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Distribución y autoecología de 'Prunus lusitanica' L. en la Península Ibérica

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Ramon Santiago Beltran at Centro de Investigaciones Científicas y Tecnológicas de Extremadura
Ramon Santiago Beltran
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En este trabajo se ha estudiado la distribución, el medio físico y las agrupaciones vegetales de esta especie (que presenta un notable interés botánico) en la Península Ibérica. Se ha realizado una prospección gracias a la cual se han descrito 133 localidades para la especie en la Península, de las cuales 25 han sido descubiertas durante los trabajos de campo. Se ha elaborado una cartografía de esta especie, y también se han recogido datos del medio físico (litológicos y fisiográficos fundamentalmente) y de la vegetación. En una fase posterior de gabinete se han recogido nuevos datos del medio físico (edafológicos y climatológicos fundamentalmente). Todos los datos recogidos en las dos fases anteriores han sido analizados para obtener, por un lado las características comunes de todas las localidades, y por otro lado las particularidades para cada área geográfica peninsular habitada por esta especie.
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Prunus lusitanica L. en la Península Ibérica. Tesis Doctoral R
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... En el estrato inferior, de hierbas y nanofanerófitos, destacan los helechos. La regeneración en las localidades maduras es muy abundante, tanto vegetativa (brotes de cepa, acodo y raíz) como vía germinación de semillas (Beltrán, 2006). No obstante se ha observado que las plántulas no suelen llegar al año de vida, como consecuencia de la presión antrópica (Beltrán, 2006). ...
... La regeneración en las localidades maduras es muy abundante, tanto vegetativa (brotes de cepa, acodo y raíz) como vía germinación de semillas (Beltrán, 2006). No obstante se ha observado que las plántulas no suelen llegar al año de vida, como consecuencia de la presión antrópica (Beltrán, 2006). ...
... Prácticamente todos los datos que se presentan a continuación han sido obtenidos de Beltrán (2006). Climatología ■ Temperaturas: Temperatura media anual de 13,1 o C, sin período de heladas seguras (la temperatura media del mes más frío, enero, es de 6,1 o C y la temperatura media de las mínimas de este mes es de 2,3 o C), aunque con un periodo de heladas probables de casi seis meses. ...
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... Son relictos del clima tropical del período Terciario, cuando en la península ibérica imperaba un clima bastante más cálido y húmedo, de carácter subtropical. Las singulares loreras no suelen estar ligadas directamente a los cursos fluviales pero sí aprovechan la humedad y refugio que éstos proporcionan al encajonarse y formar barrancos y gargantas, cumpliéndose el dicho popular de que "Al loro le gusta ver el agua, pero no tocarla" (Beltrán, 2006). Aparecen en un rango amplio de altitudes, especialmente en los montes de Toledo, que abarca desde unos 400 m en el Arroyo de los Torneros (Fresnedoso de Ibor-CC) hasta casi unos 1200 m (Garganta de las Lanchas, Las Hunfrías-TO). ...
... En muchas ocasiones también conviven con brezos de elevada talla (Erica arborea, E. lusitanica y E. scoparia) y con algunos helechos relictos (Osmunda regalis, Blechnum spicant, Dryopteris affinis). Montes de Toledo alberga el mayor número de poblaciones conocidas de la península ibérica, con un total de 33 localidades (Beltrán, 2006). Se considera, por tanto, que las loreras presentan su óptimo en el tramo central de los montes de Toledo (Ladero, 1976). ...
Vegetación y Flora del Parque Nacional de Cabañeros. Vol. 1. El Paisaje Vegetal: Ecología, conservación y rutas de interés geobotánico.
Book
  • Jan 2016
http://www.magrama.gob.es/es/prensa/noticias/el-libro-vegetaci%C3%B3n-y-flora-en-el-parque-nacional-de-caba%C3%B1eros-analiza-las-diferentes-comunidades-vegetales-que-componen-el-paisaje-del-parque/tcm7-416122-16
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... In the Basque Country, it is categorized as at Critical Extinction Risk in the BRL, as well as in the last updated version produced in 2011. There are very few records of this species in the northern central area of the Iberian Peninsula (Beltrán, 2006); in the Basque Country it is known in only 5 of the km 2 grids (Aizpuru et al., 2010), and it has been recorded only once in Gipuzkoa (Lizaur & Terés, 1995). We found P. lusitanica at two sites in Hernani ( Fig. 6), occurring on siliceous bedrock, alongside streams in narrow valleys, at a relatively low elevation. ...
... Iberian Peninsula (Beltrán, 2006). The subpopulation of Erramuerreka erreka encompasses three reproductive individuals, and the one in Apaizeta four nonreproductive plants (Ihobe 2011 Notes: Soldanella villosa is categorized as Vulnerable in the BRL and SRL (D2). ...
Inventory and mapping of red-listed vascular flora in Hernani municipality (Gipuzkoa, Basque Country). Mehatxu egoeran dauden landareen inbentarioa eta kartografia Hernani udalerrian (Gipuzkoa, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoa).
Article
Full-text available
  • Jan 2013
Inventory and mapping of red-listed vascular flora in Hernani municipality (Gipuzkoa, Basque Country). Mehatxu egoeran dauden landareen inbentarioa eta kartografia Hernani udalerrian (Gipuzkoa, Euskal Autonomia Erkidegoa). ABSTRACT A total of 119 new chorological reports are given for 7 red-listed species, namely, Dryopteris aemula, Hymenophyllum tunbrigense, Prunus lusitanica, Soldanella villosa, Stegnogramma pozoi, Vandenboschia speciosa, and Vera-trum album. Comments on their ecology and local distribution maps are pro-vided. The number of subpopulations of S. villosa (52) and T. speciosum (38) found is remarkable. In several streams, the gametophyte phase of T. specio-sum, rarely reported in the Iberian Peninsula, exceeds the sporophyte gene-ration in number of individuals, which probably has important conservation and genetic diversity implications. It is proposed that the Urumea Site of Communitary Interest be extended to cover the streams that discharge into it, or alternatively, threatened plant microreserves be established at the Apaizeta, Azketa and Kartola streams. • KEY WORDS: Threatened flora, Pterydophyta, conservation, management, Natural Park. LABURPENA Guztira, zerrenda gorrian dauden zazpi landareren 119 aipu korologiko ematen dira: Dryopteris aemula (Aiton) Kuntze, Hymenophyllum tunbri-gense (L.) Sm., Prunus lusitanica L., Soldanella villosa Darracq ex Labarrère, Stegnogramma pozoi (Lag.) K. Iwats., Vandenboschia speciosa (Willd.) G. Kunkel., eta Veratrum album L.; baita euren kartografia herri mailako
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... In the Basque Country, it is categorized as at Critical Extinction Risk in the BRL, as well as in the last updated version produced in 2011. There are very few records of this species in the northern central area of the Iberian Peninsula (Beltrán, 2006); in the Basque Country it is known in only 5 of the km 2 grids (Aizpuru et al., 2010), and it has been recorded only once in Gipuzkoa (Lizaur & Terés, 1995). We found P. lusitanica at two sites in Hernani ( Fig. 6), occurring on siliceous bedrock, alongside streams in narrow valleys, at a relatively low elevation. ...
... Iberian Peninsula (Beltrán, 2006). The subpopulation of Erramuerreka erreka encompasses three reproductive individuals, and the one in Apaizeta four nonreproductive plants (Ihobe 2011 Notes: Soldanella villosa is categorized as Vulnerable in the BRL and SRL (D2). ...
Inventory and mapping of red-listed vascular flora in Hernani municipality (Gipuzkoa, Basque Country).
Article
  • Jan 2013
A total of 119 new chorological reports are given for 7 red-listed species, namely, Dryopteris aemula , Hymenophyllum tunbrigense , Prunus lusitanica , Soldanella villosa , Stegnogramma pozoi , Vandenboschia speciosa , and Vera- trum album . Comments on their ecology and local distribution maps are pro- vided. The number of subpopulations of S. villosa (52) and T. speciosum (38) found is remarkable. In several streams, the gametophyte phase of T. specio- sum , rarely reported in the Iberian Peninsula, exceeds the sporophyte gene- ration in number of individuals, which probably has important conservation and genetic diversity implications. It is proposed that the Urumea Site of Communitary Interest be extended to cover the streams that discharge into it, or alternatively, threatened plant microreserves be established at the Apaizeta, Azketa and Kartola streams
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... The Quaternary glaciations, responsible for the recent floristic impoverishment in Central Europe, had the opposite effect in the mountains of the Mediterranean Basin: they acted as warm and wet refuges in climatically adverse periods (Franco et al. 1998;Beltrán 2006) and as refuges for species with a cold-wet ecological optimum following the Tardiglacial warming. European glacial refugia for many plant and animal species were likely localised in the Mediterranean mountains, where the varied topography results in a variety of microclimates providing suitable habitats during both warm and cold periods (Bennett et al. 1991;Costa et al. 1998;Taberlet and Cheddady 2002;Postigo et al. 2008). ...
... Tertiary subtropical species find refuge in gorges and shaded places on the southern slopes in the western sector, where one can find Prunus lusitanica and Viburnum tinus Fig. 1 a- (Beltrán 2006). At lower altitudes in this sector there are also chestnut forests (Castanea sativa). ...
Equilibrium of vegetation and climate at the European rear edge. A reference for climate change planning in mountainous Mediterranean regions
Article
Full-text available
  • May 2011
  • INT J BIOMETEOROL
Mediterranean mountains harbour some of Europe's highest floristic richness. This is accounted for largely by the mesoclimatic variety in these areas, along with the co-occurrence of a small area of Eurosiberian, Boreal and Mediterranean species, and those of Tertiary Subtropical origin. Throughout the twenty-first century, we are likely to witness a climate change-related modification of the biogeographic scenario in these mountains, and there is therefore a need for accurate climate regionalisations to serve as a reference of the abundance and distribution of species and communities, particularly those of a relictic nature. This paper presents an objective mapping method focussing on climate regions in a mountain range. The procedure was tested in the Cordillera Central Mountains of the Iberian Peninsula, in the western Mediterranean, one of the ranges occupying the largest area of the Mediterranean Basin. This regionalisation is based upon multivariate analyses and upon detailed cartography employing 27 climatic variables. We used spatial interpolation of data based on geographic information. We detected high climatic diversity in the mountain range studied. We identified 13 climatic regions, all of which form a varying mosaic throughout the annual temperature and rainfall cycle. This heterogeneity results from two geographically opposed gradients. The first one is the Mediterranean-Euro-Siberian variation of the mountain range. The second gradient involves the degree of oceanicity, which is negatively related to distance from the Atlantic Ocean. The existing correlation between the climatic regions detected and the flora existing therein enables the results to be situated within the projected trends of global warming, and their biogeographic and ecological consequences to be analysed.
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... Acid substrates, e.g. schists, granites, quartzites or shale between 200 and 900 m of altitude, are its ecological optimum in the Iberian Peninsula (Franco 1964;Beltrán 2006;. In Morocco, the Portuguese laurel lives from 900 to 1700 meters of altitude and its optimum is the Rif mountains, between 1100 and 1400 m of altitude (Romo 2009). ...
Phytosociological analysis of Prunus lusitanica communities in the Iberian Peninsula and South of France
Article
Full-text available
  • Oct 2021
The relict communities of Prunus lusitanica are globally threatened, mainly by climatic and anthropic factors. Solid knowledge about floristic composition and serial dynamics provides a valuable basis for the implementation of management and conservation measures. This article focuses on peculiar communities that occur in hydric-compensated areas of the Iberian Peninsula and south of France, a submediterranean ecotonal area. A hierarchical cluster analysis allowed to identify two new syntaxa. For the first time an association of Prunus lusitanica, Lonicero periclymeni-Prunetum lusitanicae ass. nova, is reported for France, representing the mature stage of a minoriseries of vegetation, attributed to Lonicerion periclymeni. The discovery of populations of P. lusitanica in valleys embedded in the Municipality of Mação (Portugal), represent the new association Smilaco asperae-Prunetum lusitanicae ass. nova, enriched by thermophilous taxa. This relict association occurs in the South Beira District and corresponds to the southern limit of the natural distribution area in mainland Portugal, integrated in the suballiance Fraxino angustifoliae-Ulmenion minoris. Additional notes on the occurrence of P. lusitanica in other areas of the Iberian Peninsula are provided.
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Prunus lusitanica L. en la Península Ibérica
Thesis
Full-text available
  • Jan 2002
Prunus lusitanica L. is a tree which presents an outstanding botanical interest. In the present work, the distribution, the physical medium and the vegetal groups of this species on the Iberian Peninsula have been studied. In order to carry out this work, most of the information about this species generated for the last 30 years has been collected in the first place. Later, a survey of all the places included by the available bibliography was carried out, and also a search around neighbouring areas and other ones with similar characteristics. During this survey, 133 locations of the species in the Iberian Peninsula have been described, of which 25 were discovered during the field work. This survey has served to make cartography of plants in the Iberian Peninsula, scale 1:25.000 in Portugal and 1:50.000 in Spain. It has also served the collection of plants data and physical medium data (lithological and physiographic mainly). At a later stage, new data about the physical medium have been collected (edaphic and climatic mainly). All the data collected during the two previous stages have been analysed in order to obtain the common features of all locations on the one hand; and, on the other hand, the particularities of each geographical area of the Iberian Peninsula inhabited by the above mentioned species.
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Vegetación y Flora de Extremadura
Book
  • Jan 1995
Manual sobre la vegetación natural y la flora de Extremadura (España), incluyendo claves dicotómicas, nomenclatura, descripciones y una selección de fotografías en color de las plantas silvestres de la región.
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