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Cheilostomatous Bryozoa from the Solomon Islands.
... Distribution Pacific: Hawaii, Galapagos (Soule and Soule 1973), Australia (Ryland and Hayward 1992), Vanuatu (Tilbrook et al. 2001), Solomon Islands (Tilbrook 2006), and Japan (Dick and Grischenko 2016); Western Atlantic: Caribbean, Venezuela (Winston 1986) and Brazil (present study). In Bahia, S. pacifica is commonly found in shells, coral reefs, and rhodoliths and was also collected from artificial substrata (experimental plates), from 15-to 50-m deep. ...
... Remarks Smittoidea pacifica was described by Soule and Soule (1973) based on specimens from Hawaii and Galapagos. Since then, this species has been reported from several subtropical to tropical localities in the Atlantic and Pacific Oceans, including the Caribbean and Venezuela (Winston 1986), Australia (Ryland and Hayward 1992), Vanuatu (Tilbrook et al. 2001), the Solomon Islands (Tilbrook 2006) and, more recently, Japan (Dick and Grischenko 2016). Only records from the Western Atlantic (Winston 1986) provided no description or figures of the studied specimens. ...
... Most specimens already assigned to S. pacifica (and species studied here) have diagnostic features described in the original description of S. pacifica (Soule and Soule 1973), including the primary orifice with large lyrula, small condyles, no oral spines, secondary orifice with rounded pseudosinus, and lanceolate avicularium (Ryland and Hayward 1992;Tilbrook et al. 2001;Tilbrook 2006;Dick and Grischenko 2016). Despite that, colonies from different localities may show slight morphological differences, including variations in condyle tip morphology, size of marginal pores, and avicularium length and margins (Table 5). ...
Here, we present the taxonomy of five little-known cheilostome smittinid species of Bahia State, northeast Brazil, assigned to Hemismittoidea Soule & Soule, 1973, Smittina Norman, 1903, and Smittoidea Osburn, 1952. Specimens of four species previ- ously reported in the studied area were reassessed: Hemismittoidea asymmetrica Ramalho et al., 2018, Smittina affinis (Hincks, 1862), Smittoidea evelinae (Marcus, 1937), and Smittoidea reticulata (MacGillivray, 1842). Hemismittoidea asymmetrica here is considered a junior synonym of Hemismittoidea corallinea Soule & Soule, 1973. The last three species here are assigned to Smittina smittiella Osburn, 1947, Smittoidea numma (Marcus, 1949) comb. nov., and Smittoidea complexa sp. nov., respectively. An additional species, Smittoidea pacifica Soule & Soule, 1973, is recorded for the first time in Brazil. Diagnostic characters of Smittinidae genera and species are discussed, and new combinations are proposed. Most of the taxa reported here were collected from natural substrata, mainly from coral reefs and rhodoliths, and also from artificial structures such as experimental plates, which can provide evidence regarding the passive dispersal ability of these animals (e.g., as hull fouling) and their potential for bioinvasion along the Brazilian coast.
... These authors contextually synonymized it with Caleschara minuta (Maplestone, 1909), a species from the Gilbert Islands and with two further Indo-Pacific species, i.e., C. levinseni Harmer, 1926 from the Kei Islands (Moluccas) and C. laxa Canu & Bassler, 1929 from the Philippines. After a careful re-examination of the illustrations and descriptions provided by Cook & Bock [62], as well as Tilbrook [67] (C. minuta), and Gordon [68], who suggested the conspecificity of Caleschara levinseni and C. laxa, we agree to retain the synonymy of Caleschara minuta with C. levinseni and C. laxa but we suggest to reconsider Floridinella arculifera as a separate species. ...
... The original finding is dated July 1902; a few colonies, some of which alive and fertile, were collected at the depth range of 91-113 m off Hawaii and 142-406 m off Molokai Island, in coral habitats at 20.6 • C. Subsequent citations, including Winston [72] (p. 7), Tilbrook [67] (p. 72, 73) and Cook & Bock [62] (p. ...
Investigation of bryozoan faunas collected in two submarine caves in Lesvos Island, Aegean Sea revealed a great number of colonies of three species currently assigned to the cheilostome family Onychocellidae: Onychocella marioni Jullien, 1882, O. vibraculifera Neviani, 1895, and Smittipora disjuncta Canu & Bassler, 1930. All species were first described and subsequently recorded on several occasions, from the Mediterranean Sea, particularly from the Aegean Sea. The availability of this material provided the basis for more detailed observations and first scanning electron microscopy (SEM) study of some diagnostic characters, including ovicells and ancestrulae, for the well-known species, as well as a few colonies of a species left in open nomenclature (i.e., Onychocellidae sp. 1) in previous works. In this paper we (i) update the descriptions of these four species; (ii) resurrect the species Floridinella arculifera Canu & Bassler, 1927, which was previously synonymised with Caleschara minuta (Maplestone, 1909), suggesting for it the new combination Tretosina arculifera; (iii) and introduce the new genus Bryobifallax for S. disjuncta.
... The raised ascopore rim often seen in fossil colonies of Microporella might also be an artefact due to the dissolution of the aragonitic outer parts of the frontal shields. However, raised ascopore rims were also described in Recent species, such as in Microporella dentilingua Tilbrook, 2006(see Tilbrook 2006 Microporella whiterocki sp. nov. ...
Since its first appearance in the early Miocene, the cheilostome bryozoan genus Microporella has been cosmopolitan, recorded from most continents. However, Miocene Microporella records in New Zealand are scarce, and currently limited to a single middle Miocene species identified as Microporella hyadesi (a Recent bifoliate erect form originally described from Cape Horn and Tierra del Fuego) from the Mt. Brown ‘E’ Limestone Formation of North Canterbury. Here, we describe and illustrate three new early Miocene (Otaian–Altonian New Zealand stages corresponding to the Aquitanian–Burdigalian) species, namely Microporella incurvata sp. nov., M. gladirostra sp. nov. and
M. whiterocki sp. nov., that represent the geologically oldest regional examples of the genus to date. A fourth species is left in open nomenclature because complete ovicells are not preserved in the only recovered specimen. The colonies of Microporella were collected from several rock formations exposed in limestone quarries on the South Island. The three new species share ovicells with a personate structure, but differ in the appearance of the ooecial surface (evenly pseudoporous versus imperforate), shape of the ascopore opening (cribrate versus non-cribrate), number of oral spine bases, and shape of the avicularian rostrum and crossbar. We also illustrate for the first time ovicells of another fossil species, Microporella rusti, from the Pleistocene Nukumaru Limestone
Formation of the Wanganui Basin on the North Island. The ovicells of this taxon are rare, being found in only six of several hundred specimens collected to date. The ovicells of M. rusti are also very large, covering the entire orifice of the maternal zooid, similar to those of some other Microporella species all characterized by erect bifoliate colonies contrasting with the encrusting colonies of M. rusti.
... Some colonies of R. cristata (Figs 4K, 30C) also encrusted surfaces of the crustose coralline red alga Lithothamnion sp. Basal protuberances have been described in some other living and fossil cheilostome taxa-for instance, in Robertsonidra (see Robertson 1908;Tilbrook 2006) and Bertorsonidra (Rosso et al. 2010) and Chaperiopsis (Gordon 1992), due to convergent evolution. ...
Twenty-four Recent species of the boreal-Arctic and Pacific cheilostome bryozoan genus Rhamphostomella are described. The species R. tatarica and R. pacifica are transferred to Rhamphostomella from Posterula and Porella, respectively. Eight species are new: R. aleutica n. sp., R. aspera n. sp., R. commandorica n. sp., R. echinata n. sp., R. microavicularia n. sp., R. morozovi n. sp., R. multirostrata n. sp. and R. obliqua n. sp. Neotypes are selected for six species, and lectotypes for eight species. Mixtoscutella n. gen. is established for several Rhamphostomella-like species, including M. androsovae [formerly Smittina androsovae Gontar], M. cancellata [formerly Escharella porifera forma cancellata Smitt], M. harmsworthi [formerly Schizoporella harmsworthi Waters], M. ovata [formerly Cellepora ovata (Smitt)], and M. ussowi [formerly Schizoporella ussowi (Kluge)]. In addition to taxonomic revision, the morphology (frontal shields, ovicells and multiporous septula), ecology and zoogeography of these cheilostomes are discussed, and identification keys are presented. Most species of Rhamphostomella have broad bathymetric distributions. Some have long protuberances on their basal walls that allow them to grow elevated above allelopathically active substrates such as sponges. The diversity of Rhamphostomella peaks in the northwestern Pacific.
The zoological dry collection of the Swedish Museum of Natural History in Stockholm includes an important, historical bryozoan section that is rich in species and specimens and also diverse from a geographical point of view. This collection also contains the type specimens of the type species of some cheilostome bryozoan genera introduced by several naturalists and bryozoologists between the mid-1800s and 1900s. With a few exceptions, these have not been revised since the advent of scanning electron microscopy as a standard tool for bryozoan taxonomy. Here, the type specimen(s) of the type species of the following six cheilostome genera are described and illustrated using SEM micrographs for the first time: Cheilopora Levinsen, 1909; Fedorella Silén, 1947; Floridina Jullien, 1882; Lepraliella Levinsen, 1917; Smittipora Jullien, 1882; and Stenopsella Bassler, 1952. The type specimen(s) of the type species of the recently introduced Terwasipora Reverter-Gil & Souto, 2019 and the relatively recently revised Doryporella Norman, 1903 are also illustrated for the first time. This revision has identified some erroneous geographical records for some of the species/genera examined, and has led to the proposed synonymy of Stenopsella with Gigantopora Ridley, 1881. Lectotypes have also been selected. All of the images produced will also be publicly available through the SMNH online catalogue. The digitisation of natural history museum collections, with prioritisation of historical type specimens, is of paramount importance to facilitate access to the fundamental taxonomic units for scientists worldwide.
Coral reefs are one of the important habitats of marine biodiversity in shallow tropical waters as they sustain numerous crucial ecosystem services. This study provides the taxonomic account and sheds light on the habitat of Bryozoan species, which exclusively considers corals as its substratum for their growth and their role in reviving the depleting coral ecosystem. The systematic description of 12 coral associated bryozoans is, discussed here. Among the described 12 species, six of them, Parasmittina collifera (Robertson, 1908), Smittipora philippinensis (Canu and Bassler, 1929), Onychocella angulosa (Reuss, 1848), Plesiocleidochasma porcellanum (Busk, 1860), Robertsonidra argentea (Hincks, 1881) and Schizoporella errata (Waters, 1878) are reported for the first time in Indian waters. The survey was conducted during April 2013–April 2015 in Gulf of Mannar Marine Biosphere Reserve (GoMBR). Bryozoan species were, collected from the coral rubble and coral skeletal framework in the shallow waters (up to 5 m) and illustrated by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). A conclusion was drawn from this study, where Bryozoans, which colonise dead coral skeletal framework and rubble, can revive the depleting coral reef ecosystem as they play a major role in cementation and act as pioneer species in succession.
Bryozoans with calcified frontal shields formed by the fusion of costae, collectively constituting a spinocyst, are traditionally assigned to the family Cribrilinidae. Today, this family is regarded as nonmonophyletic. In the Argentine Cenozoic, cribrilinids were until recently represented by only two fossil species from the Paleocene of Patagonia. This study describes the first fossil representatives of Jolietina and Parafigularia : J. victoria n. sp. and P. pigafettai n. sp., respectively. A fossil species of Figularia , F. elcanoi n. sp., is also described. The material comes from the early Miocene of the Monte León and Chenque formations (Patagonia, Argentina). For comparison, we also provide redescriptions of the remaining extant species of Jolietina : J. latimarginata (Busk, 1884) and J. pulchra Canu and Bassler, 1928a. The systematic position of some species previously assigned to Figularia is here discussed. Costafigularia n. gen. is erected, with Figularia pulcherrima Tilbrook, Hayward, and Gordon, 2001 as type species. Two species previously assigned to Figularia are here transferred to Costafigularia , resulting in C. jucunda n. comb. and C. tahitiensis n. comb. One species of Figularia is reassigned to Vitrimurella , resulting in V. ampla n. comb. The family Vitrimurellidae is here reassigned to the superfamily Cribrilinoidea. The subgenus Juxtacribrilina is elevated to genus rank. Inferusia is regarded as a subjective synonym of Parafigularia . Parafigularia darwini Moyano, 2011 is synonymized with I. taylori Kuklinski and Barnes, 2009, resulting in Parafigularia taylori n. comb. Morphological data suggest that these genera comprise different lineages, and a discussion on the disparities among cribrilinid (sensu lato) spinocysts is provided.
UUID: http://zoobank.org/215957d3-064b-47e2-9090-d0309f6c9cd8
Abstract The current amendments to the Mediterranean marine Non-Indigenous Species (NIS) inventory for the period 2017-2019 are the result of a continuous literature search and update of the Hellenic Centre for Marine Research (HCMR) offline database. They take into account recent findings, previously missed records, back-dated records based on the re-examination of existing material or phylogenetic studies and changes in nomenclature. During the period 2017-2019, 70 new species were added to the inventory of established species, 25 that had escaped our attention in the past and 23 newly introduced, which have already established self-sustaining populations. Meanwhile, 22 species previously known only with casual records have established viable populations and a total of 36 species have expanded their distribution into new Marine Strategy Framework Directive regions, primarily the Central Mediterranean and the Adriatic Sea. Intensified research efforts, prompted by the reporting obligations created by recent legislation, complemented by ever expanding networks and initiatives involving citizen scientists have certainly contributed to higher rates of discovery of alien species presences. However, the expansion of tropical and sub-tropical species into the cooler waters of the Aegean, the Adriatic and the western Mediterranean indicates that the warming of Mediterranean waters due to climate change is also facilitating the geographic expansion of NIS in the region. The rate of new introductions in this 3-year period is 8 species per year for the whole Mediterranean, without taking into account casual records or species with reporting lags. Only 4 species per year enter through the Suez Canal, while a considerable number of species are introduced through shipping vectors and the aquarium trade. Acknowledging the dynamic nature of invasions and the uncertainty inherent in compiling check lists, we consider the present work as the most accurate and up-to-date NIS list to inform policy, management and decision-making.
The cheilostome bryozoan genus Taylorius Gordon, 2014 comprises six named living and fossil species from New Zealand and one Recent species from South Africa. Taylorus nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Taylorius Gordon, 2014 (Bryozoa), a secondary homonym of Taylorius Britton, 1960 BrittonEN. 1960. Beetles from the London clay (Eocene) of Bognor Regis, Sussex. Bulletin of the British Musem (Natural History) Geology. 4(2):27–50. [Google Scholar] (Arthropoda: Coleoptera). Here, we describe Taylorus patagonicus sp. nov. from the early Miocene of Argentine Patagonia, and two new living species from New Zealand, Taylorus microperforatus sp. nov. and Taylorus alatus sp. nov. These new finds extend the known range of Taylorus nom. nov. to areas formerly comprising the Gondwanan supercontinent. Cladistic analysis suggests that there is a basal divergence within Taylorus nom. nov. in which an extant lineage consisting of species from South Africa and New Zealand is the sister group to the remaining species. Two New Zealand fossil taxa, T. masoni and T. waiparaensis, were not recovered in an exclusively Zealandian clade. The early Miocene New Zealand species T. masoni nested with three Recent Zealandian species, this subclade being sister to a group comprising the remaining New Zealand species and that from Patagonia. These different lineages suggest that Taylorus nom. nov. originated in the Paleogene, perhaps in the early Oligocene or late Eocene.
Parellisina gruzovi sp. n., a new species of the bryozoan family Calloporidae belonging to the suborder Flustrina is described. To date, 13 species of recent and fossil species of the genus Parellisina are known. The new species is distinguished from the other species of the genus Parellisina by its narrower avicularium rounded in the proximal part and slightly bent distally, with a pointed rostrum; the absence of kenozooid associated with avicularium (except Parellisina luciae (Jullien, 1881)); the presence of a distal pair of spines (except Parellisina mboliensis Tilbrook, 2006), as well as by the structure of the frontal surface of the ovicell with a central finely striated area of the endooecium. Fragments of colonies of the species were collected off Onekotan Island (the northern Kurile Islands) at a depth of 205 m by E.N. Gruzov during an expedition with the R/V “Akademik Oparin” in 1988. This is the first finding of the genus in the Boreal subregion of the Far Eastern seas.
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