Des approches multi-omiques pour caractériser la fin du développement foetal et mieux comprendre le déterminisme de la maturité à la naissance en lien avec la survie néonatale.

Abstract

Selection for high prolificacy and lean growth rate in swine has been associated with a substantial increase in piglet mortality. The first 24‐48 hours after birth represent a critical period for survival. A major determinant for early survival is piglet maturity at birth which relies greatly on the process of tissue maturation during the last month of gestation. The objective of this study was to compare the progenies from Large White (LW) and Meishan (MS) breeds which differ for piglet survival and neonatal mortality. This project proposes multi‐disciplinary and multi‐omic approaches to identify the molecular and genetic basis related to maturity and perinatal survival. The metabolome was analyzed on plasma, urine, and amniotic liquid on 612 fetuses: it displayed higher heterogeneity at the end of gestation. The transcriptome of adrenal glands, muscle, liver, subcutaneous adipose tissue, and small intestine and the proteome of muscle and adipose subcutaneous tissue were analyzed on 64 fetuses. The first analyses identified the biological processes involved in development and maturity, and key genes that may explain the differences observed between LW and MS.