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Four new stygobiontic beetles (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae; Noteridae; Elmidae)
Abstract
Four new species and three new genera of stygobiontic beetles are described: Dytiscidae: Siamoporus deharvengi, new genus, new species from Thailand; Sinodytes hubbardi, new genus, new species, hom China; Noteridae: Speonotenus bedosae, new genus, new species, from Indonesia; Elmidae: Neoelmis sketi, new species, from Ecuador. All of the taxa were collected from aquatic habitats in caves and bring the total known stygobiontic beetles to 23 species, 1 subspecies, and 20 genera, in 5 families. A list of the described stygobiontic beetles is included. Line drawings and/or micrographs illustrate the taxa and a map shows the type localities.
... Anommatelmis Spangler, 1981 Anommatelmis botosaneanui Spangler, 1981 Anommatelmis botosaneanui Spangler, 1981a:377 HAITI: ?-Spangler (1981a,1996, Hernando et al. (2001), Perez-Gelabert (2008). ...
... Huleechius spinipes (Hinton, 1934) Cylloepus spinipes Hinton, 1934:192 Huleechius spinipes, Brown, 1981b:233 MEXICO: Temascaltepec, Real de Arriba-Hinton (1934, 1940d, Brown (1981b). Lemalelmis Spangler, 1981 Lemalelmis fontana Spangler, 1981 Lemalelmis fontana Spangler, 1981a:383 HAITI: ?-Spangler (1981a, 1996, Hernando et al. (2001), Perez-Gelabert (2008). ...
... Lemalelmis minyops Spangler, 1981 Lemalelmis minyops Spangler, 1981a:381 HAITI: ?-Spangler (1981a, 1996 Hinton (1946a), Brown (1984). ...
A bibliography of significant taxonomic papers on Elmidae (Coleoptera, Polyphaga, Byrrhoidea), and a checklist of valid species and subspecies and their geographic distributions are provided. Forty-seven genera and 430 valid species are included. Maps show the geographic distribution of the genera by country.
... Scale bar: 100 µm. brachypterous in Troglelmis) (JEANNEL 1950, SPANGLER 1981, 1996. ...
... Most of them have also been found in company of stygobiontic Crustacea, mainly Amphipoda and Cirolanidae (as is also the case of L. stygius sp.nov.) (JEANNEL 1950, SPANGLER 1981, 1996. The invasion of the subterranean waters by L. stygius sp.nov. is thus not likely to be exceedingly old, based both on its relatively unmodified morphology and its clear relationships within an otherwise completely "surface" genus. ...
... In fact, in their description it is suggested that they are derived from an Haitian species of Cylloepus (SPANGLER 1981), which would make this genus paraphyletic. Neoelmis sketi is part of a genus with otherwise surface species, and Trogelmis has also clear relationships with Protelmis (JEANNEL 1950), although it this case the diagnostic characters do not exclusively include likely adaptations to the subterranean environment (as is the case of Anommatelmis and Lemalelmis, see SPANGLER 1981SPANGLER , 1996. ...
RIBERA, I. 2001. Limnius stygius sp.nov., the first stygobiontic riffle beetle from the Palearctic Region (Coleoptera: Elmidae). Entomol. Probl. 32 (1): 00 – 00. – The first Palearctic stygobiontic species of Elmidae, Limnius stygius sp.nov., is described from a karstic river in SW Morocco. It has the typical morphology of other subterranean elmids: it is weakly pigmented, microphthalmic, brachypterous, with an extended plastron, and has a flattened and slender body. A single male was found in an upwelling zone in an intermittent river, which originates in the nearby cave of Win-Timdouine.
... Until recently, stygobiontic (aquatic subterranean or groundwater adapted) diving beetles (Dytiscidae) were documented only from widely separated geographic areas. Species were sporadically known from New Zealand (Ordish 1976(Ordish , 1991, Spain (Castro and Delgado 2001), France (Abeille de Perrin 1904), China (Spangler 1996), Thailand (Spangler 1996), Mexico (Franciscolo 1979), Venezuela (Sanfilippo 1958), west Africa (Peschet 1932), and Japan (Uéno 1996;Wewalka et al. 2007), in addition to a few species in North America (Young and Longley 1976;Larson and Labonte 1994;Spangler and Barr 1995). With the exception of Morimotoa Uéno, 1957 (3 species), Phreatodessus Ordish, 1976 (2 species) and Siettitia Abeille de Perrin, 1904 (2 species), most of the 13 genera in which these species were placed are monotypic. ...
... Until recently, stygobiontic (aquatic subterranean or groundwater adapted) diving beetles (Dytiscidae) were documented only from widely separated geographic areas. Species were sporadically known from New Zealand (Ordish 1976(Ordish , 1991, Spain (Castro and Delgado 2001), France (Abeille de Perrin 1904), China (Spangler 1996), Thailand (Spangler 1996), Mexico (Franciscolo 1979), Venezuela (Sanfilippo 1958), west Africa (Peschet 1932), and Japan (Uéno 1996;Wewalka et al. 2007), in addition to a few species in North America (Young and Longley 1976;Larson and Labonte 1994;Spangler and Barr 1995). With the exception of Morimotoa Uéno, 1957 (3 species), Phreatodessus Ordish, 1976 (2 species) and Siettitia Abeille de Perrin, 1904 (2 species), most of the 13 genera in which these species were placed are monotypic. ...
... As pointed out by Franciscolo (1983) and reviewed by Spangler (1996), Larson and Labonte (1994), and Watts and Humphreys (1999), subterranean Hydradephaga possess a suite of presumably convergent character states, some of which are typical of subterranean arthropods including: 1) microphthalmy or anophthalmy; 2) depigmentation; 3) desclerotization of the exoskeleton; 4) wings absent; 5) general ''frailty.'' Many (though not all) subterranean diving beetles also possess characteristics particularly unique within Dytiscidae, including: 1) the natatory setae on the legs reduced and correlated with a presumably reduced swimming ability; 2) a medially constricted pronotum (e.g., Fig. 1); 3) the prosternal process short, not extending between the mesocoxae to the anterior margin of the mesosternum (Fig. 2). ...
Ereboporus naturaconservatus Miller, Gibson and Alarie, new genus and new species (Coleoptera: Dytiscidae) is described from specimens collected from Caroline Springs, Independence Creek, Terrel County, Texas, U.S.A. Specimens were collected using drift nets placed at the head of the spring, suggesting the species is subterranean and occurs in nearby areas of the Edwards-Trinity Aquifer. In addition, the new taxon is characteristic of subterranean diving beetles in having adults depigmented, relatively soft, and lacking metathoracic wings and compound eyes. In addition, the taxon is diagnosed among all adult Dytiscidae in having: 1) the head extremely large relative to the rest of the body, 2) the pronotum short and cordate; 3) the prosternal process small, short and not extending to the mesosternum; 4) the elytra fused along the suture; 5) the elytron and elytral epipleuron extending ventromedially, concealing large lateral portions of the abdominal sterna; 6) the female internal genitalia with a large, elongate, ring-shaped structure on the bursa. The species is placed in the tribe Hydroporini (Hydroporinae) based on the character states: 1) pro- and mesotarsi pseudotetramerous; 2) male genitalia bilaterally symmetrical; 3) scutellum not visible with the elytra closed; 4) prosternum in lateral aspect declivous; 5) metatarsal claws the same length; 6) apices of elytra evenly rounded; 7) metepisternum extending to mesocoxal cavity externally; 8) male lateral lobe with one segment; 9) metacoxal process with well-developed lobes; 10) anterior margin of metafemur distinctly separated from the lobes of the metacoxal process. Three additional subterranean species are known from North America, Comaldessus stygius Spangler and Barr, 1995, Stygoporus oregonensis Larson and Labonte, 1994, and Haideoporus texanus Young and Longley, 1976. Each of these species is figured and discussed.
... Expansion of antennomere 5: (0) absent: (1) present (less distinct in females) (Belkaceme, 1991; Spangler and Steiner, 2005). Expanded in most Noteridae (not in Pronoterus, Canthydrus, Hydrocanthus and Suphisellus; Belkaceme, 1991; Spangler, 1996). Slightly expanded inTable 1 Character state matrix Aspidytes (antennomeres 4–11, without smaller intermediary antennomeres [Fig. ...
... Therefore we coded this and the following two characters as 0 in the case of Agabus.Belkaceme, 1991; Spangler and Steiner, 2005). Expanded in males of all genera of Noteridae (Belkaceme, 1991; Spangler, 1996) and also slightly expanded in Aspidytes (Fig. 13; see Character 10) and Meru. 12. Expansion of antennomere 9 of males: (0) absent; (1) present (Belkaceme, 1991; Spangler and Steiner, 2005). ...
... 12. Expansion of antennomere 9 of males: (0) absent; (1) present (Belkaceme, 1991; Spangler and Steiner, 2005). Expanded in most males of Noteridae (not in Noterus, Siolius, Suphis; Belkaceme, 1991; Spangler, 1996) and slightly expanded in Aspidytes and Meru. 13. ...
A phylogenetic analysis of Adephaga is presented. It is based on 148 morphological characters of adults and larvae and focussed on a placement of the recently described Meruidae, and the genus-level phylogeny of the smaller aquatic families Gyrinidae, Haliplidae and Noteridae. We found a sister group relationship between Gyrinidae and the remaining adephagan families, as was found in previous studies using morphology. Haliplidae are either the sister group of Dytiscoidea or the sister group of a clade comprising Geadephaga and the dytiscoid families. Trachypachidae was placed as the sister group of the rhysodid-carabid clade or of Dytiscoidea. The monophyly of Dytiscoidea including Meru is well supported. Autapomorphies are the extensive metathoracic intercoxal septum, the origin of the metafurca from this structure, the loss of Mm. furcacoxalis anterior and posterior, and possibly the presence of an elongated subcubital setal binding patch. Meruidae was placed as sister group of the Noteridae. Synapomorphies are the absence of the transverse ridge of the metaventrite, the fusion of abdominal segments III and IV, the shape of the strongly asymmetric parameres, and the enlargement of antennomeres 5, 7 and 9. The Meru-noterid clade is the sister group of the remaining Dytiscoidea. The exact position of Aspidytes within this clade remains ambiguous: it is either the sister group of Amphizoidae or the sister group of a clade comprising this family and Hygrobiidae + Dytiscidae. The sister group relationship between Spanglerogyrinae and Gyrininae was strongly supported. The two included genera of Gyrinini form a clade, and Enhydrini are the sister group of a monophylum comprising the remaining Enhydrini and Orectochilini. A branching pattern (Peltodytes + (Brychius + Haliplus)) within Haliplidae was confirmed. Algophilus, Apteraliplus and the Haliplus-subgenus Liaphlus form a clade. The generic status of the two former taxa is unjustified. The Phreatodytinae are the sister group of Noterinae, and Notomicrus (+ Speonoterus), Hydrocoptus, and Pronoterus branch off successively within this subfamily. The search for the larvae of Meru and a combined analysis of morphological and molecular data should have high priority. Ó The Willi Hennig Society 2006.
... In the Japanese archipelago, groundwater has been reported to harbor diverse endemic water beetles (Uéno, 1957(Uéno, , 1996. Among these subterranean water beetles, Phreatodytes is a unique genus, which was assigned to the endemic family Phreatodytidae by Uéno (1957), but is usually treated as a member of the Noteridae, based on morphological information (Bertrand, 1972;Crowson, 1981;Spangler, 1996;Miller 2009). Because most stygobiontic water beetles recorded from various localities around the world belong to the Dytiscidae, the phylogenetic position of Phreatodytes attracts much attention. ...
... Because most stygobiontic water beetles recorded from various localities around the world belong to the Dytiscidae, the phylogenetic position of Phreatodytes attracts much attention. Another stygobiontic noterid genus has recently been reported from a pool in a cave in Sulawesi, Indonesia (Spangler, 1996), but the phylogenetic relationships of the stygobiontic genera within Hydradephaga are unclear (Balke et al., 2004). ...
... These results indicate that the familial status of Phreatodytidae is not valid. Another stygobiont genus of the Noteridae is Speonoterus, recorded from a pool in a cave in Sulawesi (Spangler, 1996). Speonoterus is classified as a member of the subfamily Notomicrinae by the synapomorphy of it having the partial fusion of the metacoxa and metaventrite (Miller, 2009). ...
Due to its tectonically uplifted, mountainous landscape and copious rainfall, the Japanese archipelago possesses plentiful, persistent groundwater in alluvial plains. However, Phreatodytes, an endemic water beetle genus found in groundwater, is now critically endangered due to the devastation of subterranean water ecosystems. Phreatodytes beetles were collected from driven wells near the Ooi River estuary in central Japan. The beetles were distinguished from all described species by their thoracic and genital morphologies, and described as a new species, Phreatodytes haibaraensis. The unique habitat of this species is the hyporheic zone of a gravelly riverbed in an estuary, and the habitat represents the eastern limit of the known distribution range of the genus. Molecular phylogenetic analysis based on mitochondrial and nuclear gene sequences revealed that Phreatodytes is a member of the Noteridae and forms a clade with Notomicrus. This suggests that the genus colonized the hyporheic zone from surface waters, and that it adapted to subterranean interstitial life by becoming minute and slender, by losing its eyes, pigmentation, as well as its ability to fly and swim, and by developing a permanent underwater life cycle, and erect hairlike setae on the thorax and elytra. In addition to the beetle, several stygobiontic species, including mollusks and fishes, were found in pumped groundwater. These results suggest that the gravelly riverbed of a rapid river estuary in Central Japan harbors biodiverse, locally differentiated hyporheic organisms comprising a unique subterranean interstitial ecosystem.
... The genus Siolius was erected by J. Balfour-Browne (1969) to include three Neotropical species. Finally, Spangler (1996) described the monobasic genus Speonoterus for one Oriental cave-living species. There are currently 14 genera recognised within the family Noteridae. ...
... DISTRIBUTION: (NT) Guyana.Genus SpeonoterusSpangler, 1996 OR (1 sp.) SpeonoterusSpangler, 1996:245; gender masculine; type species: Speonoterus bedosae Spangler, 1996:246 by original designation. bedosaeSpangler, 1996 OR Speonoterus bedosae Spangler, 1996; TL: Indonesia >Sulawesi >Malawa >Gua Mananga; Holotype in USNM. Speonoterus bedosae Spangler, 1996:246 (orig. ...
... Aquatic beetles with morphological adaptations for subterranean life have been described in five families worldwide: Dryopidae, Dytiscidae, Elmidae, Hydrophilidae, and Noteridae. Only one stygobiontic species each is known from the families Dryopidae, Hydrophilidae, and Noteridae (Spangler 1996;Spangler and Decu 1998). In their 1998 overview of the diverse group, Spangler and Decu provided a world checklist and map citing 31 species and 21 genera of stygobiontic beetles. ...
... Anommatelmis botsaneanui Spangler, 1981 Haiti well absent absent Lemalelmis fontana Spangler, 1981 Haiti karst spring reduced absent Lemalelmis minyops Spangler, 1981 Haiti karst spring reduced absent Limnius stygius Hernando, Aguilera, and Ribera, 2001 Morocco karst spring reduced reduced Neoelmis sketi Spangler, 1996 Ecuador cave reduced absent Sinelmis uenoi Satô and Kishimoto, 2001 China (Old Dominion University, Norfolk, VA) provided verifications and identifications of subterranean amphipods collected at the springs. ...
The adult and larva of Typhloelmis Barr, a new genus of eyeless, stygobiontic elmid from springs in west-central Texas, and the adults of three new species, Typhloelmis caroline Barr, Typhloelmis finegan Barr, and Typhloelmis sanfelipe Barr, are described, diagnosed, and illustrated. Taxonomic couplets are provided for the insertion of the new genus into existing adult elmid generic keys, and an adult key to the species of Typhloelmis is included. Stygobiontic elmids are reviewed, and the uniqueness of Typhloelmis is discussed. Typhloelmis is the first stygobiontic elmid genus reported from the Nearctic ecozone and is the seventh described worldwide. It is only the second elmid genus known to be anophthalmic (completely eyeless). The Edwards-Trinity Aquifer and the spring habitat in which the genus and species occur are described in detail, and potential threats are discussed.
... Descriptions of new genera and species of Dytiscidae and Noteridae from these regions started with Peschet (1932), followed by Sanfilippo (1958), Ordish (1976), Young and Longley (1976), 234 G. Mazza et al. Franciscolo (1979b), Ordish (1991), Larson and Labonte (1994), Spangler and Barr (1995), Spangler (1996), Miller et al. (2009), andJean et al. (2012). ...
... Abeille de Perrin 1904; Guignot 1925); sterna 2 and 3 fused or not (e.g. Uéno 1957;Larson & Labonte 1994;Spangler & Barr 1995;Spangler 1996). ...
Etruscodytes nethuns, new genus and species of subterranean water beetle, is described from Italy. This phreatic beetle was collected pumping water from a well in Tuscany (Central Italy). It is the third genus of stygobiontic dytiscid beetle from Europe and the first record of a stygobiontic water beetle in Italy. Etruscodytes belongs to the subfamily Hydroporinae as well as the related genus Siettitia Abeille de Perrin, 1904 from France. The new genus shares with Siettitia the lateral stria on the pronotum entire, but differs from it in very wide subsquare head, prosternal process in contact with the lobed anterior
projection of metasternum, absence of fusion of the sterna 2 and 3, elytra not completely fused and several other peculiar features.
... These beetles share a suite of characteristics which include: reduced or absent eyes, reduced pigmentation, and thin or soft exoskeleton (Smrz 1983;Larson and Labonte 1994). The world fauna of stygobiontic dytiscid beetles consists of only 22 species distributed in 15 genera (Abeille de Perrin 1904;Peschet 1932;Sanfilippo 1958;Ordish 1976;Young and Longley 1976;Franciscolo 1979;Larson and Labonte 1994;Spangler and Barr 1995;Spangler 1996;Uéno 1957Uéno , 1996Wewalka and Biström 1998;Watts and Humphreys 1999) all of which belong to the subfamily Hydroporinae. Of those 15 genera, 11 are monotypic. ...
... However, incorporation of Uvarus chappuisi (Peshet 1932), Trogloguignotus concii Sanfilippo (1958), Comaldessus stygius Spangler and Barr (1995), Glareadessus stocki Wewalka and Biström (1998), and more recently of Tjirtudessus eberhardi Watts and Humphreys (1999), Kintingka kurutjutu Watts and Humphreys (1999), Niridessus pulpa Watts and Humphreys (1999), N. windarraensis Watts and Humphreys (1999), and N. lapostaae Watts and Humphreys (1999) within the Bidessini seems likely as all those species share the presence of a segmented paramere, a feature restricted to members of that tribe (Biström 1988(Biström , 1996. Inclusion of Sinodytes hubbardi Spangler (1996) within the Bidessini is uncertain as this species description is based on a unique female holotype. ...
Description of structures of the mature larva of Glareadessus stocki Wewalka and Biström is presented including detailed chaetotaxal and porotaxal analyses. This stygobiontic bidessine species is characterized by slightly reduced size of stemmata, reduced pigmentation, and frontoclypeal denticles. Morphological comparisons are made with other known Bidessini larvae.
... Helophoridae, which has a wide distribution area, are represented with 200 species (approx.) in the world [38][39][40][41][42][43][44][45][46][47][48][49][50][51][52][53]. Hexapods of the Hydrophilidae family; these members have nutritional value for fish and waterfowl, found in lakes, small puddles, and shallow parts of fast-flowing water [45,[54][55][56][57]. Elmidae family has 1497 species in 147 genera worldwide. ...
Nanotechnology plays an important role opportunity in several industries, biotechnology, medicine, and environments by creating new opportunities. These roles may be developed for recyclability, to prevent environmental pollution and performance of countless products. For example, in terms of environmental protection, nanotechnology has every possible method. The most influential members of the environment are insects in terms of species numbers-varieties. For this reason, in terms of the sustainability of these areas, it is important to analyze insects in more detail, especially in freshwater. If these details are obtained, it can only be feasible with nano-scale research that current and evolving technology. The purpose of this review is to investigate to take lead in the formation of ideas that will enable the discovery of new features about correlations between aquatic insects and nanotechnology. It is expected that this review will enable us to explore the latest ecological data and will lead us to new methodological approaches on nano-scale for aquatic insects.
... En Venezuela, Sanfilippo (1958) describió la especie Trogloguignotus concii (Dytiscidae) y posteriormente en Texas, Spangler y Barr (1995) describieron un nuevo género y nueva especie de la misma familia (Comaldessus stygius), con ojos rudimentarios. Posteriormente, Spangler (1996) (Pérez, García y Lasso, 2019). Por tanto, es evidente la necesidad de realizar un número mayor de exploraciones en los diferentes ecosistemas cársticos del país para conocer un número aproximado a la realidad de los macroinvertebrados que habitan en cavernas. ...
Ensayos, resúmenes y artículos presentados durante el II Congreso Colombiano de Espeleología
... En Venezuela, Sanfilippo (1958) describió la especie Trogloguignotus concii (Dytiscidae) y posteriormente en Texas, Spangler y Barr (1995) describieron un nuevo género y nueva especie de la misma familia (Comaldessus stygius), con ojos rudimentarios. Posteriormente, Spangler (1996) (Pérez, García y Lasso, 2019). Por tanto, es evidente la necesidad de realizar un número mayor de exploraciones en los diferentes ecosistemas cársticos del país para conocer un número aproximado a la realidad de los macroinvertebrados que habitan en cavernas. ...
... Yet unclear is the relationship of Speonoterus to these other two genera. Morphological data suggest that it is sister to or nested within Notomicrus (Spangler 1996, Miller 2009, although this remains to be tested with molecular data. Within Notomicrus, Baca et al. (2017b) recovered reciprocally monophyletic Old and New World groups but with limited sampling. ...
Notomicrinae (Coleoptera: Noteridae) is a subfamily of minute and ecologically diverse aquatic beetles distributed across the Southeast Asia, Oceania, and the Americas. We investigate the evolution of Notomicrinae and construct the first species-level phylogeny within Noteridae using five nuclear and mitochondrial gene fragments. We focus on the genus Notomicrus Sharp (Coleoptera: Noteridae), sampling 13 of the 17 known Notomicrus species and an additional 11 putative undescribed species. We also include Phreatodytes haibaraensis Uéno (Coleoptera: Noteridae). Datasets are analyzed in Maximum Likelihood and Bayesian frameworks. With these, we 1) estimate divergence times among notomicrine taxa and reconstruct the biogeograph-ical history of the group, particularly testing the hypothesis of Gondwanan vicariance between Old World and New World Notomicrus; 2) additionally, we assess ecological plasticity within Notomicrinae in the context of the phylogeny; and 3) finally, we test the monophyly of tentative species groups within Notomicrus and place putative new taxa. We recover a monophyletic Notomicrinae, with Phreatodytes sister to Notomicrus. We estimate the crown age of Notomicrinae to be ca. 110 Mya. The crown age of Notomicrus is recovered as ca. 75 Mya, there diverging into reciprocally monophyletic Old and New World clades, suggesting Gondwanan vicariance. Our phylogenetic estimate indicates a strong degree of ecological plasticity within Notomicrinae, with habitat switching occurring in recently diverging taxa. Finally, we recover five main species groups in Notomicrus, one Old World, Four New World, with tentative affirmation of the placement of undescribed species.
... Despite the high proportion of subsurface freshwater on Earth, about 97% (Gibert et al. 1994), few insects have successfully invaded subterranean aquatic habitats (Howarth 2009). Consequently, there are only five families representing cave aquatic beetles in the world, Dytiscidae, Noteridae, Dryopidae, Elmidae, and Hydrophilidae (Spangler 1996). The most diverse and widespread in caves are the diving beetles (Dytiscidae), and the subterranean dytiscid (i.e., stygobiont) fauna includes hundreds of recently discovered species (Jean et al. 2012). ...
Beetles are a very diverse group of insects, both in terms of food habits and distribution across different habitats. Most of them live in the terrestrial environment, but many species are aquatic or semiaquatic. Although they are responsible for agricultural and public health damage, beetles are essential in several ecological processes and ecosystem services. The survey is one tool widely used to answer ecological and taxonomic questions involving beetles, and the choice of proper collecting methods is usually a difficult task. In this chapter, our objective is to provide information regarding the appropriate collecting methods for beetles relating to their habits and habitats. We structured the chapter grouping the methods according to beetle habitats (terrestrial, aquatic and semiaquatic, and subterranean), a specific topic for immatures, and mentioned collection methods for molecular studies. For each habitat, in which beetles live, we included active and passive collecting methods. We present 30 types of collecting methods that the collector can employ in beetle surveys. Furthermore, we provided information about the habit and habitat of 79 Coleoptera families. Therefore, we emphasize the importance of selecting the aims before sampling because each collecting method has advantages and disadvantages.
... Kanchanaburi: Thong Pha Phum: Lam Khlong Ngu National Park: Cha Lae Schistura jarutanini Kottelat, 1990 (Chordata, Actinopterygii, Siluriformes, Balitoridae) (Borowsky 1998 Hill, 1974 (Chordata, Mammalia, Chiroptera, Craseonycteridae) -type locality (Hill 1974) Tham Sao Hin 14.7669°N 098.9082°E altitude 330m. Kanchanaburi: Thong Pha Phum: Lam Khlong Ngu National Park: Ban Phu Toei Schistura jarutanini Kottelat, 1990 (Chordata, (Arthropoda, Diplopoda, Spirostreptida, Cambalopsidae) -type locality Troglopedetes calvus -type locality Pterocryptis buccata Ng et Kottelat, 1998 (Chordata, Actinopterygii, Siluriformes, Siluridae) (Ng and Kottelat 1998) Kawakatsu et Mitchell 1989 (Platyhelminthes, Turbellaria, Tricladida, Dugesiidae) -type locality (Kawakatsu and Mitchell 1989) Haplotaxis glandularis (Yamaguchi, 1953) (Annelida, Clitellata, Haplotaxida, Haplotaxidae) (Giani and Bouguenec 1988) Speocera (Speocera) deharvengi Deeleman-Reinhold, 1995 (Arthropoda, Arachnida, Araneae, Araneomorphae, Ochyroceratidae) -type locality Theosbaena cambodjiana Cals et Boutin, 1985 (Arthropoda, Crustacea, Malacostraca, Thermosbaenacea, Halosbaenidae) (Wagner 1994) Aequigidiella aquilifera (Arthropoda, Crustacea, Malacostraca, Amphipoda, Bogidiellidae) -type locality Stenasellus rigali , Asellota, Stenasellidae) -type locality (Magniez 2003) Siamoporus deharvengi Spangler, 1996 (Arthropoda, Insecta, Coleoptera, Dytiscidae) -type locality (Spangler 1996) Hipposideros larvatus (Horsfield, 1823) (Cai and Vidthayanon 2016) Thereuopoda longicornis (Fabricius, 1793) (Arthropoda, Chilopoda, Scutigeromorpha, Scutigeridae) (unpublished record) Neolissochilus subterraneus Vidthayanon et Kottelat, 2003 (Chordata, Actinopterygii, Cypriniformes, Cyprinidae) -type locality Schistura spiesi Vidthayanon et Kottelat, 2003 (Chordata, Actinopterygii, Cypriniformes, Balitoridae) -type locality Cyrtodactylus auribalteatus Sumontha, Panitvong et Deein, 2010 (Chordata, Reptilia, Squamata, Gekkonidae) -type locality (Sumontha et al. 2010) Tham Phu Pha Sawan 16.5466°N 100.6936°E altitude: 63m. Phitsanulok: Noen Maprang: Thung Salaeng Luang National Park: Wat Ban Mung ...
The 470 species of fauna that have been recorded from limestone caves in Thailand to 7 April 2018 are catalogued. Details of the caves, where a specific taxa has been recorded, are given and geographical errors in the original taxa descriptions are corrected. For the 209 new taxa, where the holotype was collected from a cave, the specimen collection data and repository are listed. A summary table of the fauna is also given.
... The specialized morphology of adults and larvae and their capacity to pupate underwater makes the Noteridae, along with the Torridincolidae Steffan (Myxophaga), the only strictly aquatic families of beetles presently known (Spangler 1982(Spangler , 1996Hilsenhoff 1992). Adults and larvae are found in shallow backwaters or low currents, commonly among the roots of aquatic plants or between emergent plants. ...
The family Noteridae Thomson, 1860 of the tropical region is poorly known. In the present work, the Noteridae from Miradores Lagoon in the municipality Emiliano Zapata, Veracruz, Mexico, are reported. The fauna consists of two subfamilies, four genera, and seven species. The subfamily Notomicrinae Zimmermann, 1919 with the species Notomicrus sharpi Balfour-Browne, 1939 and the genera and species Hydrocanthus marmoratus Sharp, 1882, Mesonoterus laevicollis Sharp, 1882, and Suphisellus levis Fall, 1909 are new state records for Veracruz. General habitat distribution showed all species were found in the swampy area, five species in edges, and only two species in holes. The only species found in all the three habitats were Suphisellus lineatus (Horn, 1871) and Suphisellus nigrinus (Aubé, 1838). An annotated list and illustrated key to the species of Noteridae present in Miradores Lagoon are provided.
... The terrestrial adephagans (families Carabidae, Trachypachidae), often referred to as 'Geadephaga', represent the majority of the diversity of Adephaga with ∼40 000 species (Ślipínski et al., 2011). Although less species-rich, the aquatic adephagan families, or 'Hydradephaga', have attracted interest in their aquatic adaptations; while generally common in ponds, streams and pools, these beetles can also be found in an array of specialized habitats, such as hygropetric seeps (Ribera et al., 2002b;Spangler & Steiner, 2005;Miller, 2009), underground caves (Spangler, 1996) and subterranean aquifers (Young & Longley, 1976;Larson & Labonte, 1994;Watts et al., 2007). A few members of the diving beetle family Dytiscidae have even shifted to terrestrial habitats (Toussaint et al., 2016a). ...
The beetle suborder Adephaga has been the subject of many phylogenetic reconstructions utilizing a variety of data sources and inference methods. However, no strong consensus has yet emerged on the relationships among major adephagan lineages. Ultraconserved elements (UCEs) have proved useful for inferring difficult or unresolved phylogenies at varying timescales in vertebrates, arachnids and Hymenoptera. Recently, a UCE bait set was developed for Coleoptera using polyphagan genomes and a member of the order Strepsiptera as an outgroup. Here, we examine the utility of UCEs for reconstructing the phylogeny of adephagan families, in the first in vitro application a UCE bait set in Coleoptera. Our final dataset included 305 UCE loci for 18 representatives of all adephagan families except Aspidytidae, and two polyphagan outgroups, with a total concatenated length of 83 547 bp. We inferred trees using maximum likelihood analyses of the concatenated UCE alignment and coalescent species tree methods (astral ii, ASTRID, svdquartets). Although the coalescent species tree methods had poor resolution and weak support, concatenated analyses produced well-resolved, highly supported trees. Hydradephaga was recovered as paraphyletic, with Gyrinidae sister to Geadephaga and all other adephagans. Haliplidae was recovered as sister to Dytiscoidea, with Hygrobiidae and Amphizoidae successive sisters to Dytiscidae. Finally, Noteridae was recovered as monophyletic and sister to Meruidae. Given the success of UCE data for resolving phylogenetic relationships within Adephaga, we suggest the potential for further resolution of relationships within Adephaga using UCEs with improved taxon sampling, and by developing Adephaga-specific probes.
... Phreatodytini (Uéno, 1957) Phreatodytes (Uéno, 1957) Notomicrini (Zimmermann, 1919) Notomicrus (Sharp, 1882) Speonoterus (Spangler, 1996) ⁄ Noterinae (Thomson, 1860) Noterini (Thomson, 1860) sensu n. = Eunoterinae (Belkaceme, 1991) = Neohydrocoptini (Zalat et al., 2000) syn. n. = Hydrocoptini auctorum nec. ...
The first molecular phylogenetic hypothesis for the aquatic beetle family Noteridae is inferred using DNA sequence data from five gene fragments (mitochondrial and nuclear): COI, H3, 16S, 18S, and 28S. Our analysis is the most comprehensive phylogenetic reconstruction of Noteridae to date, and includes 53 species representing all subfamilies, tribes and 16 of the 17 genera within the family. We examine the impact of data partitioning on phylogenetic inference by comparing two different algorithm-based partitioning strategies: one using predefined subsets of the dataset, and another recently introduced method which uses the k-means algorithm to iteratively divide the dataset into clusters of sites evolving at similar rates across sampled loci. We conducted both maximum likelihood and Bayesian inference analyses using these different partitioning schemes. Resulting trees are strongly incongruent with prior classifications of Noteridae. We recover variant tree topologies and support values among the implemented partitioning schemes. Bayes factors calculated with marginal likelihoods of Bayesian analyses support a priori partitioning over k-means and unpartitioned data strategies. Our study substantiates the importance of data partitioning in phylogenetic inference, and underscores the use of comparative analyses to determine optimal analytical strategies. Our analyses recover Noterini Thomson to be paraphyletic with respect to three other tribes. The genera Suphisellus Crotch and Hydrocanthus Say are also recovered as paraphyletic. Following the results of the preferred partitioning scheme, we here propose a revised classification of Noteridae, comprising two subfamilies, three tribes and 18 genera. The following taxonomic changes are made: Notomicrinae sensu n. (= Phreatodytinae syn. n.) is expanded to include the tribe Phreatodytini; Noterini sensu n. (= Neohydrocoptini syn. n., Pronoterini syn. n., Tonerini syn. n.) is expanded to include all genera of the Noterinae; The genus Suphisellus Crotch is expanded to include species of Pronoterus Sharp syn. n.; and the former subgenus Sternocanthus Guignot stat. rev. is resurrected from synonymy and elevated to genus rank.
... Outside Australia, stygobitic dytiscid diversity appears to be poor, and few genera have been recorded within each continent (Spangler 1986 ;Ordish 1976Ordish , 1991, and Thailand ( Siamoporus deharuengi ;Spangler 1996 ). In North America, four stygobiontic species, belonging to four genera, have been recorded: Comaldessus stygius , from Coal Springs, Texas (Spangler and Barr 1995 ); Stygoporus oregonensis , from a shallow well in Oregon (Larson and Labonte 1994 ), Haideoporus texanus , within the San Marcos pools, Texas (Young and Longley 1976 ), and Ereboporus naturaconservatus , from Caroline Springs, Texas (Miller et al. 2009 ). ...
Predaceous diving beetles (Dytiscidae) are a highly speciose group of insects occurring in a large variety of habitat types, where they typically form multispecies assemblages, due to their high diversity and large variation in the degree of habitat specificity. This chapter provides an overview of the characteristics of the main habitats where dytiscid species occur and summarizes the findings of previous studies aimed at characterizing the contribution of various abiotic habitat conditions in determining patterns of dytiscid species distribution, including water flow, permanency, salinity, acidity, temperature, and habitat size. Emphasis is given to the description of various lentic and lotic habitats, and springs, along gradients of habitat permanency. Given increasing evidence of the importance of biotic interactions in determining the realized niche of many dytiscid species, this review describes briefly the role of predation, food sources, and inter- and intraspecific competition as major habitat selection factors for certain dytiscid species. The significance of the structure of the vegetation as a major habitat factor determining patterns in dytiscid species distribution is discussed and new insights on plant-dytiscid relationships are provided. Some of the issues associated with developing simple habitat classifications for dytiscid species are discussed. The main characteristics of some unique habitats where dytiscids form unique assemblages, such as groundwater and interstitial habitats, rock pools, hygropetric habitats, and phytotelmata are described.
... However, a few species occur in more unusual habitats. Six subterranean species, referred to as stygobiontic elmids, have now been found; three species from wells in Haiti (Spangler, 1981), and one species each from Congo (Jeannel, 1950), Ecuador (Spangler, 1996), and Morocco (Hernando et al., 2001). All these species are poorly pigmented with an extended plastron and reduced or absent eyes. ...
Riffle beetles in the family Elmidae are frequent members of the invertebrate community of running water. Over 80 species have been recorded in North America and 46 in Europe; this number decreases in the western and northern fringes of Europe with only 12 species in Britain, many rare, four in Ireland and three in Norway. The present review describes their habitat, food and predators, their life cycles, their dispersal, and human threats to their survival. All elmid species have aquatic larvae with five to eight instars, depending on the genus. Adults of a few species are terrestrial, but most are aquatic with plastron respiration. Most elmid species occur in well-aerated streams and rivers, but some also occur on wave-washed lake shores. A few species live in more unusual habitats, such as thermal pools and hot springs, subterranean habitats, and decaying wood. Little is known about the food of adults or larvae, but they appear to be collector-gatherers and scrapers that feed chiefly on algae and detritus. Adults and larvae are rarely taken by invertebrate predators, but are eaten by fish, especially salmonids. However, their proportion in the diet is always lower than that in the benthos, indicating low availability to the fish. To obtain a quantitative description of the life cycle, information is required on the number of larvae in each instar, the timing of oviposition, the number of eggs laid, the timing of pupation, and the number of adults. Few studies meet these criteria. However, three excellent studies from North America and a detailed study of the four commonest British species illustrate the variation in the life cycles of different species. Life tables, identifying critical periods for survival, are provided for the British species, these being the only such tables currently available for riffle beetles. The ability to disperse by flight varies among species and among individuals of the same species. Adults and larvae disperse downstream in the invertebrate drift, especially at night. In one study, drift densities of different life stages were related positively to their monthly losses in the benthos, but not to their benthic densities. Less information is available on their upstream-downstream movements on the substratum. There are ontogenetic shifts in diel drift periodicity and dispersal, and both relate to seasonal changes in drift density and critical periods for survival in the life cycle. Human threats to the survival of elmids include reduced oxygen concentrations, elevation of water temperature, extremes of flow, especially spates, and pollution, especially by soaps and detergents. Therefore, riffle beetles provide excellent indicators of water quality and perhaps also climate change.
... 7, Beutel & Roughley, 1987): (0) not fused with metaventrite laterally (Figs 2, 4B–G), (1) fused with metaventrite laterally, suture obscured (Fig. 4A ). Members of Notomicrus and Speonoterus have the metacoxa fused with the metaventrite laterally (Spangler, 1996). The suture is evident medially. ...
A phylogenetic analysis of Noteridae Thomson, 1860 is presented based on 33 adult morphological characters with focus on placement of a new genus and species from Venezuela, Tonerus wheeleri, gen. nov, sp. nov. Characters are derived from many used previously in Noteridae systematics with many new characters, especially from a survey of the female genitalia. Exemplars from all noterid genera were included except Phreatodytes Uéno, 1957 and Synchortus Sharp, 1882 with outgroups from Paelobiidae, Amphizoidae and Dytiscidae. Relationships among the genera were found to be (Notomicrus Sharp + Speonoterus Spangler) + (Tonerus + (Neohydrocoptus Sâto + (Pronoterus Sharp + (Mesonoterus Sharp + (Noterus Clairville + (Renotus Guignot + (Siolius Balfour-Browne + (Suphis Aubé + (Canthydrus [Liocanthydrus] Guignot + Suphisellus Crotch)) + (Canthydrus Sharp sensu stricto + Hydrocanthus Say))))))))). Tonerus occupies a phylogenetic position that requires a new tribe, Tonerini tr. nov. characterised by the following character states: (1) the metacoxa and metafurca are fused laterally forming a complete ring, (2) the noterid platform extends anteriorly onto the metaventrite, (3) the female laterotergites are short and anteriorly not broadly expanded and posteriorly extending well beyond the gonocoxae bases, (4) the gonocoxae are apically rounded, (5) the protarsus is attached at the apex of the protibia, (6) there is a distinct dorsoapical protibial angle, and (7) there are several stout, straight spines at the apex of the protarsus. Three subfamilies of Noteridae are recognised: (1) Phreatodytinae Uéno, including only Phreatodytes; (2) Notomicrinae Zimmermann, including Notomicrus and Speonoterus, and (3) Noterinae, including all other genera. Phreatodytinae and Notomicrinae each include a single tribe. Noterinae includes the tribes Tonerini (Tonerus), Neohydrocoptini Zalat, Saleh, Angus and Kaschef (Neohydrocoptus), Pronoterini Nilsson (Pronoterus) and Noterini (all other genera of Noterinae). Canthydrus is polyphyletic with the subgenus Liocanthydrus sister to Suphisellus and Canthydrus s. str. sister to Hydrocanthus, so Liocanthydrus is elevated from subgenus to genus rank (new status). Characters historically used to define Hydrocanthus (Sternocanthus) Guignot were determined to be unreliable, and Sternocanthus is placed in synonymy with Hydrocanthus (new synonym). The resulting phylogeny is compared with published hypotheses, and the evolution of characters is discussed.
... Setae that line the prosternal margin in the haliplids examined appear to be of the simple, tapered form. The hidden scutellum is a feature common to all known Haliplidae and Noteridae except Phreatodytes (Beutel, 1997), Speonoterus Spangler (1996), and Notomicrus species (Spangler, 1996); the latter have an exposed, but very small, scutellum, but according to Beutel (1997), concealed. Several unrelated tribes of smaller-sized Dytiscidae also have the scutellum concealed; the character may have arisen independently in some cases and may be another feature of convergence, related to the reduction in body size. ...
An unknown beetle collected in the Territorio Federal Amazonas, Venezuela, and designated as belonging to a new family, is described (as Meru phyllisaegen.n., sp.n.) and illustrated by line drawings and scanning electron micrographs. The new family, Meruidae, is diagnosed and assigned to the suborder Adephaga with a discussion of some characters and likely phylogenetic affinities. With a body length of 0.85–0.9 mm, M. phyllisae is the smallest known member of aquatic Adephaga. Based on the observed skeletal and behavioural characters to date, the taxon appears to represent the sister clade to the remaining families of Dytiscoidea, but also has features suggesting a close relationship among Noteridae and/or Haliplidae. A description and photographs of the habitat are included, with a list of other associated water beetle taxa. Some observations on the behaviour of captive beetles are given. The minute ‘comb-clawed cascade beetles’ are known only from the type locality, El Tobogán, where streams flow among exposed areas of bedrock in the geologically ancient Guyana Shield region.
Predaceous diving beetles (Dytiscidae) are a highly speciose group of insects occurring in a large variety of habitat types, where they often form multispecies assemblages, due to their high diversity and large variation in the degree of habitat specificity. While most species have broad habitat preferences, some are specialized for life under extreme habitat conditions. In this chapter, we provide an overview of the main habitats in which dytiscids occur and summarize some of the habitat variables that contribute most to shaping the distribution of dytiscids across habitats and landscapes. These include a range of abiotic conditions and plant–beetle relationships, which act as major habitat selection factors. We discuss how a variety of habitats in agricultural and urban landscapes can contribute to maintain high dytiscid diversity. We then describe some of the most peculiar habitats where dytiscids occur, including phytotelmata, subterranean and interstitial habitats, rock pools, and terrestrial habitats. Over the past couple of decades, examination of habitats that had been typically underexplored for dytiscids has led to the discovery of new species and even new genera. These studies suggest that further exploration of these habitats and the increasing availability of phylogenetic data will provide important insights into the ecology and evolutionary history of species colonizing extreme habitats. This is in turn critical to improve our understanding of the vulnerability of dytiscids to global environmental changes associated with changes in habitat characteristics and availability.
The phylogenetics and higher (family-group) classification of extant members of the beetle family Dytiscidae (Coleoptera), or predaceous diving beetles, is reviewed and reassessed. A phylogenetic analysis of the family is presented based on 168 species of diving beetles and 9 outgroup taxa from Gyrinidae, Noteridae, Amphizoidae, and Paelobiidae. All currently recognized dytiscid subfamilies and tribes are represented, most by multiple genera and species. Data include 104 morphological characters and approximately 6700 aligned bases from 9 DNA sequence fragments from cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and II (COII), histone III (H3), 16S rRNA (16S), 12S rRNA (12S), arginine kinase (argkin), RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II), elongation factor 1 alpha (Ef1α), and wingless (wnt). Parsimony and Bayesian analyses were conducted. The topology of the parsimony tree (consensus of 13 equally-parsimonious solutions) exhibits numerous anomalies inconsistent with convincing morphological features and the Bayesian results and has, generally, relatively poor bootstrap support for major clades. The Bayesian topology is more consistent with major morphological features and has strong support for most clades, and conclusions are based primarily on this estimate. Major higher-level phylogenetic relationships with strong support include: (1) monophyly of Dytiscidae Leach, (2) Matinae Branden sister to the rest of Dytiscidae, (3) Agabinae Thomson + Colymbetinae Erichson, (4) Hydrodytinae Miller + Hydroporinae Aubé, (5) Dytiscinae Leach + Laccophilinae Gistel + Cybistrini Sharp + Copelatinae Branden, (6) monophyly of the subfamilies Matinae, Colymbetinae, Copelatinae, Coptotominae Branden, Lancetinae Branden, Laccophilinae (including Agabetes Crotch), Agabinae (support weaker than in other subfamilies) and Hydroporinae (monophyly of Hydrodytinae not tested), (7) paraphyly of Dytiscinae with Cybistrini sister to Laccophilinae (with strong support) and this clade sister to other Dytiscinae, and (8) monophyly of both Agabini (Agabus-group of genera) and Hydrotrupini Roughley (Hydrotrupes Sharp and the Platynectes-group of genera). Major conclusions regarding tribes within Hydroporinae include: (1) monophyly of the tribes Vatellini Sharp, Methlini Branden, Hydrovatini Sharp, Hygrotini Portevin, Hyphydrini Gistel (without Pachydrus Sharp) and Bidessini Sharp (including Peschetius Guignot, Hydrodessus J. Balfour-Browne and Amarodytes Régimbart) (monophyly of Laccornini Wolfe and Roughley and Pachydrini Biström, Nilsson and Wewalka not tested), (2) Pachydrini is a problematic, long-branched taxa resolved here as sister to Hydrovatini but with weak support, (3) Hydroporini monophyletic except for Laccornellus Roughley and Wolfe and Canthyporus Zimmermann, (4) Laccornellus and Canthyporus together monophyletic and sister to Hydroporinae except Laccornini. Four groups are resolved within Hydroporini exclusive of Laccornellus + Canthyporus corresponding to the Deronectes-, the Graptodytes-, the Necterosoma- and the Hydroporus-groups of genera. The classification of Dytiscidae is revised with the following taxonomic changes [2014]: (1) Hydrotrupini is recognized as a tribe of Agabinae including the genus Hydrotrupes and the Platynectes-group of genera, (2) the genus Rugosus García is moved from Colymbetinae to Copelatinae, (3) Cybistrini is elevated from tribe rank within Dytiscinae to subfamily of Dytiscidae, (4) Hyderodini Miller is placed as a junior synonym of Dytiscini, (5) Laccornellus and Canthyporus are removed from Hydroporini and placed in their own tribe, Laccornellini, (6) the following family-group names are resurrected from synonymy with Hydroporini and placed as subtribes within Hydroporini, Deronectina Galewski (for the Deronectes-group of genera), Siettitiina Smrž (for the Graptodytes-group of genera), Sternopriscina Branden (for the Necterosoma-group of genera), and Hydroporina (for the Hydroporus-group of genera), (7) Carabhydrini Watts is placed as a junior synonym of Sternopriscina, and (8) Hydrodessus, formerly incerta sedis with respect to tribe, is placed in Bidessini. Each subfamily, tribe and subtribe is diagnosed and its taxonomic history discussed.
The first stygobiontic diving beetle known from Laos, Laodytes lapiei n. gen., n. sp., is described from a cave located in the Vientiane province. Its morphological characters lead to its placement, among Hydroporinae, in Hydroporini. Inside these, the new species could not be assigned to an existing genus. As a result, a new genus has been defined without it being possible, at the present stage, to assign it to one of the currently recognized subtribes. Résumé.-Nouveaux genre et espèce de Coléoptère aquatique souterrain du Laos (Coleoptera, Dytiscidae, Hydroporinae, Hydroporini). Le premier Dytiscidae stygobie connu du Laos, Laodytes lapiei n. gen., n. sp., est décrit d'une grotte de la province de Vientiane. Ses caractères morphologiques conduisent à le placer, parmi les Hydroporinae, dans les Hydroporini. À l'intérieur de ceux-ci, la nouvelle espèce n'a pu trouver place dans aucun genre existant. En conséquence, un nouveau genre a été défini, sans qu'il soit possible, à ce stade, de le rattacher à l'une des sous-tribus actuellement reconnues.
Objetivos:
Registrar la biodiversidad de Elmidae en Colombia, en especial en las zonas poco conocidas de las llanuras orientales. Proporcionar información geográfica, taxonómica y visual diagnóstica para los taxones encontrados.
Metodología:
Se revisaron 37 especímenes del Museo de Entomología de la Universidad del Valle (MUSENUV) y la Colección Entomológica del Programa de Biología de la Universidad de Caldas (CEBUC). A cada individuo se le extrajo el material genital y se montó para su identificación a nivel de especie con las revisiones taxonómicas disponibles.
Resultados:
Se encontraron las especies catalogadas en la subfamilia Elminae: Gyrelmis brunnea Hinton, G. maculata Hinton, G. rufomarginata Hinton, G. thoracica basalis Hinton, Hintonelmis delevei Hinton, H. opis Hinton, H. perfecta (Grouvelle), H. sul Hinton, Holcelmis woodruffi Hinton, Stegoelmis stictoides Spangler y Epodelmis sp.
Conclusiones:
Se registran por primera vez para Colombia los géneros Gyrelmis, Hintonelmis, Holcelmis y Epodelmis, representados en 10 especies y una subespecie y se amplía la distribución de Stegoelmis andersoni Spangler para el departamento del Putumayo en La Amazonía colombiana.
Se registra por primera vez la presencia del hemíptero Stridulivelia cinctipes, en un hábitat cavernícola
de los Andes colombianos. Es el primer caso en que un miembro de este género se colecta en ambientes
hipógeos asociado a ríos subterráneos.
Notomicrus petrareptans sp. n. is described from an inselberg seepage in southwestern Suriname. This species is diagnosable by a combination of its weakly punctate elytra, respective shapes of the pro- and mesotarsal claws (males), and long and slender median lobe of the aedeagus. This is the first member of the subfamily Notomicrinae to be described from hygropetric seep habitats and only the second known seep-dwelling species of the family Noteridae. Diagnostic characters are illustrated and habitat images are provided.
Two new species of riffle beetles, Austrelmis patagonicus sp. nov. and Neoelmis argentinensis sp. nov. are described and illustrated from adults of both sexes. The mature larva of N. argentinensis is described and illustrated, and compared to other known larvae of Neoelmis. The distribution of the known species of Austrelmis and Neoelmis are synopsized and a checklist of the genera and species of Elmidae known from Argentina is given.
Material collected during a biodiversity expedition in some protected areas of Ecuador, located in the provinces of Cotopaxi, Pichincha and Napo, resulted in ten new species and three first records. The new taxa are: Cylloepus bartolozzii sp. nov., Cylloepus cesari sp. nov., Cylloepus fabianorum sp. nov., Cylloepus francescae sp. nov., Cylloepus mazzai sp. nov., Cylloepus terzanii sp. nov., Cylloepus whitmanae sp. nov., Macrelmis elicioi sp. nov., Pharceonus cianferonii sp. nov. and Stenhelmoides onorei sp. nov. The three records are: Cylloepus vicinus Hinton, 1940, Hexacylloepus nirgua Hinton, 1973, Phanocerus congener Grouvelle, 1898. Habitus photographs and illustrations of aedeagi for all the new taxa and other useful characters for some of them, a key to the graniger species-group of Macrelmis, and a checklist of the Ecuadorian species with their general and local distributions are hereby included.
The Comal Springs riffle beetle (Heterelmis comalensis) is an endangered species inhabiting springs of the Edwards Aquifer. It is known to exist only in Comal spring in Guadalupe and Comal Counties, Texas, and San Marcos spring in Caldwell and Hays counties, Texas. This species is threatened by decreased water quality and quantity. We tested the association of H. comalensis to spring openings and assessed preference for several habitat variables in an effort to describe the determinants of the narrow range of the species. To test the association of beetles with the spring outlets, we buried meter-long cotton strips over spring habitat as lures and, after 4 wk, collected adults and larvae from the strips. We found beetle abundance was highest within 20 cm of the spring outlet and decreased gradually with distance from the spring source. We tested preferences for the following variables: well water, flow, carbon dioxide (CO2), temperature, and light, using H. comalensis and Heterelmis vulnerata, a more-widespread species, as a comparison. Both species showed significant preferences for low flow, elevated CO2, temperatures ∼23°C, and darkness. They differed in that H. comalensis preferred well water while H. vulnerata did not. Based on our results, H. comalensis was found primarily in spring source habitat and preferred the water quality conditions found in these habitats.
The phylogenetics and higher (family-group) classification of extant members of the beetle family Dytiscidae (Coleoptera), or predaceous diving beetles, is reviewed and reassessed. A phylogenetic analysis of the family is presented based on 168 species of diving beetles and 9 outgroup taxa from Gyrinidae, Noteridae, Amphizoidae and Paelobiidae. All currently recognized dytiscid subfamilies and tribes are represented, most by multiple genera and species. Data include 104 morphological characters and approximately 6,700 aligned bases from 9 DNA sequence fragments from cytochrome c oxidase I (COI) and II (COII), histone III (H3), 16S rRNA (16S), 12S rRNA (12S), arginine kinase (argkin), RNA polymerase II (RNA pol II), elongation factor 1 alpha (Ef1α), and wingless (wnt). Parsimony and Bayesian analyses were conducted. The topology of the parsimony tree (consensus of 13 equally parsimonious solutions) exhibits numerous anomalies inconsistent with convincing morphological features and the Bayesian results and has, generally, relatively poor bootstrap support for major clades. The Bayesian topology is more consistent with major morphological features and has strong support for most clades, and conclusions are based primarily on this estimate. Major higher-level phylogenetic relationships with strong support include: (1) monophyly of Dytiscidae Leach, (2) Matinae Branden sister to the rest of Dytiscidae, (3) Agabinae Thomson + Colymbetinae Erichson, (4) Hydrodytinae Miller + Hydroporinae Aubé, (5) Dytiscinae Leach + Laccophilinae Gistel + Cybistrini Sharp + Copelatinae Branden, (6) monophyly of the subfamilies Matinae, Colymbetinae, Copelatinae, Coptotominae Branden, Lancetinae Branden, Laccophilinae (including Agabetes Crotch), Agabinae (support weaker than in other subfamilies) and Hydroporinae (monophyly of Hydrodytinae not tested), (7) paraphyly of Dytiscinae with Cybistrini sister to Laccophilinae (with strong support) and this clade sister to other Dytiscinae, and (8) monophyly of both Agabini (Agabus-group of genera) and Hydrotrupini Roughley (Hydrotrupes Sharp and the Platynectes-group of genera). Major conclusions regarding tribes within Hydroporinae include: (1) monophyly of the tribes Vatellini Sharp, Methlini Branden, Hydrovatini Sharp, Hygrotini Portevin, Hyphydrini Gistel (without Pachydrus Sharp) and Bidessini Sharp (including Peschetius Guignot, Hydrodessus J. Balfour-Browne and Amarodytes Régimbart) (monophyly of Laccornini Wolfe and Roughley and Pachydrini Biström, Nilsson and Wewalka not tested), (2) Pachydrini is a problematic, long-branched taxa resolved here as sister to Hydrovatini but with weak support, (3) Hydroporini monophyletic except for Laccornellus Roughley and Wolfe and Canthyporus Zimmermann, (4) Laccornellus and Canthyporus together monophyletic and sister to Hydroporinae except Laccornini. Four groups are resolved within Hydroporini exclusive of Laccornellus + Canthyporus corresponding to the Deronectes-, the Graptodytes-, the Necterosoma- and the Hydroporus-groups of genera. The classification of Dytiscidae is revised with the following taxonomic changes: (1) Hydrotrupini is recognized as a tribe of Agabinae including the genus Hydrotrupes and the Platynectes-group of genera (new status), (2) the genus Rugosus García is moved from Colymbetinae to Copelatinae (new placement), (3) Cybistrini is elevated from tribe rank within Dytiscinae to subfamily of Dytiscidae (new rank), (4) Hyderodini Miller is placed as a junior synonym of Dytiscini (new synonymy), (5) Laccornellus and Canthyporus are removed from Hydroporini and placed in their own tribe, Laccornellini (new tribe), (6) the following family group names are resurrected from synonymy with Hydroporini and placed as subtribes within Hydroporini, Deronectina Galewski (for the Deronectes-group of genera, new status), Siettitiina Smrž (for the Graptodytes-group of genera, new status), Sternopriscina Branden (for the Necterosoma-group of genera, new status), and Hydroporina (for the Hydroporus-group of genera, new status), (7) Carabhydrini Watts is placed as a junior synonym of Sternopriscina (new synonymy), and (8) Hydrodessus, formerly incerta sedis with respect to tribe, is placed in Bidessini (new placement). Each subfamily, tribe and subtribe is diagnosed and its taxonomic history discussed.
Haideoporus texanus recently was collected from the Edwards Aquifer at Comal Springs, New Braunfels, Texas. This is a significant new distributional record for this rare subterranean beetle formerly known only from an artesian well in San Marcos, Texas, suggesting the species may be more widely distributed in the Edwards Aquifer than previously thought.
This bibliography gives details of papers, books, pamphlets, newspaper reports and articles, webpages, magazine articles and unpublished reports on the caves, karst and limestones of Thailand. I wish to thank the following for their help in compiling this bibliography: Aaron Bauer (USA) for supplying a copy of one of his papers. Terry Bolger (Australia) for sending a copy of CSIRO papers. Dave Checkley (UK) for a copy of his unpublished report. Louis Deharveng (France) for copies of the APS expedition reports and Collembola papers. John Dunkley (Austalia) for a copy of an unpublished report and other help. Mark Faulkner (UK) for references from his library and numerous scanned articles. Terence Fitch (UK) for searching various academic databases. Philippe Jarlan (France) for copies of his expedition reports. Helen Jarvie (UK) for obtaining references from hydrological journals. Alice Latinne (Begium) for copies of her thesis and papers. Michael Laumanns (Germany) for a copy of his bibliography on Thai caves Georges Lenglet (Belgium) for copies of papers on reptiles Charles Lienhard (Switzerland) for copies of his papers on Psocoptera Ray Mansfield (UK) for references from his library. Donald McFarlane (USA) for coies of his papers on Thai bats Roy Paulson (UK) for copies of references in the national caving library. Olivier Pauwels (Belgium) for cave reptile references. Michel Perreau (France) for a copy of his paper Liz Price (Malaysia) for references published in Malaysia. Roger Schuster (Germany) for copies of references in Der Abseiler. Dean Smart (Thailand) for his extensive library on Thailand caves and karst. Helmut Steiner (Germany) for copies of numerous scientific papers. MacAllan Thompson (Thailand) for newspaper references Thierry Tournier (France) for copies of expedition reports Bibliographies consulted: Annotated Bibliography of Karst Publications Nos. 9 – 12 (2000 – 2003) published in Acta Carsologica Current Titles in Speleology Speleological Abstracts A Guide to Speleological Literature of the English Language 1794-1996 John Dunkley's bibliography in Caves of Thailand (1995) Dean Smart's bibliography on the now defunct website http://www.thaicaves.com The online archives of the BBC, Bangkok Post and The Nation. Although the coverage of caving and speleological references is good, that of the karst and limestones is less complete. The link to Thailand, let alone caves, is a bit tenuous for many of the references, particularly some of the biological papers e.g. locality data for monkeys or where Thai cave animals have been reassigned to new genera. Very few Thai language publications have been checked.
The Oriental Greenfinch Carduelis sinica (Linnaeus, 1766) is currently regarded as consisting of five to six subspecies (Dickinson 2003: 749; Clement 2010: 543–544; Clements et al. 2012; Gill & Donsker 2012; treated as Chloris sinica by the latter two authors). In 1923, Arnold Jacobi, then working at the Zoological Museum in Dresden, described the subspecies Chloris sinica tschiliensis, but it was recognized for just a few years before being synonymised by Howell et al. (1968: 236) under Carduelis s. sinica (Linnaeus, 1766). The description is based on twelve specimens (six males, five adult females, one juvenile female) obtained by Hugo Weigold during his participation in Walt(h)er Stötzner’s 1914–1916 Sichuan expedition (Jacobi 1923). Although most of the birds have ever since been present in different collections, the whereabouts of the type series remained unclear for several years (e.g., van den Elzen 2010). Thus, in the following I present a comprehensive overview of the identity and contemporary availability of the original specimens that Jacobi had at hand.
Suphisellus shorti sp. n. is described from "Los Llanos", Venezuela, which brings to six the number of species included in the Noteridae genus Suphisellus Crotch, 1873 recorded in this country. Specimens were collected in The Plains region in Venezuela (Apure and Guarico states) using either a light trap or a net. Description and illustration of the new species are provided along with a discussion of its systematic position. The new species can be distinguished from the other species of the genus by the following main characters: crease at posterolateral angle of pronotum weakly marked; numerous setae covering entire surface of prosternal process and medial part of prosternum; shape of male genitalia.
A new genus and a new species of subterranean water beetle are described as Iberoporus cermenius. This dytiscid beetle was collected by pumping out and filtering water from a well in southern Spain. Iberoporus belongs to the subfamily Hydroporinae and is possibly related to the genera Siettitia Abeille de Perrin, 1904 and Rhithrodytes Bameul, 1989. Notes on the biology of Iberoporus cermenius are given.
We report the discovery of a new species of Copelatus that is morphologically highly modified for life in groundwater. Copelatus abditus sp.n. was collected from a 4 m deep bore in central Australia. It was placed in Copelatinae based on morphological evidence. This is the first known stygobiont diving beetle that does not belong to the subfamily Hydroporinae. Sequences from the mitochondrial DNA cytochrome oxidase 1, 16S rRNA, tRNAL and NADH dehydrogenase subunit 1 genes suggest that the species belongs to the subgenus Papuadytes, the morphological apomorphies of which are reduced in the new groundwater species. Copelatus (Papuadytes) abditus very much resembles other world stygobiont dytiscids, which all belong to the subfamily Hydroporinae. We suggest that this striking convergence is due to similar selective pressures imposed on all groundwater beetles. We suggest a scenario in which species from temporary habitats evade drought by entering the hyporheic zone, and may be driven to a subterranean existence by desertification of their ancestral habitats, as can be observed in Australia.
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