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The Relationship Between Body Image and Self-esteem
Abstract
Body image is one of the significant components of the individual’s self-concept that provides the opportunity to reach a more healthy physical and mental state. In this way, the perception of our body and those feelings, which are associated with this image greatly influence not only our self-concept, but our self-esteem, too. The aim of my study was to understand better the relationship between body image and self-esteem, as well as my long-term objective is to provide a more effective assistance for individuals with negative self-concept that is based on poor body image. I used Figure Rating Scale (Stunkard et al., 1983; Thompson Altable, 1991) and Rosenberg Self-Esteem Scale (Rosenberg, 1965) by young adults in my study. The results confirmed closed correlation between the examined factors. Major differences between the perceived and ideal body images predicted lower level of self-esteem. Furthermore, in many cases, distortions of visual perception were also explored by individuals with negative body image. Additional researches are needed to understand better the development of self-concept and its connection with self-esteem.
... The movement echoes Islamic Impact of a conceptualization of beauty values in a sense that marketers should not excessively manipulate consumers' irrational drives (Kadirov, 2014;Wilson, 2016). The perceptions of outer beauty significantly contribute to personal physical and mental states (Szabo, 2015). Literature concerning body disorders have highlighted the importance of broadly conceptualizing beauty, as it is a major facet in creating a positive body image (Bailey et al., 2015;Tylka and Iannantuono, 2016;Tylka, 2012;. ...
... Literature concerning body disorders have highlighted the importance of broadly conceptualizing beauty, as it is a major facet in creating a positive body image (Bailey et al., 2015;Tylka and Iannantuono, 2016;Tylka, 2012;. Psychologically, the impact of a negative perception of the body and distortion of the ideal beauty image can develop into disorders and body image disturbances (Tylka and Iannantuono, 2016;Szabo, 2015) causing individuals to be dissatisfied with their own beauty (Tylka and Iannantuono, 2016;Szabo, 2015). Research has established that not only do such beauty perceptions influence self-esteem but also the self-concept (Szabo, 2015). ...
... Literature concerning body disorders have highlighted the importance of broadly conceptualizing beauty, as it is a major facet in creating a positive body image (Bailey et al., 2015;Tylka and Iannantuono, 2016;Tylka, 2012;. Psychologically, the impact of a negative perception of the body and distortion of the ideal beauty image can develop into disorders and body image disturbances (Tylka and Iannantuono, 2016;Szabo, 2015) causing individuals to be dissatisfied with their own beauty (Tylka and Iannantuono, 2016;Szabo, 2015). Research has established that not only do such beauty perceptions influence self-esteem but also the self-concept (Szabo, 2015). ...
Purpose
Marketers of beauty products capitalize on consumers’ perception of beauty to enact a price placebo effect through setting high prices to insinuate a superior performing product. Yet, in the context of growing alternative beauty movements emphasizing inner beauty and self-acceptance, little is known on how the effect of price on a product’s perceived effectiveness and satisfaction is bounded by different modes of beauty conceptualization (BC). Hence, this study aims to investigate how distinct perceptions of beauty impact the effectiveness-based and satisfaction-based price placebo effects in Muslim-majority markets such as Turkey compared to markets largely driven by Western values such as New Zealand.
Design/methodology/approach
This research is based on a quasi-experimental factorial design based on the manipulation of the level of price for a beauty product and the observation of the extent of BC. The sample included 144 participants from Turkey and 147 participants from New Zealand.
Findings
This research finds that the manipulation of the price (low vs high) equally activates the effectiveness-centered price placebo effect in both countries. When expectations are taken into account, the (satisfaction-based) price placebo effect is non-existent in New Zealand, while in Turkey the higher price leads to an opposite effect: a significant decrease in satisfaction. It is also found that the effect of price on effectiveness is moderated by BC. In both countries, the price placebo effect is activated only when consumers narrowly conceptualize beauty, while this effect does not hold for broad conceptualizers. The effect of BC on the price placebo appears to be stronger in New Zealand in comparison to Turkey.
Practical implications
Marketing managers’ awareness of different perceptions of beauty and how these may influence the price placebo effect in different cultures would allow them to decide what strategies are most appropriate for different groups of customers. For example, by pursuing the movement toward inner beauty and its broad conceptualization, high-end brands are likely to compromise opportunities to capitalize on the price placebo effect. On the other hand, this alternative perspective may cultivate profound satisfaction in the long-term.
Social implications
The price placebo effect disappears when people conceptualize beauty from a broad (inner) perspective. This suggests that public policymakers, to counteract the negative effects of misleading marketing and to create fair exchanges, must promote broad BC in society.
Originality/value
This study contributes to the body of the existing research on price placebo by offering unique insights into the boundary conditions of the price placebo effect underscored by BC in two distinct cultural-religious settings. Also, it proposes two different variations of price placebo, namely, effectiveness-centered vs satisfaction-centered. From a methodological point of view, it is the first project in the Islamic marketing discipline that applies the Islamic perspective on causality.
... In some women, low selfesteem stems from a negative body image, and can resulted into a negative body image in others (Yaman & Ayaz, 2015).Women after hysterectomy reported that they avoidance of people because of the way women felt about appearance and in same manner have ability to do things as well as most other people. Also, (Kékes Szabó, 2015) reported that body image is one of the significant components of the individual's self-concept that provides the opportunity to reach a more healthy physical and mental state. The perception of the body and those feelings, which are associated with this image greatly influence not only self-concept, but also self-esteem. ...
... The perception of the body and those feelings, which are associated with this image greatly influence not only self-concept, but also self-esteem. Furthermore, in many cases, distortions of visual perception were explored by individuals with negative body image (Kékes Szabó, 2015). ...
... It was further suggested that the more individuals compared themselves to others, the more they experience dissatisfaction with their bodies (Myers and Crowther 2009). Strong links have been found between body esteem and self-esteem, highlighting the fact that body esteem and ideal body images are strong predictors of low self-esteem (Heider et al. 2015;Szabó 2015). Reel et al. (2015) argue that adolescence is a vital stage for individuals developing a positive or negative body image. ...
... Heider et al. (2015) explored links between body dissatisfaction and ideal body image among women. It was found that the desire to be thin was stronger in individuals who reported higher body dissatisfaction, showing that internalisation of the thin ideal can influence body dissatisfaction (Szabó 2015). Research conducted by El Ansari et al. (2014) suggests that women are significantly more likely than men to report greater body dissatisfaction and body image concerns. ...
Research into the effects of social media on personal wellbeing have been controversial in recent years, with research highlighting links between social media use and body esteem. This conceptual replication study aimed to explore relationships amongst social media use, body esteem, and gender amongst UK university students (n = 100). Participants completed measures of social media use and body esteem. It was hypothesized that social media intensity and usage would negatively predict body esteem, with high social media intensity relating to lower body esteem. We find that gender was the only significant predictor of body esteem, with women having lower body esteem compared to men. We were unable to replicate previous findings, as our findings show no relationships amongst social media intensity, use, and body esteem.
... However, as body image increasingly permeates various aspects of our social landscape (Nezlek, 1999;Tiggemann, 2004), it is crucial to recognize it as a potential determinant of employee turnover intention that warrants greater attention in organizational psychology and human resource management. To begin with, negative body image is frequently accompanied by psychological distress, including lowered self-esteem (Szabó, 2015) and increased anxiety or depression (Paans et al., 2018). These emotional states can adversely affect employees' job satisfaction and engagement (Innstrand et al., 2012), leading to a heightened desire to seek alternative employment (Timms et al., 2015). ...
This study explores the impact of negative body image on employee turnover intentions, integrating perspectives from various academic disciplines and examining the role of perceived discrimination. Data were collected from 860 full-time U.S. employees across different industries and analyzed using quantitative methods. The findings reveal that negative body image significantly influences turnover intentions both directly, through employees' self-perceptions, and indirectly, via perceived workplace discrimination. Employees with negative body image feelings are therefore more likely to perceive discrimination, which, in turn increases the likelihood of them leaving their job. Limitations include a focus on full-time U.S. workers, which may not reflect part-time or international employees, and a reliance on self-reported data. The research highlights the importance of encouraging positive body image in the workplace to improve employee well-being and reduce turnover. The study offers practical recommendations for organizations, HR professionals, and policymakers to create supportive environments that address the effects of body image and discrimination, contributing new insights into micro-level management outcomes.
... A repeated measures ANOVA was performed on a Linear Mixed Model (LMM), which included Condition (i.e., Baseline, Egocentric and Allocentric) as a fixed effect and BE score (BES_Tot) as a covariate. This is because of the possible impact esteem with own body might have on body image [55,57]. ...
The multifaceted nature of body experience, encompassing affective, cognitive, and perceptual components, plays a critical role in the development and persistence of conditions such as anorexia nervosa (AN). Recent research attempted to address such disturbance to improve therapeutical effectiveness, using mirror exposure (ME) and body-swapping (BS) techniques in immersive virtual reality (VR). Procedures from a third-person perspective—as mirror-like experiences—were primarily used to address bodily cognitive and affective components, whereas first-person ones—as BS—were used to correct distorted body perception. This study investigated the effect of spatial reference frame on body self-consciousness and body perception during BS. Data revealed two main findings: Even though embodiment was significantly enhanced when participants engaged with a virtual body from a first-person viewpoint, both egocentric and allocentric perspectives influenced body size estimation (BSE), suggesting that both spatial perspectives critically form and sustain body self-perception. We discussed predictive coding theory to explain spatial perspective influence on body experience, highlighting the potential therapeutic benefits of incorporating first and third-person perspectives on body illusions (BIs) for more effective interventions targeting body-related disturbances.
... To start with, negative body image is frequently accompanied by psychological distress, encompassing lowered self-esteem (Szabó, 2015) and heightened anxiety or depression (Paans et al., 2018). These emotional states can detrimentally impact employees' job satisfaction and engagement (Innstrand et al., 2012), elevating their desire to seek alternative employment (Timms et al., 2015). ...
This study examines the impact of negative body image on employee turnover intentions, bridging various academic disciplines and exploring the role of perceived discrimination. Data from 860 full-time U.S. employees across different industries were analyzed using quantitative analysis. Results indicate that negative body image significantly influences turnover intentions both directly, through employees' self-perceptions and indirectly, via perceived workplace discrimination. Employees with negative body image feelings are more likely to perceive discrimination, increasing their desire to leave. Limitations include a focus on full-time U.S. workers, potentially not reflecting part-time or international employees, and reliance on self-reported data. The research highlights the importance of fostering positive body image in the workplace to enhance employee well-being and reduce turnover. It provides practical suggestions for organizations, HR professionals, and policymakers to create supportive environments addressing body image and discrimination impacts, contributing novel insights into micro-level management outcomes.
... Improving a negative body image has traditionally been the main goal of therapeutic interventions and body image research (Levine & Smolak, 2018). In general, psychological treatment tends to correct a person's dysfunctional thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (Kékes Szabó, 2015). Regardless of positive body image, this may simply promote a neutral body image at best (Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015). ...
Background and Purpose: This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Positive Body Image among Adolescents Scale (PBIAS-P) in Tehran, Iran, in order to better understand adolescents' positive perceptions of their physical selves and the accompanying thoughts and emotions. Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out involving adolescents from Tehran Province, Iran, in 2022. Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed in order to evaluate the construct validity of the PBIAS-P. Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and intraclass correlation coefficients were also used to confirm the internal consistency of the scale. Results: The findings indicate that three factors extracted from the PBIAS-P account for 50.1% of the total variance. The model fit is considered good based on cut points for various fit indices. All factors had values of Cronbach's alpha, McDonald's omega, and average interitem correlation above .73, .74 and .4, respectively. Also, test-retest reliability for three factors was acceptable. Conclusions: The PBIAS-P has acceptable validity and reliability in Iranian adolescents, making it useful for researchers, psychologists, and health care professionals.
... Improving a negative body image has traditionally been the main goal of therapeutic interventions and body image research (Levine & Smolak, 2018). In general, psychological treatment tends to correct a person's dysfunctional thoughts, feelings, and behaviors (Kékes Szabó, 2015). Regardless of positive body image, this may simply promote a neutral body image at best (Tylka & Wood-Barcalow, 2015). ...
Background and Purpose: This study evaluated the validity and reliability of the Persian version of Positive Body Image among Adolescents Scale (PBIAS-P) in Tehran, Iran, in order to better understand adolescents’ positive perceptions of their physical selves and the accompanying thoughts and emotions.
Methods: This cross-sectional study was carried out involving adolescents from Tehran Province, Iran, in 2022. Both exploratory factor analysis and confirmatory factor analysis were performed in order to evaluate the construct validity of the PBIAS-P. Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and intraclass correlation coefficients were also used to confirm the internal consistency of the scale.
Results: The findings indicate that three factors extracted from the PBIAS-P account for 50.1% of the total variance. The model fit is considered good based on cut points for various fit indices. All factors had values of Cronbach’s alpha, McDonald’s omega, and average interitem correlation above .73, .74 and .4, respectively. Also, test–retest reliability for three factors was acceptable.
Conclusions: The PBIAS-P has acceptable validity and reliability in Iranian adolescents, making it useful for researchers, psychologists, and health care professionals.
... This evaluation process encourages individuals to think about the gap between the reality of their body and the ideal body image. This gap harms self-esteem and distorts visual perception (Szabó, 2015). Body image is a critical component of an individual's self-concept, and provides opportunities to achieve a healthier physical and mental state. ...
Catcalling incidents are a form of street harassment that occurs in public spaces, conducted by strangers through verbal expressions and behavioral intentions with sexual nuances. This research investigates the psychological dynamics of catcalling events as women perceive them. A qualitative method involves a phenomenological approach and recruiting four participants using purposive sampling. Data were collected from semi-structured interviews, with thematic data analysis using the qualitative data management software NVivo 12. The trustworthiness strategy of the research includes reflexive journaling during the thematic analysis process and a participant-checking procedure. The findings show that catcalling incidents contribute to negative feelings and destructive self-perceptions. In the short term, the psychological impacts of catcalling include fear and worry, discomfort, anxiety, and increased alertness when facing unsafe situations, while the long-term impacts include feelings of guilt, criticism of one’s body shape and appearance, and feeling ashamed of one’s identity as a woman. The research argues that negative body images resulting from catcalling incidents contribute to the risk of low self-esteem.
... While SFG has a large emphasis on body image and may be why this construct had the greatest increase, the separate measures in this study for body image and self-esteem could have made it more difficult to distinguish the data between the two constructs. Body image is largely related to self-esteem, as these results support, acting as a major contributing factor in an individual's concept of their self-worth [57]. Improvements in self-esteem could have been overshadowed by the measures of body image. ...
Adolescent girls report low physical activity levels and poor body image and self-esteem. This study evaluated the impact of a girls’ health intervention on body image, self-esteem, and physical activity enjoyment. The intervention was grounded in self-determination theory, resulting in lessons designed to promote autonomy, competence, and relatedness. The two primary components of the intervention included opportunities for girls to learn about resistance training as well as ways to improve their psychosocial health (i.e., body image, self-esteem, and physical activity enjoyment). Girls (n = 590), in the intervention (Mage = 12.79, SD = 0.69) and control group (Mage = 12.92, SD = 0.73), completed pre and post measures. A repeated measures MANOVA was conducted to assess changes in body image, self-esteem, and physical activity enjoyment. The intervention resulted in a significant increase in body esteem-appearance, F = 9.23, p = 0.003, and body esteem-weight, F = 4.77, p = 0.029, and a greater, non-significant, increase in self-esteem (3.22%), and physical activity enjoyment (4.01%) compared to the control group. This highlighted the use of the intervention for significant improvements in appearance and weight-related body image. The results support implementing psychosocial lessons, as well as physical activity, in health programming for girls.
... The development of body image is said to be influenced by the cultural attitudes related to appearance, body shape, and attractiveness [11], while the inability to match the media's portrayal of a 'body ideal' puts the individual at an increased risk of developing a distorted body image [4,5]. Unfortunately, a significant dissociation between perceived body image and body ideal can damage the individual's self-concept, accentuate body dissatisfaction, and induce disordered eating behaviors such as laxative use or vomiting, ultimately leading to the obsessive pursuit of weight loss to match the body ideal [12][13][14]. Previous studies explain how poor body image can influence self-esteem which consequently results in low body-esteem, the latter characterizing the self-conceptualization of one's body with respect to feelings and self-evaluation [15,16]. ...
Purpose: Individuals with body image distortions tend to develop an obsession with calorie intake and weight, leading to compounded coping strategies such as modified eating behaviors, supplement use, and excessive exercise. In the local context, little is known about the equation connecting body image to improper eating behaviors and other potential coping mechanisms. This study primarily aims at critically identifying the nexus between features of disordered eating behavior including supplement use, and body image. Methodology: A probabilistic randomized sample of 305 gym members was assessed based on their level of body satisfaction and its influence on their eating habits and supplement use through a structured survey. Findings: Only 37% of the participants were satisfied with their body image. The results concurred with the notion of a poor body image influencing body esteem (χ2 (10) = 137.21, p < 0.05; Cramer V = 0.474). While exercise motivated the use of supplements, a significant relationship was also observed between disordered eating habits and supplement use (χ2 (4) = 48.63, p < 0.05; Cramer V = 0.399). A predictive model was successfully drawn inclusive of the disordered eating behaviors dimensions as a potent predictor of body image (χ2 (56) = 397.12, p < 0.001. Implications: This study presents an in-depth analysis of the magnitude of disordered eating behaviors with respect to individuals in the local fitness industry, and the need for professional support programs toward the re-alignment of body image in an effort to curtail the development of eating disorders in Mauritian gym-goers.
... For instance, an inverse association between obesity and depressive symptoms was found in postmenopausal women with lower education levels, whereas no such association was observed in better-educated women (Jasienska et al., 2005). Moreover, there are reports that body image, rather than obesity, is associated with lower selfesteem, which can be a significant predictor of depressive symptoms (Kékes Szabó, 2015;Noh et al., 2018). A study conducted on midlife women in the USA suggested that depressive symptoms were not directly correlated with weight per se in postmenopausal women after adjustment for available confounders (Schreiber and Dautovich, 2017). ...
Aims
There has been increasing evidence of hormonal changes during reproductive events that lead to mood changes. However, studies on the severity of psychological problems according to the menopausal stage are limited. Thus, this study aimed to investigate the association between menopausal stages, depression and suicidality.
Methods
A total of 45 177 women who underwent regular health check-ups between 2015 and 2018 at Kangbuk Samsung Hospital were included. Participants were stratified into four groups (pre-menopause, early transition, late transition and post-menopause) based on the Stages of Reproductive Aging Workshop Criteria. The Center for Epidemiological Studies-Depression scale (CESD) was used to evaluate depressive symptoms, and the degree of depressive symptoms was classified as moderate (CESD score 16–24) or severe (CESD score ⩾ 25). To measure suicide risk, we administered questionnaires related to suicidal ideation.
Results
Overall, the prevalence of CESD scores of 16–24 and ⩾ 25 was 7.6 and 2.8%, respectively. Menopausal stages were positively associated with depressive symptoms in a dose-dependent manner. Multivariable-adjusted prevalence ratios (PRs, 95% confidence intervals) for CESD scores of 16–24 comparing the stages of the early menopausal transition (MT), late MT and post-menopause to pre-menopause was 1.28 (1.16–1.42), 1.21 (1.05–1.38) and 1.58 (1.36–1.84), respectively. The multivariable-adjusted PRs for CESD scores ⩾ 25 comparing the stages of the early MT, late MT and post-menopause to pre-menopause were 1.31 (1.11–1.55), 1.39 (1.12–1.72), 1.86 (1.47–2.37), respectively. In addition, the multivariable-adjusted PRs for suicidal ideation comparing the early MT, late MT and post-menopause stages to the pre-menopause stage were 1.24 (1.12–1.38), 1.07 (0.93–1.24) and 1.46 (1.25–1.70) ( p for trend <0.001), respectively.
Conclusions
These findings indicate that the prevalence of depressive symptoms and suicidal ideation increases with advancing menopausal stage, even pre-menopause.
... Self-esteem is reported to have a significant impact on important life outcomes including health and social outcomes during adolescence and adulthood [3]. Crosssectional studies tend to display a close relationship between self-esteem and eating disorder [13]. In general, high self-esteem refers to favorable evaluations of the self, and low self-esteem refers to unfavorable evaluations of the self [14]. ...
Objective: Research indicates there is a link between self-esteem, depression and eating disorders. Studies point toward depression as the intervening variable in the relationship between self-esteem and eating disorders. The main objective of this study was to see whether low self-esteem has an impact on eating attitude through the mediator depression among female students. Method: Convenience sampling technique was employed in this cross-sectional study wherein bilingual versions of Rosenberg's Self Esteem Scale, Becks Depression Scale, and the Eating Attitude Test were administered to 217 female university students. Before conducting this study written informed consent was taken from the respondents. Participation was voluntary. Statistical analyses were conducted using Path analysis. Sobel test was done to confirm the mediating effect. Results: Simple mediation analysis depicted that the association between self-esteem and eating attitude was reduced from total effect (c; =-.513, p = .008), but remained significant after including depression into the model (c'; =-.409, p = .007), direct effect. This indicates partial mediation of the model. Therefore, it could be inferred that depression partially mediated the relationship between self-esteem and eating attitude. Conclusion: The present findings are consistent with extant research literature, in proposing that depression increases the risk for eating disorders. These findings warrant further investigation into the clinical characteristics of eating disorders and therapeutic optimism.
... It has been shown to be a consistent predictor of well-being (Du et al., 2017). There is also an extensive literature showing a consistent relationship between body image and self-esteem across all ages (Kékes Szabó, 2015;Lowery et al., 2005). One might argue that new mother's perceived parenting competence and satisfaction would impact on their self-esteem, and there is some evidence pointing in that direction. ...
Background: How mother’s recall their experience of childbirth, their concerns about body image, their sense of competence in parenting, and their combined sense of self-esteem are all factors with the potential to impact on mental well-being.
Method: A total of 234 women, who had given birth within the past 3 years, completed a survey comprised of the Birth Memories and Recall Questionnaire, the Parenting Sense of Competence Scale, the Warwick–Edinburgh Mental Well-being Scale, the Rosenberg Self-Esteem Questionnaire and the Body Shape Questionnaire.
Results: Mothers who have higher body dissatisfaction show significantly lower well-being, self-esteem and perceived parenting competence. Mothers who experienced higher levels of mental well-being were found to have higher levels of perceived parenting competence and self-esteem, and those who experienced higher levels of self-esteem were also found to have higher levels of perceived parenting competence.
Conclusion: Memories of the birth experience, perceived postpartum body image, parenting sense of competence and self-esteem have a combined and complex relationship with mental well-being. Health care professionals should inform mothers about the body changes which may occur throughout the postpartum period, to encourage mothers not to be deceived by media images and to stress the importance of realistic expectations following giving birth.
... Myers and Crowther (2009) suggest that the more individuals compared themselves unfavourably with other individuals, the higher their self-dissatisfaction would be. A correlation has shown the link between body image and self-esteem, individuals that highlighted differences between their perceived body and the perceived ideal body were strong predictors to have decreased self-esteem (Heider, Spruyt and De Houwer, 2015;Szabó, 2015). All of this research suggests that there are dangers of comparing one's body type with others. ...
This research investigated body image in a group of British female athletes to find out their thoughts and feelings about their appearance, and if they felt this impacted on their athletic careers in any way. The athletes were interviewed individually being asked about their perception of bodies. Four key themes were identified which were analysed using thematic analysis: body image pressures, gender differences, body comparisons and the media. All of the participants reported feeling they had to maintain a certain appearance, and all felt pressure from outside influences, including the media and from the uniforms they had to wear for their sports. A number of suggestions and recommendations have arisen from the findings, including a need for interventions to maintain a positive body image in female athletes, as well as considerations for factors such as uniform choice, and support from coaches.
... The results of that study confirmed that there was a closed correlation between the body image, the self-concepts, and self-esteem. Results have shown that between the perceived and ideal body images have a major difference which predicted lower level of self-esteem [3] The distortions of visual perception were found in many cases in adolescents. This negative body image pursuit them to choose the newest design of exercise and dietary intake. ...
... Pasha et al. 15 in their study reported the reliability of this scale using split-half method and Cronbach's alpha to be 0.79 for the Form A and 0.55 for the Form B, generally indicating acceptable values. In another study, 18 the Cronbach's alpha values were estimated to be .69 and .60 for the Form A and Form B, respectively. ...
BACKGROUND
This study aimed to identify the impact of cosmetic surgery on married women’s marital satisfaction and self-concept in Tehran.
METHODS
This study was causal-comparative research. The study population consisted of all women having or applying for cosmetic surgery in Tehran over the second half of 2015. Convenient random sampling was used to select the participants. Enriching and Nurturing Relationship Issues Communication and Happiness (ENRICH) marital satisfaction questionnaire and Rogers’ Self-concept Inventory were used to collect data.
RESULTS
The study sample included 44 individuals having facial cosmetic procedures, 51 individuals applying for cosmetic surgery and 55 non-applicants (ordinary people). There were significant differences in terms of marital satisfaction and its components between the cosmetic surgery applicants and surgery group and control group. The cosmetic surgery applicants revealed higher levels of satisfaction in comparison with the surgery and control groups regarding the components’ personality, conflict and leisure. Considering the component marital relationship, the applicant group had higher satisfaction than control group. With regard to the components financial management and relatives and friends, the applicant group had higher satisfaction, in comparison to the control group. The control group had better self-concept than the surgery and applicant groups.
CONCLUSION
Expectation for postoperative positive outcome is an important factor affecting high level of marital satisfaction in surgery applicants. Furthermore, the component self-concept is also a significant predictor of having or applying for cosmetic surgery.
... (Ghanbarinezhad & Zarinbakhsh, 2015). Also, there is a direct correlation between self-esteem and self-efficacy (Amozadeh, 2012). ...
This study experimentally tested the effects of taking a one-week break from social media (SM) on body image and self-esteem among young women. Female undergraduate students (N = 66) were randomly assigned to either take a one-week break from SM or continue their normal use (control condition). State self-esteem and body satisfaction were measured at baseline (Time 1) and one week later (Time 2). As predicted, participants in the break condition reported higher body satisfaction and higher state self-esteem (total, performance, social, and appearance domains) at Time 2 than did those in the control condition, controlling for Time 1 scores. The benefits of taking a break from SM on body satisfaction were especially pronounced for women with higher baseline levels of thin-ideal internalization. The findings demonstrate the short-term benefits of taking a break from SM for one week on self-esteem and body image among young women.
The aim of this study was to test the possibility of predicting awareness of physical appearance, life satisfaction and self-esteem based on individual sets of predictors that are closely related to physical activity, awareness of one’s own morphological characteristics, and the use of sports nutrition supplements. People aged 18-56 years participated in the study. The study involved 552 women and 141 men. The results indicate the statistical significance of positive predictors of self-esteem and the amount of physical activity involved to the criterion variable of awareness of one’s physical appearance. Significant positive predictors of life satisfaction were self- esteem, body awareness and the amount of physical activity involved, and a negative predictor was the use of sport supplements. In the final model, significant predictors of self-esteem were found to be self-esteem, self-awareness, and life satisfaction, all positively related to self-esteem.
This chapter takes a biopsychosocial approach and uses the Tripartite Influence Model to explore how body image influences adolescents. Instead of focusing on solely one factor that might exacerbate body image concerns for the adolescent population, the chapter investigates various sources and mechanisms throughout an adolescent's development from which body image disturbance may originate, ranging from pubertal factors to the media. It also offers a comparison of body ideals and body image concerns across cultures, further showcasing the way body image is constructed. Research does suggest that body image can be improved. Thus, a range of interventions to promote positive body image are discussed, relying on methods from cognitive-dissonance to Dance and Movement Therapy.
Influence of young adults on social media and body image perception and how it affects self-esteem was analyzed. The social media has proven to be the strongest contributor to sociocultural ideas about physical dissatisfaction, and therefore unhappiness, low self-esteem, and physical ideals, height, and weight associated with eating disorders. A total of 100 people participated in the study, 50 of whom were male and 50 of whom werefemale .A relatively positive correlation between social media addiction and self-esteem was found in the analysis. Which depicted a change of result from most of the previous research that the self-esteem of the person increases with the increase of use of social media. As well as a positive relationship in self-esteem and body image was found.
This study was conducted to develop a 26-week obesity management program and examine the effects of this program on obesity index (body mass index, fat mass percentage, and triglyceride) and psychological variables, self-esteem, dietary self-efficacy, physical activity self-efficacy, and body image among 46 4th-6th obese elementary school children with a BMI above 20kg/m^2 using a nonequivalent control group quasi-experimental design (experimental group
This cross-sectional study was conducted to determine the relationship established between self-esteem and body image dissatisfaction, as subjective variables among young, female Romanian university students. Purpose of Study: We hypothesize that young women's body dissatisfaction is related to their self-esteem level. The second purpose of this study is to verify whether self-esteem level and body size acceptance, which are subjective variables, are significantly correlated with BMI as an objective variable. Subsequently, we intend to estimate which range self-esteem in our research group is determined by self-perception of the body and what role BMI plays in this equation. Methods: The data were collected using measurements and questionnaires from a random sample of 160 female students (19-21 y.o.) assumed to be healthy and educated, with constant physical activity and having an urban lifestyle. Using descriptive statistics for each variable, we analyzed summaries of the sample and the collected data. For pares of variables we calculated the Pearson correlation coefficient (r), and we tested its statistical significance using the "t" test. Findings and Results: The BMI mean value - 20.93 kg/cm2 (SD = 3.30) is equivalent to a slander figure, corresponding to an average height of 1.65 m (SD = 0.06) and an average weight of ~ 57 kg (56.99 kg; SD = 9.70). A prevalence of body dissatisfaction was reported, with 79% of girls reporting being unpleased with their physical appearance. Self-esteem and body dissatisfaction were in a significant negative correlation: r (158) = - 0.36, p< .0005. We found a consistent, statistically significant correlation between BMI and body dissatisfaction (r (158) = 0.56, p< .0005). An important part (31%) of body dissatisfaction is determined by BMI and subsequently by weight and fat deposits. Conclusions and Recommendations: Due the statistical correlations calculated for self-esteem, body image dissatisfaction and BMI, we can conclude that self-esteem is better correlated with other subjective parameters (body image) than with objective and relatively stable measurements (BMI in our research). BMI values are useful predictors of body dissatisfaction risk among young females. Physical activity results in certain improvements in the physical and psychological parameters researched in the present paper. Therefore, we made some recommendations regarding motivation, exercise enjoyment and communication techniques aimed at promoting physical activities among young women.
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