No full-text available
To read the full-text of this research,
you can request a copy directly from the author.
Investigation on the Unevenness, Tenacity and Elongation Properties of Bamboo/Cotton Blended Yarns
Abstract
This study investigated the effect of bamboo fiber, which has recently begun to be commonly used in textiles, on the performance properties of yarn. The present study used 100% bamboo yarn of 19.68 tex, which was ring-spun under industrial conditions, bamboo/cotton with varying blend ratios and 100% cotton yarns. The unevenness, tenacity and elongation at break of the yarns were measured. The effect of yarn type on these properties was analysed by analysis of variance and the Tukey test, which were used to determine statistically significant differences between yarn types. The results indicated that the ratio of bamboo fibre in the blend had an effect on the properties of yarn.
... One of the newest developments in new fiber investigations is the use of bamboo fiber in different textile products that has been applied in hygienic products, geotextiles, filters, building construction, decorating items, land stabilization, industrial belts, furniture and high performance composite materials for the last many years [Erdumlu et al. 2008, Tyagi et al. 2011, Sekerden 2011, Majumdar et al. 2011and Svetnickienė et al. 2009]. ...
... Regenerated bamboo cellulose fiber guarantees outstanding comfort in different applications. Currently, regenerated bamboo fibers are being used in apparels including intimate apparels, socks and sports textiles [Tyagi et al. 2011, Sekerden 2011, Majumdar et al. 2011and Erdumlu et al. 2008. Xu et al. (2007) analyzed the properties of bamboo viscose, Tencil and conventional viscose fibers to give an explanation the similarity and diversity in their molecular and fine structures. ...
... Bamboo -based fabrics have low amount of pilling accumulation and creasing. Bamboo/cotton blend knitted fabrics have the lowest bursting strength and best pilling grade than Bamboo/viscose and Bamboo/Modal blend knitted fabrics [Sekerden 2011, Gun et al. 2008and Alay 2010. Nevertheless, Wang (2007) investigated the poor antipilling performance of bamboo pulp knitted fabrics where he applied anti-pilling finishing process of bamboo pulp knitted fabrics using cellulose treatment. ...
This study investigated the effect of bamboo fiber, which has recently begun to be commonly used in textiles, on some physical properties of knitted fabrics. In order to investigate the difference, the results are compared to that of similar fabrics produced from 100% viscose, 100% cotton and 100% mercerized cotton yarns. Every fabric type was knitted with three levels of loop length and two levels of fabric structure. At the end, fabrics were wet processing and followed the same finishing line. For the measured properties of fabrics, the fabric bursting strength, abrasion resistance, pilling, drapability, color difference and fabric shrinkage were evaluated. The results show that all the studied properties are dependent on the fiber type, fabric tightness, while, fabric structure had a significant effect on all the studied properties except the fabric pilling grade and color difference. Major findings were that cotton and mercerized cotton knits have better bursting strength and length dimensional stability than knits containing only bamboo or viscose fibers. Knitted fabrics from bamboo yarns tend to pill less and have better drapability. Bamboo knits exhibited superior dyeing absorption and aesthetic level. Single pique knitted fabric structure was found to result in less bursting strength than plain single jersey structure.
... Blending of different kinds of fibres is widely used to reveal new alternative functional products and to improve the performance and the aesthetic qualities of yarns and fabrics [2]. Approximation of physical and mechanical properties of blended yarns has also been studied by various researchers [3][4][5][6][7][8]. ...
... In addition to these fiber types bamboo fibre is also a kind of regenerated cellulosic fibre made from bamboo pulp. Bamboo can be spun alone or with the blend of other fibres such as rayon, cotton, wool, silk, modal, etc. with regard to the required quality of the products [3][4][5][6][7]. Bamboo fibre contributes the tenacity, thermal conductivity, resistivity to bacteria and high water and perspiration adsorption of textile products [17]. ...
Regenerated cellulosic fibres are mainly used with the blends of cotton and polyester with different proportion ondifferent spinning systems to meet specific consumer demands in textile industry. This study conducts the properties andquality optimization of 19.7 tex ring spun yarns made from Viloft®, ProModal®and Bamboo regenerated cellulosic fibresblended with polyester and cotton at different proportion (100%, 67–33%, 50–50%, 33–67%). Yarn properties such astensile strength and elongation, unevenness, imperfection index and hairiness were evaluated and compared to determine the effects of blend type, fibre type and blend ratio. Furthermore, numerical optimization method wasdeveloped to estimate optimum yarn quality parameters for the best response variables of tensile strength and elongation, unevenness, imperfection index and hairiness properties.
... Blending of different types of fibres is practiced to enhance the quality characteristics of yarn by incorporating desirable properties of constituent fibres and to reduce the cost [2]. Fibre blend ratio is an important factor that determines the properties of spun yarn and is specified by the types of fibres and their ratio in the resultant mixture [3][4][5]. Modal fibre, a regenerated viscose fibre having better characteristics such as strength, moisture absorption, length uniformity, shrinkage, softness and appearance, is found to be compatible to blend with natural cotton fibre in different blend ratio to produce modal-cotton (MC) blended yarn. Modal yarn and MC blended yarn can be used to manufacture knitted fabric with desirable characteristics for various applications such as bed linen, sports and casual and inner wears [6]. ...
... The predicted values of yarn quality characteristics calculated as per equation 5 parameters such as top roller loading and break draft on blended yarn quality characteristics were investigated in this study. The results indicated that the influence of MC blend ratio on all the three yarn properties were significantly higher, which was followed by that of top roller loading and break draft. ...
The influence of Modal–cotton (MC) fibre blend ratio and ring frame machine parameters such as front top roller loading and break draft on the blended yarn properties has been studied. Compact MC blended yarn samples of 14.75 tex with three different MC fibre blend ratio has been produced in a LR 6 ring spinning frame fitted with Suessen Compact drafting system. A robust design optimisation to minimise the variations of the output yarn properties such as blended yarn tenacity, yarn unevenness and hairiness caused because of the variations in the material as well as machine setting parameters is achieved through the Taguchi parametric design approach. It is found that the maximum compact MC blended yarn tenacity is 23.76 g/tex, which is influenced very much by MC fibre blend ratio but meagrely by top roller loading and break draft. Similarly, the minimum 9.54 U% and 3.59 hairiness index are achieved with 100:0 and 70:30 MC fibre blend ratio, respectively, at 23-kg top roller loading. Statistical ANOVA analysis is performed on the results and optimum values are obtained within the 95% confidential level through confirmation experiments.
... Sekerden investigated the effect of fibres on the performance properties of yarn, measuring the unevenness, tenacity and elongation at break of bamboo and cotton yarns. The results indicated that the ratio of bamboo fibres in the blend affected the properties of yarn (Sekerden, 2011b). He also studied the dimensional stability, bending rigidity and comfort properties of bamboo, cotton and bamboo/cotton woven fabrics with different weave types. ...
... He also studied the dimensional stability, bending rigidity and comfort properties of bamboo, cotton and bamboo/cotton woven fabrics with different weave types. It was found out that the weave type affects the physical and mechanical properties of the fabric more than the fibre mix and type in the weft yarn (Sekerden, 2011b). ...
With the growing demand for more comfortable, healthier and environmentally friendly products, research and development has been increasingly focusing on new environmentally friendly materials and products. One of the environmentally friendly materials is the bamboo fibre with its numerous favourable performing properties. The use of bamboo fibres increases every year, which was the main reason for choosing yarn from the mixture of lyocell fibres and natural bamboo fibres with the ratio 80/20 for the research. With the research, the tensile behaviour of woven fabrics with cotton yarn in warp and lyocell/natural bamboo yarn in the weft direction in comparison with cotton woven fabrics was studied. Twelve fabrics which differed in their construction properties were designed and produced. Two different weaves were chosen, i.e. plain and twill weave, and three different densities in weft. The results of the research show that the presence of lyocell/natural bamboo yarn in the weft direction improves the mechanical properties such as breaking stress, stress in the yield point, elasticity modulus in the weft direction of analysed fabrics, while in the warp direction, the weave type and weave density express a greater influence on the mechanical properties of analysed fabrics.
... It is breathable, cool and extremely soft; it has a pleasant lustre, it rapidly absorbs water and is antibacterial. Yarns of bamboo fibre provide the desirable properties of high absorbency, antimicrobial behaviour and result in a soft feel in textiles and made ups [4]. It is also very hygroscopic, absorbing more water than other conventional fibres such as cotton and polyester. ...
... Extensive research has been carried out to investigate the thermal comfort behaviour of knitted fabrics [3][4][5][6][7]. Oglakcioglu and Marmarali [8] studied the thermal properties of cotton and polyester basic knitted structures and found that each knitted structure tends to show quite different thermal comfort properties. ...
In this work, the thermal comfort properties of bamboo knitted fabrics have been studied in relation to loop length and yarn linear density. The objective was to determine the influence of fabric factors such as loop length and the constituent yarn linear density on the fabric properties such as air permeability, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and relative water vapour permeability. Yarns with linear densities of 20 s Ne, 25 s Ne, 30 s Ne with the same twist levels were used to construct the fabrics of single jersey structure with loop lengths of 2.7 mm, 2.7 mm and 3.1 mm. The anticipated increase in air permeability and relative water-vapour permeability with a decrease in yarn linear density and increase in loop length was observed. In general, the thermal conductivity and thermal resistance tended to increase with the constituent yarn linear density but decreased with an increase in loop length.
... It is breathable, cool and extremely soft; it has a pleasant lustre; it rapidly absorbs water and is antibacterial. Yarns of bamboo fibre provide the desirable properties of high absorbency, antimicrobial behaviour and a soft feel in textiles and made ups [6]. It is also very hygroscopic, absorbing more water than other conventional fibres, such as cotton and polyester. ...
... Extensive research has been carried out to investigate the thermal comfort behaviour of knitted fabrics [3][4][5][6][7][8]. Oglakcioglu et al. [10] analysed the thermal properties of cotton and polyester basic knitted structures and found that each knitted structure trends to show quite different thermal comfort properties. ...
In this research, the thermal properties of bamboo single jersey knitted fabrics have been studied in relation to stitch length and yarn linear density in tex. The objective was to determine the influence of fabric factors like stitch length and the constituent yarn linear density on fabric properties, such as air permeability, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and relative water vapour permeability. Yarns with linear densities of 19.6, 23.6, 29.5 tex and with the same twist level were used to construct the fabrics of single jersey structure with stitch lengths of 0.27, 0.29 and 0.31 cm. The anticipated increase in air permeability and relative water vapour permeability with decrease in yarn linear density and increase in stitch length was observed. The thermal conductivity and thermal resistance tended in general to increase with constituent yarn linear density but decreased with increase in stitch length.
... Benang merupakan komponen utama dalam industri tekstil yang memainkan peran krusial dalam menentukan sifat mekanis dan fungsional produk akhir (Purnomo, 2024). Karakteristik benang, termasuk kekuatan tarik, elastisitas, dan ketidakrataan, sangat dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, seperti jenis dan panjang serat, jumlah puntiran, serta jumlah rangkapan benang (El-Sayed & Abd-Elkawe, 2021;Sekerden, 2011). Pemahaman yang komprehensif mengenai faktor-faktor ini sangat penting dalam meningkatkan performa produk tekstil serta menyesuaikannya dengan kebutuhan konsumen. ...
Benang merupakan salah satu komponen utama dalam industri tekstil yang menentukan sifat mekanis dan fungsional produk tekstil. Kekuatan tarik dan mulur benang dipengaruhi oleh berbagai faktor, termasuk jumlah rangkapan dan pemberian twist. Meskipun penggunaan benang rangkap telah banyak diterapkan dalam industri tekstil untuk meningkatkan kekuatan mekanis, masih diperlukan kajian lebih lanjut mengenai pengaruh jumlah rangkapan terhadap sifat fisik benang, khususnya kekuatan tarik dan mulur. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengevaluasi pengaruh jumlah rangkapan dan twist terhadap sifat mekanis benang. Tahapan awal penelitian melibatkan pembuatan benang rangkap dengan variasi jumlah rangkapan (dua dan tiga) serta aplikasi twist pada benang menggunakan mesin doubling dan TFO. Pengujian kekuatan tarik dan mulur dilakukan menggunakan alat instron sesuai dengan standar SNI 7650:2010. Data hasil pengujian dianalisis menggunakan analisis varians (ANOVA) untuk menentukan signifikansi pengaruh jumlah rangkapan dan twist terhadap sifat mekanis benang. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa semakin tinggi jumlah rangkapan, semakin tinggi pula nilai kekuatan tarik dan mulur benang. Selain itu, benang yang diberikan twist memiliki kekuatan tarik yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan benang tanpa twist. Namun, peningkatan twist menyebabkan penurunan nilai mulur karena struktur benang menjadi lebih kaku. Dengan demikian, jumlah rangkapan dan tingkat twist menjadi parameter penting dalam optimasi desain benang untuk aplikasi industri tekstil.
... In addition to being extremely cool to the touch and nonirritating, bamboo fabric has a built-in antibacterial quality. For this reason, it is appropriate for those with sensitive skin (Sekerden 2011). According to Sumithra and Amutha (2016), the 50% Bamboo Cotton web that was completed with G. parviflora had excellent wound healing properties as well as strong antibacterial activity against S. aureus and E. coli. Figure 4 depicts the antimicrobial activity. ...
Recent advancements in wound treatment have led to the emergence of more advanced textile wound dressings, offering promising opportunities to aid in the wound-healing process. This study explores the development of an eco-friendly bamboo-cotton bandage in three various proportions, 50:50, 30:70, and 70:30, with enhanced antimicrobial and wound-healing properties by incorporating herbal extracts like Vitex Negundo and Galinsoga parviflora. Through blending bamboo-cotton in various proportions, notably in the 30/70 ratio, significant improvements in moisture-wicking, breathability, and antibacterial activity were observed. The results demonstrate a decrease in fabric thickness due to the absorbent nature of bamboo fibers, leading to enhanced absorbency of herbal solutions and compact fabric formation. Additionally, the herbal finishing treatments led to improved air permeability and tensile strength of the bandage. The antimicrobial efficacy against common bacteria like Staphylococcus aureus and Escherichia coli was noticeably enhanced in the bamboo-cotton samples coated with herbal extracts. Fourier Transform Infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy confirmed the interactions between herbal extracts and bamboo fabrics, further validating the efficacy of the herbal treatments. The findings suggest that the integration of traditional herbal knowledge with modern textile technology can lead to sustainable bandages with superior therapeutic benefits which aid faster healing and reduce infection risks.
... highly durable and lightweight, Bamboo fibres can be used to create a wide variety of products [35], [36]. In addition to its conventional use in furnishings and clothes [35], bamboo fibres are the foundation for the high-tech composite materials that are available today and provide lightweight, high-performance substitutes [37]. As people spend the third of their lives sleeping [38]. ...
The headboards on upholstered beds can become a breeding ground for harmful microbes, but this problem can be addressed by using antimicrobial upholstery materials. Researchers have developed vegan leather made from bacterial cellulose found in KOMBUCHA that can be used as a sustainable alternative to traditional leather. The goal of this study was to reinforce KOMBUCHA leather with fabrics to create an anti-microbial ergonomic s' comfort bed. The study used different cellulosic materials (KOMBUCHA, cotton and bamboo with woven and knitted constructions) to reinforce the KOMBUCHA SCOBY layer. Laboratory tests were conducted on the produced samples, including tests for anti-microbial properties, weight, thickness, thermal conductivity, tensile strength, elongation, young modulus, and peeling force. The results showed that all types of fabric had a significant effect on KOMBUCHA properties. The researchers used reinforced KOMBUCHA with bamboo knitted fabrics gauge 20 to create a miniature model of an antimicrobial bed with a comfortable headrest. A single layer of KOMBUCHA was utilized to create a lighting unit located next to the bed due to its transparency properties and low thermal conductivity.
... Bamboo fabric has a natural antimicrobial property, and is also very cool to the touch and non-irritating. It is therefore suitable for people with sensitive skin [27,28]. Based on the above, this research aimed to investigate multiple performance characteristics of cotton and bamboo fibres blended with trilobal polyester microfiber (Y), especially for the ultraviolet protection factor and electrostatic behaviour. ...
Resistance to ultraviolet radiation and electrostatic charge is a basic property that must be considered in the manufacture of fabrics, particularly in light of the climate changes affecting people around the world in various regions, especially in subtropical and tropical regions. It has thus become necessary to focus on the use of different natural fibres to mitigate UV transitions and the formation of electrostatic charges. The aim of this research was to enhance the protection of the ultraviolet effect and reduce electrostatic charge formation by blending cellulose yarns (bamboo and cotton) with trilobal polyester microfiber yarn that has characteristics such as lightweight, low-thickness, high strength, and shine. Knitted samples were produced from two different structures according to their tightness factor (single jersey and fleece structures), the various functional properties of the produced fabrics, such as mass per unit area, thickness, air and water permeability, and bursting strength, were tested. The properties of electrostatic charge and the ultraviolet protection factor (UPF) were also determined. The findings indicate that the samples produced with bamboo resulted in a preferable performance with different structures, especially when considering electrostatic charge and UPF properties. Moreover, the fleece structure had a more significant effect on knitted samples’ behaviour than the single jersey (plain) structure.
... The physical properties of knitted fabric samples were evaluated before and after chemical processing. The weight/grams per square meter (GSM) of all fabric samples was measured using the ASTM D 3776 standard method [19]. The thickness of the samples was determined according to the ASTM D1777 [20]. ...
This paper investigates the development of fabric materials using several blends of inherently fire-resistant (FR) fibers and various knitted structures. The samples are evaluated with respect to their performance and comfort-related properties. Inherently fire-resistant fibers, e.g., Nomex, Protex, carbon and FR viscose, were used to develop different structures of knitted fabrics. Cross-miss, cross-relief, and vertical tubular structures were knitted by using optimum fiber blend proportions and combinations of stitches. Several important aspects of the fabric samples were investigated, e.g., their physical, mechanical and serviceability performance. Thermo-physiological and tactile/touch-related comfort properties were evaluated in addition to flame resistance performance. An analysis of mechanical performance indicated that the knitted structure has a significant influence on the tensile strength, bursting strength and pilling resistance. The cross-relief structure proved to be the strongest followed by the cross-miss and vertical tubular structures. The FR station suits made from 70:30 Protex/Nomex exhibited the best combination of tensile and bursting strength; therefore, this material is recommended for making a stable and durable station suit. Interestingly, it was also concluded from the experimental study that knitted samples with a cross-relief structure exhibit the best fire-resistance performance. Fiber blends of 70:30 Protex/Nomex and 70:30 Nomex/carbon were found to be optimum in terms of overall performance. The best flame resistance was achieved with Nomex:carbon fiber blends. These results were confirmed with vertical flammability tests, TGA, DTGA and cone calorimetry analysis. The optimization of blend composition as well as knitting structure/architecture is a crucial finding toward designing the best FR station suit in terms of mechanical, dimensional, thermal, thermo-physiological and flame resistance performance.
... Clothing made from blended yarn consists of several fibres, and exhibits superior quality relative to clothing made from single-fibre yarn [6]. The critical factors that determine the properties of spun yarn are the ratio of fibre in a blend and type of fibre used in that blend [7,8]. Blending consists of orientations of more than one type of fibre in the yarn body, such that the components of each element remain unchanged at every point of the yarn, throughout the yarn length [9]. ...
Cotton-polyester is a common and popular fibre blend in the textile industry nowadays. Its main advantage is that it improves the functional properties of clothing and textile products. In this study, fibre-blended, sliver-blended and roving-blended yarns with a fineness of 23 tex were manufactured using a ring spinning system, with blend ratios of cotton and polyester fibres of 50:50, 60:40 and 70:30. The quality parameters of the produced yarn, such as mass variations, imperfections, hairiness and bundle yarn strength, were studied. The end breakage rate of the ring frame machine was also studied during the manufacturing of the yarns. The results were analysed using multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA) to determine the significance of the impact of the blending method and blending ratio on yarn quality and the end breakage rate of the ring frame machine. The profile plots were analysed from statistical and technical points of view. Among the three blended yarns, fibre-blended yarn demonstrated the best results in terms of mass variations and imperfections due to better blending homogeneity, while roving-blended yarn demonstrated better results in terms of hairiness. Among the blended yarn, fibre-blended yarn demonstrated the highest bundle yarn strength value, while the corresponding end breakage rate of the ring frame machine recorded the lowest value. The yarn quality was improved in terms of mass variations, imperfections, hairiness and bundle yarn strength by increasing the polyester fibre percentage in the blend ratio.
... In comparison to cotton fibres it absorbs more water. [16,17] Knitted garments are known to exhibit great comfort properties. They not only allow for ease of movement and excellent stretch ability, they also have great handle and facilitate easy transmission of water vapour from the body. ...
... In comparison to cotton fibres it absorbs more water. [16,17] Knitted garments are known to exhibit great comfort properties. They not only allow for ease of movement and excellent stretch ability, they also have great handle and facilitate easy transmission of water vapour from the body. ...
... Bamboo can be utilized alone or may be blended with other fibres such as rayon, cotton, wool, silk, modal, etc. according to the required quality of the products. Bamboo fibre contributes the tenacity, thermal conductivity, resistivity to bacteria and high water and perspiration adsorption of textile products [9]. Majumdar et al. investigated the thermal properties of different knitted fabric structures produced from cotton, regenerated bamboo, and cotton/bamboo blended yarns. ...
... The physical properties of bamboo yarn including breaking tenacity and elongation at break decreases as the yarn becomes thinner. So that the yarn count in ring spinning is most important parameter to obtain good strength of yarn [8,9]. And the elongation vales of bamboo yarn are relatively high. ...
The purpose of personal protective equipment is to be a layer of protection for the healthcare workers and to act as a barrier from contact with the biological hazards in the form of fluids and aerosol particle. These PPE suits are mostly nonwoven materials, made by polymer fibers since it has good protection but these nonwoven PPE are disposable and also non-biodegradable. The strength of these non-woven fabrics are comparatively low. An alternate to the nonwoven PPE can be developed to come across these disadvantages. The regenerated bamboo fiber possess natural anti- microbial properties and has been used in the production of medical textiles. The anti-microbial fiber which is developed by injecting an anti-microbial agent to viscose fiber tends to be high protective. The mechanical properties of yarn and fabric is so important in the development of woven PPE. The fabric weave should be more compact structure to act as a barrier and the yarn used should be of fine count so that the thread count of the fabric can be higher. Higher the thread count, more compact weave can be achieved. Thus in this paper the mechanical properties of yarn and fabric parameters needed for the development of reusable PPE from the bamboo fiber, anti-microbial fiber with different blend ratio of 100% Bamboo fiber, 100% Anti-microbial fiber, 50:50, 65:35 and 35:65 has been studied. The mechanical properties of yarn such as yarn count, yarn twist, yarn strength and elongation, wicking and the parameters considered for the development of fabric has been analyzed for five samples and the result conclude the best for the development of reusable PPE.
... Bamboo can be utilized alone or may be blended with other fibres such as rayon, cotton, wool, silk, modal, etc. according to the required quality of the products. Bamboo fibre contributes the tenacity, thermal conductivity, resistivity to bacteria and high water and perspiration adsorption of textile products [9]. Majumdar et al. investigated the thermal properties of different knitted fabric structures produced from cotton, regenerated bamboo, and cotton/bamboo blended yarns. ...
This study investigates some comfort properties of cotton and polyester fabrics blended with varying ratios (%) of regenerated cellulosic fibres including Viloft®, ProModal®, and bamboo fibre. 23 types of woven samples made of Viloft®, ProModal®, and bamboo regenerated cellulosic fibres blended with polyester and cotton at different proportions (100%, 67/33%, 50/50%, 33/67%) besides with 100% cotton and 100% polyester fabrics were produced. Woven samples were subjected to some comfort tests including air permeability (mm/sec), wicking rate (mm/sec), water absorption ratio (%), and water vapour permeability index was also obtained. Statistical test results regarding fibre type, fibre blend components, and blend ratio (%) on fabric comfort properties were evaluated by using the SPSS program. In the content of this experimental work, it was revealed that fibre type, fibre blend components, and blend ratio have a significant effect on some comfort properties such as air permeability, wicking rate, and absorption ratio. However, those parameters did not have any significant effect on the water vapour permeability index at a 95% significance level.
... The low WPI and CPI result in a loose fabric structure, leading to low thermal conductivity [1]. The thermal conductivity of polyester fabric is inherently higher than that of other widely used fibres [14] with a decrease in the thickness of the fabric [15][16][17].As can be seen from Figure 2, the value of thermal conductivity decreases as the loop length decreases. As the loop length increases, the compactness of the fabric decreases, resulting in a decrease in fibre content in the fabric structure. ...
This research focused on the thermal comfort behaviour of polyester with respect to the type of yarn (spun, micro denier, continuous filament and hollow), linear density of the yarn (111 and 166 dtex), and the loop length of knitted fabric (0.25, 0.27 and 0.29 cm).The air permeability of continuous filament yarn fabric and micro denier yarn knitted fabrics was noted to be higher than that of spun yarn knitted fabrics. 111 dtex micro denier yarn fabric has the highest air permeability and 111 dtex spun yarn fabric the lowest air permeability value among all the other fabric samples. Comparatively, coarser spun yarn fabric has lower air permeability characteristics than finer microdenier fabric.The water permeability of the fabric shows a significant difference between the spun yarn, continuous filament yarn and Micro denier yarn knitted fabrics and between the linear density of the yarn. The water vapour permeability of spun yarn of 166 dtex single jersey fabric is higher, while the water vapour permeability of continuous filament yarn fabric of 166 dtex is lower. The thermal conductivity value is high for continuous filament polyester fabric of 100 D and low for microdenier polyester fabric of 166 dtex. Based on the statistical analysis, it is clearly shown that there are significant differences between the three different polyester yarn fabrics of two different denier of the same fabric. Furthermore, the count and different polyester yarn affect the comfort properties of single jersey fabrics.
... The physical properties of bamboo yarn including breaking tenacity and elongation at break decreases as the yarn becomes thinner. So that the yarn count in ring spinning is most important parameter to obtain good strength of yarn [8,9]. And the elongation vales of bamboo yarn are relatively high. ...
... 18 Pada benang mélange, tenacity secara signifikan dipengaruhi oleh microfiber. 19,20,21 Nilai sifat dari kerapatan linear serat atau yang biasa dikenal dengan kehalusan serat dapat berkisar dari sekitar 130-230 mtex. Semakin tinggi nilainya maka serat akan semakin kasar. ...
... Blending of different types of fibres is practiced to enhance the quality characteristics of yarn by incorporating desirable properties of constituent fibres and to reduce the cost [2,3]. Fibre blend ratio is an important factor that determines the properties of spun yarn and is specified by the types of fibres and their ratio in the resultant mixture [4][5][6]. Among the different blends cotton-polyester, cotton-wool, wool-acrylic, cotton-nylon, jute-acrylic, cotton -rayon etc. are common. ...
Fibre blend ratio is an important factor that determines the properties of spun yarn. Modal is a regenerated manmade fibre and free from short fibres, neps, and impurities. In this paper, the influence of modal fibre percentage on the properties of cotton-modal blended yarn was studied. Cotton-modal blended yarn with blend ratio of 80:20, 70:30 and 50:50, and 100% cotton yarns of 30 Ne were produced in ring spinning frame. The experimental results showed that the yarn quality parameters such as irregularity, thick places, thin places, neps, Imperfection Index and hairiness of 100% cotton are higher than cotton-modal blended yarn. With the increase of modal fibre percentage, the quality of blended yarns was improved than 100% cotton yarn. The unevenness of cotton-model blended yarn was decreased by 22% with the increase of model fibre proportion from 0 to 50%. In regards to the count strength product value, the cotton-modal blended yarns showed an increasing trend with increasing of modal fibre percentage in the blend ratio. It can be attributed that the absence of short fibres in modal fibre which phenomena was contributed to the yarn properties with increasing the modal fibre percentage. Increasing modal fibre proportion was reflected in the considerable enhancement of cotton-modal fibre blended yarn quality.
... Sekerden also investigated the unevenness and tenacity properties of regenerated bamboo/cotton blends. In both studies, it was found that increasing bamboo content in the blend affected the quality parameters [3]. Li and Yan studied the tensile properties of regenerated bamboo yarn in different tensile speeds [4]. ...
This study aims to investigate the frictional and other important yarn properties such as unevenness and hairiness of cotton/bamboo blended yarns. For this purpose, %100 cotton, %50/%50 cotton/bamboo and %100 bamboo ring spun yarns were produced in five different twist coefficients (ae: 3.5; 3.7; 4.0; 4.2; 4.5) and in four different linear densities (Ne 16/1; 20/1; 24/1; 28/1). General factorial design was used for analyzing the data. In conclusion, the highest friction coefficient and the lowest hairiness were obtained for the pure bamboo blends; whereas, the highest unevenness values were observed in pure cotton
... It is breathable, cool and extremely soft; it has a pleasant luster; it rapidly absorbs water and is antibacterial. Yarns of bamboo fiber provide the desirable properties of high absorbency, antimicrobial behavior and a soft feel in textiles and made ups [11]. It is also very hygroscopic, absorbing more water than other conventional fibers, such as cotton and polyester. ...
Mosquito nets provide protection against mosquitoes, other dangerous insects and thus against the diseases they may carry. The nets must have a specific construction to provide safe and reliable protection against mosquito bites. The required textile parameters include a defined number of mesh holes, adequate air circulation suitable for a tropical climate and specific strength, so that the mosquitoes cannot make holes in them. Since bamboo naturally contains anti-bacterial components, bamboo mosquito nets are an effective way to naturally combat and is therefore also suitable for people with allergies. This paper presents an experimental study of the functional performance properties of a various open warp-knitted structures made of bamboo fibres which are specially developed for mosquito nets. Differences in net structures and functional properties are the result of different loop constructions, different sizes of openings and different of mesh density. The physical reasons of these differences are discussed.
... Filiz Sekerden (2011) studied that the effect of the yarn and weave types on the physical and mechanical properties of the bamboo blended fabrics were examined. He found that the weave type affected the physical and mechanical properties of the fabric more than the fibre mix and type in the weft yarn. ...
Thermal comfort characteristics of plain woven fabrics made out of 30s Nec cotton in warp and 30s Nec100% bamboo, bamboo/cotton blended yarns in weft have been studied. The fabric characteristics such asair permeability, wicking, thermal resistance, relative water permeability related to comfort characteristicsare discussed. The experimental results show that 30s Nec cotton in warp and 30s Nec bamboo in weft plainwoven fabric exhibits higher air permeability when compared to other samples, 30s Nec cotton in warp and30s Nec bamboo in weft plain woven fabric shows very low thermal resistance and higher wicking rate thanother samples. Relative water permeability value of 30s Nec cotton in warp and 30s Nec bamboo in weftfabric is higher and that of 30s Nec cotton both in warp and weft fabrics are lower when compared to othersamples. Key Words: Thermal properties; Air-permeability; Water-vapour permeability; Thermal resistance; Wickability
... The studies in literature mostly focused on comparing the yarns containing single fiber type to the binary-blended yarns containing the same fiber type and another (e.g. 100% bamboo and various blends of bamboo/CO [Prakash, Ramakrishnan, & Koushik, 2011;Sekerden, 2011]) or the binary blends with different ratios to each other (e.g. 75/ 25% PES/CO and 50/50% PES/CO). ...
Mixture spinning aims to bring together the best properties of two or more fiber types into one single yarn. In mixture spinning, while some fiber types have impacts to increase the yarn strength, the other fiber types may have impacts to improve the yarn unevenness values. In this study, it is aimed to obtain a regression model that predicts the unevenness (CVm%) of polyester/viscose/acrylic (PES/CV/PAN)-blended OE-rotor spun yarns. For this purpose, the methods of statistical analysis as analysis of variance and Combined Analysis were used. In the context of experimental design, basic parameters affecting the yarn unevenness were selected as: the type of fiber mixture (by carding machine or drawframe), blend ratio (from 0 to 100% at five different rates), and the yarn count (24, 30 and 36 tex). As a result, a statistically significant (p = 0.05) model has been established to estimate the unevenness of PES/CV/PAN blended OE-rotor yarns. In addition, two-dimensional surface graphics have been created to view CVm% values according to the fiber ratios in ternary mixtures. For all of the yarn samples, the increase in acrylic ratio has been found to have positive impact on the CVm% values.
... The thickness and mass per square meter of the fabrics containing bamboo fibre are also therefore 123 lower than those of the corresponding cotton fabrics ( Table 1). The lower hairiness of the bamboo blended yarns may be another contributing factor towards the better air permeability [18]. ...
In this study, the thermal properties of 100% cotton, 50/50 cotton/bamboo and 100% bamboo single jersey fabrics with differing yarn linear density are evaluated and analysed. The linear densities of the yarns composing the fabrics are 20s, 25s, 30s Nec and the twist level in the yarns is kept the same. An increasing the presence of bamboo fibre in the fabric causes a reduction in fabric thickness and GSM for all linear densities of yarn. Air permeability and water-vapour permeability also increase with increase in bamboo fibre content while both thermal conductivity and thermal resistance show a decreasing trend. As the constituent yarn gets finer, fabric air and water-vapour permeability both increase in value while the thermal conductivity falls.
Thermal comfort properties are very important factors for knitted fabrics. Optimized comfort properties are demanding during the design of garments, especially for sportswear, outerwear and underwear. Knitted fabrics produced from regenerated fibers other than cotton are highly preferred due to their eco-friendly, environmentally friendly and superior performance properties. In this study, the comfort properties of woven fabrics were investigated. In this study, single jersey knitted fabrics with cotton 100%, bamboo 100%, Modal 100%, Tencel 100% and Cotton/Bamboo (50:50%), Cotton/Modal (50:50%), Cotton/Tencel (50:50%) blend ratios were used. Bursting strength, strength, pilling, air permability, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and water-vapor permeability properties of single jersey knitted fabrics were investigated. The results of the study showed that the thermal comfort (busting strength, piiling, air permability, thermal conductivity, thermal resistance and water-vapor permeability) of Tencel 100% and Cotton/Tencel (50:50%) single jarsey knitted fabrics were the best. T-shirts were produced by evaluating the obtained data.
In this paper, the antibacterial activity of various blend ratios of bamboo and cotton fibers was assessed qualitatively. It was found that incorporation of regenerated bamboo fiber did not drastically increase the antibacterial property of the resulting fabric. In fact, limited bacteriostatic property was observed in the case of the sample containing as high as up to 75% bamboo fiber. Thus, the study supports the reports stating that the regeneration process of bamboo results in significant loss of its antibacterial properties. Pile fabric (terry towel) was also considered and it was observed that the pile area showed inferior bacteriostatic property. This is attributed to the lack of contact between the pile portion of a fabric and the nutrient providing medium for bacterial growth. This is considered to be an important finding that could be beneficial for the relevant industry that is involved in developing antibacterial textiles.
In today's textile industry, as an alternative to the fibers used for many years, many natural, regenerated or synthetic fiber types have emerged. Researches show that the use of new fiber and their blends provides positive results so that products with more comfortable and better properties can be obtained. At this point, it was seen that determining the yarn properties which affect the product characteristics before the production takes place has important advantages. In this study, regenerated fibers such as bamboo, viscose, modal, lyocell, promodal, micromodal were used. The yarns were spun 100 % and 50% cotton blends of these fibers and physical properties of the yarns were examined and statistically analyzed.
In order to overcome the shortage of cotton fiber and cotton fiber production in China and Pakistan, the study on how to achieve the desired quality parameters for yarn blended from cotton and regenerated bamboo was carried out. In this paper, seven kinds of blended yarn with different blended ratios and same linear density and twist levels were developed. It can be found that the yarn unevenness characteristic was affected by the blended ratio of cotton and regenerated bamboo fiber. If the content of the bamboo fiber is increased, then the unevenness of the yarns will decrease. For the tenacity and the tensile strength of the yarns, the affection of the fiber content is not very obvious. The morphological structures of the blended yarns were also identified with different blended ratio of cotton and bamboo fibers. The thermal gravimeter analysis shows that the weight loss of the blended yarns decreases with the increasing of the bamboo fiber portion. It can be further observed by the FR-IR spectrometers that the reflectance percentage of yarns increases as decreasing of the bamboo fiber portion.
The exponential increase in population increases the demand on food, energy, water, resources and chemicals, and affects a corresponding increase in environmental pollution and a depletion of finite resources. Biodegradable polymers and the fibres that can be produced from them are very attractive in offering a possible solution to waste-disposal problems. Nevertheless, in a world with limited resources and many environmental impacts, it is obvious that sustainable life and industrial styles are also becoming important. With these concerns, new biodegradable fibres: polylactic acid (PLA), bamboo, Tencel ® SUN and soybean protein fibres (SPF) and their applications in textiles are reviewed. The effects of fibre types on yam properties are also discussed in this review.
This study aimed to determine the optimal process parameters of needle-punched nonwo-
ven fabrics, and obtain the maximal strength of needle-punched nonwoven fabrics. The
Taguchi approach and grey relational analysis were used to solve the multi-quality opti-
misation problem and determine the optimal process parameter combination of needle-
punched nonwoven fabrics. The L9 orthogonal array was used to design parameters that
affect the needle-punched nonwoven fabric process, including the folding machine oscillat-
ing speed, folding machine conveying speed, needle-punch depth, and needle-punch den-
sity. Then grey relational analysis was used to overcome the single quality characteristic
disadvantage of the Taguchi approach, and the optimal process parameter combination
of multiple quality characteristics was obtained from the response graph of the analysis.
The quality characteristics of this experiment are the nonwoven fabric tearing strength
and tensile strength. Signal-to-noise ratios (S/N ratio) were calculated and an analysis of
variance (ANOVA) was conducted to analyse the experiment results. The results of ANOVA
showed that the factors with a significant effect on the quality characteristics of needle-
punched nonwoven fabrics included the needle-punch depth and needle-punch density. In
other words, by controlling these factors the quality characteristics of the needle-punched
nonwoven fabrics could be controlled effectively. Finally, the 95% confidence interval of
the verification experiment proved that this experiment was reliable and reproducible
This paper presents a study on the thermal properties of single-jersey knitted fabrics manufactured using ring, compact and ring/compact folded yarns. The variations in thermal properties depending on the yarn twist and traveller weight of folded yarn single-jersey knits were discussed. It was found that the thermal resistance of knitted fabrics generally increases as the traveller weight decreases, and also water vapour permeability reduces as the traveller weight decreases. The water vapour permeability and air permeability of knitted fabrics increase as the twist increases. The thermal conductivity of knitted fabrics decreases as the twist increases. The air permeability and water vapour permeability values were higher for compact folded yarn fabrics as compared to those values of ring and ring/compact folded yarn fabrics. It is observed that yarn twist and traveller weight have affected different thermal properties of single-jersey folded yarn fabrics.
Bamboo fibres are gaining more and more attention on the world market. Producers claim that their products are made from natural, ecological material of many exceptional properties characteristic for natural bamboo fibres. There are many obscurities involving bamboo fibres, which lead potential clients to misunderstandings. In the world a campaign is underway to reveal the truth behind these questionable fi bres. In this paper, the authors try to prove, by scientific means, that so-called bamboo fibres are in reality man-made viscose fibres made from bamboo cellulose.
To develop new products, bamboo shijira fabric is compared with conventional cotton shijira fabric. Results show that in shijira fabric : 1) Cotton has more resistance to breaking and more resistance to surface abrasion than bamboo. 2) Compressibility ratio in cotton is higher than in bamboo. 3) Cotton is thicker than bamboo under lighter load and both are similar under heavier load. 4) Warp water absorption speed in cotton is faster and higher than in bamboo. 5) Drying property in cotton is higher than in bamboo. 6) Conventional cotton is superior to bamboo in emphasizing crepe produced by the rib weave of shijira fabric.
Bamboo viscose, a new cellulose-based textile material was investigated for biomedical applications such as ultraviolet protective
ability and antimicrobial activity. Untreated bamboo viscose fabric was found to afford poor protection against UV radiation
and also possessed minimal antimicrobial properties. To enhance UV protection characteristics, fabrics were subjected to different
treatments viz., dyeing; finishing with commercial UV absorbers; and one-bath dyeing and finishing with UV absorber. Treatment
conditions were optimized with regard to the concentration of UV absorber and dye. Results obtained showed that the UPF values
increase with increase in UV absorber and dye concentration. Subsequently, a single bath process to apply both antimicrobial
and UV protective treatments to bamboo fabric was studied. Results showed that both treatments are compatible for application
from a single bath. The effectiveness of the antimicrobial agent was not adversely affected by the presence of an UV absorber
and the treated fabric also retained excellent UV protective properties.
In this study, the dimensional and some physical properties of plain knitted fabrics made from 50/50 bamboo/cotton blended
yarns are investigated. In order to see the differences and similarities, the results are then compared with those for similar
fabrics knitted from 50/50 conventional viscose/cotton and 50/50 modal/cotton blended yarns. Each fabric type was produced
with three different stitch lengths. After all fabrics were dyed under identical dyeing conditions, they were subjected to
dry and full relaxation treatments. For dimensional properties of fabrics, course, wale and stitch densities were measured.
Then, by calculating statistically best-fit lines passing both through the experimental points and the origin, dimensional
constants i.e. k values were predicted in terms of the fiber types. The result show that each fabric type knitted from bamboo/cotton, viscose/cotton
and modal/cotton blended yarns behaves in a similar manner. However, in both dry and fully relaxed states, the modal/cotton
knitted fabrics tend to have slightly higher k values than the bamboo/cotton and viscose/cotton knitted fabrics. For physical properties, fabric weight per unit area, thickness,
bursting strength, air permeability and pilling were evaluated. The results show that the weight, thickness and air permeability
values are independent of the fiber type. Plain knitted fabrics from modal/cotton blended yarns have the highest bursting
strength values. Plain knitted fabrics from bamboo/cotton blended yarns tend to pill less.
This paper presents the development of composites for ecological purposes (Eco-composites) using bamboo fibers and their basic mechanical properties. The steam explosion technique was applied to extract bamboo fibers from raw bamboo trees. The experimental results showed that the bamboo fibers (bundles) had a sufficient specific strength, which is equivalent to that of conventional glass fibers. The tensile strength and modulus of PP based composites using steam-exploded fibers increased about 15 and 30%, respectively, due to well impregnation and the reduction of the number of voids, compared to the composite using fibers that are mechanically extracted. The steam explosion technique is an effective method to extract bamboo fibers for reinforcing thermoplastics.