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Musa cylindrica, a new species of Musa (Musaceae) from North-East India
Abstract
A new species of Musa belonging to the Sect. Musa from Meghalaya, NorthEast India is described as Musa cylindrica. A detailed description, distribution, ecology, phenology and key to the related species are provided.
... Out of the three genera in the family Musaceae, Ensete and Musa are present in the Indian sub-continent. In India the family is represented by 37 wild taxa and is largely distributed in northeastern states, bordering China and Myanmar and followed by Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats and Andaman and Nicobar Islands (Joe et al., 2014c). ...
... described M. pushpanjaliaeGogoi and Häkkinen, M. markkui Gogoi and Borah and M. argentii Gogoi and Borah from Arunachal Pradesh, respectively. M. arunachalensis was described from Arunachal Pradesh bySreejith et al. (2013) andJoe et al. (2014c) described M. cylindrical from Meghalaya. Sabu et al. (2013a) and Joe et al. (2014a) described two new taxa of M. velutina H. Wendl. ...
... India is one of the major centres of origin and diversity for both wild and cultivated bananas (Musa L. spp.), especially for balbisiana-derived hybrids [6]. Besides Musa acuminata Colla and Musa balbisiana Colla, the progenitors of present day bananas, a number of peripheral species contributing to the total diversity occur in India [7][8][9][10][11][12]. In India the family Musaceae is represented by 31 taxa under two genera, Musa L. and Ensete L. and largely distributed in North-eastern States, the Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats and Andaman and Nicobar Islands [11]. ...
... Besides Musa acuminata Colla and Musa balbisiana Colla, the progenitors of present day bananas, a number of peripheral species contributing to the total diversity occur in India [7][8][9][10][11][12]. In India the family Musaceae is represented by 31 taxa under two genera, Musa L. and Ensete L. and largely distributed in North-eastern States, the Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats and Andaman and Nicobar Islands [11]. Many of these wild relatives and species of Musa potentially have genes that can contribute for alleviating both biotic and abiotic stresses. ...
The present work was undertaken to devise suitable medium for induction of proliferating meristems in five wild species of Musa (M. acuminata, M. balbisiana, M. basjo, M. jackeyi and M. textilis) and their subsequent cryopreservation by modification of the standard droplet vitrification protocol. It was found that BAP (100 ìM) alone was not sufficient to induce high proliferation rates and inclusion of TDZ (1-10 ìM) was essential. The duration of pre-growth desiccation (9-14 d) and dehydration with cryoprotectant (PVS2, 90-120 min) varied with each species. The optimized protocol for each species yielded 46-58% shoot recovery after cryopreservation. In terms of ease of explant generation, percentage shoot recovery and plantlet formation, M. jackeyi > M. basjoo > M. textilis> M. acuminata>M. balbisiana. © 2014, Indian Society of Genetics and Plant Breeding. All rights reserved.
... India is one of the major centres of origin and diversity for both wild and cultivated bananas (Musa L. spp.), especially for balbisiana-derived hybrids [6]. Besides Musa acuminata Colla and Musa balbisiana Colla, the progenitors of present day bananas, a number of peripheral species contributing to the total diversity occur in India789101112. In India the family Musaceae is represented by 31 taxa under two genera, Musa L. and Ensete L. and largely distributed in North-eastern States, the Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats and Andaman and Nicobar Islands [11]. Many of these wild relatives and species of Musa potentially have genes that can contribute for alleviating both biotic and abiotic stresses. ...
... Besides Musa acuminata Colla and Musa balbisiana Colla, the progenitors of present day bananas, a number of peripheral species contributing to the total diversity occur in India789101112. In India the family Musaceae is represented by 31 taxa under two genera, Musa L. and Ensete L. and largely distributed in North-eastern States, the Western Ghats, Eastern Ghats and Andaman and Nicobar Islands [11]. Many of these wild relatives and species of Musa potentially have genes that can contribute for alleviating both biotic and abiotic stresses. ...
... A rare wild banana species M. rubinea belongs to section Rhodochlamy s having ornamental potential was discovered by Häkkinen , M. sabuana , M. velutinavar. Variegate (Joe et al., 2014a), M. arunachalensis , M. cylindrical (Joe et al., 2014b), M. balbisiana var. Elavazhai (Joe et al., 2014c) were discovered recently in India were suggested for ornamental gardening. ...
The major challenges in the field of medicinal plants are conservation of rare, endangered and threatened (RET) species and
enhancement of secondary metabolites production by using different technologies right from conventional methods to
advanced biotechnological methods in order to produce quality drug so as to meet the current demands of pharmaceutical
industries. In this review paper, status of various biotechnological methods viz., cryopreservation, propagation of medicinal
plant species, metabolic engineering techniques for identification of key enzymes in pathways of bioactive compounds,
transgenic medicinal plants for consistent production of novel metabolites are discussed. Further, functional genomic techniques
viz., DNA microarrays for simultaneous analysis of multiple genes, identification of putative micro RNAs, phytoregulation of
secondary metabolites via RNA interference and transcriptomics in important medicinal plants are also reviewed.
... markkuana M. Sabu et al. (Sabu et al. 2013a), Musa sabuana Prasad et al. (Prasad et al. 2013), Musa velutina var. variegata A. Joe et al. (Joe et al. 2014a), Musa arunachalensis A. Joe et al. (Sreejith et al. 2013), Musa cylindrica A. Joe et al. (Joe et al. 2014c), Musa balbisiana var. elavazhai A. Joe et al. (Joe et al. 2014f) and Musa sikkimensis var. ...
Since the publication of Musa kattuvzhana K.C.Jacob, this taxon has not been recorded or included in any of the South Indian Floras. The correct identity of M. kattuvzhana is described here and Musa acuminata subsp. burmannica N.W. Simmonds and Musa banksii var. singampatti T.G. Nayar are reduced to synonymy. Detailed description, photographs and IUCN conservation status based on field studies are provided.
... markkuana Sabu et al. , Musa sabuana Prasad et al. (Prasad et al. 2013), M. velutina var. variegata A. Joe et al. (Joe et al. 2014a), Musa arunachalensis A. Joe et al. (Sreejith et al. 2013), Musa cylindrica A. Joe et al. (Joe et al. 2014c) and Musa balbisiana var. elavazhai A. Joe et al. (Joe et al. 2014f) are some of the new discoveries. ...
A new variety of Musa sikkimensis is described here as M. sikkimensis var. simmondsii. Notes on taxonomic identity and history of M. sikkimensis are provided. Isoneotype for M. sikkimensis and lectotype for Musa hookerii are designated. Detailed description, photographs and notes on distribution and ecology of both the taxa are provided for easy identification.
The identity of Musa sabuana and M. balbisiana var. andamanica are re-investigated here using integrative taxonomic approaches. Most recently, these two taxa have been treated as synonyms of a broadly defined M. balbisiana. The present study is based on a comparative morphology, foliar anatomy, seed micromorphology and anatomy, and molecular phylogeny (using nuclear ITS, chloroplast trnL–trnL–trnF and rps16). Musa sabuana and M. balbisiana showed remarkable differences in phyllotaxy, the shapes of the leaf bases and fruits, the thickness of their lamina, the number of adaxial hypodermal layers, seed shape, and the thickness of their seed coat. Phylogenetic trees based on multiple accessions also support the distinctiveness of M. sabuana and M. balbisiana var. andamanica from M. balbisiana var. balbisiana. Moreover, variation in the bract color of M. sabuana is confirmed by the current molecular study. Based on this integrated study, it is argued that M. sabuana and M. balbisiana var. andamanica are distinct and should be recognized taxonomically. Detailed morphological, anatomical and micro-morphological comparisons, color photographs, and a phylogenetic tree are provided.
Musa ornata, wild species of banana is being used as a cut flower, potted plants and for landscape gardening etc., They are also being utilized in banana hybridization programmes for introgressing pest and disease tolerant traits into banana cultivars in addition to the development of inter specific ornamental banana hybrids. Symptoms of banana bract mosaic virus (BBrMV) was observed in the bracts of interspecific M. ornata based hybrid developed using another wild species i.e., Musa rubra Kurz at ICAR-National
Research Centre for Banana (NRCB), Tiruchirapalli. Presence of the virus in the bracts, leaves and roots of symptomatic plants was confirmed through triple antibody sandwich
enzyme linked immunosorbent assay with BBrMV monoclonal and polyclonal antibodies. BBrMV HC-Pro (1370 bp), CP (900 bp) and VPg (570 bp) genes were amplified from
the infected bracts using reverse transcriptase polymerase chain reaction with BBrMV respective gene primers. The amplicons of these three genes were cloned and sequenced. Blastn analysis revealed that HC-Pro, VPg and CP gene sequences has 97.67%, 97.72% and 99.67% similarity with the respective gene sequences of BBrMV infecting banana. Phylogenetic analysis clustered the test isolate with other BBrMV isolates of banana and other hosts based on CP and HC-Pro and VPg gene sequences. The virus is transmitted through Pentalonia nigronervosa and the transmitted plants
expressed symptoms under glass house conditions. To the best of our knowledge, this is the first report of BBrMV on ornamental M. ornata hybrid in India and its transmission
occurs through Pentalonia nigronervosa.
India is considered as the centre of origin of bananas, both wild and cultivated. During the revision of the family Musaceae, as much of the specimens were collected from all over India and conserved in Calicut University Botanical Garden (CUBG), of which most of them are with high ornamental potential. This paper focuses mainly on such species which can be introduced into gardens because of its ornamental value. Ensete glaucum, E. superbum, Musa arunachalensis, M. aurantiaca, M. chunii, M. laterita, M. mannii, M. markkui, M. ornate, M. rubra, M. sanguinea, M. velutina, M. velutina subsp. markkuana and M. velutina var. variegate are some of the ornamental bananas that are common in use and also can introduce into gardens. The ornamental value and the characters that raised that value of each taxa are also materialized here.
Since the publication of Musa nagensium Prain in 1904, this taxon has not been collected from the Indian forests or misidentified under different species. Here, M. nagensium is rediscovered after a lapse of more than a century from North-East India. M. nagensium var. hongii is reduced to the synonomy of M. nagensium. Detailed description, photographs, notes on distribution, ecological details and notes on variation are provided. IUCN conservation status based on the field study is also provided.
The taxonomy of Musa flaviflora and M. thomsonii has been in a state of flux since their inception. Due to their close resemblance and lack of proper types and protologues they were treated as conspecific. Both species have been studied in detail based on live collection and protologues for their taxonomic status and circumscription. Here both the species are correctly identified and provided detailed description after the type collection. Photographs, distribution, types and ecological notes of both species are also provided.
Musa cheesmanii is rediscovered after 57 years. A note on its extended distribution is also discussed. Detailed description and photographs are provided for easy identification.
Musa chunii Häkkinen, a Chinese species with ornamental potential is reported for the
first time from India. A detailed description, photographs, conservation measures and relevant
notes on the species are provided.
A new subspecies of Musa velutina belonging to section Rhodochlamys from northeastern India is described and illustrated as Musa velutina subsp. markkuana. A detailed description, distribution, ecology, phenology and relevant taxonomic notes are provided.
Since the publication of Musa ochracea by Shepherd in 1964, based on a specimen from an unknown locality, this taxon has not been collected from the wild. Here Musa ochracea is rediscovered after a lapse of about half a century from NorthEast India. Detailed description, illustration, photographs, distribution and ecological details are provided. IUCN conservation status based on the field study is also provided.
One wild banana, Musa sabuana belonging to the Sect. Musa is newly described from Panchavati and Ramakrishnapur Dam area in Andaman Islands, India. This extremely rare new species is found only in Middle and Little Andamans. Additional notes, IUCN status, Phenology and photographs are also provided.
Musa velutina var. variegata, a new variety from Assam, North-East India is described and illustrated based on morphology. This extremely rare variety was found only in Makum Area of Tinsukia District in Assam. A detailed description, distribution, ecology, phenology, illustration, colour plates and relevant notes are provided. A key to the Sect. Rhodochlamys in North-East India is provided.
A wild banana species from West Kameng District, Arunachal Pradesh, northeastern India, belonging to section Rhodochlamys, is newly described as Musa arunachalensis. A detailed description, additional notes, illustration, phenology and photographs are provided.
The present work is part of a continuing study on Musa taxa by the author. Several molecular analyses support acceptance of only two Musa sections, M. sect. Musa and M. sect. Callimusa. Musa sect. Rhodochlamys is synonymized with M. sect. Musa and M. sect. Australimusa and M. sect. Ingentimusa are treated as synonyms of M. sect. Callimusa. Species lists are provided for the two accepted sections.
provided for the two accepted sections.
Keywords Musa; Musa sect. Australimusa; Musa sect
The center of diversity of the genus Musa (Musaceae) is in Southeast Asia, a region not studied in detail and where new species and varieties continue to be reported. A new wild banana species, M. chunii Häkki- nen from Yunnan, China is described and illustrated based on observed morphological characteristics in the field. This extremely rare new species was only found in Tongbiguan Nature Reserve, Dehong District, West Yunnan. A key to M. chunii and related taxa is provided. In addition, critical notes regarding M. rubra Kurz identity are given.
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