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Antioxidant, Antimicrobial and Cytotoxic Activities of Corypha taliera Roxb.
Abstract
The methanol extract of Corypha taliera fruits as well as its n-hexane, carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane and aqueous soluble fractions were subjected to screening for antioxidant, antimicrobial and cytotoxic activities. The methanolic crude extract exhibited the highest antioxidant activity (IC(50) 19.33 mu g/ml as compared to 9.5 mu g/ml for the standard agent, BHT). The crude methanol extract and its carbon tetrachloride, dichloromethane and aqueous soluble fractions showed mild to moderate inhibition of microbial growth against some of the tested organisms. All the extractives exhibited strong cytotoxic properties, among which the methanol extract revealed the strongest cytotixicity (LC(50) = 0.43 mu g/ml).
... The free radical scavenging activity of the plant extractives was determined on thestable radical produced by 1,1diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) [19,20] . A. dichotoma significantly scavenged the free radicals generated by DPPH to demonstrate its antioxidant activity [21] . ...
Aganosma dichotoma (Roth) K. Schum, locally called Malati, has been traditionally used in the treatment in various ailments, including emesis, anthelmintic, bronchitis, leprosy, skin disease, ulcers, inflammation and disease of mouth while flowers are used in disease of eye and leaves are used in biliousness. It is also used as antiseptic, anodyne and also used as an ingredient in massage oils for paraplegia, neuralgia, sciatica. The previous phytochemical investigations on A. dichotoma led to the isolation of quercetin, rutin, kaempferol and phenolic acids as well as some other phytochemical constituents are tannin, flavonoid, flavonol, alkaloid and saponin. Antioxidant, hypoglycaemia, anti-inflammatory, anti-arthritis, anti-nociceptive, and anti-diarrheal are examples of pharmacological functions. The purpose of this review is to scientifically validate the traditional uses, phytochemical constituents and pharmacological properties of A. dichotoma.
... The stable DPPH was used for the determination of free radical scavenging activity [14]. The antioxidant activity (free radical scavenging activity) of EGL, HSGL and CSGL on the stable radical 1, 1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) was determined by the method developed by Brand-Williams et al. [15]. ...
... Recently, phytochemical screening revealed that the unripe fruits contain significant bioactive molecules including βsitosterol, β-amyrin, betulinic acid, lupeol (Chowdhury et al., 2013), palmitic, myristic, linoleic, arachidic, stearic, lignoceric acids (Shoeb et al., 2013 and β-sitosterol-3-O-α-L-rhamno-pyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-xylopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranosyl-(1→4)-β-D-glucopyranoside (Shoeb et al., 2015). Bioactivity assays of the extractives of the plant revealed its promising antioxidant and cytotoxic properties and mild to moderate activity against pathogenic microorganisms (Chowdhury et al., 2010). The chemical potential of betulin, an isolated compound of the plant, has been characterized through computational study (Khan et al., 2017). ...
p>This article focuses on the chemical constituents and protection of biodiversity through plantation of saplings of Corypha taliera Roxb., a critically endangered plant of Bangladesh. Until 2010, the tree in the campus of University of Dhaka, used to be considered as the lone surviving species in the world in nature. Succesive chromatographic separation and purification of the methanol extract of air dried flowers of C. taliera provided β-sitosterol (1), β-amyrin (2), and betulinic acid (3) for the first time from its flowers. The structures of these purified compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis and comparison of spectral data with published values as well as co-TLC with authentic samples. On the other hand, 500 mature seeds were sown in seed beds in the Medicinal Plant Garden of Faculty of Pharmacy, University of Dhaka, and Azimpur Government Officers' Quarter premises. After 40 days, the root was first seen to grow in its habitat and 85 days later the shoot developed up to 2.5 cm in height. The rate of germination was found to be 89-93%. The produced saplings were later on planted in different places of Bangladesh for conservation of the plant and protection of biodiversity by ex situ arrangement.
Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 20 (2): 213-220, 2017</p
... Some species of Corypha are traditionally used for bowel complaints, diarrhoea and cough. 1 of the unripe fruits of this palm. 2 Phytochemical investigations of C.taliera revealed that the plant contains stigmasterol, βsitosterol, β-amyrin, lupeol and betulinic acid (reduced form of betulin). 3 Betulin [lup-20(29)-ene-3β, 28-diol] is an abundant, naturally occurring triterpene. ...
p>Ab initio calculations were carried out to studysolvation free energy, dipole moment, molecular electrostatic potential (MESP), Mulliken charge distribution, polarizability, hyperpolarizability and different molecular properties like global reactivity descriptors (chemical hardness, softness, chemical potential, electronegativity, electrophilicity index) of betulin. B3LYP/6-31G(d,p) level of theory was used to optimize the structure both in gas phase and in solution. The solvation free energy, dipole moment and molecular properties were calculated by applying the Solvation Model on Density (SMD) in six solvent systems namely water, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), acetonitrile, n -octanol, chloroform and carbontetrachloride. The solvation free energy of betulin increases with decreasing polarity of the solvent. No systematic trend of hyperpolarizability with solvent polarity is found. Molecular electrostatic potential (MESP) and Mulliken population analysis (MPA) reveal that the most possible sites for nucleophilic attack are C30, H76 and H77 and electrophilic attack are O1 and O2 among the atoms in betulin. However, the dipole moment, polarizability, chemical potential, electronegativity and electrophilicity index of betulin increase on going from non-polar to polar solvents. Chemical hardness was also increased with decreasing polarity of the solvent and opposite relation was found in the case of softness. These results provide better understanding of the stability and reactivity of betulin in different solvent systems.
Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 16(1): 1-9, 2017 (June)</p
... After incubation of the tubes at 37°C for 90 min, the developed fluid from the clot was removed and tubes were again weighed to measure the clot lysis. Percentage of clot lysis was expressed as: The stable DPPH was used for the determination of free radical scavenging activity [17]. In this assay, a methanol solution of the extract or standard (2 ml) at different concentrations (500 to 15.625 μg/ml) was mixed with a 3 ml of DPPH solution (20 μg/ml methanol). ...
Background:
Drynaria quercifolia L. (Family- Polypodiaceae) is a fern grows in Bangladesh used in traditional healing by the Garo tribe of Mymensingh district. In the current study, rhizomes and fertile foliage fronds of this plant have been investigated comprehensively to assess their in vitro membrane stabilizing, thrombolytic and antioxidant properties.
Methods:
Rhizomes and fertile foliage fronds of D. quercifolia were collected, dried, powdered and extracted with methanol. Later on, crude methanol extracts of the plant parts were fractionated into petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions. The extractives were then subjected to membrane stabilizing, thrombolytic and antioxidant assays.
Results:
In membrane stabilizing assay, crude methanol extracts of rhizomes and fertile foliage fronds and their petroleum ether fractions were found to be very effective for stabilizing erythrocyte membrane in hypotonic solution. In case of thrombolytic study, crude methanol extract of rhizomes and its aqueous fraction exhibited noticeable clot lysis. However, in antioxidant assays, crude methanol extracts of the tested plant parts and their aqueous fractions exhibited potent 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), hydrogen peroxide and 2, 2'-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline sulphonic acid) (ABTS) radical scavenging activity. Besides, these extractives also displayed substantial ferric reducing potential in ferric reducing antioxidant power (FRAP) assay. Crude methanol extracts of the plant parts and their aqueous fractions were also found rich in phenolics.
Conclusion:
This study demonstrates the medicinal potentials of D. quercifolia and justifies the local uses of it by the Garo tribal people of Bangladesh for multiple disease management.
... The absorbance of the supernatant was measured at 540 nm. The free radical scavenging activity of the extract was determined based on the scavenging activity of 1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical (Chowdhury et al., 2010). Here, BHT (tert-butyl-1hydroxytoluene) and ascorbic acid were used as standards. ...
Bangladesh is a good repository of thousands of medicinal plants. Many plants have already been proven to be very effective for treating different diseases but they have not been evaluated scientifically enough to characterize the active fractions. Their safety profiles are yet to be explored and how they can be used to deal with other health related issues is to be assessed. Thrombosis and inflammation frequently develop complicated situations in human body. Free radicals make these states more complicated. To find better and safer molecules, comprehensive research on medicinal plant is going on around the world. With this aim, a systematic and comprehensive study of the root of A. racemosus was carried out and this paper reports the result of thrombolytic, membrane stabilizing and free radical scavenging activities.
... Antioxidant activity: The free radical scavenging activity of the plant extractives was determined on the stable radical produced by 1,1-diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) (Parvin et al., 2009;Chowdhury et al., 2010). ...
Bangladesh is a good repository of natural products. Numerous plants are available to facilitate the traditional treatments. Proper scientific evaluations are essential to explore the plant derived drugs. With this view, the crude methanol extract of leaves of Aganosma dichotoma (Roth) K. Schum. and its Kupchan fractions were screened for free radical scavenging, brine shrimp lethality, antimicrobial and thrombolytic activities. Among all extractives, the chloroform soluble fraction demonstrated the highest free radical scavenging activity with IC 50 value 18.21 μg/ml. Moreover, the chloroform soluble fraction showed significant brine shrimp lethality having LC 50 value of 3.98 μg/ml. On the other hand, the petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride and chloroform soluble materials revealed mild to moderate antimicrobial activity with the zone of inhibition ranging from 7 to 14 mm. In the thrombolytic assay, the carbon tetrachloride soluble partitionate showed the highest clot lysis (30.48%). This is the first report of the comprehensive investigations of different extractives of A. dichotoma for the above-mentioned bioassays.
... The absorbance of the supernatant was measured at 540 nm. The free radical scavenging activity of the extract was determined based on the scavenging activity of 1,1 diphenyl-2-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH) free radical (Chowdhury et al., 2010). Here, BHT (tert-butyl-1hydroxytoluene) and ascorbic acid were used as standards. ...
Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt is a popular herb in Bangladesh. In the present studies, the plant has been assessed to evaluate its in vitro thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing properties. Initially, the plant was collected, processed and extracted with methanol and the concentrated crude methanol extract was fractionated into petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble materials. All extractives, including the parent extract were subjected to thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing bioassays. In case of thrombolytic study, the carbon tetrachloride soluble fraction exhibited highest clot lysis. Here, streptokinase and distilled water were used as positive and negative control, respectively. However, in the assay for membrane stabilizing activity, the crude methanol extract along with other extractives were capable to inhibit hemolysis of erythrocyte membrane in hypotonic solution- and heat- induced conditions, which indicated anti-inflammatory property of the samples. Acetyl salicylic acid was used as standard drug in this assay. This represents the first report of thrombolytic and membrane stabilizing activities of B. rapa subsp. chinensis . DOI: http://dx.doi.org/10.3329/bpj.v17i2.22336 Bangladesh Pharmaceutical Journal 17 (2): 172-176, 2014
not available Bangladesh J. Plant Taxon. 28(2): 451-453, 2021 (December)
not available Dhaka Univ. J. Pharm. Sci. 18(1): 121-123, 2019 (June)
Bangladesh is in the tropical zone blessed with many plants and people of this country are dependent on them to a greater extent for foods and medicines. Brassica is a broad genus and encompasses a lot of herbs. Among these, Brassica rapa subsp. chinensis (L.) Hanelt (Family-Brassicaceae) is famous in Bangladesh as vegetables. In order to explore the healing abilities of B. rapa subsp. chinensis, different chemical and biological assays have been conducted. Initially, the sun-dried powdered herb was extracted well with methanol and then partitioned with petroleum ether, carbon tetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions. All these extractives were subjected to brine shrimp lethality, free radical scavenging, phenolic content determination and antimicrobial assays. B. rapa subsp. chinensis exhibited various responses in the conducted assays depending on the extractives. These studies revealed the facts to consider this plant with medicinal qualities in addition to its general identity as vegetables.
Corypha taliera Roxb. is a critically endangered palm species. The tree grown in the campus of the University of Dhaka, Bangladesh used to be considered as the only living species in the world. This palm tree raised some interests due to several bioactivities observed earlier and later systematic scientific studies have been undertaken to explore for its secondary metabolites. In the present study, a thorough phytochemical investigation was conducted to explore its chemical features. Initially, the unripe fruits of this palm was extracted with methanol. Later on, it was fractioned by the modified Kupchan partitioning method in to n-hexane, carbontetrachloride, chloroform and aqueous soluble fractions. The n-hexane soluble fraction was subjected to Column Chromatography (CC) over Sephadex LH-20 and the column was eluted with n-hexane-dichloromethane-methanol (2:5:1) mixtures. From the collected fractions stigmasterol (1), β-sitosterol (2), β-amyrin (3), lupeol (4) and betulinic acid (5) were isolated by Preparative Thin Layer Chromatography (PTLC). The structures of these purified compounds were established by extensive spectroscopic analysis and by comparison of their spectral data with published values as well as co-TLC with authentic samples. This is the first report of isolation of steroids and terpenoids from this plant.
A method, utilizing brine shrimp (Artemia salina Leach), is proposed as a simple bioassay for natural product research. The procedure determines LC (50) values in microg/ml of active compounds and extracts in the brine medium. Activities of a broad range of known active compounds are manifested as toxicity to the shrimp. Screening results with seed extracts of 41 species of Euphorbiaceae were compared with 9KB and 9PS cytotoxicities. The method is rapid, reliable, inexpensive, and convenient as an in-house general bioassay tool.
Ulosantoin (2), a phosphorylated hydantoin, has been isolated from organic soluble extracts of the sponge Ulosa ruetzleri and found to exhibit marked insecticidal activity against tobacco hornworm larvae and cockroaches. The structure was determined by X-ray diffraction analysis. A structurally related compound, dimethyl N2-creatininylphosphate (1), was also isolated from the sponge extracts, but was inactive in the insecticidal screens.