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Assessment of Air Pollution caused by Oil Investments in Basra Province-Iraq
Abstract
The Air pollution causes a huge amount of problems which leads to global negative effects, such as global warming and its effects on the climate and general health. In addition, the effect on environment in general; causing political struggles and all of these problems are affected from air pollution, and can be summarized as follows (Al-Ajmi, 2008; Al-Jurani, 2012; Al-Nasser, 2003; Kazem, 2012):
... O 3 concentrations increase in winter this may be a result of the photochemical reactions of nitrogen oxides. Generally, the concentrations of CO, NO 2 , SO 2 , and HCs are recorded by the previous studies for the last ten years in the region are high [16] analyze the concentration of some air pollution in Basrah city, they found that concentration of CO is 300 ppm. [17] reports that CO concentrations range from 10 mg/L to 80 mg/L, while [14] states that the average concentration is 27 mg/L. ...
Gaseous pollutants such as HCs, NOx, SOx, O3, and CO2 are measured using the portable detection instrument (Drager Chip-Measurement System), whereas portable instrument of RK1 Gas Monitoring Eagle II, used for detected the pollutants of CH4, H2S, and CO. The results of the regional mean concentrations of the gasses at present study show that: The highest concentration of the gases (CO, CO2, NOx, SOx, H2S, CH4 and HCs) is at station 10 (27.517, 312.475, 2.655, 3.15, 3.367, 14.597 and 14.060 ppm) and the lower is at station 1 (18.755, 270.4, 1.042, 2.227, 2.36 , 11.765 and 11.240ppm), while The highest mean concentration of O3 gas is at stations5, 9 (0.1ppb) and the lower is in station 1 (0.08ppb). The result of the seasonal gasses show that the highest mean of the gasses (CO, CO2, NOx, SOx, H2S, CH4, HCs and O3) concentrations are recorded during winter (23.946, 307.58, 1.898, 2.921 , 3.131, 13.731, 13.508 ppm and0.104ppb respectively ) while the lower are during summer (22.389, 289.09, 1.49, 2.432, 2.457, 12.468, 12.076 ppm and 0.084ppb). With respect to spatial variably of studied parameters, the parameters concentrations in studied stations gradually increase from station 1 to station 5, and then significantly decrease at station 6 and finally increased to station 10. The fluctuation in concentrations of concentrations in stations is due to distance from the flame of the flare which is near to the stations 8,9,10 and far to the stations 1,2,3,4,5,6,7, while the seasonal concentration arranges as following: winter >spring >autumn>summer.
Iraq suffers from electricity shortages, and many challenges will have to be overcome to meet future increases in electrical demands. This investigation found that solar, wind and biomass energy are not being utilized sufficiently at present, but these energies could play an important role in the future of Iraq’s renewable energy. Additionally, the potential of offshore-wind energy in the Gulf (near Basrah in the southern part of Iraq) needs to be investigated. The Iraqi government's attempts to utilize renewable energy have been discussed. This paper aims to review and discuss the status and future of renewable energy in Iraq. The uses of renewable energy sources, such as solar, wind and biomass, have been reviewed. This paper concludes with recommendations for the utilization of these energy resources.
Climatic changes and their impact on the environment. The World of thought magazine 37
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