Effectiveness of castor oil massage with hot application on knee joint pain among women

Abstract

The health of Indian women is directly linked to their status in society. Every woman is unique, but there are few health problems more common among them especially after 40 years old. In those common health problems one of them is osteo-arthritis. During the age group most of the women complaining about knee pain. Knee pain is a frequent ailment that can be experienced by women from young adults to older adults. Hence, a study was conducted to assess the effectiveness of castor oil with hot application on knee joint pain among women at Kuthambakkam village area. The study objectives were to assess the level of knee joint pain among women, to evaluate the effect of castor oil with hot application on knee joint pain among women in selected community area and to associate between selected demographic variables with post test score among women with knee joint pain in selected community area. One group pretest post-test design was used in this study. Totally 50 women, in the age of 30 to 60 years who met the inclusion criteria, were selected by random sampling method. In the pre test, 28% of the women had severe knee joint pain and 72% of the women had moderate knee joint pain and in the post test after 2 weeks of intervention of castor oil massage with hot water application 24% of the women had moderate knee joint pain and 76% of the women had mild knee joint pain. Index Terms— castor oil massage, hot application, knee joint pain, women

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© September 2015 | IJIRT | Volume 2 Issue 4 | ISSN: 2349-6002
IJIRT 142591 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 73
Effectiveness of castor oil massage with hot application
on knee joint pain among women
S. Sylvia Deva Roopa
1
Dr. M. A. Sahbanathul Missiriya
2
1
B.Sc(N) IV year Student, Saveetha College of Nursing, Saveetha University, Chennai.
2
Associate Professor, Saveetha College of Nursing, Saveetha University, Chennai.
Abstract — The health of Indian women is directly
linked to their status in society. Every woman is unique,
but there are few health problems more common among
them especially after 40 years old. In those common
health problems one of them is osteo-arthritis. During
the age group most of the women complaining about
knee pain. Knee pain is a frequent ailment that can be
experienced by women from young adults to older
adults. Hence, a study was conducted to assess the
effectiveness of castor oil with hot application on knee
joint pain among women at Kuthambakkam village
area. The study objectives were to assess the level of
knee joint pain among women, to evaluate the effect of
castor oil with hot application on knee joint pain among
women in selected community area and to associate
between selected demographic variables with post test
score among women with knee joint pain in selected
community area. One group pretest post-test design was
used in this study. Totally 50 women, in the age of 30 to
60 years who met the inclusion criteria, were selected by
random sampling method. In the pre test, 28% of the
women had severe knee joint pain and 72% of the
women had moderate knee joint pain and in the post
test after 2 weeks of intervention of castor oil massage
with hot water application 24% of the women had
moderate knee joint pain and 76% of the women had
mild knee joint pain.
Index Terms— castor oil massage, hot application, knee
joint pain, women
I. INTRODUCTION
In early stages, women were valued most of their
roles as wives and mothers to preserve the family line
and grandmothers for their lived experience. Each
stage from her childhood till senescence has its own
natural deformity which alters the overall health of
the women and so women should concentrate in her
wellbeing aspects throughout her life.
The health of Indian women is directly linked to their
status in society. Research on women status has
found that the contribution of Indian women make
towards family is overlooked, and instead they are
viewed as economic burden. Every woman is unique,
but there are few health problems more common
among them. Most of the problems are usually
arising at their after 40 years old. In those common
health problems one of them is osteo-arthritis. During
the age group most of the women complaining about
joint pain especially knee pain.
Prevalence of knee pain is higher in females than
males. Years of life lived with knee osteo arthritis
increased from 10.5 million in 1990 to 17.1 million in
2010. Arthritis refers to the inflammation of the joints
in the body. A person with arthritis used to
experience unpleasant symptoms such as severe pain
in the joint areas along with swelling and stiffness.
Castor oil comes from the seed, Ricinus Communis
and is native to India. Due to its unusual
composition, castor oil has a number of health
benefits and healing properties. Castor oil is a
triglyceride, comprised of fatty acids, 90 percent of
which is ricinoleic acid.
One of the main benefits of castor oil is its use in the
treatment of arthritis. While medication can provide
pain relief and reduce inflammation, amore
preferable long term solution for arthritis involves
natural remedies or cures with fewer side effects.
Castor oil is considered effective and safe as
compared to some other natural remedies.
Hence the researcher wished to search for an
alternative route of treatment [topical] which can be
non invasive, safe and effective for the knee joint
pain. Thus the study was undertaken to evaluate the
effectiveness of castor oil massage with hot
application on knee joint pain among women.
The study objectives were to

© September 2015 | IJIRT | Volume 2 Issue 4 | ISSN: 2349-6002
IJIRT 142591 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 74
 assess the level of knee joint pain among
women
 determine the effect of castor oil massage
with hot application on knee joint pain
among women
 associate the selected demographic variables
with post test pain score among women.
II. METHODOLOGY
In pre-experimental study design, one group pretest
post-test research design was used in this study.
Totally 50 women, in the age of 30 to 60 years who
met the inclusion criteria, were selected by using
random sampling method under probability sampling
technique.
The tool used for this study was
Section-A : Demographic data to assess the
background information of women.
Section-B : It is the visual analogue pain scale to
assess the level of knee joint pain.
Prior to the data collection written
permission was obtained from the concerned women
and also from the subjects with assured
confidentiality. Pre test was conducted to assess by
using visual analogue pain scale among women who
met the inclusion criteria. Intervention started on the
same day after pre test. On the knee joint 6 to 10 ml
of castor oil was applied women with knee joint pain
and it was massaged for 5 minutes. After that hot
water bag was used to provide hot application on that
area for 5-10 minutes. Post test was conducted after
two weeks of intervention.
III. RESULTS & DISCUSSION
The collected data was tabulated and analyzed to
interpret the findings. The first and foremost table
was the frequency and percentage distribution of
demographic variables among women with knee joint
pain. Table.1 is showing the results of demographic
variables of 50 women. Among them, 10% were in
the age group of 30- 40 years, 40% were in 40- 50
years and 50% were in 50- 60 years. Regarding
education, 36% had up to primary level education
and 64% studied up to secondary education. Related
to occupation, 64% were housewife and 24% were
coolie workers. All the women were married and
most of them 74% women were belonging to nuclear
family.
Table. 1 Frequency and percentage distribution of
demographic variables among women with knee
joint pain.
Regarding the level of knee joint pain in pre test and
post test results are shown in the following diagram.
Figure.1 Percentage distribution level of knee
joint pain in pre test
28%
72%
Level of Pain (PreTest)
Mild Pain
Moderate
Pain
Demographic variables
No
Percentage
1. Age
30- 40 years
40- 50 years
50- 60 years
5
20
25
10%
40%
50%
2. Education
Illiterate
Primary school
Secondary school
Graduate
0
18
32
0
0
36%
64%
0
3. Occupation
House wife
Coolie
Agriculture
32
12
6
64%
24%
12%
4. Income
Below Rs.5000
Above Rs. 5000
Above Rs. 10,000
28
15
7
56%
30%
14%
5. Religion
Hindu
Christian
Muslim
42
5
3
84%
10%
6%
6. Marital status
Married
Unmarried
Widow
50
0
0
100%
0
0
7. Type of family
Nuclear
Joint
37
13
74%
26%

© September 2015 | IJIRT | Volume 2 Issue 4 | ISSN: 2349-6002
IJIRT 142591 INTERNATIONAL JOURNAL OF INNOVATIVE RESEARCH IN TECHNOLOGY 75
Figure.2 Percentage distribution level of knee
joint pain in post test
In the above 2 figures are showing the level of pain
among women in pre and post test.
A cross sectional observational community based
study was conducted to assess the disability of
females among rural area of west Bengal, India. In
the year of 2006 by making house to house visits,
clinical examination, observation and interview with
a predesigned pretested performance was carried out
by Chakrabarty. The results showed that among 261
females 130(49.8) were suffering from severe knee
joint pain due to osteoarthritis and also they had
impaired physical mobility.
Table.2 Effectiveness of intervention on knee joint
pain among women.
Pre test
Post test
Paired ‘t’
test value
Mean
S.D
Mean
S.D
5.86
41.9
2.94
3.0
4
t = 0.134
P = 0.001
The above table No.2 is showing the effect of
intervention. The paired‘t’ test value is evidenced
that there was statistically significant.
The finding of the study was supported by Banerjee
(2007), studied the effect petroleum extract of
Ricinus Communis exhibited significant and anti
inflammatory activity against formaldehyde and
adjuvant induced arthritis. It was also found that
Ricinus Communis was safe and it had no analgesic
effect but significant anti inflammatory activity.
In present study, there was no statistically significant
association between the selected demographic
variables with the post test score among women with
knee joint pain after applying castor oil with hot
application.
IV. CONCLUSION
Women have little autonomy, living under the control
of first their father, then their husband and finally
their sons. All of these factors exert a negative impact
on the health status of Indian women. In that aspect
knee joint pain is common symptom due to osteo
arthritis among women. It needs careful evaluation
and preventive care for women. Otherwise it leads to
impaired quality of life and interfere with their daily
lifestyle. Castor oil with hot application is the
effective method to reduce knee joint pain and
improve the quality of life among women, thus it is
simple, easy to practice and also it is easily available.
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