Elaeocarpus Ganitrus (Rudraksha): A Reservoir Plant with their Pharmacological Effects

Abstract

ABSTRACT
Elaeocarpus ganitrus (syn: Elaeocarpus sphaericus; Elaeocarpaceae) is a large evergreen big-leaved tree. Elaeocarpus ganitrus is a
medium sized tree occurring in Nepal, Bihar, Bengal, Assam, Madhya Pradesh and Bombay, and cultivated as an ornamental tree in
various parts of India. Hindu mythology believes that, anyone who wears Rudraksha beads get the mental and physical prowess to
get spiritual illumination. According to Ayurvedic medicine Rudraksha is used in the managing of blood pressure, asthma, mental
disorders, diabetes, gynecological disorders and neurological disorders. The Elaeocarpus ganitrus is an inhabitant shrub that has a
good rich history of traditional uses in medicine. Present review has been attempting to make to collect the botanical,
ethnomedicinal, pharmacological information and therapeutic utility of Elaeocarpus ganitrus on the basis of current science.
Keywords: Elaeocarpus ganitrus, Antidepressant, Rudraksha, Pharmacological activity.

Full text

Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 34(1), September – October 2015; Article No. 10, Pages: 55-64 ISSN 0976 – 044X
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55
Swati Hardainiyan1, *Bankim Chandra Nandy2, Krishan Kumar1
1Department of Food and Biotechnology, Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women’s University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India
2Department of Pharmaceutical Science, Jayoti Vidyapeeth Women’s University, Jaipur, Rajasthan, India.
*Corresponding author’s E-mail: talktobankim@gmail.com
Accepted on: 05-07-2015; Finalized on: 31-08-2015.
ABSTRACT
Elaeocarpus ganitrus (syn: Elaeocarpus sphaericus; Elaeocarpaceae) is a large evergreen big-leaved tree. Elaeocarpus ganitrus is a
medium sized tree occurring in Nepal, Bihar, Bengal, Assam, Madhya Pradesh and Bombay, and cultivated as an ornamental tree in
various parts of India. Hindu mythology believes that, anyone who wears Rudraksha beads get the mental and physical prowess to
get spiritual illumination. According to Ayurvedic medicine Rudraksha is used in the managing of blood pressure, asthma, mental
disorders, diabetes, gynecological disorders and neurological disorders. The Elaeocarpus ganitrus is an inhabitant shrub that has a
good rich history of traditional uses in medicine. Present review has been attempting to make to collect the botanical,
ethnomedicinal, pharmacological information and therapeutic utility of Elaeocarpus ganitrus on the basis of current science.
Keywords: Elaeocarpus ganitrus, Antidepressant, Rudraksha, Pharmacological activity.
INTRODUCTION
laeocarpus ganitrus commonly known as
Rudraksha in India belongs to the Elaeocarpaceae
family and grows in the Himalayan region1. Type
Elaeocarpus has about 360 species, occurs during
Australia, East Asia, Malaysia and the Pacific Islands.
About 120 species belonging to this genus from different
parts of Asia and out of this, 25 species occur in India
alone2. According to Hindu mythology, Rudraksha beads
bear a great religions, spiritual, and materialistic
significance. The Hindu mythology considers Rudraksha as
symbol of link between earth and heaven. It is believed
that it contains the secrets of evolution of entire cosmos
within itself3.
Elaeocarpus ganitrus Roxb. (Syn. E. angustifolius Blume, E.
sphaericus Gaertn.) is an evergreen tree, ripe fruits of
which contain a hard and highly ornamental stony
endocarp known as bead or nut 4. Elaeocarpus ganitrus
has an important position in Hindu religion and in
Ayurveda, the ancient Indian system of medicine. Fruits
of the plant are wearing by Hindu mystics as necklaces
and in their daily worship for purpose of counting prayers
and various magical properties are recognized to them5.
Rudraksha is a dried herbal fruit. Birth place or
motherland of Rudraksha is mountains of Himalayas.
Rudraksha is the King of herbal medicine working
effectively and positively, are measured to be sacred and
have many spiritual and medicinal values both as
defensive and remedial. Elaeocarpus ganitrus (syn.
Elaeocarpus sphaericus) commonly known as Rudraksha
in Sanskrit and Rudraki in Hindi is grown in Himalayan
region in India for its medicinal properties and attractive
fruit stones6. It is used in folk medicine in treatment of
stress, anxiety, depression, palpitation, nerve pain,
epilepsy, migraine, lack of concentration, asthma,
hypertension, arthritis and liver diseases. According to
the Ayurvedic medicinal system, wearing of Rudraksha
can have a positive effect on nerves and heart7-9. As
stated by Ayurvedic system of medicine, wearing
Rudraksha beads relieves strain, anxiety, lack of
concentration, insomnia, depression, hypertension,
palpitation, infertility, rheumatism, and asthma. It has
also anti-aging effect1. The seed of Rudraksha has been
given an individual place and it is attributed with
numinous and heavenly properties. Rudraksha beads
have been traditionally used in India and other Asian
countries. This species name is synonymous with E.
sphaericus, whose fruits or seeds are used in Ayurveda for
psycho-somatic diseases. Previous studies shows that E.
ganitrus possesses sedative, anticonvulsive, antiepileptic
hypnotic, tranquillizing, and antihypertensive activities. E.
ganitrus contains quercetin, gallic and ellagic acids, (-)
elaeocarpine, (-) iso-elaeocarpine and Rudrakine10,11.
People use fruit of E. ganitrus to treat different ailments.
The pulp or flesh of drupe in green and fresh state is sour
in taste, stimulates appetite and is given in epilepsy,
diseases of the head and mental illness. The fruit stone
(seed kernel) is sweet, cooling and emollient. Externally
the stone is rubbed with water and then it is applied to
small-pox eruptions. Similarly, it is applied on organs
having burning sensation and in other conditions i.e.
eruptions, measles, fevers, etc12. In the biological studies,
extracts of E. ganitrus exhibited large range of
pharmacological activities and are identified as active
beside specific biological targets during large scale
screening of multiple plant extracts. Many Literature
reports are available on various pharmacological activities
which include anti-inflammatory and analgesic13, CNS
activities, tranquillizing, hypnosis potentiation, sedative,
antiasthmatic, hydrocholeretic, antidepressant14,
antidiabetic15, anticonvulsant16, antihypertensive, cardio
Elaeocarpus Ganitrus (Rudraksha): A Reservoir Plant with their Pharmacological Effects
E
Research
Article

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56
stimulation,9 etc. Rudraksha (Elaeocarpus sphaericus)
beads have numerous amazing powers due to their
electrical Properties, electromagnetic character, and bio
electric circuit. Rudraksha is also useful for women
suffering from hysteria and coma. It can be used as a cure
for skin diseases, pimples, boils mental diseases,
ringworm and possess anti ageing property. E. ganitrus,
belongs to the family Elaeocarpaceae, is used for treating
diverse diseases such as mental illness, epilepsy, hysteria,
cough and hepatic diseases17. A combination of bark,
stem and leaf of Elaeocarpus floribundus has been used
as mouth wash and fruits has been used as antiseptic.
Elaeocarpus oblongus fruit is used as antiseptic.
Elaeocarpus is used in ulcers, rheumatism, piles,
pneumonia, and leprosy. The bark of the Elaeocarpus
parvifolius used in especially in the treatment of malarial
Infection. Bark of Elaeocarpus petiolatus is bitter and sour
juice of leaves is used to check sunstroke and given in
fevers18. Herbal drugs derived from plant extracts are
being more and more utilized to treat a broad variety of
clinical diseases, however relatively tiny knowledge about
their mode of action is available. There is a growing
interest in the pharmacological evaluation of various
therapies used in Indian traditional systems of medicine.
Plant Profile
Elaeocarpus ganitrus wild
Taxonomy- Elaeocarpus ganitrus falls under the
classification of scientific as follows:
Scientific Classification19
Botanical Name- Elaeocarpus Ganitrus (Roxb.)
Kingdom- Plantae
Division- Magnoliophyta
Class- Magnoliopsida
Order- Oxalidales
Family- Elaeocarpaceae
Genus- Elaeocarpus
Species- E. Ganitrus
Common Name- Rudraksha
Type- E. Serratus Linn, E. Ganitrus Roxb, etc.
Habit- Tree
Habitat
Elaeocarpus ganitrus is an average sized evergreen tree
with a spreading attractive crown, found in tropical and
subtropical areas at the altitude ranging from the sea
coast to 2,000 meters more than the sea level.
Elaeocarpus ganitrus generally dispersed from
Madagascar in the west through India, Malaysia,
Southeast Asia, Southern China, and Japan, through
Australia to New Zealand, Fiji, and Hawaii in the east with
it’s around 350 species. The islands of Borneo and New
Guinea have the greatest concentration of species E.
ganitrus found in Assam, Bihar, Bengal, Maharashtra,
Madhya Pradesh and Sikkim in India20,21. Tree of
Rudraksha is common along the foothills of all districts of
Arunachal Pradesh, except tawang and upper subansiri
and some other high-altitude areas. Tree of Rudraksha is
originated in humid evergreen forests, which are
characterized by three-tier forest structure22.
Botanical Description
It is a large evergreen tree with large leaves. Its height
ranges from 50–200 feet. Leaves are large and shining
green on the sun facing side and dull stringy on earth
facing side. Flowers become visible in the month of April-
May and are white or yellow in colour20,21. Fruits start
appearing in June and ripen near October. Ripe fruit is
fleshy and has a seed with blue shell. Inner part or bead
lying in the seed is called Rudraksha19.
Morphological & Macroscopical Description20,21,23,24
The morphological characters of plant are shown below
as follow as, and macroscopically description given in the
table 1 and 2.
Leaves- Simple, glabrous, oblong-lanceolate, sub-entire or
irregularly crenate, acute or acuminate
Flower- White or yellow colored, in dense racemes and
mostly from axils of fallen leaves, fringed petals, anthers
are linear, appear in April-may
Fruits- Round or oval, small, violet or blue colored and
acidic in taste
Endocarp- Stony endocarp is hard, globular, strongly
tubercule, marked with 5 to longitudinal ridges, rarely 1
to 4, reddish brown in color
Table 1: Macroscopically Examination of leaf24
S. No. Leaf Inspection/Observation
1 Apex Acute
2 Base symmetric
3 Color Shining green
4 Margin Undulate
5 Shape Ovate
6 Size 5-6 inch in length, 2 inch broad
Table 2: Macroscopically Examination of seed24
S. No. Seed Inspection/Observation
1 Color Blue (on fully ripening)
2 Texture Hard
3 Taste Sour
4 Shape Round, Bulbous
5 Size ½ -1 inch
Synonym of Rudraksha in other Language - Different
synonyms of Elaeocarpus ganitrus in other language listed
in Table 3 are mentioned in classical books like

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Bhavaprakash Nighantu, Raj Nighantu, Shankar Nighantu,
Dravyaguna Vigyan, Nighantu Adarsha, etc.21,25-31
Table 3: Synonym of Rudraksha
Language Synonyms
Sanskrit Chattu sampangi, Rudraksha,
Bhutnasan
Hindi Rudraki, Rudraksha
English Utrasum Bead Tree , Wooden
Begger bead
Gujarati Rudraksh
Bengali Rudrakya
Kannada Rudrakshi mara, Rudraksh
Malayalam Rudraksha, Rudraksam
Marathi Rudraksha
Punjabi Rudraksha
Tamil Rudraksha, Ruttiratcam
Telgu Rudraksha, Rudraksi
Assam Rudrai, Ludrok, Udrok
Other Sivaksha, Sarwaksh, Paawan,
Nilkanthaksha, Haraksha, Sivpriye
Important Formulations of Elaeocarpus Ganitrus
Gorochanadi vati, Mrtasanjivani gutika, Svarnamukladi
gutika, Dhanwantara gutika and Cukkumitppalyadi
gutika32. Rudraksha Churan, rudraksha Hima (Cold
infusion), Rudraksha Milk, Rudraksha decoction for
Gargling, Rudraksha Lehyam, Rudraksha Vibhuti,
Rudraksha Oil, Rudraksha eyedrops, Rudraksha Paste and
Rudraksha Bhasma33.
Bioactive Compounds in Elaeocarpus
Figure 1: Tree of E. ganitrus
The Elaeocarpus ganitrus fruit have many
phytoconstituents such as alkaloids, flavonoids, tannins,
steroids, triterpenoids, carbohydrates and cardiac
glycosides. Singh10 says that a significant amount of
phytocomponents such as isoelaeocarpicine, elaeocapine
isoelaeocarpine and quercetin, gallic, ellagic acids and
rudrakine. Three new ellagic acid derivatives of
eleocarpaceae, 4-Omethylellagic acid 3-0-a-rhamnoside,
4-Omethylellagic acid 30-(300-O-acetyl)-a-rhamnoside
and 4-Omethylellagic acid 30-(400-Oacetyl)- a-
rhamnoside in addition to the known ellagic acid
derivative, 4-O-methylellagic acid 30- (200,300-di-O-
acetyl)-a-rhamnoside are used in multi besieged therapy
of cancer and a significant antioxidant ability due to its
wealthy content of tannins and flavonoids34. Prosopis
species has been widely used to cure basic ailments in the
usual system of medicine35. Elaeocarpus ganitrus have
gallic, quercetin, and ellagic acids, (-) elaeocarpine, (-) iso-
elaeocarpine and rudrakine10,11.
Gaseous Composition of Rudraksha9,17
Rudraksha beads are containing carbon, nitrogen,
hydrogen, oxygen and trace elements in combined form.
Percentage composition of gaseous elements in
Rudraksha beads are shown in figure 2:
Figure 2: Percentage Compositions of Gaseous Elements
in E. ganitrus
Traditional Properties36-38
An Unripe and ripped fruit of Elaeocarpus sphaericus
shows different traditional uses:
 Elaeocarpus sphaericus imposes positive effect on
Stress, Anxiety, Depression, Palpitations and Lack of
Concentration.
 It cools down the body temperature and brings calm
to mind. Those who suffer from anxiety should keep
big size five mukhi Elaeocarpus sphaericus with
themselves and whenever they feel nervous; they
should hold them tight in their right palm for ten
minutes. It will help them to regain their confidence
and their body would become stable.
 Elaeocarpus sphaericus is an excellent bead for
pregnant women. Wearing Garbh Gauri Elaeocarpus
sphaericus helps women who have problems in
conceiving a child and are prone to abortion.
 Elaeocarpus sphaericus is also useful for women
suffering from hysteria and coma.

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 Elaeocarpus sphaericus also help to cure prolonged
cough, the paste of ten-faced. Elaeocarpus
sphaericus with milk relieves prolonged cough. This
medicine should be taken thrice a day. It can be used
as a cure for skin diseases, sores, ringworm, pimples,
boils and burns also.
 Elaeocarpus sphaericus is also good for children who
suffer from frequent fever. Such children should
wear three-faced Elaeocarpus sphaericus.
 To cure smallpox equal quantity of black pepper and
Elaeocarpus sphaericus should be powdered and
taken with water.
 Elaeocarpus sphaericus is also useful in mental
diseases. Milk boiled with four faced Rudraksha seed
is good medicine for mental diseases. This also helps
in increasing memory.
 Elaeocarpus sphaericus also possess anti ageing
property.
Ayurvedic Properties of Rudraksha37,38
Rudraksha have many Ayurvedic properties that refer to
this wonderful bead and gives details of rudraksha for
increase body constitutions. The beads, bark and leaves
of Rudraksha all are used to cure various ailments like
mental disorders, headache, fever, skin diseases etc.
Rudraksha may be worn either on arm, wrist or other
parts of the body.
For improving memory power
Rudraksha can be used for improving memory power
when taken with milk.
For all brain diseases
Rudraksha can be used for treating all brain diseases like
brain fever etc.
As a blood purifier
Rudraksha shall be used for treating the blood impurities
and strengthens the body substance.
As antibacterial
Rudraksha can be used for treating the burns and marks.
It can also be used for curing cough and breathing
problems.
For controlling epilepsy
By using pulp of Rudraksha fruit or bark, can be used for
controlling epilepsy.
For curing liver related problems, jaundice, and
stomachache
Rudraksha can be used for treating stomach pain and
liver problems.
For blood pressure
Rudraksha can be used to treat high blood pressure, heart
diseases etc.
As Cosmetic product
Rudraksha can be used in cosmetics to bring skin glow,
also brings in a charming face.
Electric Properties of Rudraksha39
Rudraksha beads hold the property of a stabilizing secure.
These beads controls and normalizes the flow of bio-
electric current in body. Rudraksha exhibits the following
electric properties.
Confrontation
Rudraksha of particular type of mukhi contain an ultimate
factor of resistance. It resists the flow of bio-electrical
current generated due to potential difference among
different organs or parts of the body. This resistance
generates a specific ampere of current flow depending on
the aspect of conflict.
It is important to reveal here that specific variety of
Rudraksha sends precise impulses acting on a specific
type of bio-chemicals in the brain thus bringing specific
positive changes in the personality.
Capacitance
This phrase earnings ability to store the bio-electrical
energy. The values are exact in the units of Farad. This
property of Rudraksha makes them able of stabilizing and
anchoring the flow of bio-electrical current thus
controlling and normalizing heart beat and sensory
activities in the body. The increased level of stress results
in increased physical activity in the body along with
increase in heart beats, hormonal and nervine activities,
thus increasing energy levels and impending differences
at different levels. As a result the magnitude of flow of
bio electric current increases. Rudraksha beads acts as
dielectric store or capacitor when directly comes in
contact with body and store or absorbs this surplus of
bio-energy streamlining the generally activity in the body
to normalcy.
Inductance
Specific type of Rudraksha sends out specific inductive
ambiance because of unique magnetic properties. These
ambiances are the reason for why the people feel better
even when the beads do not touch them physically.
Methods for Identification of real Elaeocarpus
Sphaericus17,40-42
It is very simple to identify a real Elaeocarpus sphaericus.
It is made falsely and the artificial Elaeocarpus sphaericus
are also being sold in market. There are many methods of
testing a actual (or fake) Elaeocarpus sphaericus:
Properties Test
This test gives information that whether the beads show
properties like inductance, capacitance, conduction of
electric current etc.

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Cut Test
It is most reliable methods and for this cut the
Elaeocarpus sphaericus bead horizontally. When it will be
cut one can find the same number of section as the
number of lines. If it is not then drawback of this method
is that bead gets damaged.
Eye test
Sometimes the fake or the artificial Elaeocarpus
sphaericus may seem same as real one but these fake
Elaeocarpus sphaericus facets cannot be made as real as
those present on the real Elaeocarpus sphaericus. This is a
natural partition on Elaeocarpus sphaericus which just
like the closed lips with deep natural. See these deep
linings (facets) with the help of a magnifying glass
(Lenses) and thus can be easily distinguish a real
Elaeocarpus sphaericus.
Copper Coin Test
Generally it is believed that when an Elaeocarpus
sphaericus bead is placed between two copper coins it
will slightly rotate either clockwise or the anticlockwise
direction. This phenomenon occurs due to physical and
magnetic properties of the Elaeocarpus sphaericus beads.
X-Ray
One way is to follow the X-ray technique one can see the
internal structure without damaging the beads. This
digital X-ray test is done without complication for
Elaeocarpus sphaericus up to nine Mukhi but higher
Mukhi beads may not give 100% accurate results due to
overlapping of the internal seeds.
Water test
Some of the rare Elaeocarpus sphaericus beads like Gauri
Shankar Elaeocarpus sphaericus or a trijuti can be made
by synthetically joining two or three Elaeocarpus
sphaericus with help of paste etc. if here is any of
hesitation this Elaeocarpus sphaericus bead, kept in
boiling water for some minutes. A sharp streak will take
place at the joint in case of synthetic Elaeocarpus
sphaericus.
CT scanning
CT scanning is another method for identification of
Elaeocarpus sphaericus but it is more expensive than X-
ray. It gives much clear results for any Elaeocarpus
sphaericus than X-ray.
Pharmacological Effects
In mainly biological studies, E. ganitrus exhibited the
broad range of pharmacological actions and identified as
active beside specific biological targets during large scale
screening of multiple plant extracts. On the basis of a
variety of in vitro, investigational and scientific
researches, the following pharmacological activities of E.
ganitrus have been reported35. Literature information are
available on a mixture of pharmacological effects which
include analgesic, CNS activities, typical behavioral
actions, sedative, tranquillizing, hypnosis potentiation,
anti-inflammatory, antiasthmatic, antidepressant,
antidiabetic, cardio stimulation, hydrocholeretic,
anticonvulsant and antihypertensive, etc61.
Antiasthmatic activity
Singh reported the chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether,
benzene, and ethanolic extracts of Elaeocarpus
sphaericus fruits were found to have mast-cell stabilizing
activity, substantiating the effectiveness of Elaeocarpus
sphaericus in bronchial asthma. In another study the
petroleum ether, benzene, chloroform, acetone and
ethanol extracts protected guinea-pigs against
bronchospasm induced by acetylcholine aerosols and
histamine43.
Antidepressant activity
Ethanol and Petroleum ether extracts of Elaeocarpus
spharicus’s fruit decreased the swim stress immobility in
mice signifying some scale of antidepressant activity14,43.
Pharmacological investigations with the 90 % ethanolic
extract of the fruits of E. ganitrus showed the occurrence
of a major central nervous system depressant effect,
characterized by typical behavioral actions, morphine
analgesia, anticonvulsant, potentiating of hexobarbitone
hypnosis and anti-amphetamine effects. In this study the
extract showed a cardio stimulant, depressor, part of
these being mediated through beta adreno receptor
stimulation and in part through a direct musculotropic
effect14.
Antianxiety activity
E. ganitrus was evaluated for antianxiety activity in mice
using elevated plus maze model. The chloroform and
ethanol extractives were shown effective against anxiety
at all doses, but a dose of 200 mg/kg of ethanol extractive
was at equality with that of diazepam as clear from
statistical equivalence between the results of this dose
and that manifested by diazepam. Chloroform extractives
also effective at all doses but most effective at a dose of
400 mg/kg44. Fruit extract (methanolic) of Elaeocarpus
sphaericus showed anxiolytic effect in Swiss albino mice45.
Antidiabetic activity
According to Rao, E. ganitrus also shows the Antidiabetic
potential effect by chitosan based aqueous extract of
Elaeocarpus ganitrus by producing hypoglycemic effect in
normal rats.
At 100 mg/kg body weight doses of given orally formed
clinically significant hypoglycemia. The % reduction of
blood glucose of the chitosan based aqueous extract at a
200mg/kg dose is comparable with the standard anti
diabetic drug glimeperide 20mg/kg dose body weight46. In
another study Bualee and Rahman showed that water
extract of leaves, fruit and twigs of Elaeocarpus
grandiflorus has been usually used to treat diabetic
patients. Elaeocarpus grandiflorus water extract

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60
possesses a hypoglycemic effect47,48. In the study of
aqueous extract of Elaeocarpus ganitrus showed
potential antidiabetic effects49.
Antihypertension activity
In the study of Sakat, Aqueous Seeds extract of
Elaeocarpus ganitrus showed the antihypertensive effect
in renal artery occluded hypertensive in male wistar rats9.
Anti-inflammatory activity
The benzene, chloroform, acetone, petroleum ether, and
ethanol, fruits extracts of Elaeocarpus sphaericus at a
dose level of 200 mg/kg body weight was studied in rat
paw edema using different inflammogens. The ethanolic
and petroleum ether fruit extracts are effective against
carrageenan, bradykinin and PGE.
The chloroform fruit extract of Elaeocarpus sphaericus
showed effect against histamine. Chloroform extract, was
essentially effective in 5-HT induced inflammation50 and
ethanolic extract also inhibit histamine. In other study
petroleum ether, benzene, acetone, chloroform, and
ethanol fruit extracts showed significant anti-
inflammatory action against both acute and subacute
models43.
Antimicrobial activity
In the study of Singh showed that the petroleum ether,
benzene, chloroform, acetone, and ethanol extracts of
dried fruit of Elaeocarpus sphaericus was investigated
against 28 gram-positive and gram-negative bacteria
using the plate dilution and disc diffusion methods. The
acetone fraction showed marked antimicrobial activity
against ten organisms.
Benzene extracts was active against Morganella morganii
and Salmonella typhimurium, and ethanol extracts
against Shigella flexnerii, Plesiomonas shigelloides, and
Sh. Sonneii11. According to Shazid ethanolic leaves extract
of Elaeocarpus serratus showed antibacterial activity
against, Salmonella typhi, Plesiomonas and Proteus spp.51
Antiulcerogenic activity
The benzene, petroleum ether, acetone, chloroform and
ethanol, extracts of dried fruit of Elaeocarpus sphaericus,
showed antiulcerogenic activities in rats43.
Antioxidant activity
Kumar reported that positive correlation between the
total phenolic content and antioxidant capacity showed in
the results of the ethanolic leave extracts of E. ganitrus.
Ethanolic leave extracts of E. sphaericus exhibited metal
chelating, total antioxidant capacity, reducing power,
ABTS (2, 2-azinobis-3-benzothiazoline- 6-sulphonate)
radical scavenging and hydroxyl radical scavenging
activities. Result shows that the extract showed
maximum Iron chelating activity (76.70%) at 500 µg/ml
concentration followed by the scavenging of the ABTS+
radical (55.77%) at the same concentration.
However, the extract showed only restrained hydroxyl
radical scavenging activity (13.43%). Total antioxidant
capacity was found to be 24.18 mg ascorbic acid
equivalents at 500 µg/ml extract concentration34.
Cytotoxic activity
Chloroform-soluble bark extract of Elaeocarpus mastersii
was found to reveal significant cytotoxic activity when
evaluated against a panel of human cancer cell line52.
Cucurbitacin D, cucurbitacins, and cucurbitacin F isolated
from Elaeocarpus mastersii showed cytotoxic effect
beside KB (human oral epidermoid carcinoma) cells53.
Ethanolic leaves extract of Elaeocarpus serratus showed
Cytotoxic activity of plant extracts against brine
shrimps54.
Other activities
Ethanolic fruits extract of Elaeocarpus ganitrus exhibit
sedative, anticonvulsive, hypnotic, tranquillizing, and
antiepileptic properties14. A combination of bark, leaf and
stem of Elaeocarpus floribundus has been used as mouth
wash and fruits has been used as antiseptic55.
Elaeocarpus grandis indolizidine alkaloids grandisine A
and isoelaeocarpiline compounds combine to opoid
receptor and have analgesic effect56.
Types of Rudraksha with its Astrological uses, Beej
Mantra, Ruling GOD and shape
There are many types of Rudraksha beads are listed
depending on the number of “mukhi’s” – the clefts and
furrows – they have on the surface. The scriptures state
of 1 to 38 mukhi’s, but Rudraksha of 1 to 14 mukhis are
usually bring to light1,25,39. Five faceted or Punch mukhi
Rudraksha bead is most commonly found. The higher
mukhi’s or faces are very rare. Each bead imposes a
different influence associated with the number of mukhi’s
it has as catalogues listed in table 4. The traditional
scriptures sort out and mark the value and importance to
different mukhi seeds according to the number or type of
mukha (faces) the seed has57-60.

Int. J. Pharm. Sci. Rev. Res., 34(1), September – October 2015; Article No. 10, Pages: 55-64 ISSN 0976 – 044X
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61
Table 4: Different Type of Rudraksha with their Ruling God, Beej Mantra (Empowering Verse), Indication, Planet, Shape
and Its Astrological Uses1,25,39,57,58
Type of
Rudraksha Ruling God Beej Mantra Indications/ Major Benefits Planet and
Zodiac sign Shape Astrological uses
1 Faced Shiva Om Hreem
Nama, Om
Namaha
Shivaya
Chronic asthma heart
problems, mental anxiety,
T.B, paralysis, stroke, eye
problem bone pain and
head ache
Sun / Leo Half moon
shape Enlightens the super consciousness,
provides improved concentration and
mental structure changes specific to
renunciation form Worldly affairs. The
wearer enjoys all comforts at his
command but still remains unattached
2 Faced Ardhnarees
hwar Om Namah,
Om Shiva
Shaktihi
Namah
Impotency, renal failure,
stress, anxiety, lack of
concentration, depression,
negative thinking, eye
problems, mental chaos,
hysteria and intestinal
disorder
Moon/Canc
er, Scorpio Two natural
lines or facets
on its surface
Blesses the wearer with 'UNITY'. It
could be related to guru-shishya,
parents-children, husband-wife or
friends. Maintaining oneness is its
peculiarity
3 Faced Agni Om kleem
Namha Depression, schizophrenia,
weakness multifarious,
directive of the menstrual
cycley/menstrual stress,
fixation or guilt induced
complexes, blood pressure,
mood swings, fever or
weakness, jaundice and
mental disability.
Mars/Aries,
Cancer, Leo,
Pisces
Three natural
lines or
mukhas on its
surface
The wearer gets free from sins or
wrongs from his life and returns to
purity. Ideal for those who suffer from
inferior complexes, subjective fear,
guilt and depression
4 Faced Brahma Om Kleem
Namha Blood circulation, cough
and brain linked illness,
asthma, hesitate, memory
lapse and respiratory strip
problems.
Mercury/Ge
mini, Virgo Four lines on
its surface The wearer gains power of creativity
when blessed. Increases memory
power and intelligence
5 Faced Kalaagni Om Hreem
Namah Blood pressure, heart
problems, stress, mental
disability, fatness, anger
management, diabetics,
piles, neurotic and
maladjustment problems.
Jupiter/Arie
s, Scorpio,
Pisces
Five natural
lines (mukhas)
on its surface
Wearer gains health and peace. It
increases memory also
6 Faced Kartikeya Om Hreem
Hoom
Namah
Epilepsy and gynecological
problems. Venus/Taur
us, Gemini,
Virgo, Libra,
Capricorn,
Aquarius
Six natural
lines (mukhas)
on its surface
Saves from the emotional trauma of
worldly sorrows and gives learning,
wisdom and knowledge. Affects
understanding and appreciation of
love, sexual pleasure, music and
personal relationships
7 Faced Mahalaxmi Om Hoom
Namah Asthma, pharyngitis,
impotency, foot related
disease, respiratory and
confusion.
Saturn/Taur
us, Libra,
Capricorn,
Aquarius
Seven natural
lines (mukhas)
on its surface
It should be worn by those who are
suffering from miseries pertaining to
body, finance and mental set-up. By
wearing this man can progress in
business and service and spends his life
happily
8 Faced Ganesh Om Hoom
Namah, Om
Ganesha-ya
Namah
Stomach ache, stress, skin
diseases and anxiety. Rahu/- Eight natural
lines (mukhas)
on its surface
Removes all obstacles and brings
success in all undertakings. It gives the
wearer all kinds of attainments-
Riddhies and Siddhies. His opponents
are finished i.e. the minds or intentions
of his opponents are changed
9 Faced Durga Om Hreem
Hoom
Namah
Work as mysterious
medicine for treating
strange diseases.
Ketu/ - 9 natural lines
(mukhas) on
its surface
Wearer is blessed with lot of energy,
powers, Dynamism and fearlessness,
which are useful to live a life of success
10 Faced Vishnu Om Hreem
Namha
Namah
Hormonal inequality in the
body, mental insecurity and
whooping cough.
None/ - 10 natural
lines (mukhas)
on its surface
This contains the influence of ten
incarnations and the ten directions. It
works like a shield on one's body and
drives evils away
11 Faced Hanuman Om Hreem
Hoom
Namah
Body pain, backache,
chronic alcoholism and liver
diseases.
None/ - 11 natural
lines (mukhas)
on its surface
Blesses wearer with wisdom, right
judgment, powerful vocabulary,
adventurous life, fearlessness and
success. Above all, it also protects from
accidental death. It also helps in
Meditation and removes the problems
of yogic practices

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12 Faced Sun Om Drom
Sarom Ram
Namah, Aum
Kraum
Sraum Raum
Namah
Bone diseases, rickets,
osteoporosis, mental
disability and anxiety.
Sun/ Leo,
Sagittarius 12 natural
lines (mukhas)
on its surface
Wearer gets the quality of the sun - to
rule and to move continuously with
brilliant radiance and strength. Good
for ministers, politicians,
administrators, businessmen and
executives. Removes worry, suspicion
and fear. Increases self image and
motivation
13 Faced Indra Om Hreem
Namah Muscular dystrophies Venus/
Taurus,
Gemini,
Capricom,
Aquarius
13 natural
lines (mukhas)
on its surface
Showers all possible comforts of life
one can ever desire. It gives riches and
honor and fulfills all the earthly desires
and gives eight accomplishments
(Siddhies), and the god cupid
(Kamadeva) pleases with the man who
wears it. It is helpful for meditation and
spiritual and materialistic attainments
14 Faced Hanuman Om Namah
Shivaya Brain related and many
other types of disease. None/Tauru
s, Gemini,
Capricorn,
Aquarius
14 natural
lines (mukhas)
on its surface
Most precious divine gem - Deva Mani.
It awakens the sixth sense organ by
which the wearer foresees the future
happenings. Its wearer never fails in his
decisions. Its wearer gets rid of all the
calamities, miseries, worries. It
protects from ghosts, evil spirits and
black magic. It provides the wearer
safety, security and riches and self
power
15 faced
Pashupati -
nath
Om
Pashupataya
Namah
Skin diseases, recurring
miscarriage and still birth. It
is measured as a blessing
for women who are
incapable to imagine and in
such case both the partner
should wear it for
fruitfulness
Rahu/ - 15 natural
lines (mukhas)
on its surface
This represents Lord Pashupati and is
especially beneficial for economic
progress. Its possesor is neither bereft
of wealth nor inflicted by any kinds of
skin diseases
16 faced /
Hari and
Shankar
Om Namah
Shivaya Leprosy, tuberculosis and
lung diseases Ketu/ - 16 natural
lines (mukha)
on its surface
It represents victory and the possessor
is never affected by heat or cold. It is
especially useful for the saints living in
jungles. The house in which it is kept is
free from fire, theft or robbery
17
faced/Lord
Viswakarma
Om Namah
Shivay Memory lapse and body
functional disorders None/ - 17 natural
lines (mukhas)
on its surface
It represents Vishvakarma the builder
of this world. It is very effective in
gaining unexpected money. It is
especially useful in attaining property,
vehicles and all physical assets
18
faced/Bhair
av
Om Namah
Shivay Mental harmonization and
loss or power None/ - 18 natural
lines (mukhas)
on its surface
It represents the mother earth. The
possessor remains happy and healthy.
It is especially beneficial for the
pregnant women in protecting their
child
19
faced/Vishu
narayan
Om Namah
Shivay Blood disorder and spinal
disorder Mercury/ - 19 natural
lines (mukhas)
on its surface
It represents Lord Narayana. The
possessor is bestowed with all worldly
pleasures. There is no scarcity in their
life
Gauri
Shanker /
Shiva &
Parvati
Moon Om Shri
Gauri
shankarey
Namah
Sexual and behavioral
disorders. None/Cance
r, Scorpio Two naturally
joined
Rudrakshas
Regarded the best for peace and
comfort in the family. If a man
worships Gauri Shankar at his
worshipping place, the pain and
suffering and other earthly obstacles
are destroyed and the peace and
pleasure 1of family are increased
Ganesh
Rudraksha/
Garbha -
gauri/Parvat
i & Ganesha
Ganesh Om garbha
Gauriya
Namah
Gynecological disorders None/ - Two beads
joined
together
naturally
For women wanting to have children.
Her motherhood gains perfection
Trijuti/tribh
agi - Om Namah
Shivay Internal and external body
disorders None/ - Three
naturally
joined
Rudrakshas
are a rare
phenomenon
Wearer becomes invincible

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63
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Source of Support: Nil, Conflict of Interest: None.