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Supplemental ingestion of collagen peptide improves T-cell-related human immune status: -Placebo-controlled double-blind study-

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Abstract

Objective: The effects on human immunity of oral supplementation with fish-derived collagen peptide were investigated with a placebo-controlled double-blind trial. Methods: Healthy Japanese men and women (30-59 years of age) with daily tiredness and fatigue and relatively low Scoring of Immunological Vigor (SIV) scores, a comprehensive score reflecting immune status, were randomly assigned to two groups (n=25). Each participant ingested 10 g of placebo or collagen peptide every day for 8 weeks. Their immunological functions were measured with the SIV score and other parameters. Results: The ingestion of 10 g of collagen peptide for 8 weeks significantly improved the SIV score relative to that of the placebo group (P=0.030). A within-group analysis showed that the SIV scores (P=0.002) and numbers of T cells (P=0.017), memory T cells (P=0.008), CD8+ CD28+T cells (P=0.039), and NK cells (P=0.038) increased significantly, and CD4/CD8 T cell ratio (P=0.00l) and the T-lymphocyte age (P=0.047), an index calculated from the CD8+CD28+T-cell number, decreased significantly in the collagen peptide group, but not in the placebo group. Significant improvement in the subjective symptoms of diarrhea (P=0.04l) and appetite (P=0.043) were only observed in the collagen peptide group. No adverse effects attributable to collagen peptide ingestion were observed. Conclusions: These results suggest that the ingestion of 10 g of collagen peptide for 8 weeks improves the immunological status of humans, especially the number of T lymphocytes and their subsets.

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... [8][9][10][11][12] We previously reported the randomized, placebocontrolled, double-blind trials using fish-derived collagen peptides (FCP) , and demonstrated the efficacies on skin conditions, mild knee pain, and immunological status by continuous ingestion of FCP. [13][14][15][16] In this paper, we show safety evaluation data(physical examination, blood analysis, urinalysis, and subjective symptoms)in detail that was simultaneously performed with the clinical test on immunity. 16) ...
... [13][14][15][16] In this paper, we show safety evaluation data(physical examination, blood analysis, urinalysis, and subjective symptoms)in detail that was simultaneously performed with the clinical test on immunity. 16) ...
... Subjective symptoms were assessed using questionnaires and the Likert scale as follows: 1, absolutely not applicable; 2, hardly applicable; 3, not very applicable; 4, slightly applicable; 5, quite applicable; 6, very true. 16) The principal physician confirmed the presence or absence of adverse events. Subjects were requested to complete a medical questionnaire to determine their health status at each assessment point. ...
Article
Objective This study was to evaluate the safety of oral intake of fish-derived collagen peptide (FCP) in healthy Japanese adult subjects. Methods A randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind, parallel-group trial was conducted in 50 healthy volunteers aged 30-59 years who were experiencing daily tiredness and fatigue. Subjects were equally, but randomly, assigned to fish-derived collagen peptide group (FCP group, n =25) and placebo group (P group, n~25) using a computerized random-number generator and ingested 5 g of either FCP as the active food or dextrin as the placebo food, twice per day (after breakfast and dinner) for 8 weeks. Physical examination, blood analysis, urinalysis, and subjective symptoms were examined at baseline and after 8-week ingestion of the test food. Results The analysis set was intention-to-treat including 25 participants (45.9 ±6.9 years) in the P group and 25 participants (46.3 ±6.4 years) in the FCP group. No clinically concern was observed in physical examination, blood analysis, urinalysis, and subjective symptoms. Furthermore, no adverse effect attributable to test foods intake was observed. Conclusions The results indicated that continuous oral intake of FCP is safe in healthy Japanese adults under the conditions of this study.
... Other studies have reported physiological effects as an antioxidant (Hong et al., 2019), antihypertensive (Kouguchi et al., 2013), and antidiabetic (Huang et al., 2014). In addition, several studies have reported immunomodulatory activity and immune improvements in different situations: immune capacity in immunosuppressive conditions (Koyama et al., 2015;Si et al., 2020;Si et al., 2021;Yu et al., 2020), intestinal barrier and immune gut functions Song et al., 2019), skin damage (Chen et al., 2017;Fan et al., 2013;Subhan et al., 2017), inflammatory, allergic and stress conditions (Bakaeva et al., 2018;Hartog et al., 2013;Karnjanapratum et al., 2016;Nishikimi et al., 2018;Sae-leaw et al., 2016), tumour inhibition (Alemán et al., 2011;Liang et al., 2010), immunological properties of osteogenic differentiated stem cells, induced by collagen hydrolysate (Liu & Sun, 2019;Liu & Sun, 2020) and autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases with a relevant inflammatory component as ulcerative colitis (Azuma et al., 2014;Daskalaki et al., 2021;Zhu et al., 2018), rheumatoid arthritis (Abramson et al., 2014;Mortarino et al., 2016), asthma (Zheng et al., 2019), atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease (Zhu et al., 2020). ...
... In immunocompromised mice (simulated weightlessness condition), collagen peptide administration improves peripheral blood lymphocyte distribution and T lymphocyte proliferation (Si et al., 2020). A placebo-controlled double-blind study concludes that the ingestion of 10 g of collagen peptide for 8 weeks improves human immunological status, especially Scoring of Immunological Vigour (SIV) scores, and T lymphocytes number and their subsets (Koyama et al., 2015). ...
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Immunonutrition or modulation of immune capacity through food and supplements has been gaining significant importance. Hydrolysed collagen has long been used as a functional ingredient, showing multiple physiological activities, including enhancement of immune functions. However, how collagen peptides may affect the immune system still needs further research. This study investigates bone collagen peptides (BCP) immunomodulatory activity on human monocytic THP-1 and human Jurkat T lymphocyte cell lines, using cytokine mRNA expressions as biomarkers. In vitro, gastrointestinal digestion and Caco-2 cell absorption allow obtaining digested and absorbed BCP fractions, respectively, which are tested on immune cells. Results show: (1) Immunostimulatory effect on M0 macrophages, but not on M1 macrophages (lipopolysaccharide (LPS)-activated), (2) Significant T lymphocyte proliferation after incubation with absorbed BCP fraction. (3) Significant increase of anti-inflammatory IL-10 cytokine biomarker. These results suggest that BCP could act as an immunonutrient, modulating the immune response and inflammatory processes. Abbreviations: ATCC: American Type Culture Collection BCP: bone collagen peptide DMSO: dimethyl sulphoxide FBS: fetal bovine serum ECM: extracellular matrix GRAS: Generally recognized as safe; IFN: interferon IL: interleukin, LPS: lipopolysaccharide SEM: standard error of the mean TEER: transepithelial electrical resistance
... However, little is known about the immunomodulatory effects of CP in the condition of immune suppression. Healthy Japanese adults with daily tiredness, fatigue and relatively low Scoring of Immunological Vigor (SIV) scores (a comprehensive score reflecting immune status), supplemented with CP significantly improved the SIV score (Koyama et al. 2015), suggesting CP may enhance the immune function. In our study, immunosuppressive mouse model induced by dexamethasone was used to evaluate the immune regulation effects of CP. ...
... Collagen hydrolysates from jellyfish umbrella could effectively protect ultraviolet irradiation induced suppression of immune system in mice estimated by thymus and spleen indexes (Fan et al. 2013). A Japanese study showed that healthy Japanese adults with daily tiredness, fatigue and relatively low SIV scores oral supplementation with fish-derived CP for eight weeks improved their T-cell parameters, suggesting that T-cell function and development were modulated by CP ingestion (Koyama et al. 2015). The results presented in our study showed that CP administration could improve the thymus index recovery, promote the IL-2 production and proliferation of T cells and elevate CD4 + /CD8 + ratio in glucocorticoid-induced immunosuppressive mice. ...
Article
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Collagen peptides are collagen derived products by enzymatic proteolysis, which is widely distributed in mammalian connective tissues. They have exhibited various bioactivities, including antioxidant activity, antihypertensive activity, improvement of joint pain, etc. However, the immunomodulatory effects of collagen peptides in the condition of immune suppression have not been elucidated. The objective of this study was to investigate the effects of collagen peptides on immune function in immunosuppressed mice. The immunosuppression was induced by intraperitoneal injection of dexamethasone for three days and at same time, collagen peptides (0, 300, 600, 900 mg/kg body weight) were given by gavage for seven days. On the day 8, the mice were sacrificed by decapitation. The body weight and the weights of thymus and spleen were recorded. Thymus and spleen indexes were calculated. The proliferation and interleukin-2 production of splenic T lymphocytes and ratio of CD4+/CD8+T lymphocytes in the peripheral blood were examined. Compared with the control mice, the body weight, thymus and spleen indexes, the proliferations and interleukin-2 production in T lymphocytes and the ratios of CD4+/CD8+T cells were significantly decreased in dexamethasone induced immunosuppressed mice. However, in collagen peptides treated mice, the thymus indexes, proliferation index, secretion of interleukin-2 and the ratio of CD4+/CD8+ were significantly increased compared with the mice in experimental model group. These results indicate that collagen peptides could play a protect role in glucocorticoid-induced immunosuppression.
... Indeed, supplemental ingestion of collagen peptides has been shown to suppress ultraviolet-induced skin damage and erythema in mice and humans [24,25] and to promote wound healing in rats and humans [26][27][28]. It has also been demonstrated that ingestion of collagen peptides improves human immunological status as assessed by 14 immunological parameters, suggesting that collagen peptides or their derivatives modulate immune responses and functions [29]. ...
... It has been reported that ingesting collagen peptides for eight weeks improved the immunological status of healthy Japanese men and women who had experienced daily tiredness and fatigue and improved their T-cell parameters, including the number of T cells, memory T cells, CD8 þ CD28 þ T cells, and the CD4/CD8 T-cell ratio, suggesting that T-cell function and development were modulated by collagen-peptide ingestion [29]. The present study indicated that ingestion of collagen peptides by mice skewed the balance of CD4 þ T cells toward Th1 and Treg cells. ...
Article
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Introduction: Collagen peptides have been widely used as a food supplement. After ingestion of collagen peptides, oligopeptides containing hydroxyproline (Hyp), which are known to have some physiological activities, are detected in peripheral blood. However, the effects of collagen-peptide administration on immune response are unclear. In the present study, we tested the effects of collagen-peptide ingestion on allergic response and the effects of collagen-derived oligopeptides on CD4+ T-cell differentiation. Methods: BALB/c mice fed a collagen-peptide diet were immunized with ovalbumin (OVA), and their serum IgE and IgG levels, active cutaneous anaphylaxis, and cytokine secretion by splenocytes were examined. Naive CD4+ T cells were stimulated with anti-CD3 and anti-CD28 in the presence of collagen-derived oligopeptides, and the expression of IFN-γ, IL-4, and Foxp3 was analyzed. Results: In an active anaphylaxis model, oral administration of collagen peptides suppressed serum OVA-specific immunoglobulin E (IgE) production and diminished anaphylaxis responses. In this model, the ingestion of collagen peptides skewed the pattern of cytokine production by splenocytes toward T-helper (Th) type 1 and regulatory T (Treg) cells. In vitro T-helper cell differentiation assays showed that Hyp-containing oligopeptides promoted Th1 differentiation by upregulating IFN-γ-induced signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (STAT1) signaling. These oligopeptides also promoted the development of Foxp3+ Treg cells in response to antigen stimulation in the presence of TGF-β. Conclusions: Collagen-peptide ingestion suppresses allergic responses by skewing the balance of CD4+ T cells toward Th1 and Treg cells and seems to be a promising agent for preventing allergies and inflammatory diseases.
... Gelatin, collagen extracted thermally from animal tissues, is a food product with a gelling property. In recent years, collagen peptides (CPs, also referred to as collagen hydrolysate or gelatin hydrolysate), gelatin degraded with acid or enzymes to lose a gelling property, have been shown to have various beneficial effects [8][9][10][11], used as functional food ingredients, and further proposed as a sports nutrition supplement. Concerning the effects of CPs on post-exercise physical condition and fitness, Clifford et al. [12] showed that 150 drop-jumps caused muscle soreness and reduced countermovement-jump height, but after taking CPs in advance of exercise, muscle soreness probably decreased, and the recovery of jumpheight accelerated. ...
Article
Background Post-exercise muscle soreness and fatigue can negatively affect exercise performance. Thus, it is desirable to attenuate muscle soreness and fatigue and promote recovery even for daily exercise habits aimed at maintaining or improving health. Methods This study investigated the effects of dietary collagen peptides (CPs) on post-exercise physical condition and fitness in healthy middle-aged adults unfamiliar with exercise. Middle-aged males (n = 20, 52.6 ± 5.8 years) received the active food (10 g of CPs per day) or the placebo food for 33 days in each period of the randomized crossover trial (registered at the University Hospital Medical Information Network Clinical Trials Registry with UMIN-CTR ID of UMIN000041441). On the 29th day, participants performed a maximum of five sets of 40 bodyweight squats. Muscle soreness as the primary outcome, fatigue, the maximum knee extension force during isometric muscle contraction of both legs, the range of motion (ROM), and the blood level of creatine phosphokinase (CPK) and lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) were assessed before and after the exercise load. Results The analysis set was the per-protocol set (n = 18, 52.6 ± 6.0 years) for efficacy and the full analysis set (n = 19, 52.8 ± 5.9 years) for safety. The visual analog scale (VAS) of muscle soreness immediately after the exercise load was significantly lower in the active group than in the placebo group (32.0 ± 25.0 mm versus 45.8 ± 27.6 mm, p < 0.001). The VAS of fatigue immediately after the exercise load was also significantly lower in the active group than in the placebo group (47.3 ± 25.0 mm versus 59.0 ± 22.3 mm, p < 0.001). Two days (48 hours) afterthe exercise load, muscle strength was significantly higher in the active group than in the placebo group (85.2 ± 27.8 kg versus 80.5 ± 25.3 kg, p = 0.035). The level of CPK did not change over time. The level of LDH increased slightly but was not different between the groups. No safety-related issues were observed. Conclusions These results showed that dietary CPs alleviated muscle soreness and fatigue and affected muscle strength after exercise load in healthy middle-aged males.
... When administered orally, the collagen peptides (Pro-Hyp and Hyp-Gly) were absorbed in local inflammatory sites in a murine contact-dermatitis model and take part in inflammation and wound healing by regulating the chemotactic action of fibroblasts [60], monocytes [61] and neutrophils [62]. It has also been established that consumption of collagen peptides advances human immunological status as evaluated by 14 immunological parameters, proposing that collagen peptides suppress immune functions and responses [63]. ...
Article
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In biology, collagen-biomaterial regulates several signaling mechanisms of bone and immune cells involved in tissue repair and any imbalance in collagen turnover may affect the homeostasis of cells, becoming a major cause of several complications. In this case, the administration of oral collagen may play a potential role in returning cells to their normal function. For several decades, the beneficial effects of collagen have been explored widely, and thus many commercial products are available in cosmetics, food, and biomedical fields. For instance, collagen-based-products have been widely used to treat the complications of cartilage-related-disorders. Many researchers are reporting the anti-arthritogenic properties of collagen-based materials. In contrast, collagen, especially type-II collagen (CII), has been widely used to induce arthritis by immunization in an animal-model with or without adjuvants, and the potentially immunogenic-properties of collagen have been continuously reported for a long time. Additionally, the immune tolerance of collagen is mainly regulated by the T-lymphocytes and B-cells. This controversial hypothesis is getting more and more evidence nowadays from both sides to support its mechanism. Therefore, this review links the gap between the arthritogenic and anti-arthritogenic effects of collagen and explored the actual mechanism to understand the fundamental concept of collagen in arthritis. Accordingly, this review opens-up several unrevealed scientific knots of collagen and arthritis and helps the researchers understand the potential use of collagen in therapeutic applications.
... Son yıllarda bağışıklık sisteminde alerjiye neden olan bozuklukların giderilmesinde, anormal iltihabi yanıtın engellenmesinde ve bağışıklık sisteminin önemli askerleri olan T hücrelerinin koruyucu işlevlerini arttırdığı gösterilmiştir. 45,46 Özellike prebiyotik inulin, probiyotik 1 milyar laktobasilus asidofilus bakteri, çinko ve C vitamini gibi bağışıklık sistemini destekleyen mikrobesinlerle beraber 2500 mg hidrolize kolajen peptit içeren saşelerin günde 1 adet tüketilmesi tavsiye edilir. ...
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Traditional and Complementary Medicine Practices in Turkey are scheduled from 2010 until today. After long research and publication of legislation, it is carried out on the basis of evidence only by medical doctors and dentists in their respective professions. Practitioners are authorized to practice after the trainings they receive from universities authorized by the Ministry of Health. After the COVID-19 pandemic in the People's Republic of China the medical community is trying to combat this virus, which is very new for the world, by trying different methods in the process of prevention and treatment. In this article, it is aimed to investigate the mechanisms of action of Acupuncture, Phytotherapy, Homeopathy, Cupping and Ozontherapy applications determined in the COVID-19 pandemic process in terms of immunology/immunity. Academician writers from various fields of expertise, but also interested in Traditional and Complementary Medicine, complied performed researches and wrote down this review.
... Clinical trials to investigate the effects of CP supplemental ingestion by Japanese people have been published; placebo-controlled doubleblind trials revealed that daily ingestion of 5 g CP improved the properties of facial skin [7] and suppressed ultraviolet-induced skin erythema [8]. It was also reported that the T-cell-related immune status of Japanese suffering from chronic tiredness was improved by the intake of 10 g CP per day for 8 weeks [9]. Thus, supplemental ingestion of 5 g to 10 g CP by Japanese people, in addition to their daily intake of 1.9 g collagen, delivers beneficial health effects. ...
Article
Collagen is the most abundant extracellular matrix protein in animal tissues, and heat-denatured collagen (gelatin) and its hydrolysate (collagen peptide) are frequently used as food supplements. Clinical trials revealed that supplemental ingestion of 5-10 g collagen peptide daily improved the properties of facial skin, suppressed ultraviolet-induced skin erythema, and improved the T-cell-related immune status of Japanese people who ingest an average of 1.9 g collagen from their daily diet. Ingested collagen is digested and absorbed partly as prolylhydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp) and hydroxyprolylglycine (Hyp-Gly), resulting in their rather high concentrations in blood. The beneficial effects of collagen peptide ingestion appear to be mediated at least partly by these collagenderived dipeptides. Collagen-derived Pro-Hyp exhibits physiological activity in the in vitro differentiation processes of skin fibroblasts, chondrocytic cells, and pre-adipocytes; in addition, the expression of oligopeptide transporter genes has been confirmed in pre-adipocytes. Thus, it is tempting to speculate that the target cells of Pro-Hyp are precursor cells. Pro-Hyp is generated endogenously when collagen turnover is enhanced, such as in an ear inflamed by contact dermatitis, and ingested Pro-Hyp appears in the same dermatitic ear when ingested orally. Thus, endogenous and food-derived Pro-Hyp co-localizes in the same tissue and may co-interact. Further studies on Pro- Hyp may reveal novel interactions between homeostasis of the tissue and this animal-derived nutrient.
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To investigate the direct effect of prolyl-hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp) on chondrocytes under in vivo and in vitro conditions in an attempt to identify Pro-Hyp as the bioactive peptide in collagen hydrolysate (CH). The in vivo effects of CH and Pro-Hyp intake on articular cartilage were studied by microscopic examination of sections of dissected articular cartilage from treated C57BL/6J mice. In this study, mice that were fed diets containing excess phosphorus were used as an in vivo model. This mouse line showed loss of chondrocytes and reduced thickness of articular cartilage, with abnormality of the subchondral bone. The in vitro effects of CH, Pro-Hyp, amino acids and other peptides on proliferation, differentiation, glycosaminoglycan content and mineralization of chondrocytes were determined by MTT activity and staining with alkaline phosphatase, alcian blue and alizarin red. Expression of chondrogenesis-specific genes in ATDC5 cells was determined by semiquantitative Reverse Transcription Polymerase Chain Reaction (RT-PCR). In vivo, CH and Pro-Hyp inhibited the loss of chondrocytes and thinning of the articular cartilage layer caused by phosphorus-induced degradation. In the in vitro study, CH and Pro-Hyp did not affect chondrocyte proliferation but inhibited their differentiation into mineralized chondrocytes. A combination of amino acids such as proline, hydroxyproline and prolyl-hydroxyprolyl-glycine did not affect chondrocyte proliferation or differentiation. Moreover, CH and Pro-Hyp caused two and threefold increases, respectively, in the staining area of glycosaminoglycan in the extracellular matrix of ATDC5 cells. RT-PCR indicated that Pro-Hyp increased the aggrecan mRNA level approximately twofold and decreased the Runx1 and osteocalcin mRNA levels by two-thirds and one-tenth, respectively. Pro-Hyp is the first bioactive edible peptide derived from CH to be shown to affect chondrocyte differentiation under pathological conditions.
Article
We examined the effect of prolyl-hydroxyproline (Pro-Hyp), which occurs in human peripheral blood after ingestion of collagen peptide, on the migration and growth of mouse skin fibroblasts. Mouse skin discs were cultured on a 24-well plastic plate in a fetal bovine serum (FBS)-free medium. Addition of Pro-Hyp (200 nmol/mL) significantly increased the number of fibroblasts migrating from the skin to the plate after incubation for 72 h. This effect of Pro-Hyp was abolished by the addition of mitomycin C. The fibroblasts that had migrated from the mouse skin were collected and cultured on collagen gel. The growth of fibroblasts on the collagen gel was suppressed even in the presence of FBS, while rapid fibroblast growth was observed on the plastic plate. Addition of Pro-Hyp (0-1000 nmol/mL) to the medium containing 10% FBS enhanced the growth of fibroblasts on the collagen gel in a dose-dependent manner. These results suggest that Pro-Hyp might stimulate the growth of fibroblasts in the skin and consequently increase the number of fibroblasts migrating from the skin.
Article
In the present study, we identified several food-derived collagen peptides in human blood after oral ingestion of some gelatin hydrolysates. Healthy human volunteers ingested the gelatin hydrolysates (9.4-23 g) from porcine skin, chicken feet, and cartilage after 12 h of fasting. Negligible amounts of the peptide form of hydroxyproline (Hyp) were observed in human blood before the ingestion. After the oral ingestion, the peptide form of Hyp significantly increased and reached a maximum level (20-60 nmol/mL of plasma) after 1-2 h and then decreased to half of the maximum level at 4 h after the ingestion. Major constituents of food-derived collagen peptides in human serum and plasma were identified as Pro-Hyp. In addition, small but significant amounts of Ala-Hyp, Ala-Hyp-Gly, Pro-Hyp-Gly, Leu-Hyp, Ile-Hyp, and Phe-Hyp were contained.
Article
Collagen hydrolysate is a nutritional supplement that has been shown to exert an anabolic effect on cartilage tissue. Its administration appears beneficial in patients with osteoarthritis. To investigate the effect of collagen hydrolysate on activity-related joint pain in athletes who are physically active and have no evidence of joint disease. A prospective, randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blind study was conducted at Penn State University in University Park, Pennsylvania. Parameters including joint pain, mobility, and inflammation were evaluated with the use of a visual analogue scale during a 24-week study phase. Between September 2005 and June 2006, 147 subjects who competed on a varsity team or a club sport were recruited. Data from 97 of 147 subjects could be statistically evaluated. One hundred and forty-seven subjects (72 male, 75 female) were randomly assigned to two groups: a group (n = 73) receiving 25 mL of a liquid formulation that contained 10 g of collagen hydrolysate (CH-Alpha) and a group (n = 74) receiving a placebo, which consisted of 25 mL of liquid that contained xanthan. The primary efficacy parameter was the change in the visual analogue scales from baseline during the study phase in relation to the parameters referring to pain, mobility, and inflammation. When data from all subjects (n = 97) were evaluated, six parameters showed statistically significant changes with the dietary supplement collagen hydrolysate (CH) compared with placebo: joint pain at rest, assessed by the physician (CH vs. placebo (-1.37 +/- 1.78 vs. -0.90 +/- 1.74 (p = 0.025)) and five parameters assessed by study participants: joint pain when walking (-1.11 +/- 1.98 vs. -0.46 +/- 1.63, p = 0.007), joint pain when standing (-0.97 +/- 1.92 vs. -0.43 +/- 1.74, p = 0.011), joint pain at rest (-0.81 +/- 1.77 vs. -0.39 +/- 1.56, p = 0.039), joint pain when carrying objects (-1.45 +/- 2.11 vs. -0.83 +/- 1.71, p = 0.014) and joint pain when lifting (-1.79 +/- 2.11 vs. -1.26 +/- 2.09, p = 0.018). When a subgroup analysis of subjects with knee arthralgia (n = 63) was performed, the difference between the effect of collagen hydrolysate vs. placebo was more pronounced. The parameter joint pain at rest, assessed by the physician, had a statistical significance level of p = 0.001 (-1.67 +/- 1.89 vs. -0.86 +/- 1.77), while the other five parameters based on the participants' assessments were also statistically significant: joint pain when walking (p = 0.003 (-1.38 +/- 2.12 vs. -0.54 +/- 1.65)), joint pain when standing (p = 0.015 (-1.17 +/- 2.06 vs. -0.50 +/- 1.68)), joint pain at rest with (p = 0.021 (-1.01 +/-1.92 vs. -0.47 +/- 1.63)), joint pain when running a straight line (p = 0.027 (-1.50 +/- 1.97 vs. -0.80 +/- 1.66)) and joint pain when changing direction (p = 0.026 (-1.87 +/- 2.18 vs. -1.20 +/- 2.10)). This was the first clinical trial of 24-weeks duration to show improvement of joint pain in athletes who were treated with the dietary supplement collagen hydrolysate. The results of this study have implications for the use of collagen hydrolysate to support joint health and possibly reduce the risk of joint deterioration in a high-risk group. Despite the study's size and limitations, the results suggest that athletes consuming collagen hydrolysate can reduce parameters (such as pain) that have a negative impact on athletic performance. Future studies are needed to support these findings.
Article
We developed a scoring system that can combine several immunological parameters and express the immune status of individuals as a simple numeral. T cell immune score was obtained by using 5T cell-related parameters: number of T cells, ratio of CD4(+)T cells to CD8(+)T cells, number of naïve T cells, ratio of naïve T cells to memory T cells, and T cell proliferative index (TCPI). TCPI was calculated by using number of T cells and their proliferative activity. We assessed T cell immune score in 103 patients with colorectal cancer and 51 healthy age-matched controls. The results were as follows: (1) T cell-immune score of patients in stages I-IV before surgery was significantly decreased as compared with controls. (2) The number of regulatory T cells in patients in stages I-IV gradually increased with disease progression. (3) T cell immune score was strongly suppressed after surgery, but were recovered to the initial level within a month. (4) Furthermore, restoration of immunological function was attempted in cancer patients by infusion of activated autologous T cells. The effectiveness was confirmed by an increase of TCPI in many cancer patients.
The"Zespri ® Gold Kiwi"ingestion can improve immune strength
  • N Suzuki
  • K Yamamoto
  • K Shiizuka
  • T Suda
  • K Seshimo
  • M Utsuyama
Suzuki N, Yamamoto K, Shiizuka K, Suda T, Seshimo K, Utsuyama M, et al. The"Zespri ® Gold Kiwi"ingestion can improve immune strength. J Prev Med 2012;7:17-23.
Effect of collagen peptide ingestion on the skin. Food Process Ingred
  • Y Koyama
Koyama Y. Effect of collagen peptide ingestion on the skin. Food Process Ingred 2009;44(7) :10-2.
Amount of collagen ingested from the diet (Ⅲ)
  • T Noguchi
  • M Kobayashi
  • Y Koyama
Noguchi T, Kobayashi M, Koyama Y. Amount of collagen ingested from the diet (Ⅲ). 64 th Ann Meet Jpn Soc Nutr Food Sci 2010. 3 M-09a, p.236.