STORAGE INSECT PESTS OF GUAVA PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LINN

Abstract

Guava Psidium guajava Linn. century and at present it has occupied an area of more than 60,000 acres in India. It nutritional value as fruits contain a very rich vitamin However, the crop is attacked by more than 80 species of insects. Therefore, fruit production sale and its proper utilization play an important stage the fruits were damaged by fruit flies Dacus spp., White flies, Aleurocanthus and Dialeurodicus, Thrips Selenothrips, Aphid, Coccids and mealy bugs, Drosophilla spp., etc. The protection of fru crop and pest control strategies are given in the paper.

Full text

STORAGE INSECT PESTS OF GUAVA PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LINN
Department of Zoology Shivaji University, Kolhapur
ARTICLE INFO
ABSTRACT
Guava Psidium guajava Linn.
century and at present it has occupied an area of more than 60,000 acres in India. It
nutritional value as fruits contain a very rich vitamin
However, the crop is attacked by more than 80 species of insects. Therefore, fruit production sale
and its proper utilization play an important
stage the fruits were damaged by fruit flies Dacus spp., White flies, Aleurocanthus and
Dialeurodicus, Thrips Selenothrips, Aphid, Coccids and mealy bugs, Drosophilla spp., etc. The
protection of fru
crop and pest control strategies are given in the paper.
Copyright © 2015 Sathe
. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution Lice
and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
INTRODUCTION
Guava Psidium guajava
Linnaeus is native of tropical America
but is now pantropical in distribution (Buta
n
it has accupied an area of 60,000
hectares, in India it was
introduced in early 17th
century. Uttar Pradesh is leading states
in India for Guava cultivation. The guava fruits contain a very
rich vitamin-
C and A and calcium relatively with fair amount.
Jam, jelly and fruit butter are prepa
red with the guava fruits.
The drought resistant crop can be grown in varying soil
conditions. The area of cultivation of guava is fairly increasing
in Maharashtra in recent years. However, the crop is attacked
by about 80 species of insect pests. Out of w
quick troublesome to the crop. The production of fruits during
harvesting and after harvesting (storage stage) is essential part
of guava economics. The insect pests associated with fruit
harvesting or storage stage are discussed with r
diversity, feature, cycle, damage and control. Review of
literature indicates that insect pests associated with ripening
stage have been studied by several workers. Note worthy
amongst them refer to Atwal (1976),
Butani
(196
7, Mehta and Verma (1968), Ayyar (1963), Hill (1975),
Sathe (1999, 2003, 2012, 2014, 2015), Sathe and Gangate
(2015), etc.
*Corresponding author: Sathe, T. V.,
Department of Zoology Shivaji University, Kolhapur
ISSN: 0975-833X
Article History:
Received 09th July, 2015
Received in revised form
06th August, 2015
Accepted 21st September, 2015
Published online 20th October, 2015
Key words:
Guava Psidium guajava,
Insect pests,
Fruit damage,
Control.
Citation
:
Sathe, T. V., 2015. “
Storage insect pest
21015-21018.
RESEARCH ARTICLE
STORAGE INSECT PESTS OF GUAVA PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LINN
*Sathe, T. V.
Department of Zoology Shivaji University, Kolhapur
-416004
India
ABSTRACT
Guava Psidium guajava Linn.
is native of tropical America and introduced in India in early 17th
century and at present it has occupied an area of more than 60,000 acres in India. It
nutritional value as fruits contain a very rich vitamin
-C and -
A and contain good amount of calcium.
However, the crop is attacked by more than 80 species of insects. Therefore, fruit production sale
and its proper utilization play an important role for earning good dividend. At ripening and storage
stage the fruits were damaged by fruit flies Dacus spp., White flies, Aleurocanthus and
Dialeurodicus, Thrips Selenothrips, Aphid, Coccids and mealy bugs, Drosophilla spp., etc. The
protection of fruits from insects is essential part of guava economics. Pest occurrence and damage to
crop and pest control strategies are given in the paper.
. This is an open access article distributed under the Creative Commons Attribution License, which permits unrestricted use, distribution,
and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Linnaeus is native of tropical America
n
i, 1979). Although
hectares, in India it was
century. Uttar Pradesh is leading states
in India for Guava cultivation. The guava fruits contain a very
C and A and calcium relatively with fair amount.
red with the guava fruits.
The drought resistant crop can be grown in varying soil
conditions. The area of cultivation of guava is fairly increasing
in Maharashtra in recent years. However, the crop is attacked
by about 80 species of insect pests. Out of w
hich 20 insects are
quick troublesome to the crop. The production of fruits during
harvesting and after harvesting (storage stage) is essential part
of guava economics. The insect pests associated with fruit
harvesting or storage stage are discussed with r
espect to their
diversity, feature, cycle, damage and control. Review of
literature indicates that insect pests associated with ripening
stage have been studied by several workers. Note worthy
Butani
(1979), Talgeri
7, Mehta and Verma (1968), Ayyar (1963), Hill (1975),
Sathe (1999, 2003, 2012, 2014, 2015), Sathe and Gangate
Department of Zoology Shivaji University, Kolhapur
-416004 India.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Kolhapur is situated between 15
740
east longitude with an average rain fall 1200mm,
temperature 90 to 400
C and 55% to 85% R. H. Based on
climatic variation, 3 spots namely, Hatkanangale, Kolhapur and
Radhanagari were select
ed for the present study. The survey of
insect pests found on ripening fruits on crop and storage fruits
have been carried by one week interval by spot
observations/collection of insect pests. For scale insects, mealy
bugs, white flies and fruit flies 1 ft
possible fruits have been selected for noting the density of
pests. The best time for survey was 7.00 to 8.00 am.
dropped under the crop tree have also been examined for the
pest occurrence and damage caused to fruits
receptacles have been also observed for noting infestation of
insect pests to fruits at morning hours for 3 to 4 days. For
control measures of pests on ripening fruits 0.03% Azadirachtin
and some others pesticides have been used. Similarly,
preventive control measures like scraping with wooden knife
and clearing fruits with clean muslin cloth have also been
practiced on stored fruits at morning hour. Nature of damage to
fruits with respect to its shape, size, sooty mould, wounds,
cavities, bo
res, etc have also been noted.
RESULTS
Results recorded in Table
1 to 3 and
fruit fly D. dorsalis
was found on the crop throughout the year.
Available online at http://www.journalcra.com
International Journal of Current Research
Vol. 7, Issue, 10, pp.21015-21018, October, 2015
INTERNATIONAL
Storage insect pest
s of Guava Psidium guajava Linn”,
International Journal of Current
z
STORAGE INSECT PESTS OF GUAVA PSIDIUM GUAJAVA LINN
India
is native of tropical America and introduced in India in early 17th
century and at present it has occupied an area of more than 60,000 acres in India. It
has great
A and contain good amount of calcium.
However, the crop is attacked by more than 80 species of insects. Therefore, fruit production sale
role for earning good dividend. At ripening and storage
stage the fruits were damaged by fruit flies Dacus spp., White flies, Aleurocanthus and
Dialeurodicus, Thrips Selenothrips, Aphid, Coccids and mealy bugs, Drosophilla spp., etc. The
its from insects is essential part of guava economics. Pest occurrence and damage to
nse, which permits unrestricted use, distribution,
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Kolhapur is situated between 15
0 to 170 north latitude and 730-
east longitude with an average rain fall 1200mm,
C and 55% to 85% R. H. Based on
climatic variation, 3 spots namely, Hatkanangale, Kolhapur and
ed for the present study. The survey of
insect pests found on ripening fruits on crop and storage fruits
have been carried by one week interval by spot
observations/collection of insect pests. For scale insects, mealy
bugs, white flies and fruit flies 1 ft
long twig of crop with all
possible fruits have been selected for noting the density of
pests. The best time for survey was 7.00 to 8.00 am.
The fruits
dropped under the crop tree have also been examined for the
pest occurrence and damage caused to fruits
. Three stored
receptacles have been also observed for noting infestation of
insect pests to fruits at morning hours for 3 to 4 days. For
control measures of pests on ripening fruits 0.03% Azadirachtin
and some others pesticides have been used. Similarly,
preventive control measures like scraping with wooden knife
and clearing fruits with clean muslin cloth have also been
practiced on stored fruits at morning hour. Nature of damage to
fruits with respect to its shape, size, sooty mould, wounds,
res, etc have also been noted.
1 to 3 and
Figs 1 to 4 indicated that
was found on the crop throughout the year.
INTERNATIONAL
JOURNAL
OF CURRENT RESEARCH
International Journal of Current
Research, 7, (10),

Fig. 1. D. dorsalis damaged fruit (Early stage)
Its intensity was high from January to June; scale insect C.
psidii occurred during the summer months while, white fly was
very dominant and found throughout the year. Its population
was declined during the month November to January and
steadily increased during the summer and monsoon months.
Selenothrips sp. was also found on the crop with less intensity.
Similarly, mealy bug Drosicha mangiferae (Green) (Hemiptera:
Coccidae) and Aphid Aphis gosypii Glover (Hemiptera:
Aphidae) were also associated with the ripening fruits
occasionally and found sucking the cell sap of fruits.
Fig. 2. D. dorsalis damaged fruit (Later stage)
Drosophila spp. was found affecting storage crop. Therefore,
the fruits be stored in cool place, go down having temperature
range 8-100C. Life cycle, nature of damage, host plant parts and
chemical and biological control measures are suggested in
Table 1 and 2.
Preventive control measures for above pests refer to,
1. Collection and destruction of crop plant parts infected by
pests.
Table 1. Insect pest diversity, life cycle, damage and control on guava
Sr. no. Species Life cycle Damage Hosts Control
1. D. dorsalis Life cycle form egg
to adult completed
in 2 to 4 days
Infested fruits showed depressions,
dark greenish punctures and small
exits; larva feed on pulpy content of
fruits.
banana, citrus, mango,
papaya, melons, brinjal.
Spray 0.03% Rogor or
Phosphamidon (or)
Azadirachtin.
2. C. pisidii Life cycle
completed within
2.5 to 3 months
Scales remained stick to the fruiting
bodies, fruits, showed sooty moulds
and disfiguring. Fruits start rotting
from infested area.
citrus, mango, jamun,
jackfruit, sapota, litchi, etc.
Spray 0.1% dichlorovos
(or) 0.3% Azadirachtin
3. A. dispersus Life cycle
completed within
20- 40 days
Infected fruits disfigured, noted
depressions, sooty moulds and dark
spots. White powdery material found
on fruits.
mango, fig, citrus, jamun,
jackfruit; all kinds of fruits,
ornamental plants and
vegetables.
Spray 0.3% Azadirachtin
(or) malathion (or)
0.02% phosphamidon
4. D. mangiferae Life cycle
completed within 30
days
Malformation and depression to fruits. mango, citrus, grapevine,
fig, papaya, mulberry, etc.
Spray 0.3% Azadirachtin
(or) malathion (or)
0.02% phosphamidon
5. Aphid and Thrips Many generations
completed
Malformation and depression to fruits. mango, citrus, grapevine,
fig, papaya, mulberry, etc.
Spray 0.3% Azadirachtin
(or) malathion (or)
0.02% phosphamidon
Table 2. Pest biocontrol agents on guava
1.
D. dorsalis Ophius spp. – Dirhinus sp.
2.
D. mangiferae Chrysopa sp. (predator) Rodalia sp. (predator)
3.
C. pisidii Lace wings (predator)
4.
Aphids Lady bird Beetle (predator)
Table 3. Occurrence of insect pests on ripening fruits of guava in Kolhapur
Sr. no. Insect name and place July
Aug. Sept. Oct. Nov. Dec. Jan. Feb. March April May June
1. D. dorsalis 2 2 3 4 5 5 8 8 8 9 8 7
2. C. pisidii 2 - - - - - - - 3 5 5 4
3. A. dispersus 5 8 6 6 2 - 2 6 8 8 8 6
21016 Sathe, Storage insect pests of guava Psidium guajava Linn

Fig. 3. A. dispersus damaged fruits
Fig. 4. Guava fruits damaged by Drosophila spp
2. Clearing fruits with muslin cloth.
3. Scrapping fruits with wooden knife for removing scale on
the fruits and sooty moulds.
DISCUSSION
Since P. ghajava fruit have great nutritive and medicine value,
they should be protected from insect pests. According to Butani
(1979) about 80 species of insects are associated with P.
ghajana. Out of which 20 species were more dangerous to the
crop. The major pests he reported on guava refer to fruit flies,
bark eating caterpillar, castor capsule borer and many cell sap
suckers such as white flies, scales, mealy bugs, Aphids, thrips,
tea mosquito bug, etc. The weevils are also very serious pest of
mango both at fruting bodies and leaves. All above pests
affected the yield of crop adversely. At rippening stage of
fruits, fruitflies were major pests in India (Butani, 1979). The
fruit fly diversity reported on this crop refer to Dacus dorsalis
(Hendel), Dacus cucurbitae (Coquillett), Dacus zonatus
(Saunders) and Dacus diversus (Coquillett). The maggots of
above species were found feeding on pulpy content of the fruits
and contaminated the fruits by secondary infection, causing
necrosis.
A good number of scales insects and mealy bugs have been
reported on the guava (Butani, 979). Those were mostly
polyphagous which suck the cell sap from tender parts of the
crop such as leaves and twigs including fruits. Mealy bugs
exuded sweet sticky substance, honey dew on which sooty
mould developed due to saprophytic fungus, which affected
photo synthesis and growth of the crop and finally affected the
quality and quantity of fruits. The present results are in
agreement with the previous finding. Chloropulvinaria psidii
was reported from South India, Pujab, Uttar Pradesh and
Maharashtra as a potential pest of guava and several other
horticulturel crops (Butani, 1979).
It has also been reported from Bangladesh and Shri-Lanka on
guava. In Maharashtra it was responsible for damaging, storage,
rippening and developing fruits. White flies such as
Aleurocanthus rugosa Singh, A. woglumi Ashhy,
Alerotuberculatus psidii (Singh) and Pealius misrae Singh have
been recorded on guava on as cell sap suckers on tender leaves
as a miner pests. However, A .dispersus was found to be the
dominant on guava in Maharashtra. Recently, Sathe and
Gangate (2015) studied the host plants of A. dispersus from
Kolhapur region of India. They reported 8 host species from
this region. The important hoste were Guava, Brinjal, China
raised, Custard apple, Rose, Mango, Citrus and Terminalia.
They also studied the seasonal abundance and migratory
behavior of A. dispersus. Pest control with insecticides on
horticulture and edible crops is not without danger therefore,
ecofriendly control measures are to be designed for the safty of
humans, other organisms and the environment (Sathe, 2014,
2015). However, the control measures suggested in the text for
insect pests will add great relevance in crop protection.
Acknowledgement
Author is thankful to the Shivaji University, Kolhapur for
providing facilities to this work.
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21018 Sathe, Storage insect pests of guava Psidium guajava Linn