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Towards age-inclusive sustainable development goals: Exploring the potential role and contributions of community development
Abstract
Worldwide, societies are experiencing unprecedented shifts in their age compositions. For the first time in human history,
the number of older people will surpass the number of children that are under the age of fourteen representing one of the
‘biggest social transformations’ societies will experience. The great shift in demographics demand that sustainable development
efforts are age-inclusive and support the well-being of people throughout their life course – including the later life years.
The purpose of this article is 2-fold. First, we delineate the linkages between the proposed sustainable development goals
(SDGs) and development issues related to older persons and an ageing population, arguing that the success of the SDGs also
rests on the ability to address such issues. Second, we explore community development's role in the implementation of the
SDGs and addressing age-related development issues, proposing that community development's unique perspectives, values and
approaches contribute to innovative development pathways conducive to age-inclusive sustainable development.
... Previously, researchers argued that the world is facing a greater challenge than economic crises, climate change, and extreme poverty, which emphasises the rapid demographic change and growing proportion of the ageing population (Kwan & Drolet, 2015). Indeed, Kwan and Drolet (2015) affirmed that the success of achieving the SDGs depends on the ability to manage the global ageing phenomenon. ...
... Previously, researchers argued that the world is facing a greater challenge than economic crises, climate change, and extreme poverty, which emphasises the rapid demographic change and growing proportion of the ageing population (Kwan & Drolet, 2015). Indeed, Kwan and Drolet (2015) affirmed that the success of achieving the SDGs depends on the ability to manage the global ageing phenomenon. In addition, Tamsma and Costongs (2018) discussed social inequalities and health promotion in the context of the SDGs. ...
... In another study, Negin et al. (2015) stressed that necessary pressure need to be driven by the authority to ensure that proper medication, early detection programme, and health resources should be adequately supplied to cater the specialised needs of ageing population. Indeed, the authors are in agreement with previous studies (Rajagopalan, 2001;Shetty, 2012;Kwan & Drolet, 2015) which mentioned that developed countries are more efficient in controlling TB pandemic because they put emphasis and special attention to the ageing population in terms of health risk and financial constraints. If these two criteria are adequately met, the existing burden of TB contagion can be contained. ...
Objective-The rapid growth in the ageing population necessitates a more intensified effort to include patients of all ages in global sustainable development. While many countries struggle to manage their ageing populations, efforts to ensure adequate health are alarmingly unconvincing. In fact, the spread of infectious diseases, especially Tuberculosis (TB), within the ageing population remains a threat to meet the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Studies related to the ageing population in Malaysia are rather limited and their perspectives on infectious disease patients are often neglected. Methodology/Technique-Therefore, this study aims to investigate the perspective of ageing tuberculosis patients on preventive measures and to what extent their behaviour helps Malaysia to comply with the United Nations' Sustainable Development Goals. Of 1,600 patients to whom questionnaires were sent, 1,368 completed questionnaires that were used for further analysis. This study was conducted in 2015 within selected states of Malaysia with high occurrence rates of TB cases. Finding-This paper confirmed that TB patients in this study possessed high TB knowledge especially among male and married patients with low household income. Also, the findings revealed that most TB patients understood that smoking increases the risk of TB infection, yet, they did not quit smoking which explains that majority of them have been diagnosed with TB for more than five years. Despite the patients possessed high TB knowledge, results on their attitude towards family, friends, and neighbours indicated that the patients did not distance themselves from others which might cause infections. In fact, in terms of TB practices; most patients still reluctant to wear facial mask in public. Novelty-Hence, the strategies to end the TB epidemic in Malaysia by 2035 should be improved so that the quality of life for the ageing population can be assured.
... Previously, researchers argued that the world is facing a greater challenge than economic crises, climate change, and extreme poverty, which emphasises the rapid demographic change and growing proportion of the ageing population (Kwan & Drolet, 2015). Indeed, Kwan and Drolet (2015) affirmed that the success of achieving the SDGs depends on the ability to manage the global ageing phenomenon. ...
... Previously, researchers argued that the world is facing a greater challenge than economic crises, climate change, and extreme poverty, which emphasises the rapid demographic change and growing proportion of the ageing population (Kwan & Drolet, 2015). Indeed, Kwan and Drolet (2015) affirmed that the success of achieving the SDGs depends on the ability to manage the global ageing phenomenon. In addition, Tamsma and Costongs (2018) discussed social inequalities and health promotion in the context of the SDGs. ...
... In another study, Negin et al. (2015) stressed that necessary pressure need to be driven by the authority to ensure that proper medication, early detection programme, and health resources should be adequately supplied to cater the specialised needs of ageing population. Indeed, the authors are in agreement with previous studies (Rajagopalan, 2001;Shetty, 2012;Kwan & Drolet, 2015) which mentioned that developed countries are more efficient in controlling TB pandemic because they put emphasis and special attention to the ageing population in terms of health risk and financial constraints. If these two criteria are adequately met, the existing burden of TB contagion can be contained. ...
Objective - The rapid growth in the ageing population necessitates a more intensified effort to include patients of all ages in global sustainable development. While many countries struggle to manage their ageing populations, efforts to ensure adequate health are alarmingly unconvincing. In fact, the spread of infectious diseases, especially Tuberculosis (TB), within the ageing population remains a threat to meet the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Studies related to the ageing population in Malaysia are rather limited and their perspectives on infectious disease patients are often neglected. Methodology/Technique – Therefore, this study aims to investigate the perspective of ageing tuberculosis patients on preventive measures and to what extent their behaviour helps Malaysia to comply with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals. Of 1,600 patients to whom questionnaires were sent, 1,368 completed questionnaires that were used for further analysis. This study was conducted in 2015 within selected states of Malaysia with high occurrence rates of TB cases. Finding - This paper confirmed that TB patients in this study possessed high TB knowledge especially among male and married patients with low household income. Also, the findings revealed that most TB patients understood that smoking increases the risk of TB infection, yet, they did not quit smoking which explains that majority of them have been diagnosed with TB for more than five years. Despite the patients possessed high TB knowledge, results on their attitude towards family, friends, and neighbours indicated that the patients did not distance themselves from others which might cause infections. In fact, in terms of TB practices; most patients still reluctant to wear facial mask in public. Novelty - Hence, the strategies to end the TB epidemic in Malaysia by 2035 should be improved so that the quality of life for the ageing population can be assured. Type of Paper: Empirical. Keywords: United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs); Malaysia; ageing population; infectious disease; tuberculosis (TB); patient; healthcare; policy Reference to this paper should be made as follows: Mokhtar, K.S; Rahman, N.A; Haron, M.S. 2020. Complying with the United Nations’ Sustainable Development Goals: A case of the Malaysian ageing population, Global J. Bus. Soc. Sci. Review 8(1): 01 – 11. https://doi.org/10.35609/gjbssr.2020.8.1(1) JEL Classification: I12, I19
Link: http://gatrenterprise.com/GATRJournals/GJBSSR/vol8.1_1.html
... In this article, we assume that these factors co-occur as a result of aging and may jointly impact digital exclusion. DIGITAL EXCLUSION EXPERIENCED BY OLDER ADULTS communities (Kwan & Drolet, 2015) and organizations (Finsel et al., 2024). An age-inclusive climate emphasizes not only fair and equal treatment of individuals irrespective of age but also the integration of age-based differences and unique knowledge (Li et al., 2023). ...
The emerging phenomenon of digital exclusion raises an important issue that not everyone is equally engaged in and can benefit from the digital world. Older adults are particularly susceptible to digital exclusion, but a comprehensive conceptual treatment of digital exclusion in older adults is lacking in the psychology literature. In this article, we provide a taxonomy to advance the literature on digital exclusion in older adults, identifying key conceptual attributes of older adults’ digital exclusion experiences by articulating both structural (i.e., technology deficit) and psychological (i.e., social and information isolation) challenges that they face. On the basis of this taxonomy, we integrate insights from lifespan development theories to develop a theoretical model that considers the antecedents of digital exclusion among older adults at micro, meso, and macrolevels and outlines the potential consequences for successful aging in life and work domains. We also suggest directions for future research, aiming to address issues of digital exclusions among older adults and promote digital equality in societies.
... Previously, researchers argued that the world is facing a greater challenge than economic crises, climate change, and extreme poverty, which emphasises the rapid demographic transformation of the ageing population (Kwan & Drolet, 2015;Mokhtar, Rahman, & Haron, 2020). Indeed, there is a growing concern that the current global technological advancements lead to significant economic change and disparities, which are having adverse effects on society. ...
The rapid growth in the global ageing population necessitates an intensified effort for more research to be conducted that focuses on the issues surrounding the elderly. To answer this call, the current paper reviews the emerging concept of retirement abroad and describes the Malaysian experience as a host country. Many countries are struggling to manage their ageing populations, and efforts to ensure adequate policy focus on the elderly are alarmingly unconvincing. The global phenomenon of active ageing continues to evolve and motivate the elderly to explore new places and, to a certain extent, travel to other countries to enjoy their retirement years. This trend is known as retirement abroad. Wealthy foreigners are shifting their interest to countries that are cheaper and have warmer climates, particularly those in Southeast Asia. In response, the Malaysian government launched the Malaysia My Second Home Programme (MM2H) to promote Malaysia as a retirement hub for financially independent foreigners. With its focus on creating a good and affordable life experience, the MM2H programme is a remarkable second home programme for retirees, regardless of skin colour, race, and religion. However, to date, there is little information regarding the experience of the host country. In fact, studies related to the foreign ageing population in Malaysia are limited. With that, this study presents the current situation of the ageing population worldwide and what issues or avenues can be employed to lure them into Malaysia. Also, the policymakers are encouraged to include the global ageing population as part of the government policies owing to their benefits to the local economy and the positive impact of Malaysian reputation in the international arena.
Монография посвящена комплексному исследованию теоретического и практического аспектов Целей
устойчивого развития. В первом разделе монографии представлен генезис концепции устойчивого развития, эволюция
глобальной повестки относительно рассматриваемой проблематики, философско-идеологические основы Целей
устойчивого развития, а также проанализировано рейтингирование как метод оценки их достижения. Второй раздел
посвящен особенностям реализации концепции устойчивого развития на примере практики различных государств,
проведен обзор молодежных инициатив в данной области, а также затронуты вопросы зеленого перехода и
информационно-коммуникационных технологий. Третий раздел коллективной монографии сосредоточен на правовых
аспектах концепции устойчивого развития и практики ее применения, в частности отражена взаимосвязь генетики,
технологий и биобезопасности с Целями устойчивого развития. киберпространства и раскрыты исторические особенности
кон
Издание предназначено для преподавателей, исследователей и обучающихся образовательных организаций
высшего образования по направлениям «Политология», «Международные отношения», «Международное право»,
«Регионоведение», «Мировая экономика», «Менеджмент». Коллективная монография может представлять интерес для
работников государственных и негосударственных организаций, занимающихся данной проблематикой или связанными
с ней разнообразными направлениями внешней и внутренней политики, а также всех интересующихся актуальными
вопросами устойчивого развития. системы и технологии» и др., специалистов в области международного права, междуна
Human security and vulnerability theoretical frameworks are utilized to examine willingness of seniors living in independent living centers (ILCs) in two counties of southern New Jersey (United States) to follow voluntary and mandatory evacuation orders from a number of sources. The sample, mostly White (73.3%) and female (81.8%) indicated the most willingness to follow both categories of orders when delivered by military, law enforcement, and/or fire officials. The least level of willingness was noted with orders delivered by neighbors, church leaders, and media (TV and radio) outlets. No significant difference was found based on county residency, level of preparedness, or previous evacuation experience. Those with previous disaster experience, however, indicated a significantly increased willingness to follow voluntary evacuation orders from military or National Guard, fire department, and the state governor. No significant association was found between willingness to evacuate and self-reported generalized self-efficacy. A human security framework is suggested to be beneficial for analysis given the potential for increased community frustration, anger, or anxiety based on physical, social, and economic vulnerabilities identified for senior communities.
This article analyses an online forum on Indigenous Community-Based Economic Development (CED), in which twenty-two participants from Canada and Latin America shared and reflected on experiences ranging from cultural tourism in Bolivia to a food processing co-op in Northern British Columbia. The forum demonstrated that at least some Indigenous peoples in Canada and Latin America share common values that guide the kind of development they want in their territories and communities; and that their orientation toward collective and participatory approaches to development can be grouped together under the concept of CED. The article has two main conclusions. First, that CED can be understood as a potential path to Indigenous-defined development and complement to self-determination movements. Second, that online media is a viable option for creating spaces for learning and exchange between Indigenous peoples across national and language borders, with the potential to contribute to the creation of translocal networks.
RÉSUMÉ
Cet article analyse un forum en ligne sur les questions autochtones de développement économique communautaire (DEC), où vingt-deux participants du Canada et de l'Amérique latine partagé et réfléchi sur les expériences allant du tourisme culturel en Bolivie à un traitement coopérative alimentaire dans le Nord de la Colombie-Britannique. Le forum a démontré qu'au moins certains des peuples autochtones du Canada et de l'Amérique latine part des valeurs communs qui guident le type de développement qu'ils veulent dans leurs territoires et les communautés, et que leur orientation vers des approches collectives et participatives de développement peuvent être regroupés sous le concept de DEC. L'article a deux principales conclusions. Tout d'abord, que DEC peut être comprise comme une voie potentielle pour les communautés autochtones défini le développement et un complément de mouvements d'autodétermination. Deuxièmement, que les médias en ligne est une option viable pour la création d'espaces d'apprentissage et d'échange entre les peuples autochtones à travers les frontières nationales et linguistiques, avec le potentiel de contribuer à la création de réseaux translocales.
The second edition of Progressive Community Organizing offers a concise intellectual history of community organizing and social movements while also providing practical tools geared toward practitioner skill building. Drawing from social-constructionist, feminist and critical traditions, Progressive Community Organizing affirms the practice of issue framing and offers two innovative frameworks that will change the way students of organizing think about their work. Progressive Community Organizing is ideal for both undergraduate and graduate courses focused on community theory and practice, community organizing, community development, and social change and service learning. The second edition presents new case studies, including those of a welfare rights organization and a youth-led LGBTQ organization. There are also new sections on the capabilities approach, queer theory, the Civil Rights movement, and the practices of self-inquiry and non-violent communication. Discussion of global justice has been expanded significantly and includes an account of a transnational action-research project in post-earthquake Haiti. Each chapter contains discussion questions, written and web resources, and a list of key terms; a full, free-access companion website is also available for the book.
The aim of this paper is to explore income disparities among older Malaysians. The specific objective is to determine the income disparities among different groups by gender, ethnicity, stratum and region. A total of 2,327 Malaysians, ages 55 to 75, were interviewed for the study. The data show that primary sources of income for older Malaysians, women in particular, were their children. The income disparity among various groups of older Malaysians was rather wide. Men tended to earn higher incomes compared to women. There were income gaps by ethnicity, strata, and region. The income gap among the participants in this study was much wider compared to the general population. The disparity reflected differences in the older persons’ ability to meet daily needs, highlighting the need for programs designed specifically to address poverty among older Malaysians.
Chen and Ravallion’s estimates of global extreme poverty rates are well known. This note, by considering how these rates vary by age group, reaches two important and policy relevant conclusions and emphasizes a central avenue for future research. The first is that child extreme poverty rates are 50% higher than adult ones and almost twice those of the elderly. This result depends on assuming that all individuals in a household have the same resource needs and no economies of scale exist, as in the World Bank standard approach. Conversely, if conservative estimates of economies of scale and individual discount factors are adopted, global extreme poverty rates and the child–adult gap are much smaller than the Chen and Ravallion estimates. These findings highlight the policy importance of research efforts towards understanding how needs vary within a household and with its size.
The need to more accurately conceptualize the field of community development has increased during recent decades. This is largely the result of a growing field marked by its multidisciplinary nature, but also because of the multifaceted ways in which communities around the world participate in the development process. In this article, we approach the task of conceptualizing community development by providing a conceptual definition that serves both academics and practitioners. More importantly, based on such conceptualization, we offer a typology that accounts for the different forms in which community development is practiced providing strengths and weaknesses of each form.
In most countries, state pensions are financed from pay-roll taxes. However, such pensions have a strong male bias, with more men than women accessing them while also receiving higher benefits. Achieving universal pension coverage in developing countries is not possible, with pensions financed by pay-roll taxes due to high levels of informal sector employment. Furthermore, such schemes would be biased against women. Universal pensions funded from general taxation are the only means by which developing countries can achieve universal pension coverage on a basis that is equitable for both men and women. Such schemes can be found in a number of developed and developing countries and have been very successful in reducing poverty in old age for both women and men.
Elders have long been recognised as among the most vulnerable people in disaster events. This paper reports a qualitative study of the self-perceived needs of older people in the aftermath of the Bam earthquake in Iran in 2003. A total of 56 people aged from 65 to 88 years were recruited to the study using purposive sampling, including 29 men and 27 women. Six focus group discussions and ten semi-structured individual interviews were conducted. Each focus group involved six to ten people from the cities of Bam and Baravat and their rural suburbs. Content analysis was used to analyse the transcribed data. The analysis identified four major themes among the informants' concerns: inappropriate service delivery, affronts to dignity, feeling insecure and emotional distress. A disaster-prone country like Iran needs to be appropriately prepared with culturally sensitive plans to meet the needs of those who suffer from their effects, not least older people. Emergency relief managers should note that for many older people in a disaster zone, customary forms of relief are neither required nor appropriate, and that their distinctive immediate and long-term needs should be assessed and met. Relief agencies need to be trained to be age-sensitive and should mainstream older people's rights in the planning and implementation of both the response and recovery phases of assistance.
This paper reports the results of formative and outcome evaluation of two ongoing community-based intervention programmes for integrated non-communicable disease (NCD) prevention and control in urban low-income settings of Ballabgarh near New Delhi, India, and in Depok, West Java Province of Indonesia. At both sites, a coalition of community members facilitated by academic institution and the World Health Organization, planned and implemented the intervention since 2004. The intervention consisted of advocacy and mediation with stakeholders, training of volunteers and school teachers, communication campaigns, risk assessment camps and reorientation of health services. The formative evaluation was based on the review of documents, and outcomes were assessed using the standardized surveys for NCD risk factors in 2003-2004 and 2006-2007. The baseline surveys showed that tobacco use, low intake of fruits and vegetable, suboptimal levels of physical activity and obesity were prevalent in both the communities. A frequent change in local administrators and lack of perceived priority for health and NCDs limited their involvement. Pre-existing engagement of community-based organizations and volunteers in health activities facilitated its implementation. The reach of the programme among the population was modest (25-32%). Health system interventions resulted in increased diagnosis and better management of NCDs at health facilities. Early outcome measures showed mixed results of change in different risk factors. The experiences gained are being used in both countries to expand and provide technical support to national efforts. This paper adds to the knowledge base on the feasibility of designing and implementing large-scale community-based interventions for integrated prevention of NCDs through modification of risk factors.
Duggan S., Deeny P., Spelman R. & Vitale C.T. (2010) Perceptions of older people on disaster response and preparedness. International Journal of Older People Nursing5, 71–76 doi: 10.1111/j.1748-3743.2009.00203.x
Most disasters occur in developing countries but in the last decade due to the increasing threat of floods, air disasters and terrorist threat, disaster response and preparedness is a growing global concern. Due to an ageing population across the world, older people now constitute a significant proportion of those at risk from disasters. This paper reports on a qualitative study carried out in Sri Lanka and in the United States where a group of older people were asked about aspects of disaster response and preparedness. The group from Sri Lanka (n = 9) who had direct experience of the 2004 Indian Ocean Tsunami were asked how they perceived international aid relief and a group of white Caucasians from East Coast USA (n = 8) were asked about disaster preparedness. Findings indicate that both groups had similar issues albeit that they were looking at different phases of the disaster cycle and from different cultural perspectives. Both groups identified issues related to, protecting the rights of the older person and preventing loss of independence in responding and preparing for a disaster, mistrust of government and access to resources and all expressed strong feelings of self-responsibility.
In an increasingly globalized world, many issues once seen as exclusive either to ‘developed’ or ‘developing’ countries are becoming the shared experience of both. One such issue is that of the demographic transition of the late 20th century, the major feature of which has been accelerating population ageing in all countries, rich and poor. Awareness of this transition is growing, albeit at varying rates. In countries whose populations already include significant numbers of older people, questions affecting old age are already high on policy agendas. In countries yet to experience the full force of demographic changes these questions still have a lower priority. However, some common themes between North and South are already beginning to emerge strongly. These concerns include the potentially rising costs of social welfare that are seen to be associated with older populations. The capacity of public provision to support such costs is being questioned. Consequently there is increasing emphasis on identifying what are seen as ‘cost-effective’ measures, such as enhancing the caring capacity of families and communities, asserting the responsibility of individuals to make provision for their own old age, and drawing on collective support for older people from ‘civil society’ institutions, including non-governmental organizations (NGO). In such a context this article examines the roles of NGO particularly in the newly-ageing countries of the South. It seeks to illustrate some of the ways in which NGO are responding to the demographic transition and to policy change relating to ageing societies, by moving beyond narrowly defined service delivery roles, to become advocates for policy change.
In many low income African countries, three factors are placing an undue burden on the elderly. First, the burden on the elderly has enormously increased with the increase in mortality of prime age adults due to HIV AIDS pandemic and regional conflicts. Second, the traditional safety net of the extended family has become ineffective and unreliable for the elderly. Third, in a few countries, the elderly are called upon to shoulder the responsibility of the family as they became the principal breadwinners and caregivers for young children. While a number of studies have examined the welfare consequences of these developments on children, few studies have systematically analyzed the poverty situation among the elderly (relative to other groups) in low income countries Africa, and the role of social pensions. This study aims to fill this gap.
Community development finds itself in times of unprecedented political, social and economic change, locally and globally, at the same time as divisions between poverty and privilege widen. Building practical approaches to theory and theoretical approaches to practice, this updated and expanded second edition of a bestselling text develops critiques of the changing context and identifies challenges faced by community development both at community level and as a collective force for a more just, equal and sustainable future. Featuring a range of different models of community development and illustrative stories from practitioners in the field, the new edition will be essential reading for practitioners, students and educators involved in community development, youth and community work, social work, health and education.
It is of grave concern that the syndrome of poverty in old age in Lesotho, South Africa and Zimbabwe continues in spite of the existence of formal social security provisions in these countries. The solution to this problem lies in transforming the existing social security schemes in order to ensure broad-based coverage of older persons.
This paper attempts a parsimonious definition of community development. It proposes that the purpose of community development is the pursuit of solidarity and agency by adhering to the principles of self-help, felt needs and participation. The erosion of solidarity and agency has been a historic process, connected particularly to the rise of industrial capitalism, the nation-state, and instrumental reason. Examples of community development practice as a positive response to the erosion are given from the fields of public health, violence, micro-economic development, and food. It also argues that "place" as a proxy for community has become conceptually as well as practically inadequate, and that effective community development calls for micro-macro coordination.
Older people are beginning to represent a large proportion of the general population and have become a major area for social
programming in many parts of the world. However, neglect or violation of older people’s rights is common. Until recently,
there has been a surprising lack of advocacy on the part of non-governmental organizations (NGOs) and human rights activists
for a legally effective international convention on the rights of older people, as compared with other vulnerable groups such
as children and women. This paper argues that the introduction of an international convention on the rights of older people
is long overdue. Such an international convention should contain comprehensive and legally binding provisions which would
require ratifying states to promote older people’s rights. It should be reinforced by a strong monitoring system that would
involve key members of the international community. This paper outlines the arguments in favor of the creation of a transnational
human rights agreement for older people and proposes that international NGOs and human rights advocates should work toward
creating such a convention.
This paper examines whether the hypothesis presented in Ocho Rios in 1984 is still valid and relevant. The first part of the paper revisits the central tenets of the 1984 paper. The second part of the paper gives a broad overview of how community-based approaches have been taken up and evolved over the last quarter-century. The third part of the paper examines, with the benefit of hindsight, to what extent the approaches advocated in Ocho Rios are still valid. Finally, the paper examines the role of community-based and local-level approaches looking into the future. The paper is written as a personal reflection, without any pretence to academic rigour and also without systematically surveying the thousands of ongoing community-based or local-level initiatives in disaster risk management, referred to in this paper as community-based disaster risk management and local-level disaster risk management, respectively.
Deeny P., Vitale C.T., Spelman R. & Duggan S. (2010) Addressing the imbalance: empowering older people in disaster response and preparedness. International Journal of Older People Nursing 5, 77–80 doi: 10.1111/j.1748-3743.2009.00204.x
This paper explores the role of the nurse in empowering older people at all stages in the disaster cycle. Evidence points to the need to increase the level of consultation and inclusivity of older people on this topic. Caution is called for in relation to classifying older people as a vulnerable group in disasters without first recognising that older people are probably the richest resource within any culture when it comes to emergency planning and\or coping with disasters. Practical advice on how nurses can best assist older people is presented.
This paper provides evidence on the incidence of poverty among older people in Latin America and the Caribbean (LAC), based on household survey microdata from 20 countries. The situation of older people is characterised in terms of income, education, health and access to services vis-à-vis the rest of the population. The paper identifies the role played by the current pension systems in LAC, and assesses the efforts needed to achieve substantial improvements towards the reduction of old age poverty. Copyright © 2009 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.
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