The Language of Space
... For a traditional classroom environment, the social distance usually corresponds to the front rows of pupils (Lawson 2001). Within this distance, pupils can clearly hear the voice of the teacher and have good visibility of the whiteboard and the audiovisual materials, which usually are located at the front of the classroom. ...
... Beyond the distance of 4 m, the feeling of contact and interaction with a person begins to get lost. In this sense, Gehl (2010), Gehl and Svarre (2013) and Lawson (2001) point to the importance of working carefully with the senses and the distances within the area of teaching and learning. However, research has been limited regarding the architectural dimension of the classroom in relation to the interaction between pupils and the sources of information. ...
... Over the last decades, the collective works of designers and researchers (Holl 2011;Lawson 2001;Pallasmaa 2012), have brought attention to the way in which spaces interact and interrelate with the social world, with recent calls for a return to the study of people as a foundational unit of analysis (Gehl and Svarre 2013). ...
We argue that the traditional physical environment is commonly taken for granted
and that little consideration has been given to how this affects pupil–teacher interactions. This
article presents evidence that certain physical environments do not allowequal visual interaction
and, as a result, we derive a set of basic guiding principles that could contribute to the
improvement of classroom design.Discussions about research on the design of classroomspaces
and the methods to evaluate them articulate the rationale for this study.We seek to accomplish
this by focusing on two fundamental variables of the face-to-face communication process: visual
and distance. They are discussed in the context of four classroom case studies. The method is
based on a hybrid approach composed of first-hand video-photographic records, isovist analysis
and proxemic information regarding distances. The conclusions suggest that the proportion and
spatial configuration of a classroomhave a substantial impact on the number of pupils receiving
high-quality visual interaction with the teacher. Finally, the importance of integrating experiential
analysis in the architectural design process to ensure the quality and equality of the
interaction among the protagonists of the teaching and learning process is highlighted.
... Tanto en términos filosóficos como de la experimentación , la enseñanza y la realización de la arquitectura han crecido significativamente. Las ideas de Pallasmaa (2012) sobre el papel del cuerpo humano como centro de la percepción y la conciencia, así como sobre la importancia de los sentidos en la articulación, almacenamiento y procesamiento de las respuestas y pensamientos sensoriales, se han reforzado y confirmado por numerosos escritores (Lawson, 2001; Gehl, 2010; Holl, 2011). A pesar de la importancia que esta percepción espacial presenta para la interacción, apenas se ha introducido en el discurso teórico arquitectónico donde las teorizaciones sobre arquitectura y las prácticas proyectuales se han preocupado, principalmente, por la forma (Pallasmaa, 2012). ...
... La distancia, por ende, no es abstracta ya que está estrechamente ligada con la forma en que las personas se relacionan entre ellas y con el entorno que las rodea. No es un simple continuo, sino que cuenta con una serie de " umbrales " de percepción que determinan la forma de interacción entre personas (Lawson, 2001). El antropólogo americano Edward T. Hall (1959;brinda un resumen detallado de la historia evolutiva de la especie humana y una primera aproximación a la importancia de los sentidos en relación al espacio. ...
... Una vez que se comienza a medir, reunir y sistematizar las observaciones personales, los conceptos como escala humana, sentidos y necesidades toman un significado más concreto. Estos conceptos ya no son incorporados como una idea luego de finalizado el proyecto, sino se incorporan naturalmente desde el comienzo del diseño para las`personas´(las`personas´las`personas´(Lawson, 2001; Gehl y Svarre, 2013). Este objetivo informa y orienta esta investigación. ...
This paper presents a strategy for experiential analysis in the traditional classroom environment to determine architectural features to contribute to the understanding and improvement of the pupil – teacher interaction. The methodology includes the analysis of the following topical propositions: visual, proxemic and kinetic in four classroom environments. The conclusions suggest that this hybrid methodological corpus allows for the identification and quantification of significant perceptual variations in relation to the proportion of the classroom space. It also emphasizes the importance of integrating aspects of sensory based analysis in the architectural design process to ensure quality of relations in the classroom.
... Keterkaitan antara berbagai perilaku manusia di dalam ruang membentuk sistem kegiatan yang mengkaitkan tiga aspek yaitu tatanan fisik, tatanan sosial, dan aktivitas manusia. Dalam hubungan ini aktivitas manusia merupakan komponen subyek yang dapat mengendalikan tatanan fisik dan tatanan sosial di sekitarnya, meskipun tidak dapat dipungkiri bahwa tatanan fisik dan sosial juga dapat mempengaruhi aktivitas manusia, namun pada dasarnya manusia adalah komponen yang mempunyai kuasa untuk mengendalikan komponen lainnya (Lawson, 2001). Adanya komponen manusia dalam tautan ini menghadirkan pemahaman adanya 'pemikiran' di dalam penelitian yang menggunakan pendekatan perilaku. ...
... Penilaian individu terhadap lingkungannya yang merupakan interpretasi tentang suatu seting oleh individu, didasarkan latar belakang budaya, nalar, dan pengalaman individu tersebut (Haryadi, 1995). Penilaian ini melibatkan 5 indera manusia (Lawson, 2001). Berdasarkan penilaian ini, ruang hidup manusia dapat dibagi dalam 3 tingkatan (Kuo & Minami, 2009) yaitu: dirrect contact space (tingkatan ruang yang memungkinkan terjadinya kontak langsung dengan melibatkan 5 indera), the environmental affordance level (tingkatan ruang yang dapat dijangkau), dan the cognitive image level (tingkatan ruang yang dapat dikenali melalui penggambaran secara kognitif). ...
... Sebagai refleksi tata nilai dan budaya penggunanya, pembentukan dan penggunaan pasar ini menggambarkan pengaruh kegiatan ekonomi pada ruang tersebut dan sebaliknya, pengaruh ruang terhadap kegiatan penggunanya. Pada dasarnya, pasar dapat dipandang sebagai refleksi psikologis, sosial, dan kultural masyarakat penggunanya (dikembangkan dari Lawson, 2001). Dalam hal ini, pemanfaatan pasar dapat dikaji meliputi berbagai bentuknya yaitu sistem gagasan, tindakan, dan wujud ruang itu sendiri sebagai hasil karya manusia dalam kehidupannya (Koentjaraningrat, 1996). ...
The study which aimed to uncover the values underlying the creation and development of the market in Bantul regency is base on the idea that space can be viewed as a space (physical form that can be seen visually) and as a place (the container of human activities that may reflect cultural values of the user them). This study was conducted with the paradigm of phenomenology and found that pekenan as a mobilization system of economic in the Javanese community in the district of Bantul, dominated by social values that develop a market as a socioeconomic space. Market as an economic activity container has a major role as a social networking nodes and important node in order to disseminate of culture in the district of Bantul. This study also found that the cultural values underlying the economic activity in the market is togetherness, partnership, civility, and harmony, they are local wisdoms of the people which are able to maintain the sustainability of the system of pekenan - mobilization system of the economic activity in the district of Bantul.
... Furthermore, architecture is unavoidable art, as it surrounds us on every step, shaping the way we feel and determining our mood (Roth, 1993). Whether we are inside buildings or outdoors, we are inseparable from space (Lawson, 2001). ...
... Thus, pupils should gain knowhow and experience enabling them to evaluate the utility as well as the aesthetic value of architectural space with a critical eye. Architecture is basically intended for users; however, Lawson (2001) criticises architects for frequently being more interested in buildings than their users. He gives an interesting example to illustrate this, drawing attention to the fact that architectural magazines rarely show people, or the users of a particular space, in the photographs reproduced on their pages. ...
... One needs to experience architecture, that is, observe the way a building has been designed for a particular purpose and walk through it, in order to gain a sense of the acoustic features of a particular room. Lawson (2001) claims that speed of movement plays an important role in reading an architectural object, as our experience changes depending on whether we walk slowly past a building or drive by it. This is illustrated with the example of a pedestrian moving with a more or less constant speed. ...
Spatial (architectural) design is one of five fields introduced to pupils as part of art education. In planning architectural design tasks, one should take into consideration the particularities of the architectural design process and enable pupils to experience space and relationships within space through their own movement. Furthermore, pupils should have an opportunity to play the roles of (critical) users as well as co-creators or spatial planners. In this respect, the field trip plays a vital role, as it allows pupils to experience (architectural) space through their own movement, their senses and in a real environment. The architectural experience that the pupils gain differs from their everyday experience of moving through space, as the former is based on education and training, and thus helps pupils develop architecture appreciation.
... A common criticism of architectural teachings is its attraction towards the architectural object. " Design was taught to be viewed purely as visual objects, lacking the human association from which all spaces designed are occupied " (Lawson 2001). This is a vast generalisation on the school of architecture, as many architects would look back upon their school days as the time of which an understanding of human space was first truly explored. ...
... A positive human response to stimulation may be its ability to incite a sense of innate comfort within some occupants or contrastingly unease caused through the lack of such stimulation. Yet this is more than simply the search for entertainment, at its extremes the lack of stimulation can be psychologically damaging, take sensory deprivation methods as an example (Lawson 2001). Luckily, residential design could not reach the limits of sensory deprivation, but the concept surrounding this human condition is still in effect. ...
... The success of traditional and vernacular architecture was a result of time. As styles and construction methods remained constant for great periods, the ability to find the right solution was based on simple trial and error (Lawson 2001). This is no longer the case in the ever changing modern architectural climate. ...
This study focused upon understanding the balance between one's psychological association of home and an architectural association of home. Through an analysis of Sixsmith's and Smith's studies it was concluded that the physical nature of the dwelling had a significant impact on altering the occupant's perception towards a home association. It can therefore be stated that the architectural elements within a dwelling can have a direct and immediate impact on the occupant's psychological state, thus determining whether a house is a home. Architectural methods such as: contrast, stimulation and security, tradition verse Modern, scale and a dwellings connection to nature were analysed. This analysis highlighted that architecture alone cannot create a sense of home. It is through a deeper understanding of the occupant's needs, desires and behaviours that individualised architectural methods can be implemented which may instil a sense of home. The disconnection between the 'architect knowledge' and the 'human knowledge' is discussed. This paper therefore suggests that an adjustment to the architectural education may bridge this gap. Through this change in mentality, a greater ratio of dwellings eliciting a home association can be achieved. This paper concludes through a brief analysis of dwellings not considered as the primary place of residency, thus lacking psychological association, but still eliciting a home response.
... Sayangnya, space tidak berbicara bahasa manusia. Oleh karena itu untuk menghadirkan sebuah space yang mampu dimengerti oleh manusia, maka harus menggunakan bahasa tertentu untuk menghubungkan antara space dan manusia [3]. Sehingga perlu adanya sebuah teori tentang bagaimana menghadirkan space yang mampu dimengerti oleh manusia yang nantinya mampu menghasilkan sebuah emosi. ...
... Ruang dari perkantoran tersebut kemudian dipisahkan menjadi beberapa bagian [2]. Celah antar ruang yang terjadi akibat pemecahan dari beberapa ruang perkantoran terbentuk [3]. Ruang perkantoran yang terpisah kemudian dimasukkan pendekan biophilic yaitu nature of space yang memasukan keberadaan alam [4]. ...
... That is, space with meaning as alternatively, "the genius loci which are in the place itself and the sense of place which is in the viewer, cognized through subconscious reactions to knowing, through smell, touch, and so on" (Metro-Roland 2011: 30). Urban space is essential to tell us how to behave (Lawson 2001); there are many ways for communication and to introduce people to each other, but the most interactive one is space; Lawson classifies it as a unique one. According to Lawson "the very phrase 'face to face' implicitly makes reference to space. ...
... Turning the space is internal elements inside the traditional cities more similar to the human scale and the limit of the definition of the space. "These variations can be driven by personality, status, and culture" (Lawson 2001). There are many more changes of territorial behavior in the human species than found in any other species, and we have civilized our basic behavior with culture (Lawson 2001: 156). ...
Urban space organization associates with specific characteristics in the transformation of society’s behavior and views; it is composed of principles of dichotomy that work as a system of signs to transfer meaning with conventional interpretation. The urban fabric as a context is full of signifiers that tend to convey a meaning implicitly carved in its space organization system. Therefore, it is not just a simple physical configuration. Instead, it is a translation of human experiences with the different synchronic architectural characteristics that needs a critical examination to segregate discrete layers of structural elements. The association is so prevailing that each portion has a significant role in creating a combination of mental prototypes of interpretation between the different factors that give the urban space its final form. The study aims to find the internal signs system within urban space organization that is a combination of signs that represents the aesthetic values of space. The study aimed to explore implicit space organization to make out what is internally powerful to work as aesthetic signs of urban space organization. We conclude that there is a difference as a result of intervening new concepts in the urban space organization without taking in account the existing sign system. This difference could be a source of misunderstanding and confusion in the space organization system and needs understanding and restructuring through the development of procedures.
... Tanto en términos filosóficos como de la experimentación, la enseñanza y la realización de la arquitectura han crecido significativamente. Las ideas de Pallasmaa (2012) sobre el papel del cuerpo humano como centro de la percepción y la conciencia, así como sobre la importancia de los sentidos en la articulación, almacenamiento y procesamiento de las respuestas y pensamientos sensoriales, se han reforzado y confirmado por numerosos escritores (Lawson, 2001; Gehl, 2010; Holl, 2011). A pesar de la importancia que esta percepción espacial presenta para la interacción, apenas se ha introducido en el discurso teórico arquitectónico donde las teorizaciones sobre arquitectura y las prácticas proyectuales se han preocupado, principalmente, por la forma (Pallasmaa, 2012). ...
... La interacción entre personas y de estas con el espacio involucra todos los sentidos (Gehl, 2010). Se señala también la importancia de trabajar de forma cuidadosa con los sentidos y las distancias dentro del área de la educación (Gehl, 2010; Gehl y Svarre, 2013; Lawson, 2001Es dentro del aula donde estas distancias se hacen patentes; la distancia entre alumno y maestro se comienza a tornar importante cuando se hace evidente que afecta su interacción. Se considera que la distancia recomendada para la interacción es la social, según la define Hall. ...
... 2 Fundamental para a teoria de Lefebvre é a perspetiva de que a produção de espaço pode ser dividida em três dimensões dialeticamente interligadas ou processos, isto é, a tríade de "prática espacial" (a perceção através das práticas concretas), "representações do espaço" (o espaço concebido) e "espaços representacionais" (o espaço vivido, as imaginações simbólicas, as emoções). tornando-o inteligível, decifrável, passível e possível de ser interpretado; sendo que os seus exteriores e interiores, bem como os materiais e objetos aí presentes podem facilitar ou inibir as nossas atividades através da forma como significam e representam determinadas mensagens (Lawson, 2001). Para Foucault (1975), a arquitetura, enquanto ordenação do visível e do invisível, é fundamental para o exercício de poder, na medida em que as 'pedras' podem tornar as pessoas dóceis e submissas, dado que permitem exercer o controlo e a dominação. ...
... Para Foucault (1975), a arquitetura, enquanto ordenação do visível e do invisível, é fundamental para o exercício de poder, na medida em que as 'pedras' podem tornar as pessoas dóceis e submissas, dado que permitem exercer o controlo e a dominação. Os edifícios são, assim, objetos tridimensionais que transmitem poder, soberania, ideologia, distância, funcionalidade, legitimidade, dignidade, através da localização, da implantação, da escala, da proporção, do volume, da cor, da simetria, da verticalidade e do contexto, o que é analisado pelo nosso sistema de perceção atendendo às nossas representações icónicas, simbólicas e sociais, afetando a nossa liberdade, controlando espacialmente os indivíduos ao definir regras que orientam a sua interação (definindo as localizações, os cursos de movimentação, os cursos visuais, os encontros sociais e individuais) (Lawson, 2001). Caye (2008) defende, nesse sentido, que existe uma geminação entre direito e arquitetura, pois ambos partilham dos mesmos princípios e da mesma finalidade, são saberes da diferença e artes da distância, ao serviço não só da civilização (na medida em que asseguram uma ordem constante, regular, certa e previsível perante o caos da natureza social), mas fundamentalmente da construção da pessoa humana. ...
One of the most overlooked topics regarding the law and the legal system has been courthouse architecture. It therefore becomes necessary to analyze these particular public spaces considering the way architecture organizes and structures them, for their exterior and interior designs, as well as the materials used, can facilitate or inhibit our activities by the ways they convey specific messages. From the characterization of the different architectural profiles that distinguish the courts in Portugal, we will analyze what we consider to be the three structuring functions of the spaces of the courts, according to empirical research: firstly, the question of recognition or identification of buildings as courts; then, the issue of functionality; and, finally, the theme of space as provider of access to law and justice.
... Successful nodes/ activity nodes are the focal points in a neutral territory, visually prospect (i.e. it is possible to see what happens in a space without entering), includes activity generators (e.g. coffee machine) and furniture arrangements that encourage social interaction (Bechtel, 1976;Becker & Steele, 1995;Lawson, 2001). ...
... The capacity of architecture to reinforce certain experiences and behaviors has been recognized in research (e.g., Canter, 1976;Davis, 1984;Lawson, 2001). This study pertains to this research tradition as it applies an architectural perspective to issues that traditionally belong to the field of organizational management. ...
... There are well-known examples of Chinese architecture such as the Forbidden City (Figure 1), which are laid out to be experienced as a sequence of spaces Vasilski D.: On minimalism in architecture -space as experience spatium rather than a collection of individual buildings. Well-known architectural and philosophical theorists concerned with experiencing space include: Henri Lefebvre (1974), Brian Lawson (2001), Yi Fu Tuan (1979), Gaston Bachelard (1958), and Steen Eiler Rasmussen (1959). With reference to their work, the initial questions of how we perceive, experience, and interact with space can be explored. ...
Architecture has to be experienced to be understood. The complexity of the experience is seen through a better understanding of the relationship between objectivity (architecture) and subjectivity (our life). Being physically, emotionally and psychologically aware of the space we occupy is an experience that could be described as being present, which is a sensation that is personal and difficult to explicitly describe. Research into experience through perception and emotion positions architecture within scientific fields, in particular psychological disciplines. Relying on the standpoints of Immanuel Kant, the paper considers the juxtaposition between (minimalism in) architecture and philosophy on the topic of experience. Starting from the basic aspects of perception and representation of the world around us, a thesis is presented in which the notions of silence and light as experienced in minimalism (in architecture) are considered as adequate counterparts to Kant's factors of experience - the awareness of the objective order of events and the impossibility to perceive time itself. Through a case study we verify the starting hypothesis on minimalism (in architecture) whereby space becomes an experience of how the world touches us.
... This brief discussion regarding the effect of the building's spatial layout on nurses' practices supports the idea that buildings are social bodies, as well as spatial material arrangements that mediate relationships between individuals and affect their behaviours (Lawson, 2001). To explain the effect of the built environment on the professionals' behaviours, the scholarship related to the environmental psychology is informative, as it focuses on the interaction between humans and their surroundings including their social settings and built environments. ...
Postoperative pain is still poorly managed among surgical patients despite
evidence-based approaches to its treatment being well established. Prompted
by the persistence of this problem, many researchers have studied factors
influencing postoperative pain management. Empirical clinical research has
dominated this area and has presented a set of factors which, albeit important, have
not taken into account the influence of contextual factors on the individual’s
practices in pain management.
This study is designed to examine the role of context on the practices and
interactions of professionals and patients during postoperative pain
management. Informed by the insights of post-structuralism, it uses nonparticipant
observation, informal and semi-structured interviews with
participants of both genders (29 staff nurses, 13 surgeons, 38 patients, and
20 patients’ family members), and a document review to construct a case
study of four surgical patients’ wards in two Jordanian hospitals. Also
included is a descriptive analysis of pain and distress scores, and a thematic
analysis of the raw data
The findings reveal both a significant problem with pain among Jordanian
surgical patients, and limited engagement by nurses in postoperative pain
management. It is found that a series of socio-cultural and organizational
factors limit participants’ practices in respect of pain management.
Influential socio-cultural factors include: sexual surveillance, an inferior
public view of nurses, patriarchal ideas, and use of personal influence
(wasta). Organisational factors include: hierarchical observations, fear of
punishment, the subordination of nursing staff, perceptions of low staffing
and high workload, and social hierarchies, such as rank. In combination
these contextual factors operate as a set of disciplinary and power
mechanisms that limit the ability of nurses to become involved in patients’
pain management; impede nursing professionalism by restricting autonomy
and self-regulation; reduce some of the patients’ willingness to
communicate pain and lead to a reluctance to be cared for by professionals
of a different gender.
It is concluded that in this area organisational policies are subservient to
nurses’ culturally constructed approaches to pain management. As such,
socio-cultural factors appeared to have a greater effect than organizational
factors.
Recommendations are made to address the situation and provide for
appropriate pain relief after surgery.
... One such is the immense importance of the impact exerted by the built container upon those contained within its spatial confines. (La Gory & Pipkin, 1981;Lawson, 2001). The vital importance of E-B studies is understated. ...
This keynote paper examines the position of global south in world scenario and calls attention to the urgent need of a responsive architecture to counter the negativities and callousness that is seeping into the built developments due to rapid economic growth. It discusses the nature of a responsive self-practice & observations of a recent research on learning environments, with focus on environ-behavior studies. It discusses the dire need of vital enrichment of policy and practice. The paper makes a case for E-B studies by exposing new challenges, nascent fields and the need to fine tune application of local and traditional learning enriched through people’s experience and feedback in the Asian context.
2398-4295 © 2016. The Authors. Published for AMER ABRA by e-International Publishing House, Ltd., UK.. This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/). Peer–review under responsibility of AMER (Association of Malaysian Environment-Behaviour Researchers), ABRA (Association of Behavioural Researchers on Asians) and cE-Bs (Centre for Environment-Behaviour Studies), Faculty of Architecture, Planning & Surveying, Universiti Teknologi MARA, Malaysia.
Keywords: Global south; E-B studies; challenges; responsive practice & research
... Going through the physical analysis of the building is a way of considering the presentation of urban context that governs the secret behind the suitability of the physical form and cultural sustainability. Question 2 highlights the importance of an indispensable aspect that is often referred to as Genius loci (Norberg-Schulz 1984), the spirit or essence of the place (Day 2006), the language of the place (Lawson 2005), the social logic of the space (Hillier and Hanson 1984), or the sense of the place (Relph 1976). In this research the focusing on this aspect is demonstrated by the exploration of the social logic of the space, the space layout and spatial environment. ...
... Although the needs of parks in the neighborhood might be different depending on social status or wealth (Harnik, 2010, p.38), people generally come to a park to experience the natural settings or to get social contacts to refresh themselves or as a short escape from their routines. Lawson (2001) explains that most of us hate being bored, want some form of amusement and entertainment, and we demand that the space around us should provide this (p.18). Imagine if there was no electronic entertainment media. ...
As a part of the city and urban elements, park greatly supports human beings in many aspects, especially as a medium for social interactions. With the existence of parks in every tatar in Kota Baru Parahyangan (KBP), the residents' needs of social interactions can be accommodated. Clare Cooper Marcus and Carolyn Francis (1998) categorized people's socializing in two ways; Overt Socializing and Covert Socializing. These two types of socializing define two basic requirements of facilities that a park should have : facilities that support social contacts and some comfortable natural settings to support the recreational purposes. This paper classifies the analysis based on the groups of users, which are children (1-12 years), teenagers, adults (including adults who come with babies or toddler), elders, and people with special needs (disabled and toddlers). Each group has their own expectations regarding the park's facilities, which once fulfilled, will attract them to come and stimulate (or trigger) social interactions. Therefore, a discussion about how the facilities in the KBP's park meet the requirements is performed through a quantified evaluation to find out how many groups of users are actually facilitated and accommodated to have social interactions in the parks.
... A la segunda como el linaje de Jacobs. Si bien el trabajo de Jacobs (1961) entronca directamente con las investigaciones pioneras en Proxemia de E.T. Hall (1969Hall ( , 1973Hall ( , 1976 y en tanto tal con las investigaciones de Jan Gehl (2001Gehl ( , 2010, Bryan Lawson (2001), Herman Hertzberger (1991), Jaime Garretón (1975) y puede incluso ser rastreado hasta el desconocido trabajo del arquitecto alemán Herman Maertens (1884), ha permanecido analíticamente débil. ...
... notions of surfaces, volumes, spaces, densities, voids, materials, etc.) that are far more concrete than abstract in its understandings of "materiality", the engagement with design also opens up to include and discuss new methods and approaches. Here our tentative work on mobilities design draws on "design thinking" (Kimbell 2011(Kimbell , 2012 or what we term "designerly ways of thinking" (see also Lawson 2001). Much design operates with a highly creative and experimental attitude, incessantly and indeed pragmatically searching for evocative re-descriptions and explorative analyses of potentials and alternative futures. ...
In this paper, we identify the nexus between design (architecture, urban design, service design, etc.) and mobilities as a new and emerging research field. In this paper, we apply a “situational mobilities” perspective and take point of departure in the pragmatist question: “What design decisions and interventions affords this particular mobile situation?” The paper presents the contours of an emerging research agenda within mobilities research. The advent of “mobilities design” as an emerging research field points towards a critical interest in the material as well as practical consequences of contemporary sites of mobilities and technology. Furthermore, the paper argues that heightened material sensitivity with an acute focus on situations and the multi-sensorial dimensions of human mobilities is largely under-prioritised within much contemporary city planning and transport planning as well as policy-making. The paper proposes that increased understanding of the material affordances facilitated through design provides important insight to planning and policy-making that at times might be in risk of becoming too detached from the everyday life of the mobile subject within contemporary mobilities landscapes.
... By such comparison between the real and the virtual form of the same space we have to actually ask ourselves what is being gained and what is being lost by passing from one to the other. We best acknowledge the impact and importance of the real feel when the physical presence or absence strikes us (see Lawson 2001). Daveen Koh, a Cornell Daily Sun blogger, describes his revelation as follows: ...
Using the internet is more than a trend if we are to acknowledge the fact that it does not only shape its users, but it also reflects the changes that take place at a social level through everything that the user itself gives back to the network, through users interactions in virtual space, through consumption and demands virtually stated etc. As we pass from searching to sharing, playing or shopping on-line, we realize that between these theoretically distinct actions the boundaries blur. We identify this movement towards unclearness all around us and more and more profound lately (for example, in guerilla theatre or multifunctional buildings). In this context, the virtual museum, eMuseum or online museum are exhibition forms that further expand, blur, interweave defining characteristics of the museum with other kinds of activities not rarely considered opposed to it. Many museums have already added up to their physical exhibitions virtual tours or on-line exhibitions (some even created especially for the internet). The experiential differences between on-line/on-site museums are many and important, answering to different needs. However, all the more so as we admit that, by visiting an exhibition, we do not only experience the display layout, but also the space itself, we can further ask ourselves what happens with the curatorial discourse and architecture in virtual space. The aim of this article is to find a response to this question by analyzing the place, role and impact of architecture in the case of virtual space museums. Introduction Nowadays, we tend to search for everything firstly on the internet. It's easier, faster, more convenient and, depending on the website, it can also be quite reliable. The ceaseless technological upgrading facilitates the access to more and more complex information, but also to better communication and interaction activities which further became social demands and needs. Museums developed their websites in order to accommodate these facilities and even implemented their own programs which better responded to their new related missions (like, for example, those of addressing themselves to a broader audience, of allowing interpretation and negotiation of meaning and of becoming community involved). The ongoing Taking Part survey (" Taking Part 2012/13 Quarter 3: Statistical Release " 2013) shows that, in the case of museums, the digital engagement grew to 29.9% from 15.8% in 2005/6 and that the online visitors have been interested especially in finding out information about exhibitions, events and particular subjects, in ordering tickets and taking a virtual tour. These all new available features and their popularity further raise questions about expectations, goals and better forms of communication between museums and their visitors: what do museums wish to offer and what do visitors wish to discover? In this context, we wish to interrogate the role that architecture yet plays and the way in which is hence uses, presented and understood. The blurring of the boundaries between leisure / education / consumption transforms the museum websites into places of (re)presentation / information / exhibition / marketing / kindling. As the compounding elements of the museum as an institution accumulate diverse meanings and purposes, the virtual space augments this trend through the various possibilities of utilization it offers. Museum websites can awake curiosity, encourage socialization and community involvement etc. Architecture can also be exploited differently (and partially it is), and uncovering its role in virtual space can lead to further developments which could help museums accomplish their newest established goals.
... Such factors would include the colours of surfaces or the temperature of rooms. However the second group of factors concern the way the environment mediates the relationships between people (Lawson 2001). Such factors would include matters of privacy or how spaces enable people to establish community or maintain 'personal space'. ...
John Wells-Thorpe, South Downs Health NHS Trust Trust Initiative When self-governing NHS Trusts were set up a decade ago they were given a surprising amount of autonomy. Hitherto, capital projects had been subject to supervision by Regional architects and others further up the line, with local input being confined to detail. All of a sudden the whole process of design procurement became freer and, being one of the first formed, South Downs Health NHS Trust decided to review completely how it handled its ongoing construction programme. Through deft financial stewardship and the sale of surplus property the Trust was able to fund new projects independently with only supplementary help from other quarters. In these circumstances it was relatively easy for its first chairman, John Wells-Thorpe to devise a new design approach that was more responsive to perceived clinical need and patient welfare, not least of all because he was himself an architect. A number of limited competitions were launched with the help of the RIBA Competitions Office covering, in the first instance, a new clinic in Brighton and thereafter a hospital for the elderly physically and mentally frail at Newhaven. In inviting architectural competitors emphasis was placed on at least fifty per cent participation by younger practices who would not have fallen into the category of established hospital architects. The benefit of this approach was immediate. At briefing stage a fully inclusive dialogue engaged local users at each level and their input was maintained throughout each project to ensure a sense of ownership with the finished building, working alongside an enthusiastic design team.
... Considering the critical structural issues resolved, we focus on the design issues that address functionality and quality, by targeting on the transformation of a neutral artificial "space" to a personalized, comfortable for the body and the mind, "place". 3 There are three basic, correlated factors involved that must be taken into account during the design process: ...
The paper presents the development of an on-‐going research project that focuses on a human-‐centered design approach to habitable spacecraft modules. It focuses on the technical requirements and proposes approaches on how to achieve a spatial arrangement of the interior that addresses sufficiently the functional, physiological and psychosocial needs of the people living and working in such confined spaces that entail long-‐term environmental threats to human health and performance. Since the research perspective examines the issue from a qualitative point of view, it is based on establishing specific relationships between the built environment and its users, targeting people’s bodily and psychological comfort as a measure toward a successful mission. This research has two basic branches, one examining the context of the system’s operation and behavior and the other in the direction of identifying, experimenting and formulating the environment that successfully performs according to the desired context. The latter aspect is researched upon the construction of a scaled-‐model on which we run series of tests to identify the materiality, the geometry and the electronic infrastructure required. guided by the principles of sensponsive architecture the research explores the application of the necessary spatial arrangement and behavior for a user-‐centered, functional interior where the appropriate intelligent systems are based upon the existing mechanical and chemical support ones featured on space today, and especially on the ISS. The problem is set according to the characteristics presented at the Mars500 project, regarding the living quarters of six crew-‐members, along with their hygiene, leisure and eating areas. Transformable design techniques introduce spatial economy, adjustable zoning and increased efficiency within the interior, securing at the same time precise spatial orientation and character at any given time. The sensponsive configuration is programmed to exhibit behavior in direct relation to human activity. It is based upon two active systems, the ActivityEvaluation System (AES) and the Response System (RS), with combined action that is always open to the control of the user. The AES monitors the daily schedule of the astronauts in order to find patterns of activity, understand the context of actions and moreover to assess the psychological condition ofthe crew-‐members. If it finds cause for intervention AES will give way to the RS which employs smart materials, controllers and actuators in order toperform required changes in theenvironmental factors, both spatial (volume, surface) and ambient (audio, visual, olfactory, haptic), and induce a desirable spatial and/or psychological condition that is beneficial for the astronauts’comfort and well being.
... People on the other hand are the energy unit for the building. Their presence and their activities is the catalyst that turns a space into a 'place' (Lawson, 1999). The 'liveliness' of a building is a direct effect of people's actions in it. ...
This paper addresses the concept of spatial diagnosis as a methodology for architects to analyze and evaluate the quality of existing spaces periodically and improve them with the use of digital media. Initially the methodology researches the physical characteristics of the examined space, which are investigated both historically and empirically, as well as people's mental imagery of it, which is examined through cognitive mapping techniques. The research findings are used as a mapping device for the application of the digital media 'treatment.' Selected intelligent systems form a digital, immaterial layer upon the existing spatial elements increasing the quality of space and consequently improving people's experience in it. The goal of this project, which focuses solely on public spaces for the extent of this research, is twofold. On a design level, it proposes a way to increase the quality of space as well as its potential to communicate with people through a synergic, adaptive approach. On a research level, it seeks to bring together three diverse but not distant disciplines, those of architecture, cognitive psychology and information technology.
... People on the other hand are the energy unit for the building. Their presence and their activities is the catalyst that turns a space into a 'place' (Lawson, 1999). The 'liveliness' of a building is a direct effect of people's actions in it. ...
... The above perspectives have been reinforced and informed by a large dance-led promenade performance event that took place in 2006 across four outdoor and two indoor sites at a newly created Creative Industries Precinct and artificially built park in a still under construction urban village in Brisbane. In choosing the sites, as creative director and producer, I was aware of the social and personal construction of space elicited by these urban architectural spaces (Lefebvre 1991, Bachelard 1964, Lawson 2001) as well as the political ideology of the ―creative city‖ (Landry 2000) and in this particular setting the informing concepts of the ―communiversity‖ and a creative hub of innovation where one could ―live, work and play.‖ 1 ...
... What if such visual memory extends to include cultural knowledge, social awareness, and consciousness of certain values and issues of communication within society? Architectural students are often more creative through their ability to create connections between different cultural productions, such as music-architecture, architecture and dancing, architecture and theatrical movement [11][12][13]. ...
This essay investigates the changing dynamics of interaction and paradigm of communication in the design studio. It analyses the process of practical implementation of interactive tools in architectural education which placed the diversity of students' cultural experiences, contextual awareness and individual interests as crucial resource for design innovation and inquiry. Building on Brian Lawson's thesis on creativity in design thinking, this research project undertook comprehensive investigation of students' satisfaction of their roles in the studio and the room for liberal thought they are given to elaborate on genuine approach to architectural matters. The cyclical development of interactive learning strategy is explored through two different settings: first, it analyses architectural students' position as passive/active in the studio, considering their relationships with tutors' ideals; second, it reports on empirical strategy of students-led workshops at British schools of architecture, during which students have taken the lead of their creative design agenda. The practical implementation of interactive learning tools proved influential in helping students to personalize their design direction and to build a sense of confidence and independence.
... Through postmodern and contemporary architecture symmetry gets new innovative interpretations and visualizations (see [1][2][3]). Symmetry is one of the fundamental principles of the universe and nature and can be found everywhere [4,5]. Symmetry from the universe and nature reflects in all kind of human creativity and science [6]. ...
The idea of construction of twin buildings is as old as architecture itself, and yet there is hardly any study emphasizing their specificity. Most frequently there are two objects or elements in an architectural composition of “twins” in which there may be various symmetry relations, mostly bilateral symmetries. The classification of “twins” symmetry in this paper is based on the existence of bilateral symmetry, in terms of the perception of an observer. The classification includes both, 2D and 3D perception analyses. We start analyzing a pair of twin buildings with projection of the architectural composition elements in 2D picture plane (plane of the composition) and we distinguish four 2D keyframe cases based on the relation between the bilateral symmetry of the twin composition and the bilateral symmetry of each element. In 3D perception for each 2D keyframe case there are two sub-variants, with and without a symmetry plane parallel to the picture plane. The bilateral symmetry is dominant if the corresponding symmetry plane is orthogonal to the picture plane. The essence of the complete classification is relation between the bilateral (dominant) symmetry of the architectural composition and the bilateral symmetry of each element of that composition.
... Apart form the physical environment, socio-demographic background of the users in the street in respect of the neen and use of the space [6]. Different cultural and social groups tend to have different perceptions, habits and traditions with regards to use the street place [7]. ...
There has been a growing concern in Malaysia towards promoting streets that are friendly to all users. People are more ready to use the street if the streets are improved to meet their needs. Accessibility and safety are two of the main qualities that contribute to the friendly streets. This research explores the notion of friendly urban environment. The primary concern is to identify the relationship between accessibility and safety criterias with the uses of the street.This research was conducted in the context of an urban commercial street in Kuala Lumput city centre.The study was quantitative in nature and involved asking users of the street to answer face to face survey. In this research the 289 respondents was participated. The construct safety on the street (SOS) employed 11 items and the construct of accessibility and proximity (ANP) involved 10 items. EFA is used in the early stages to gather information about the interrelationships among variables.The Cronbach " s Alpha (α) value was used to determine the level of reliability through the internal consistency for each factor. The result for validity of construct from EFA demonstrated the SOS achieved Alpha (α) value exceeding 0.70 and ANP = 0.84. The finding indicate that, there is a significant correlation between the criterias of safety on the street and accessibility and proximity. There is also significant correlation between SOS criterias with the group of marital status, level education, age, ethnicity and type of users are significant. Meanwhile for SOS, the result only shows singnificant correlation with age background.
... Research has showed that cell-office employees are more ;atisfied with noise and privacy conditions than other office employees (e.g., Brookes and Kaplan, 1972;Sundstrom, 1986;Sundstrom, et aL, 1994;Wineman, 1982). There is also support in other research that sociability is a gain of shared workspace (Brookes and Kaplan, 1972) and that social behavior can be encouraged by design (Festinger, et al., 1950;Lawson, 2001). In other words, the positive independence in cell-office manifested by its architectural and functional features leads also to less support of affinity. ...
Differences between office types may have an influence on the employees' satisfaction and psychological responses with respect to different aspects of the office environment. For this study, 469 employees rated their perceptions of and satisfaction with the office environments of seven different office types, which were classified as cell-office, shared-room office, small open-plan office, medium open-plan office, large open-plan office, flex-office, and combi-office. Three domains of environmental factors were analyzed: (1) ambient factors, (2) noise and privacy, and (3) design-related factors. Employee responses were evaluated using multivariate logistic and Poisson regression. Adjustments were made for potential confounders such as age, gender job rank, and line of business. Substantial differences between employees in different office types were found The analysis offrequencies in complaints within the three domains shows that noise and privacy is the domain that causes the most dissatisfaction among office employees. Cell-office employees are most satisfied with the physical environment overall, followed by those in flex-office. However, the results for cell-office are not uniformly best, since they score low with regard to the social aspects of design-related factors and, in particular, on support of affinity. The most dissatisfaction is reported in medium and large open-plan offices, where the complaints about noise and lack of privacy are especially negative. Architectural andfunctional features of the offices are discussed as the main explanatory factors for these results.
... Nevertheless, this does not obstruct some theoreticians to propose definitions for the architectural and urban space, through its historical transformations or through the socio-cultural phenomena that emerge with the evolution of societies on it [B. Lawson, 2001]. Other theoreticians tried to illustrate the space throughout the words, which are used to describe it [R. ...
This paper presents a computer model for space perception, and space classification that is built around two artificial neural networks (ANN). This model is the first known application in architecture, where a self-organized map (SOM) is used to create a space classification map on the base of human perception criteria. This model is built with the aim to help both the space designers (architects, interior designer and urban designers), and the space users to gain a better understanding of the space in particular, and the environment where they evolve in general. This work is the continuity of an outgoing work started in the CECA by C. Derix around Kohonen network.
... The concept of cultural streets known widely through the world, ancient tribes had been developed the spaces through the years as Lawson (2001) stated " when they became aware of it " till date [30] , such places were designed to multipurpose function as acting, debating with others and casting a poems etc. Currently it became more hyper and liveable space in order to introduce different kinds of art which integrated with other kind of technology, because it's all about the importance of interaction within specific place which emphasizing on the importance of visual perception in developing the spaces as Perovic and Folic (2012) proposed that " theories of visual perception: indicate the need for multiple approaches to visual perception and its importance for the development of quality urban spaces " [31]. ...
In 21 st century, media become the most important factor affecting the development of urban cities, including public places. As a result of the digital revolution, re-imaging and re-linkage public places by media are essential to create more interactions between public spaces and users, interaction media display, and urban screens, one of the most important defined media. This interaction can transform the urban space from being neglected to be more interactive space with users, specially the pedestrians. This paper aims to identify the effects of these new digital factors to transform public spaces, and the influences of large media display on the interaction between urban spaces and pedestrians. The paper focuses on Al-Thaqafa Street as one of the neglected spaces in Amman city, and attempts to analyse this street, explains its problems, and studies the influence of these new digital factors on its transformation, to be more active and vital by pedestrians.
... By climbing, balancing, jumping and testing the limits for what various objects can be used for, children set their own rules as to how the environment can be used. One of the most striking aspects of children's use of their environment that is constantly ignored by planners, architects and designers, is the fact that children will play and use any type of environment in their own individual way (Lawson, 2001). This calls for the interests of children to be brought into the planning of all types of environments, since it is not possible to limit children's play to restricted and enclosed areas. ...
Children use their bodies as reference points for their interaction with urban design. By being physically active, children set their own rules as to how an environment can be used. They see objects as multi-functional and can redefine their use for each new situation. For children the identity of a place is not exclusively created by the way it looks or how it is rationally used; it can just as often be based on how it smells, sounds or feels. The possibility and ability to explore simple everyday aspects of their local environment is crucial to children. Children are fascinated by being able to examine, challenge and understand the city and the adult world. Children also need places in which to relax, and they often prefer green places for this. The issue of involving and including children in planning processes requires further consideration and development in the future.
... As Cresswell (2004) notes, Harvey is trying to engender a relative degree of 'permanence in the flow of space and time' through our attempt to create what Tuan (1977) poetically describes as a 'pause'. Our sense of space is as much mediated to us via our senses (smell, vision, taste, touch), kinesis and proxemics and our culturally derived spatial frameworks (see Tuan, 1977, andLawson, 2001). The converse of this pause, is a sense of dislocation and the melange of emotions (fear, angst, exhilaration, anxiety) that we experience in attempting to physically and cognitively orientate ourselves in new or unknown spaces we may find ourselves in; the first day at school, a new city, a new place of work, a taboo place in a familiar town, lost on a hillside walk and so on. ...
This paper aims to discuss two interconnected themes: 1) the variegated role of space in primary school architecture and 2), the perception of this space as a lived phenomena from the perspective of pupils. In this context, space is not seen as being synonymous with the physical properties of a school (though this does exert an influence), but as an ‘active ingredient’ through which a particular social order is produced and sustained. Echoing the work of Lefebvre’s (1974) triadic conceptualisation of space, Markus’s (1993) meshing of architecture and power (via Foucault, 1979) and Burke and Grosvenor (2005) on pedagogic practices and space (Deklerck, Depuydt, & Deboutte, 2003; Spiel et al., 2008), we will argue that space, far from being a Cartesian ‘bucket’ to contain social action, is a fundamental dimension of any teaching and learning environment.
More specifically what we refer to as ‘space’ is structured (i.e. produced and organised) by the social actions of agents (pupils, teachers, parents, administrative staff) within the school environment, which is refracted back onto these agents and in turn structures them. By applying a predominately visually orientated methodological approach, namely graphic elicitation and participant generated images, the study reported on here, focuses on a cohort of seventeen pupils in senior primary school in Dublin. Our discussion of the data will explore how the pupils categorise space(s) in the primary school environment and how their act of ‘structuring the sturcture’ generates complex and competing meanings. The results of this visual study indicated that it was pupils who maintained the power to appropriate spatial and social relations, creating possibilities of performance, repetition and regulation, contest and conflict within the school environment. Discussions of these results directed learning towards conceptions of space as a subject of ineluctable importance in educational and psychological research.
This research aims to understand and analyze the balcony a proxy and a presentation
of the private into the public. It aims to look atseveral aspects surrounding it in terms of levels
of privacy or publicity and to what extend does it fit into the categorization of private, public
or the in between spaces. By reading through literature, books, journals, and other researchers
work I was able to look at these different categorizations of spaces in four main ways: physical
access, visual access, audible access, and ownership.
Those understandings of accessibility and ownership in these types of spaces are then
applied into the balcony space and how its experienced in different situations of the balcony
location both horizontally and vertically. As a conclusion I was able to understand and explain
how the balcony would fit better being defined and looked at as a unique proxy in between
the private and public.
Neighborhood parks are generally designed as esthetical elements. Nevertheless, some are intentionally designed to become recreational facilities to the residents, especially in a form of playground for children. Kota Baru Parahyangan (KBP) is a residential area with clusters, all of which are complemented by thematic park(s). With each cluster adopts a different theme for its park(s), the implementation of the thematic concept of the park may vary between one cluster and another. Therefore, this paper aims to analyze the implementation of the thematic concept in the neighborhood park design as an attraction for children. It also aims to bring out the park that has applied the this concept most successfully, as a reference for further park design and planning in the residential neighborhood context. The research is performed sequentially which includes: scoring the park facilities in 9 clusters that are already built through a quantitative method, followed by the discussion of the analysis through a qualitative method. As the result, Tatar (cluster) Jingganagara is found as the best cluster that has successfully integrated its thematic concept to the rest of the facilities in the park, and contributed good impacts to the cluster itself and the other clusters nearby.
Different spatial layers in the architectural structure of a building can create particular spatial relations and an architectural space that cannot be defined as an inner space or as an outer space, but one which has the characteristics of both. This space, which can be called "in between space", appears as the result of a specific design concept in which the architectural composition is created by gradual insertion of volumes one inside another, like a box that is placed inside a box, inside of which is placed another smaller box and so on. The incorporation of various layers in the spatial arrangement of volumes in certain architectural compositions can be conceived as a possible approach in connecting the interior and exterior. This kind of conceptual design distinguishes itself from the common approach by its specific architecture that offers richness, variety, complexity and unique perception of space, thereby increasing its value. The paper investigates this particular concept through the analysis of four residential houses (Villa Le Lac by Le Corbusier, Solar House by Oswald Mathias Ungers, House N by Sou Fujimoto and Guerrero House by Alberto Campo Baeza), and it strives to find out the concept's use and advantages, all with the aim of opening up new possibilities in the design of buildings and enriching the design process.
Future development of universities should consider all three aspects of sustainable development: environment, society and economy. The aspect of society or social sustainability at universities can be achieved primarily by planning spaces which encourage interaction. Interdisciplinary research which connects experts from various disciplines who are solving numerous global issues of today represents a specific mode of interaction. Interdisciplinarity has recently been actualized to the extent that reputable universities are forming new educational programs, which combine curricula of several faculties. This paper presents the analysis of several architectural works that were designed and erected for the purposes of interdisciplinary research or other interdisciplinary activities. Although at the first glance they seem to be different, detailed analysis of their spatial distinctiveness reveals several architectural features notable for productive interdisciplinary collaboration. The imperative for conceiving and designing buildings for interdisciplinary research has been identified as creation of spaces for multiple levels of collaboration by disposition of the required spaces, i.e. that the character of the established model is primarily functional-social. We believe this paper can be of interest to all of those dealing with social sustainability at universities.
This study presents the indoor soundscape framework in detail by describing the variables and factors that form an indoor soundscape study. The main objective is to introduce a new indoor soundscaping framework and systematically explain the variables that contribute to the overall evaluation of an indoor soundscape. Hence, the dependencies of physical and psychoacoustical factors of the sound environment and the spatial factors of the built entity are statistically tested. The new indoor soundscaping framework leads to an overarching evaluation perspective of enclosed sound environments, combining objective room acoustics research and noise control engineering with architectural analysis. Therefore, it is hypothesised that case spaces with certain plan organisations, volumetric relations, and spatial referencing lead to differentiated sound pressure level (SPL) and loudness (N) values. SPL and N parametric variances of the sound environments are discussed through the statistical findings with respect to the architectural characteristics of each library case space. The results show that the relation between crowd level variances and sound environment parametric values is statistically significant. It is also found that increasing the atrium height and atrium void volume, the atrium’s presence as a common architectural element, and its interpenetrating reference and domain containment results in unwanted variances and acoustic formations, leading to high SPL and N values.
Human interaction is one of the aspects that need not to be ignored when designing office buildings because man is a social animal. The designers have to ensure that the aspect of interaction of the occupants is incorporated into the office building designs designs. Interaction is so important as it mortivates the workers and also reduces on stress. This research finds out the different building designs and how they influence the workers’ interactions with the case study being offices located along Lumumba Avenue road in Kampala. Data was collected using observations and questionnaires and from the literature review, factors that influence workers’ interaction were identified and places where they interact from. This research will find out how the situation is for the case of Uganda taking offices Lumumba Avenue road as case studies. Later on it was analysed by categorizing it then drawing different graphs which later on helped in coming up with the conclusions. The research showed that in all buildings, interaction of workers takes place. It also found out that all buildings have at least one design feature that allows workers interact with one another. However NDA’s level of interaction was low due to the policy which management passed that restricts interaction of workers during office hours. G4S was found to have a high level of interaction that is mostly attributed to the density of workers it has, and the open space that provided an environment for interaction.
Mathematics is believed by some to be a universal language that all human beings share (Singh, 1997; Guedj, 2000). In this school of thought, mathematics has its own particular syntax, genre and ways of argumentation. For example it is commonly believed doing arithmetic is the same regardless of whether one is performing arithmetic in Chinese, Farsi or in English. However although the result is the same, the linguistic support that is behind the arithmetic process is not necessarily identical.
This research finds a theory which is very likely related to local wisdom during the post-disaster emergency period. The concept of control of space of post-earthquake market is the realization of the community’s vigilance arising due to the earthquake and was influenced by the culture of the society who has been there and continues to grow to the present. Deep exploration will reveal the rationale of the society’s strategy in arising vigilance in emergency period. The concepts which were found then were further explored with transcendental depth and managed to find the paseduluran as the basis of the control of the post-quake market space. The value of paseduluran underlying the consensus of control of space of post-earthquake market includes consensus on spatial distance, space boundary, and order of space, and space control, which is proved to accelerate the recovery of the community to normal life.
This paper investigates modes of active communications and propagation of ideas and ideologies in architectural education in general and the design studio in particular. Based on a survey of students' opinions, modes of tutorials, assessment and production, it investigates the extent to which students enjoy freedom of choice, liberal thinking and ability to develop independently from their design tutors. While challenging current modes of one-to-one design tutorial paradigms, it experiments with alternative means of tutor-free and student-led workshops, where students are able to develop their conceptual ideas in the absence of their tutors at an early stage of design development. It analyses the process of practical implementation of interactive tools in architectural education which places the diversity of students' cultural experiences, contextual awareness and individual interests as a crucial resource for design inquiry. The cyclical development of interactive learning strategy is examined through two settings: first, it discusses ideology-driven design tutorials that influence students' conceptual ideas; second, it reports on a liberal approach to the design studio, where students are given larger freedom to define their own position and intuition towards the practice of architecture, both in England and in Northern Ireland.
Public spaces in residential neighbourhoods may be described as areas that play a variety of roles ranging from their various uses to design aspects that may impact the image of the estate. These areas provide an intermediary link between the dwelling and the outer world and represent places of casual interaction between residents. As common facilities intended to provide external space for recreation and places for residents to become acquainted, they are normally planned to create a sense of community for their users. On the other hand, public spaces may be a cause of various negative characteristics within a residential environment if not properly planned, managed, or maintained.
The purpose of this paper is two-fold. It first presents a biosemiotic comprehension of artefact making, on the basis that both design and life are processes of construction. It then presents a computer model to substantiate the position and approach to form making. The basic premise is that life is, at heart, artefact making and that the process of creation is fundamentally semiotic. All things are coupled, paired or exist relationally and the key to assembly is communication and signification; from the perspective of both agency (in life processes) and the agent of fabrication (in artificial construction). The approach argued for in this paper is thus an effort to capitalise on the artefact making processes understood as intrinsic to the generation of shape and form in nature.
The computer model presented is applied as a means to generate diagrams representing conceptual illustrations of architectural layouts. A bottom-up approach to the organisation of architectural-space is thus presented, which offers a fresh outlook on the approach to the automatic generation of architectural layouts. Artificial creatures, modelled on Eukaryotic cells, are used as components with which to generate configurations articulating patterns of habitation. These components represent discrete activities, perceived to be the basic building block of spatial configuration in architecture, which self-organise and aggregate to form a cohesive body.
This chapter describes an approach to the development of virtual representations of real places. The work was funded under the European Unionand#x2019;s and#x20AC;20 m Future and Emerging Technologies theme of the 5th Framework Programme, “Presence”. The aim of the project, called BENOGO, was to develop a novel technology based on real-time image-based rendering (IBR) for representing places in virtual environments. The specific focus of the work presented here concerned how to capture the essential features of real places, and how to represent that knowledge, so that the team developing the IBR-based virtual environments could produce an environment that was as realistic as possible. This involved the development and evaluation of a number of virtual environments and the evolution of two complementary techniques; the Place Probe and Patterns of place.
În calitate de prim director al Muzeului Ţăranului
Român, pictorul Horia Bernea concepe alături de
colaboratorii săi, un discurs curatorial mai puţin
obişnuit în România anilor ‘90, bazat pe concepte
şi norme extrase din cadrul vieţii tradiţionale – „un
muzeu […] în spirit ţărănesc”, după cum declară
Irina Nicolau în Dosar sentimental. Ideile şi
principiile care au stat la baza expunerii, atenţia
acordată tuturor detaliilor (obiecte expuse, relaţii
între obiecte, relaţii între obiecte şi spaţiu etc.) şi
firescul gesturilor, apropie discursul curatorial de o
operă de artă.
În cadrul acestui articol, urmărim identificarea
modurilor prin care arhitectura contribuie la
discursul muzeal şi îl susţine. Analiza cazului
particular al Muzeului Ţăranului Român pune în
evidenţă faptul că arhitectura poate fi tratată drept
participantă la înţelegerea expoziţiei, chiar şi atunci
când raportarea se face la un cadru construit
existent (clădirea muzeului fusese construită în anii
1912-1938). Vizitatorii înşişi descoperă faptul că
impactul obiectelor şi instalaţiilor nu ar fi fost
acelaşi într-un alt context spaţial.
Analizând, în paralel, elemente ce ţin de discursul
muzeal, configurarea spaţială şi sensul pe care
vizitatorii îl atribuie acestora, urmărim să punctăm
rolul activ – nu mereu urmărit – al arhitecturii în
cadrul interpretării expoziţiei, în condiţiile în care
scopul, declarat încă de la început, al muzeului a
fost acela de a-l face pe vizitator să se confrunte
pur şi simplu cu obiectul şi să îi atribuie sensuri în
funcţie de propriile amintiri, cunoştinţe, experienţe etc.
Се вели дека театарот е „храм“ на уметноста. Овој став се однесува не само на она што се случува во театарот - театарска претстава, игра на актерот пред гледачот – туку и на внатрешниот просторен концепт на таатарот. Каква е поврзаноста на храмот со театарот? За да одговориме на ова прашање пред сè е потребно да се разгледа концептот на просторното третирање на храмот во „источното“ и „западното“ христијанство. Постојат темелни разлики меѓу „источното“ и „западното“ толкување на поимот: храм, перспектива, литургија, иконостас.
Иако крајно профанизиран, театарот останал во тесна врска со црквата, дали преку архитектура или пак елементите кои се користат во театарот.
Space is a product of semiosis. It is a condition pertinent to an organism’s semiotic freedom, which is articulated by the organism as a consequence of its capacity to manipulate the world in the course of its unfolding interaction with its environment. Spatial configuration is thus the result of agency inherent in the organism-in-its-environment.
Space, a consequence of social cohesion, is effected through constraints and processes of enaction which are semiotic. These processes are productive and offer architects a novel means by which to configure space, which they should embrace to articulate the nature of inhabitation. The model presented identifies activity as the essential building block to the generation of form. Modelled as a form of artificial life, swarm-like components, referred to as ‘actants’, represent discrete activities and self-configure according to differences in the environment they detect, to form a body-of-swarms. Thus, depicting the spatiality of being.
This article reports on a study of the effects of an action research project that aimed to improve the practice of teaching art in elementary schools in Slovenia. The specific focus was on the planning and execution of art tasks relating to architectural design. The planned improvements were based on the process of architectural design from recognising a real problem to finding solutions to art problems. The subjects of the research were 80 10-year-old fifth graders and their art and classroom teachers from two elementary schools in Maribor, Slovenia. We evaluated the effects of the implemented changes on pupils' artistic creativity by testing the pupils before and after the action research by using an artistic creativity test with which we were able to monitor the level of pupils' creative development. Test drawings made by pupils before and after the action research were evaluated by monitoring six factors of artistic creativity: sensitivity to problems, elaboration, flexibility, fluency, originality and redefinition. By using a dependent t-test for paired samples, we examined whether there were any statistically significant differences between the initial and the final tests for each factor separately. We found that the effects of all the implemented changes were positive, with pupils scoring higher in the final tests for each of the six factors of creativity. Findings from the action research suggest that changes to the architectural design classes yielded the best results in the last action step which enabled pupils to get a sense of space during an educational walk.
Apart from a brief overview of architectural communication viewed from the standpoint of theory of information and semiotics, this paper contains two forms of dualistically viewed architectural communication. The duality denotation/connotation ("primary" and "secondary" architectural communication) is one of semiotic postulates taken from Umberto Eco who viewed architectural communication as a semiotic phenomenon. In addition, architectural communication can be viewed as an intra and an extra activity of architecture where the overall activity of the edifice performed through its spatial manifestation may be understood as an act of communication. In that respect, the activity may be perceived as the "behavior of architecture", which corresponds to Lefebvre's production of space.
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