationship between hope and PrEP willingness, adherence, and persistence. The median age of participants (n = 432) was 21 years (interquartile range [IQR]: 19–22). The mean hope score at baseline was 21.0 (SD = 3.4). Although hope was positively associated with PrEP willingness (β = 0.22, 95% CI 0.15, 0.37), it was not associated with high PrEP adherence (aRR = 1.00, 95% CI 0.96, 1.05), or persistence at follow-up (aRR = 1.02, 95% CI 0.99, 1.05). While cultivating hope may be an important strategy in building willingness to take oral PrEP, it may not be enough to sustain PrEP adherence or persistence.
... However, the authors did not find any differences in benefit-finding. 54 In a cross-cultural study, Baník and Gajdošová 56 used the PTGI-Czech version, 57 the Benefit Finding Scale for Children-Czech version, 56 Distress Tolerance Scale (DTS), 58 the Adult Hope Trait Scale (AHTS), 59 and the Revised Life Orientation Test (LOT-R) 60 to investigate the differences in levels of post-traumatic growth based on cancer type, treatment, and demographic characteristics of adult patients diagnosed with hematological cancer. Their findings suggested that the patients' cancer type, treatment type, and sociodemographic traits did not affect their levels of post-traumatic growth. ...
The current study sought to examine the extent to which type 1 diabetes is experienced as a complex trauma by adults living with the invisible illness and whether medication unaffordability affects an individual’s experience. The study also assessed how connecting with others who share the same illness impacts the development of post-traumatic growth and meaning in life, and whether medication unaffordability could influence the development of both. Adults with type 1 diabetes responded to a series of sociodemographic questions and questions about their experiences with the illness, along with the Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder (PTSD) Checklist for the DSM-5,1 the Post-Traumatic Growth Inventory,2 and the Meaning in Life Questionnaire.3 About one-third of individuals with type 1 diabetes experience the autoimmune condition as traumatic. There was a significant negative correlation between PTSD, and socioeconomic status and medication unaffordability. Length of involvement in the type 1 diabetes community impacted their presence of meaning in life, but had no meaningful effect on post-traumatic growth. Findings revealed interesting relationships between post-traumatic growth and meaning in life, and annual household income, level of education, insulin rationing, and economic sacrifices, respectively. Clinical and social justice implications, limitations, and future research directions are discussed.
... It plays a crucial role in educational contexts by providing individuals with a sense of direction and purpose. Studies have shown that higher levels of hope are associated with greater academic motivation, engagement, and achievement [34]. Students with high levels of hope are more likely to set challenging goals, develop effective strategies, and persist in the face of obstacles. ...
Inclusive education for students with autism spectrum disorders (ASD) has increasingly received attention nationwide in China. Schools realize that teachers are under stress and lack the skills to handle daily interactions with these students. So far, few studies have directed efforts to provide a remedy for teachers to improve their daily work. This study aimed to design and implement a 2-hour web-based training on psychological capital (PsyCap) to protect their well-being and foster their supportive behavior for ASD students in the inclusive class. A total of 120 targeted teachers were invited to participate in the training and were randomly divided into control and treatment groups. Pre-, post-, and follow-up surveys were distributed before, after, and one week after the training. ANOVA results suggested that teachers showed a significant increase in their PsyCap scores after completing the training, although the training effect slightly decreased after one week. Moreover, higher levels of PsyCap showed a positive influence on teachers’ emotional stability and supportive behavior in class. The results highlighted the effectiveness of web-based PsyCap training in boosting teacher positivity, which enhances teacher support for students in inclusive education.
... The AHS is a 12-item measure comprising four agencythinking items, four pathways-thinking items, and four filler items (23). Participants respond to each item using an eight-point Likert-type scale ranging from definitely false to definitely true. ...
Background
Hope is correlated with quality of life and overall survivorship among patients with cancer. We aimed to identify sociodemographic and clinical determinants of hope among patients with gastrointestinal (GI) cancer.
Methods
Patients with GI cancer seen in radiation oncology between 10/2022 and 6/2023 were surveyed with the Adult Hope Scale (AHS) questionnaire, which assesses hope based on goal-setting and goal-striving beliefs. Linear regression and Pearson’s/Spearman’s correlation coefficients were used to evaluate associations between AHS scores and demographic or disease variables.
Results
One-hundred and forty-five (71.1% response rate) patients were included in the analysis. Most (75%) patients were symptomatic from disease, and Asian American and Pacific Islander (AAPI) patients accounted for 30.3% of our cohort. Identifying as AAPI or needing an interpreter for clinic visits was significantly associated with lower AHS scores, and more AAPI patients required interpreter assistance compared to non-AAPI patients (P=0.04). Being divorced, unemployed, or female was also linked to less hope. No other differences in hope were found.
Conclusions
Sociodemographic rather than prognostic clinical factors were predictive of hope among patients with GI cancer. Interventions to contextualize psychosocial risk factors have the potential to improve quality of life and oncologic outcomes.
Suicide is a leading cause of death among men globally, highlighting the need for acceptable and effective suicide prevention. This study explored perceptions of the short- and long-term outcomes and acceptability of the James’ Place Model (JPM), a therapeutic intervention delivered within a community-setting for men experiencing suicidal crisis. Also, factors influencing engagement of suicidal men in research were explored. A mixed methods longitudinal case study design was used. Quantitative data was collated through baseline, 3- and 6-month follow up questionnaires distributed to 28 men receiving the JPM. Measures of resilience, hope, generalised self-efficacy, self-compassion, loneliness, perceived social support, entrapment, and the 10-item clinical outcomes in routine evaluation measure were taken, and merged with routine service data. Two semi-structured interviews informed development of case studies exploring men’s perceived acceptabilityand short- and long-term effectiveness of the JPM, and factors relating to suicide research engagement. Descriptive analyses showed mean total scores of entrapment and self-compassion decreased and increased at 3-month follow-up respectively. Mean total scores of entrapment further decreased at 6-month follow-up, while mean scores of self-compassion remained similar to 3-month follow-up. Case studies highlight the perceived acceptability, and short- and long-term outcomes of the JPM suggesting use of the lay your cards on the table component help men to articulate the drivers of their suicidality. Men also discussed continued application of strategies developed during receipt of the JPM long-term including safety planning. The JPM is perceived as acceptable among men experiencing suicidal crisis and future work should seek to determine whether its short-term effectiveness is sustained long-term.
Purpose
This study investigates the causal relationships between self‐compassion, antisocial personality, guilt, and hope, and their influence on repeat offending among female inmates involved in drug‐related cases in Thailand.
Methods
The sample comprised 646 Thai female inmates aged between 28 and 52 years from five correctional institutions in the Bangkok Metropolitan Region. Instruments included the Self‐Compassion Scale, the Antisocial Personality Scale, the Guilt Scale, the Hope Scale, and the Recidivism Tendency Scale.
Results
The causal relationship analysis reveals that self‐compassion directly influences guilt ( β = −0.303, p < .05), but does not directly impact hope or recidivism. Antisocial personality has a direct influence on guilt ( β = −0.828, p < .001) and hope ( β = −0.723, p < .001), and indirectly influences repeat offending with hope acting as a mediator variable ( β = 0.414). Guilt directly influences recidivism ( β = −0.541, p < .05), as does hope ( β = −0.573, p < .001). Among the six hypotheses tested, only one was supported by the research findings.
Discussion and Conclusion
The findings indicate that there are additional variables, not examined in this study, that could have a causal relationship influencing recidivism and warrant further investigation. Future research should emphasize the specific social and cultural contexts that impact data analysis. The results suggest that to reduce recidivism, it is important to focus on reducing impulsive and antisocial personality traits, promoting hope and guilt awareness, and fostering self‐compassion.
Aim: The present study aimed to provide a structural model for predicting suicide ideation based on emotion regulation and self-compassion with the mediating role of perceived social support in individuals with gender dysphoria. Methods: The research was descriptive and correlational, and its statistical population consisted of all people with gender dysphoria in Tehran in 2020-2021 with an approximate number of 150,000. The sample size of 300 was selected based on Klein's perspective (2016) using the convenience non-random sampling method (online method), and they responded to suicidal ideation scale by Beck et al. (1979), emotion regulation questionnaire by Gross and John (2003), the Neff self-compassion scale (2003), and the Multidimensional Social Support Scale by Zimet et al. (1988). The proposed model was then analyzed by structural equation modeling using SPSS and AMOS 24. Result: The results indicated significant direct path coefficients of cognitive reappraisal (β=-0.172, P=0.001), emotional suppression (β=0.568, P=0.001), self-compassion (β=-0.600, P=0.001), and perceived social support (β=-0.361, P=0.001) on suicide ideation. Furthermore, the indirect effects of emotion regulation and self-compassion were significant through the mediating role of perceived social support on suicidal ideation (P=0.01). Conclusion: The modified structural model of the study had a favorable and acceptable fit with the research data and it was an important step in detecting the determinants of suicide ideation in people with gender dysphoria.
Background
The challenges that young adults encounter today present greater risks to their mental wellbeing compared to those experienced by previous generations. For those young adults living with mental health disorders, they suffer even more when having to deal with its burdens. Many of these young adults face floods of negative and powerful emotions, discrimination and isolation; however, they are likely to cope well with these difficult situations if they are resilient.
Aim
This study purported to report on resilience among young adults living with mental disorders in the City of Tshwane.
Setting
The study was conducted in Atteridgeville in the City of Tshwane, Gauteng province in South Africa.
Methods
A qualitative exploratory and descriptive research was conducted among 10 purposefully sampled young adults aged between 18 years and 34 years old. Data were collected using individual, semi-structured interviews in primary healthcare clinics and analysed using Tesch’s method.
Results
Two themes, namely, harnessing purpose in building resilience and confidence enhances positive interactions along with four related sub-theme emerged from the results. The themes indicated how a sense of purposefulness and confidence help young adults living with mental health disorders build resilience.
Conclusion
For young adults to be resilient, approaches such as psychotherapy for treating mental health issues need to incorporate strategies to develop a sense of purpose and confidence.
Contribution
This study elucidated the role of purposefulness and confidence in building resilience, and further provided some suggestions on strategies that could be used to build resilience in conjunction with medical management of mental health disorders among young adults.
Purpose
This article examines how psychological capital (PsyCap) – comprising hope, efficacy, resilience and optimism (HERO) – can be effectively illustrated and taught through the film Of Gods and Men (Beauvois, 2010). In addition to defining the core principles of PsyCap and exploring their benefits within a leadership framework, we offer practical classroom applications for teaching leadership theory to adult learners using film and facilitated activities.
Design/methodology/approach
Drawing from the principles of PsyCap (Luthans, Youssef-Morgan, & Avolio 2015), this article applies these concepts to the leadership themes in Of Gods and Men . PsyCap has proven to be a valuable resource for fostering resilience in individuals and communities, particularly during and in the aftermath of trauma. By leveraging popular cultural artifacts (PCAs) such as film, these principles can be made accessible through engaging learning activities. Our literature review of each PsyCap principle highlights how the HERO model can be applied in communal settings, while examples from the film are used to inform activities that promote community resilience and equip future leaders to navigate adversity in high-stakes situations.
Findings
PsyCap has proven to be a valuable tool for helping individuals and communities develop resilience during and in the aftermath of trauma. The principles can be taught via film and other accessible learning activities by utilizing PCAs.
Originality/value
Community resilience can enhance bonds within communities and their constituents and can empower future leaders to traverse adversity with confidence.
Tıbbi satış mümessillerinin pozitif psikolojik sermayelerinin işe angaje olmalarına etkisinde duygusal emeklerinin aracılık rolünün incelenmesi amacıyla yapılan araştırma 301 kişi üzerinde gerçekleştirilmiştir. Araştırma kapsamında veri toplama aracı olarak anket tekniği kullanılmıştır. Ulaşılan verilerin çözümlenmesinde SPSS 25, SPSS Process makro eklentisi ve AMOS 24 programlarından yararlanılmıştır. Öncelikli olarak ölçeklerin geçerlik ve güvenirlik testleri yapılmış, sonrasında değişkenler arası ilişkiler ve hipotez testleri gerçekleştirilmiştir. Yapılan analizler sonucunda elde edilen bulgulara göre pozitif psikolojik sermayenin duygusal emek üzerinde anlamlı ve negatif yönde, duygusal emeğin işe angaje olma üzerinde anlamlı ve pozitif yönde etkili olduğu tespit edilmiştir. Pozitif psikolojik sermayenin işe angaje olma üzerinde anlamlı bir etkisinin olmadığı görülmüştür. Ayrıca pozitif psikolojik sermayenin işe angaje olma üzerindeki etkisinde duygusal emeğin dolaylı etkisinin olduğu ortaya konulmuştur. Araştırma kapsamında ele alınan değişkenlerin birbirleriyle olan ilişkilerinin araştırıldığı çalışmalara rastlanmakla birlikte değişkenler arasındaki aracılık etkisinin incelendiği bir çalışmaya rastlanmaması ve evren olarak tıbbi satış mümessillerinin ele alınması, daha sonra yapılacak araştırmalar için karşılaştırma imkânı sunmasıyla literatüre katkı sağlayacağı düşünülmektedir.
Hope and optimism are central to processes of reform. However, in the context of the dramatic restructuring and reorganizations that the probation service in England and Wales has undergone in the past decade, there are questions over the extent to which such hopes are realizable. We seek to explore the concept of hope in transforming individual’s lives away from engagement in crime. Via an analysis of interviews that were co-produced with people with experience of probation and undertaken with practitioners, those who have been supervised, and those on ‘the edge’ of the criminal justice system, we find that peoples’ hopes can be categorized as deep or institutional hopes. We argue that many probationers and staff members’ ‘deep’ hopes were ‘drowned’ by bureaucratic, managerial and risk-focussed cultures. There was evidence that probation staff wanted to instil a sense of hope in those that they supervise but that the current regime does not easily facilitate the creation and fulfilment of such hopes. We conclude by identifying ways in which probation could—given adequate resources and structures—become a more hopeful process for people under supervision.
Background
Stroke is the leading cause of death and disability among adults in China. Social isolation in stroke survivors is a major public health concern across the globe. Social isolation is associated with social support, family resilience, and levels of personal hope, but how they interact to predict social isolation in the young and middle-aged stroke survivors remains unclear.
Methods
Using cross-sectional design and convenience sampling method, a survey was conducted among 461 young and middle-aged stroke survivors. Perceived social support scale, General isolation Scale, Chinese version of Family Resilience Assessment Scale and Herth hope index were adopted to assess patients’ social, family and personal factors. SPSS 27.0 and AMOS 26.0 were used for descriptive analysis and structural equation modeling of the data.
Results
The young and middle-aged stroke survivors had a high level of social isolation(49.57 ± 5.84). In the mediating effects model, social support could influence social isolation directly (95% CI -0.250, -0.061) or indirectly through family resilience (95% CI -0.136, -0.062) or patient hope level (95% CI -0.078, -0.017). In addition, Family resilience and hope had a significant chain mediating effect between social support and social isolation (95% CI -0.029, -0.006).
Conclusions
Social support can have both direct and indirect effects on social isolation through the mediating factors of family resilience and hope. Clinicians and nurses can develop supportive interventions by taking integration of family and personal hope. On the one hand, resources can be directed to the individual patient, and on the other hand, the utilization of social support can be ensured by increasing family resilience and enhancing the coping capacity of family members and individuals.
This study interweaves strands of history, culture, and resiliency to examine the complex fabric of the Tibetan experience. The research delves into the intricacies of Tibetan existence, scrutinising the relationship of past trauma, forced relocation, and persistent obstacles encountered by the Tibetan people. The Tibetan story is characterised by a deep craving desire for cultural preservation, from the advent of Buddhism in the eighth century—ascribed to Padmasambhava—to the revolutionary events of the twentieth century, such as the Chinese occupation and subsequent succeeding exile.
An effort has been made to centres this research on the psychological environment of Tibetans, both in Tibet and in the worldwide diaspora. The collective historical trauma has permanently impacted political persecution, and the ongoing terror brought on by the Chinese occupation through their imposed culture (Goldstein, 1989) In addition, the study looks at how trauma is passed down through generations and impacted the life of Tibetans research also providing insight into the intricate dynamics influencing Tibetan youths' mental health outcomes.
The experience of the Tibetan is a woven with the interweaves of researches in resilience, culture, and is a history of a various multilayered fabrics. It helps to examine the association between the ancient trauma, forced displacement and continuous encounters faced by the people of Tibet. The research is an effort to understand the complexities of inhabitants with the sensitivity of its’ existence in Tibet. It is bizarrely perceptible as a strong desire to preserve the culture dated back to the histology of eight hundred years ago. It is attributed to the thoughtful engrossment to Padmasambhava with a strong motivational source of preserving and living with their culture. Moreover, the struggle extended to twentieth century as a revolution is a persistence desire despite Chinese occupation and exile.
According to (Goldstien, 1989), the psyche of Tibetans is a matter of global diaspora being followed by political persecution, ancient trauma and persistence of struggle with Chinese encroachment and occupational setups. The landscape of psychology is a experience of generational transformation of pain and other mental health issues related to present outcomes in upbringings of Tibetan kids. A great transaction of hope is with the Tibetans living abroad and their continuous struggle to sustain the act as they must perform between maintaining their culture and integrating into a new society with the prevenance of thoughts with same sensitivity of Tibetian Buddhism. The study of Kuang (2002) identity conflicts and the stress of acculturation, and the need of community support in fostering resilience are among the significant subjects.
This research attempts to add to a comprehensive knowledge of the difficulties experienced by the Tibetan community and to offer techniques for promoting resilience and well-being in the face of adversity by examining the many layers of the Tibetan experience. As Tibetans go into the future, the study emphasises the need of cultural resilience, mental health literacy, and strategies for decreasing barriers to mental health care.
Abstract
Introduction: Covid-19 disease is highly debated with its increasing prevalence and the damage it inflicts on life, financial and psychological resources; so, The aim of the present study is to predict life expectancy based on perceived social support and mental health among those recovering from Covid-19 disease.
Materials and Methods: The statistical population of the present study was 117 people with improved covid-19 disease, 90 of whom were the statistical sample size of the present study according to Morgan table. The present study was conducted in 1399 in Bushehr province and sampling was done based on available sampling method. The study's tools included three written perceptions of perceived social support, Zimet (1988) (MSPSS), Goldberg's Mental Health (1972) (GHQ-12), and Snyder's Life Hope Questionnaire (1991). The present study was a descriptive study and Pearson correlation coefficient and regression analysis were used to analyze the data.
Results: The results showed that perceived social support and mental health are correlated with life expectancy. It was also found that perceived social support and mental health predicted 49(P=0/000) and 36(P=-0/006) percent of life expectancy changes, respectively.
Conclusion: The findings of the present study indicate that by providing suitable grounds for improving quality, strengthening and creating the characteristics of perceived social support and mental health in those recovering from covid-19 disease, life expectancy can be expected in They improved.
This study examines the role of academic psychological capital (PsyCap) in buffering the negative impact of organizational crises (COVID‐19 pandemic) on educational outcomes in higher education institutions. Drawing on positive organizational behavior theory and crisis management literature, we hypothesize that students with higher levels of academic PsyCap will have significantly higher retention and graduation rates during the crisis, and that academic PsyCap is a better predictor of these outcomes than traditional predictors such as high school GPA and standardized test scores (Scholastic Assessment Test (SAT)). Using a longitudinal approach, we found that academic PsyCap is positively related to 1‐year retention and graduation rates. Academic PsyCap also explains additional variance in these outcomes beyond high school GPA. The findings highlight the importance of cultivating psychological resources like hope, efficacy, resilience, and optimism to promote student success and well‐being during challenging times.
In this article, I develop a neglected aspect of the value of hope in Kant’s philosophy. I do so by homing in on Section III of the 1793 essay “On the Common Saying.” In my interpretation, Kant argues that if one recognizes obligations to help future generations while also encountering people who violate these obligations, one is more likely to isolate oneself from society—what Kant calls the hatred of humanity or misanthropy. Thus, the article argues that hope is valuable for combating misanthropy, especially in the pursuit of intergenerational moral goals.
Background
Patients with cancer require emotional support in addition to specialised medical treatments for their physical ailments. The quality of nursing care, resilience and hope can influence a person's cancer trajectory, and understanding these factors and their relationship can be influential in improving the process for these patients.
Aim
This study examined the relationship between the quality of oncology nursing care and resilience and hope in patients with cancer.
Methods
The present study is a descriptive analytics study conducted on 160 patients with cancer from April–August 2023. The data collection tools included four questionnaires: a demographic information questionnaire, the Connor-Davidson Resilience Scale (CD-RSC), the Snyder Hope Scale, and the Oncology Nursing Care Quality Scale. The data were analysed using SPSS version 22 statistical software.
Results
In examining the relationship between demographic ‘variables’ and ‘resilience’, marital status and place of residence had statistically significant correlations (P<0.05). Place of residence, education level, job and first cancer treatment (P=0.004) had statistically significant correlations with hope (P<0.05). There was no statistically significant relationship between the quality of oncology nursing (QON) and its domain with two variables: ‘resilience’ (P=0.76) and ‘hope’ (P=0.37). However, a statistically significant relationship existed between the variables ‘resilience’ and ‘hope’ (P<0.001). The linear regression model results showed that among the entered demographic variables, only the variable ‘hope’ predicted resilience (P<0.001; R=27%). Additionally, the ‘resilience’ variables (P<0.001) and the ‘first cancer treated’ variable (P=0.001; R=34%) were predictors of ‘hope’.
Conclusion
Given the interrelationship between ‘resilience’ and ‘hope’ for patients with cancer, it is necessary to focus on the factors that impact these qualities. In addition, paying attention to the concept of resilience can improve the level of hope in patients with cancer. Based on the results, it is recommended that interventions to increase QON in patients with cancer be planned and implemented.
Purpose
This study aims to identify specific sub‐types of hope levels in breast cancer (BC) patients and explore the influencing factors.
Methods
Between August and December 2023, 528 BC patients took part in this study. Latent Profile Analysis (LPA) was employed using the Herth Hope Index, Distress Thermometer, Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale, Social Support Rating Scale, BC survivors' self‐efficacy scale and Functional Assessment of Cancer Therapy‐Breast to identify clusters of hope levels.
Results
Three potential categories of hope levels were identified: Low Hope Level—Harmonious‐Calm Type (33.71%); Moderate Hope Level–Isolation Fear Type (37.12%); and High Hope Level—Optimistic Coping Type (29.17%). The study established that social support, quality of life, psychological distress, self‐efficacy, occupation, income, education and type of surgery are factors influencing hope levels.
Conclusion
Hope levels within BC patients exhibit identifiable heterogeneity. By discerning the features associated with hope levels, the focus extends beyond patients' occupations, income, education and surgical procedures. It also underscores the importance of enhancing social support, quality of life and self‐efficacy while mitigating psychological distress. This targeted approach aims to formulate interventions specifically designed to effectively elevate hope levels in BC patients.
To assess Solution-Building thinking, a valid tool is essential. This study aimed to examine the psychometric properties of a translated version of the Solution Building Inventory (SBI) among students at University of Mohaghegh Ardabili, Ardabil, Iran. The study group consisted of 287 individuals (193 females and 94 males) whose age range was 18-30. Solution Building Inventory, Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and Dispositional Hope Scale were used as measurements. After translation and getting feedback from expert professors, the questionnaire’s content and face validity were qualitatively assessed. Subsequently, we examined structural validity (via confirmatory factor analysis), criterion validity (correlating the Persian-SBI with Positive and Negative Affect Scale, and Dispositional Hope Scale), and internal consistency. Data analysis was conducted using SPSS version 27 and AMOS version 24. The overall Cronbach’s alpha coefficient was 0.83. The findings indicate that this tool demonstrates appropriate content, face, criterion, structural validity, and internal consistency, making it suitable for research and studies. As a result, SBI is a measurement tool with proven validity and reliability in Iran.
This study aims to explore the relationship between hope and metacognition among young adults, contributing to the understanding of how positive psychological constructs influence cognitive processes. Hope, defined as a motivational state involving agency and pathways thinking, has been linked to better cognitive strategies and self-regulation, both of which are central to metacognition. A total of 100 participants (50 males, 50 females) aged 18-25 were selected through convenience sampling. Data was collected using the Metacognition Self-Assessment Scale (MSAS) and the Adult Hope Scale (AHS). The MSAS assessed participants' metacognitive abilities, including self-awareness, regulation, and control over cognitive processes, while the AHS measured pathways and agency thinking. Pearson correlation analysis was conducted to examine the relationship between the two constructs. The analysis revealed a positive correlation between hope and metacognition, suggesting that individuals with higher levels of hope tend to exhibit stronger metacognitive abilities. This relationship supports the hypothesis that hope acts as both a motivational driver and cognitive enabler for metacognitive engagement. The findings highlight that hope may enhance metacognitive skills such as reflective thinking, self-monitoring, and goal setting, particularly in educational contexts. The study underscores the potential of fostering hope to improve metacognitive abilities in young adults.
Objectives
Patients undergoing haemodialysis suffer from uncertainty in illness and hopelessness. The main objective of this study was to examine uncertainty in illness and its relationship with hope in patients undergoing haemodialysis in Iran.
Design
Cross-sectional study.
Setting and participants
This study included 202 haemodialysis patients recruited through proportional sampling. Data were gathered using the Mishel Uncertainty in Illness Scale–Community Form and Snyder’s Hope scale. The data were analysed using descriptive statistics and statistical tests including Pearson’s correlation, independent t-test and analysis of variance.
Results
The mean scores of uncertainty in illness, agency thinking and pathways thinking were 61.91±10.54 (range: 23– 115), 10.30±2.74 (range: 4–16) and 12.04±2.66 (range: 4–16), respectively. The Pearson correlation reflected a significant negative correlation between uncertainty in illness and agency thinking (r=−0.20, p=0.004) and also between uncertainty in illness and pathways thinking (r=−0.21, p=0.002).
Conclusions
The study found that people with higher education and income, younger age, waiting for a kidney transplant and low uncertainty have more agency and pathway thinking. Therefore, these variables should be worked on. According to the negative association between uncertainty in illness and agency and pathways thinking, well-designed interventions to reduce uncertainty in illness and enhance hope in haemodialysis patients are recommended.
Across the world the debate about the importance of vocational education has been going for decades. Theconvenience to vocational-education and skill development empowers men and women of all Age-groupsacross urban and rural areas and gives the chances and assistances of initial and lifelong learning. Thevocational-education courses trained the students in technical skills and prepare them for dedicated jobs. InIndia, there is a great need of vocational education which improves job stability as it is very low as comparedto higher education in traditional courses. The present study compares the vocational and traditional coursein relation to self-efficacy and hope. A total of 80 students of vocational and traditional courses are beingtaken as sample for this research. Self-efficacy and hope scale used as tool in research. The result shows thatthere is a significant positive relation among vocational courses in relation to hope as compared to traditionalcourses and non-significant relation to self-efficacy.
Self-regulation is a critical component of adaptive functioning, and individual differences in traits like metacognitive self-awareness (MCS), general self-efficacy (GSE), and hope play significant roles in influencing this ability. Self-awareness of cognitive biases is particularly relevant as it may enhance one’s capacity to manage challenges and pursue goals effectively. Prior research suggests that higher levels of MCS are associated with improved self-regulation, greater self-efficacy, and stronger hope for success. This longitudinal study sought to explore the development of self-regulation across 3 years of college education, with a specific focus on the role of MCS in shaping the trajectories of GSE and hope. Over 400 undergraduates were assessed five times throughout this period. Growth curve and causal mediation analyses were employed to examine the extent to which MCS contributed to changes in GSE and hope. Our findings indicate that self-awareness of cognitive biases (MCS) significantly influences the development of self-efficacy. Participants with higher levels of MCS exhibited a slightly faster increase in coping skills than those with lower levels. Additionally, MCS moderated the development of hope: individuals with above-median MCS scores showed a faster increase in hope, whereas those with below-median scores experienced an irregular decrease. In conclusion, MCS serves as a valuable resource for developing self-efficacy and hope. However, the influence of real-life challenges on hope appears to depend on an individual’s metacognitive skills, with better outcomes observed among those with higher MCS.
Purpose offers several important benefits to youth. Thus, it is necessary to understand how a sense of purpose develops in supportive contexts and what psychological resources can help. From 2021 to 2022, this study investigated purpose change among 321 youth ( M age = 16.4 years; 71% female; 25.9% Black, 33.3% Asian, 15.6% Hispanic/Latinx, 13.4% White, 9.7% multiracial) participating in GripTape , a ~10‐week self‐driven learning program. Many youth started with high initial purpose that increased throughout enrollment ( Strengthening ), whereas others began with slightly lower purpose that remained stable ( Maintaining ). For each unit increase in baseline agency, youth were 1.6x more likely to be classified as Strengthening . As such, agency may be a resource that helps youth capitalize on certain types of environments.
A doença crônica traz muitos desafios, que nem sempre são enfrentados de maneira adequada, gerando estresse e sofrimento. Foi realizada revisão sistemática integrativa de literatura, nas bases de dados: PubMed, Web of Science, LILACS, SCOPUS e PsycINFO. A resiliência e a esperança de vida de idosos com diabetes estiveram associadas aos determinantes relacionados ao indivíduo, a forma como ele enfrenta as dificuldades diante do tratamento, além de fatores emocionais, religiosos, sociais e econômicos.
Objective
Self-efficacy is associated with positive mental health outcomes. We developed and tested a digital self-efficacy training for daily recall of autobiographical self-efficacy memories (e.g., memories of successfully overcoming a personal challenge).
Method
In this randomized controlled trial, we investigated the effects of the week-long digital self-efficacy training on key mental health outcomes, including anxiety, stress, and hopelessness, and on self-efficacy in 93 university students (mean age 23.3 years, SD: 3.49) with elevated self-reported stress levels. Participants completed either the self-efficacy training combined with ecological momentary assessment (EMA) (training group) or EMA only (control group).
Results
We found significantly reduced hopelessness and trait anxiety in the training group compared to the control group at post-assessment (one day post intervention). Effects on ratings of self-efficacy at post-assessment were also significant when controlling for baseline self-efficacy.
Conclusions
This stand-alone digital self-efficacy training was significantly associated with a number of positive effects on outcomes compared to a control condition, including reduced hopelessness, trait anxiety, and increased self-efficacy. Future work is needed to replicate and investigate the long-term effects of the training and explore its implementation in clinical populations.
Trial registration
ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier: NCT05617248
Introduction:
Limited access to psychological treatment is a pressing problem in the US, especially in more rural areas. One potentially underutilized resource is informal care from friends and family members. Although those in rural areas rely on informal care more than those in urban areas, there is little to guide interested caregivers in how they can be most effective.
Methods:
In this study, we conducted a pilot test of the Friends and Family for Mental Health Program, a mental health skills program we developed to enhance informal care and reduce psychological symptoms among informal caregivers. To provide an initial test of the potential benefits of this program, we evaluated the impact of the program on informal care skills, hope, psychological symptoms, and mental health skills.
Results:
Informal care skills and hope improved. Participants also reported reduced anxiety. We considered intervention feedback to inform intervention development.
Discussion:
Overall, findings provided preliminary support for the program and provide directions for future refinements.
Conclusion:
Though further research is needed, initial evidence suggests mental health skills programs directed at informal caregivers are both desired and beneficial in rural areas.
Introduction
The COVID‐19 pandemic posed a threat to public health and psychological functioning, with early studies documenting higher rates of psychopathology within the United States and globally. Hope and optimism promote adjustment and are associated with positive physical and mental health outcomes. Thus, individual differences in hope and optimism may also foster resilience during a global health crisis.
Aims
The current study examined how hope and optimism influenced longitudinal health‐focused distress and wellbeing during the pandemic.
Methods
Data were collected from 788 American adults across three periods during Spring‐Summer 2020 using MTurk. Latent growth curve modeling examined whether hope and optimism predicted COVID stress, health anxiety, and wellbeing trajectories.
Results
COVID stress and health anxiety decreased after the onset of the pandemic, whereas wellbeing was stable. Individually, hope and optimism predicted lower initial COVID stress and health anxiety, along with greater initial wellbeing. When examining the combined influence of hope and optimism, optimism was more strongly related to health‐focused distress, though both were strong predictors of wellbeing.
Conclusions
These findings indicate that Americans were resilient and positive expectancies, particularly optimism, predicted better initial adjustment to the early phases of the pandemic. Thus, positive expectancies appear to be protective during a global health crisis.
Amaç: Bu çalışma cerrahi onkoloji hastalarında kadercilik ile umut düzeyi arasındaki ilişkiyi belirlemek amacıyla yapılmıştır. Gereç ve Yöntem: Bu kesitsel çalışma, Ekim 2021 ile Mart 2023 tarihleri arasında Üniversite Sağlık Uygulama ve Araştırma Hastanesi'nin cerrahi klinikleri ve onkoloji bölümündeki 314 hastanın katılımıyla gerçekleştirildi. Verilerin toplanmasında Kişisel Bilgi Formu, Kadercilik Eğilim Ölçeği ve Sürekli Umut Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Bulgular: Katılımcıların yaş ortalaması 59.45±10.16 (min-maks:27-80) olarak belirlendi. Hastaların Kadercilik Eğilimi toplam puanı ortalaması 82.8 ± 12.2 ve Sürekli Umut toplam puanı ortalaması ise 52.3 ± 7.2 bulundu. Kadercilik Eğilimi ve Sürekli Umut Ölçeği toplam puan ortalamalarının sosyo-demografik özelliklerine göre dağılımı incelendiğinde, Kadercilik Eğilimi toplam puan ortalamaları ile medeni durum, eğitim düzeyi, yaşadığı yer, kiminle yaşadığı ve maneviyata önem vermesi arasında istatistiksel anlamlılık olduğu bulundu (p
Background: This study aims to investigate the impact of positive thinking training on the resilience and life expectancy of female primary school teachers in Ramhormoz city during the academic year 2019 - 2020. Methods: In this study, 40 teachers were selected through simple random sampling from the mentioned community. A before-and-after study design with a control group was used. The study employed the Connor and Davidson (2003) Resilience Questionnaire and the Miller (1988) Hope Measuring Questionnaire. The intervention group (n = 20) and the control group (n = 20) were randomly assigned. Positive thinking training was conducted in eight 75-minute sessions for the intervention group. Hope and resilience were measured before and after the training using the Miller and Connor and Davidson Questionnaires. Results: According to our analysis, the P-value for hope is 0.095 and the P-value for resilience is 0.078. At the 5% level of significance, there is no statistically significant difference between before and after training in teachers' hope and resilience. The coefficient of determination shows that the variance of the independent variable accounts for 94% of the variance in the dependent variable. Conclusions: Positive thinking training did have positive effects on teachers' resilience and hope, but these effects were not statistically significant.
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