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... That's why diabetic patient may come up against a range of problems and struggles physically, emotionally and socially (Tav et al., 2010). This situation causes psychological problems in diabetic individuals (Yi et al., 2008;Sonmez & Kasim, 2013;Kucuk, 2015). In literature, compared to the general population, it is stated that psychological problems are seen more in diabetics (Whittemore, Melkus, & Grey, 2005). ...
... On the other hand, reactions such as anger, temper, and psychological defense make the curation and adaptation of the disease harder. Distempered patient struggles in following the rules regarding diet, treatment management and physical activities (Kucuk, 2015). This condition may cause a vicious circle by affecting the diabetic management and metabolic control negatively (Karlsen, Oftedal, & Bru, 2012). ...
Objective: The study has been conducted to determine the relation between anger level, manners of expressing anger and the metabolic control variables in type 2 diabetes. Methods: This descriptive and cross-sectional study was conducted in 177 patients with type 2 diabetes presenting at the endocrinology and metabolic diseases clinic of of Cumhuriyet University Health Services Application and Research Hospital in Turkey between February and June 2017. Data is acquired through Patient Identification Form and Constant Anger and Manner of Expressing Anger Scale. Results: The mean duration of disease among individuals was 12.41 ± 10.56 years and 57.1% had another chronic disease. 46.4% of the individuals developed diabetic complications; average rate of total cholesterol is above the limit, fasting glucose level, HbA1C, triglyceride and LDL cholesterol levels are above the target value. The constant anger and anger control of the individuals are at medium level while intrinsic anger and extrinsic anger levels are below the average. It is determined that there is a significant low degree positive relation between individuals' constant anger and intrinsic anger score averages, and the disease period, HbA 1 C, LDL cholesterol and HDL cholesterol levels (p<0.05). Conclusion: In this study, it was determined that type 2 diabetic individuals obtain a medium-level anger; the more the anger levels rise, the more HbA 1 C and LDL cholesterol rates increase. Therefore health professionals can support individuals risky in sense of constant anger and anger control.
... Family members' reactions, especially those of the parents, may in turn influence the diabetic child's initial attitude and adaptation to the illness. Although a number of clinical investigators have commented on the unfolding of events in the family following the diagnosis of diabetes (e.g., Krosnick, 1970;Mattson, 1979;Wishner & O'Brien, 1976), no studies have systematically examined this important topic. ...
... Yet, alongside this upbeat coping response are more disquieting feelings not so easily expressed. Dismay, discomfort, sadness, anger, and guilt are among the dysphoric responses often triggered in many families of diabetic patients, as reported by several clinical observers (Krosnick, 1970;Mattson, 1979;Wishner & O'Brien, 1976). Thus, underlying the significantly higher levels of child and father constraining behaviors are their other, perhaps less socially acceptable, responses to the onset of this new chronic illness. ...
Cross-sectional findings drawn from the first year of a 4-year longitudinal study of preadolescent and early adolescent insulin-dependent diabetics and their families are presented. Using direct observation techniques and a specially designed coding system, the family interactions of 56 families with a recently diagnosed diabetic child are compared with those of 49 families with a child of similar age and sex, who has had a recent, serious acute illness. The two samples are contrasted in terms of each family member's (mother, father, and child) enabling and constraining interactions, controlling for social class differences. The findings reveal that the diabetic children and their parents expressed significantly more enabling (e.g., focusing, problem solving, active understanding) speeches than comparable members of the acute illness group. In addition, there are indications of particular constraining interactions (devaluing) occurring between fathers and diabetic children. Several alternative interpretations are offered to account for these results, together with plans for future research directions to investigate these hypothesized explanations.
... [1131][1132][1133][1134] Patient's psychosocial conditions have significant impact on the overall outcomes of diabetic care process. [1135][1136][1137] Euthymia is a target, as well as a tool, for diabetes management. 1138,1139 Psychosocial well-being comprehends both physical and mental health, and is integral to diabetes-care and self-management. ...
This is a comprehensive management guidelines for Diabetes 2022
... It can be difficult for individuals to accept that they have a chronic illness and therefore need to make changes in their lifestyle. Therefore, inidividuals with diabetes; spiritual, emotional, social and sexual etc. they may face problems in many areas (Küçük, 2015). Acceptance of inidividuals with diabetes enables them to develop health-maintaining behaviors and to cope with the illness. ...
... The physiological dimension of life, including nutrition, exercise, how the disease progresses and its complications, prevention methods, blood sugar control, and treatment, are important aspects of self-care. Effective diabetes management requires the implementation of complex self-care behaviors such as lifestyle changes, diet control, regular exercise, medication use, glucose control, and recording, and diabetes treatment outcomes are significantly dependent on patients' self-care behaviors [71]. The psychological, social, and emotional dimensions of self-care include managing emotional outcomes such as depression, anxiety, and stress, as well as resolving social problems and gaining social support. ...
Diabetes is a chronic disease that disrupts human biological and psychological interaction; so that the person’s adaptation to the disease is necessary. The present study aimed to review the psychological methods related to adaptation to diabetes. This research is a narrative review study that has been done using the keywords diabetes, self-care, adaptation and, adjustment in specific databases of Medline, Sid, Magiran, PubMed, Scopus, and Science Direct. After reviewing the entry and exit criteria, articles that were not directly related to the topic, as well as articles with duplicate findings were removed. The findings showed that self-care is a spectrum of behaviors of a person that includes diet, medication, exercise, etc., and is influenced by individual and social factors and indicates the degree of adjustment to chronic diseases such as diabetes. Psychological factors not only affect different aspects of the life of people with diabetes, but also affect self-care and management behaviors and achieving proper control in people with diabetes.
... For this reason, these patients may face problems in many areas, such as mental, emotional, social, and sexual. [8] The physical and mental health of patients with diabetes is closely correlated. [9] Disease-associated difficulties may cause patients to experience significant mental problems including depression, anxiety, and low self-esteem. ...
Context: Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) is a common metabolic disorder. Self-care plays a crucial role in the management of diabetes. Self esteem can affect diabetes management.
Aim: This study was conducted to determine the contribution of self esteem and diabetes self-care behaviors to the eating attitudes of patients with T2DM.
Setting and Design: This study was conducted in a University Hospital between November 2019 and March 2020.
Materials and Methods: The sample of this cross-sectional and descriptive study was composed of 150 patients with T2DM. Descriptive Characteristics Form, Coopersmith self esteem Inventory, and Eating Attitude Test were used to collect data.
Statistical Analysis: SPSS 25 software was used along with descriptive and inferential statistics in data analysis.
Results: It was found that the self esteem mean score of the patients with T2DM was 63.60 (±15.92), 26% of them had an impaired eating attitude, and there was no statistically significant correlation between eating attitude and self esteem of patients with T2DM (P > 0.05).
Conclusions: It was concluded that high self esteem, and self-esteem of patients with T2DM were not associated with eating attitude.
... [942][943][944][945] Patient's psychosocial conditions have significant impact on the overall outcomes of diabetic care process. [946][947][948] Euthymia is a target, as well as a tool, for diabetes management. [949,950] Psychosocial well-being comprehends both physical and mental health, and is integral to diabetescare and self-management. ...
A comprehensive document cositing of Clinical practice recommendations based on teh existing vidence and consensus of all experts in teh field of diabetes throughout the country for the management of diabetes
... [942][943][944][945] Patient's psychosocial conditions have significant impact on the overall outcomes of diabetic care process. [946][947][948] Euthymia is a target, as well as a tool, for diabetes management. [949,950] Psychosocial well-being comprehends both physical and mental health, and is integral to diabetescare and self-management. ...
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... In diabetic patients, hypoglycemia and problems originating in functions of the respiratory, cardiovascular, and homeostatic systems may cause a significant level of anxiety (48,49). Anxiety has been found closely related with reduced functionality and quality of life (33). ...
... [942][943][944][945] Patient's psychosocial conditions have significant impact on the overall outcomes of diabetic care process. [946][947][948] Euthymia is a target, as well as a tool, for diabetes management. [949,950] Psychosocial well-being comprehends both physical and mental health, and is integral to diabetescare and self-management. ...
... So the accumulated observations embodied in common experience that an annoying person is an "itch" (also in other languages) should be regarded as a probable correlation that is worthy of a scientific inquiry into its causes. While the scratching behavior exhibited by frustrated humans can be attributed to psychological determinants, 42,43 the presence of similar appearing behavior in nonhuman social animals in response to a social predicament of threat in which neither fight nor flight is feasible, 21-23, 31, 32 justifies the consideration of a complementary psychosocial explanation. ...
... 132 Stress liberates histamine, vasoactive neuropeptides, and mediators of inflammation, while stress-related hemodynamic changes (e.g., variation in skin temperature, blood flow, and sweat response) may all contribute to the itch-scratch-itch cycle. 133 Psychogenic pruritus has been noted in patients with depression, anxiety, aggression, obsessional behavior, and alcoholism. The degree of depression may correlate with pruritus severity. ...
Objective:
This review focuses on classification and description of and current treatment recommendations for psychocutaneous disorders. Medication side effects of both psychotropic and dermatologic drugs are also considered.
Data sources:
A search of the literature from 1951 to 2004 was performed using the MEDLINE search engine. English-language articles were identified using the following search terms: skin and psyche, psychiatry and dermatology, mind and skin, psychocutaneous, and stress and skin.
Data synthesis:
The psychotropic agents most frequently used in patients with psychocutaneous disorders are those that target anxiety, depression, and psychosis. Psychiatric side effects of dermatologic drugs can be significant but can occur less frequently than the cutaneous side effects of psychiatric medications. In a majority of patients presenting to dermatologists, effective management of skin conditions requires consideration of associated psychosocial factors. For some dermatologic conditions, there are specific demographic and personality features that commonly associate with disease onset or exacerbation.
Conclusions:
More than just a cosmetic disfigurement, dermatologic disorders are associated with a variety of psychopathologic problems that can affect the patient, his or her family, and society together. Increased understanding of biopsychosocial approaches and liaison among primary care physicians, psychiatrists, and dermatologists could be very useful and highly beneficial.
Purpose:
To investıgate the relationship between the perception of the disease and level of anxiety in patients with cancer.
Design and methods:
A correlation and descriptive study from a convenience sample of 318 oncological patients aged 18 years and older was done. Subjects were measured with a Patient's Information Form, the Revised Illness Perception Questionnare, and the Strait-Trait Anxiety Inventory.
Findings:
When evaluated together with most of its subscales, illness perception was found to affect anxiety.
Practice implications:
Nurses should evaluate the anxiety levels of the cancer patients in every stage and should educate the patients and their relatives on coping with anxiety. Appropriate treatment and care depending on the illness perception of the cancer patients should be planned by nurses.
The skin and psyche are intimately related with various skin diseases caused by or resulting in psychiatric disturbances. Pruritus is a commonly reported symptom in psychiatric patients and likewise psychiatric co-morbidities including anxiety and depression are frequently seen in chronic pruritus patients. Primary psychodermatologic conditions such as somatic symptom disorder, dermatitis artefacta, obsessive compulsive and related disorders (excoriation disorder and prurigo nodularis), delusional infestation, and substance use disorder can all induce significant pruritus in patients, severely affecting their quality of life. Such entities can be challenging to manage and therefore a greater understanding of the underlying psychopathology and evaluation of associated psychosocial factors is necessary. In addition to proper skin hygiene and first line pharmacotherapies such as selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors, noradrenergic and selective serotonin anti-depressants, anti-epileptics, and anti-psychotics (for delusional and psychotic disorders), patients with psychopruritic disorders should be offered psychotherapy to maximize the therapeutic efficacy.
Several skin conditions seen in small mammals are thought to have a behavioral cause but their epidemiology and pathogenesis are poorly understood. A significant amount of research exists on barbering in mice that suggests it is an impulse control disorder and may represent a good animal model for trichotillomania in humans. Stress seems to play a complex role in the development and maintenance of some behavioral dermatopathies, but genetics and experiences, especially during development, also likely play a role. Pain or discomfort may underlie the development of many of these problems.
Between 30 and 50% of the cirrhotic patients who do not show symptoms of clinical hepatic encephalopathy (HE) present minimal hepatic encephalopathy (MHE), with mild cognitive impairment. MHE impairs the quality of life, increases the risk of suffering accidents, predicts the appearance of clinical HE, and is associated with shortened lifespan. Early detection of MHE would be very useful. The "gold standard" for MHE diagnosis is the psychometric hepatic encephalopathy score (PHES). However, it is time consuming and needs adjusting for age and educational level. It would be very useful to have some blood biomarker reflecting the presence of MHE in cirrhotic patients. The aim of this work was to identify serum molecules useful as biomarkers for MHE.
We measured in 63 controls, 43 cirrhotic patients without MHE, and 44 patients with MHE, from Hospital Clinico de Valencia, serum levels of different amino acids, cyclic guanosine monophosphate (cGMP), nitrites+nitrates, and 3-nitrotyrosine. We analyzed for each parameter its diagnostic accuracy as an indicator of MHE, as assessed using the PHES.
These studies supported that 3-nitro-tyrosine is a good marker for MHE. To validate its utility as a biomarker for MHE, we analyzed in a second cohort of 44 cirrhotic patients without MHE and 18 patients with MHE, from Hospital Arnau de Vilanova, serum levels of 3-nitro-tyrosine, methionine, and citrulline. Citrulline (173±17%), methionine (173±16%), and 3-nitro-tyrosine (857±92%) were increased in sera from patients with MHE when compared with those without MHE. The receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis of 3-nitro-tyrosine for the diagnosis of MHE in the first cohort showed an area under the curve (AUC) value of 0.96 (95% confidence interval 0.93-0.99). At the cutoff of 14 nM, the specificity was 93%, sensitivity 89%, and positive and negative predictive values were both 91%. When the same cutoff was applied to the second cohort, the specificity was 83% and sensitivity was 94%. The positive and negative predictive values were 70 and 97%, respectively.
This pilot study, to be validated in a larger cohort, shows that determination of 3-nitro-tyrosine in serum, which is easy and not time consuming, is useful to identify patients with MHE, with good sensitivity, specificity, and positive and negative predictive values.
To document the existence and prevalence of adolescent-generated diabetes management techniques.
One hundred forty-four adolescents completed the confidential questionnaire developed for this study. Glycohemoglobin was also obtained for each individual.
Within the 10 days before their clinic visit, many adolescents admitted to engaging in various mismanagement behaviors, with 25% admitting to missing shots. Parents tend to underestimate adolescent mismanagement. Missing shots was significantly related to poor control (P < 0.01). Older adolescents engaged in more mismanagement than their younger cohorts (P < 0.001). The questionnaire factored into two subscales: blatant mismanagement and faking.
This study shows the importance of recognizing the prevalence of mismanagement among adolescents.
The purpose of this study was to determine how the components of psychosocial adjustment to diabetes predict adherence to nutrition recommendations based on self-reported successful completion of contingency contracts. The relationships between the components of psychosocial adjustment and adherence to nutrition recommendations were examined in a convenience sample of patients with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus participating in a contingency contracting intervention with nurses. Patients completed a standardized instrument, the Diabetes Care Profile, at the time they were enrolled into this randomized clinical trial. High and low levels of adherence to nutrition recommendations were identified by a median split of the number of contingency contracts completed for adherence to nutrition recommendations. Subjects who reported higher regimen adherence and a higher support ratio (received more diabetes-specific social support than desired) were significantly less likely to engage in contingency contracting for adherence to nutrition recommendations.
Objective:
To develop a taxonomy of everyday situations that create obstacles for adherence to dietary management in patients with diabetes.
Subjects:
Twenty-six adults with diabetes (12 with insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus and 14 with non-insulin-dependent diabetes mellitus) were recruited from an outpatient diabetes clinic.
Main outcome measures:
Subjects were interviewed to identify problem situations that create obstacles for dietary adherence. The resulting 69 situations were judged for the presence or absence of 32 environmental features using a reliable coding system.
Statistical analysis:
A hierarchical cluster analysis was used to identify homogeneous groups of dietary adherence obstacles.
Results:
Twelve types of problem situations were identified: negative emotions, resisting temptation, eating out, feeling deprived, time pressure, tempted to relapse, planning, competing priorities, social events, family support, food refusal, and friends' support.
Conclusions:
The resulting taxonomy provides an outline for the detailed assessment of obstacles to dietary adherence. An individual's ability to cope with this array of obstacles to dietary adherence should be assessed so treatment can be individualized.