... Other studies have reported physiological effects as an antioxidant (Hong et al., 2019), antihypertensive (Kouguchi et al., 2013), and antidiabetic (Huang et al., 2014). In addition, several studies have reported immunomodulatory activity and immune improvements in different situations: immune capacity in immunosuppressive conditions (Koyama et al., 2015;Si et al., 2020;Si et al., 2021;Yu et al., 2020), intestinal barrier and immune gut functions Song et al., 2019), skin damage (Chen et al., 2017;Fan et al., 2013;Subhan et al., 2017), inflammatory, allergic and stress conditions (Bakaeva et al., 2018;Hartog et al., 2013;Karnjanapratum et al., 2016;Nishikimi et al., 2018;Sae-leaw et al., 2016), tumour inhibition (Alemán et al., 2011;Liang et al., 2010), immunological properties of osteogenic differentiated stem cells, induced by collagen hydrolysate (Liu & Sun, 2019;Liu & Sun, 2020) and autoimmune and non-autoimmune diseases with a relevant inflammatory component as ulcerative colitis (Azuma et al., 2014;Daskalaki et al., 2021;Zhu et al., 2018), rheumatoid arthritis (Abramson et al., 2014;Mortarino et al., 2016), asthma (Zheng et al., 2019), atherosclerosis and chronic kidney disease (Zhu et al., 2020). ...