(PDF) 361: Identification of differentially expressed proteins in chronic lymphocytic leukaemia using qualitative and quantitative proteomics

First published 2012

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the use of the information contained herein. Although every precaution has been taken in the

preparation of this book, the publisher and author assume no responsibility for errors or

omissions. Neither is any liability assumed for damages resulting from the use of the

information contained herein.

International Standard Book Number (ISBN):

Library of Congress Catalog Card Number:

Printed in the United Kingdom

First Printing: October 2012

All terms mentioned in this book that are known to be trademarks or service marks have been

appropriately capitalized. New Riders Publishing cannot attest to the accuracy of this

information. Use of a term in this book should not be regarded as affecting the validity of any

trademark or service mark.

Every effort has been made to make this book as complete and as accurate as possible, but no

warranty of fitness is implied. The information is provided on an ―as is‖ basis. The author and

the publisher shall have neither liability nor responsibility to any person or entity with respect

to any loss or damages arising from the information contained in this book or from the use of

the CD or programs accompanying it.

Author

Saudi Students Clubs in the UK and Ireland

Publisher

Saudi Scientific International Conference (SIC)

ISBN-10: 0956904505

ISBN-13: 978-0956904508

pg. 3

pg. 4

CUSTODIAN OF THE TWO HOLY MOSQUES - KING ABDULLAH BIN ABDULAZIZ AL SAUD

VICE-CUSTODIAN OF THE TWO HOLY MOSQUES -THE CROWN PRINCE SALMAN BIN

ABDULAZIZ AL SAUD

pg. 5

HRH Prince Mohammed bin Nawaf - Saudi Ambassador to the United Kingdom

Dr. Khalid Al-Ankary - Minister of Higher Education in Saudi Arabia

Dr Faisal Almohana Abalkhail - Saudi Arabian Cultural Attaché

pg. 6

INTRUDACTION

King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals (KFUPM) is delighted and honored to

be the sponsor of the 6th Saudi International Conference at Brunel University. I

extend my warmest welcome to the hundreds of Saudi students attending this

prestigious event. The students represent various academic specializations, and the

Conference offers them a unique and valuable opportunity for professional growth.

The Conference has successfully become a springboard forum for recognizing and

building upon the scientific, social, business and technological achievements of Saudi

students. The subject matters in the papers and poster sessions reflect the diversity

of the student authors, and reflect that this conference is modeled after professional

academic conferences.

I would like to share with the Conference that this year we are celebrating the golden

jubilee of the establishment of KFUPM in 1963. KFUPM is a prominent University in

the Middle East with international repute providing access to higher education that

embraces academics, research and community service. Our excellence in science,

engineering and business programs has always been associated with strong

contributions to society and industry. These programs are accredited by international

boards such as ABET and AACSB. Research has always been a critical part of KFUPM

mission. The University is known for its leadership in industrially sponsored research

in addition to academic research. Community service is a key part of the University’s

outreach. Based on its academic and research achievements, KFUPM received good

ranking by ARWU as one of the best 200 universities around the world in

Engineering, Technology and Computer Sciences. Also, the University ranked 55th

among universities in the world for 2011 in the number of issued patents at the U.S.

Patent Office. While we are proud of our past and the many accomplishments in the

areas of academic performance, research achievements, and community

involvement over the last 50 years, we are also focused on our future.

The continuing support of the Custodian of the Two Holy Mosques and H.R.H. the

Crown Prince is gratefully acknowledged. We also thank H.R.H. Prince Mohammad

bin Nawaf bin Abdulaziz, the Saudi Ambassador to the UK and Ireland, and to H.E. Dr.

Khalid M. Al-Ankari, Minister of Higher Education, for their continuous

encouragement and valuable advice.

Finally, I would like to thank all of the members of Conference committees, the

speakers and other participants for their excellent contributions.

Khaled Saleh Al-Sultan

Rector, King Fahd University of Petroleum & Minerals

Dhahran, Saudi Arabia

pg. 7

President of the Saudi Students' Clubs in the UK & Ireland

Vice-President of the Saudi Students' Clubs in the UK & Ireland

Vice-President For women Affairs

Director of Financial Affairs

Director of Educational Centers

Director of Activities

pg. 8

SIC-2012 International Peer Review Committee“with special thanks and appreciation”

NAME

SPECIALITY

UNIVERSITY

Dr Aiman El-Maleh

ICT

KFUPM

Dr Sayed-Ahmed Said

MECH/ENG

KFUPM

Dr Lahouari Ghouti

ENG/ARC

KFUPM

Dr Ammar Kurdi

ACCOUNT

KFUPM

Dr Robert Opoku

MARKETTING

KFUPM

Prof Nouar A Tabet

PHYS/ENG

KFUPM

Dr Mohamed Deriche

ELE/ ENG

KFUPM

Dr Mohammed Alshayeb

ENG/ARC

KFUPM

Dr Saleh Duffuaa

COM/ ENG

KFUPM

Prof. Ibrahim ELAMIN

ELE/ ENG

KFUPM

Dr Sabria Salama Jawhar

Linguistics

King Saud bin Abdulaziz University for Health Sciences

Dr Hamza Gulman

MECH/ENG

SA/MAKKAH

Dr Abdullah Alaraj

ICS

Qassim University ,SA/ALQASEEM

Dr Abdulrazaq Aljazairi

PHARM

King Faisal Specialist Hospital & Research Center

Dr Hemad Yasaei

BILOGY

Brunel University

Prof Michael Wright

SOCIAL SCI

Brunel University

Dr Cherry Kilbride

HEALTH/RES

Brunel University

Dr Gareth Dale

Politics

Brunel University

Dr John Hunter

Social Sciences

Brunel University

Dr Tilal Eldabi

ICS

Brunel University

Dr Jurgita Malinauskaite

Law

Brunel University

Dr Marvin Schiller

Social Sciences

Brunel University

Dr Atul Mishra

Business

Business School, Plymouth University

Dr Ahmed Meliebary

Linguistics

The University of Nottingham

Dr Ahmed El-Masry

ACC /Finance

Business School, Plymouth University

Dr Reem Omar El-Gendi

MEDICI

Leeds Dental Institute, Leeds University

Dr Salman M. Al-Saad

Humanities

School of Oriental and African Studies SOAS

Dr Ibrahim Elbeltagi

Business

Business School, Plymouth University

Dr Abdulbari Altamni

Law

LAW, University of London, SOAS

Dr Gamal A El-Hiti

CHEMISTRY

Cardiff University, School of Chemistry

Dr Belal Ismail Ibrahim

MEDICINE

Rotherham District Hospital, UK/LEEDS

DR Abdallah Namoun

ICT

Business School University of Manchester

MR Salim Aissat

Acca/Finance

The Open University

Dr Amira Shaheen

Social Sciences

An Najah University

Prof. Adel Sharif

Chemical Eng.

Universty of Surrey

Prof. Daniel C. Neagu

Computing

University of Bradford

Dr Abdulhadi Eidaroos

Usability,e.gov

University of Umm Al-Qura

pg. 9

The 6th Saudi Scientific International Conference Committees

Organizing committee

Bader Al Saud

Chair

Executive committee

Fawaz Al Hakami

Head

Zaid Al Tuirgi

Assistant

Mohammed Abutaleb

Assistant

Women Cultural Event committee

Dr. Hanan Sultan

Head

Areeb Al Owisheq

Assistant

Eiman Elgibreen

Assistant

Faten Filimban

Assistant

Wafa Alshangiti

Assistant

Aisha Assiri

Member

Maha Assiri

Member

Amira Alghamdi

Member

Abir Alateeg

Member

Reem Alsaban

Member

Latifa Althefare

Member

Miral Alghatani

Member

Rawa Almakky

Member

Ebtihal Alfarraj

Member

Nouf Alnassar

Member

Ahd Aljarf

Member

Hayathem Alhasher

Member

Scientific committee

Ibrahim Al-Masari

Head

Dr.Abdulhadi Al-Eidaroos

Papers officer

Dr.Abeer AL-Mouallad

Posters and Awards officer

Malak Abunar

Assistant

Eiman Sayedalamin Almami

Assistant

Ahmed Suhail Ajina

Assistant

Ali Ahmed Albayomi

Assistant

Saad Mohammad Dehlawi

Assistant

Talal A. Almaghrabi

Director of Scientific Associations

Dr.AbdallahAdlan

Head of Applied Sciences

GhadaAngawi

Head of Education and Linguistics

Assistant

Saleh Alghamdi

Head of Medical Sciences

Ibrahim Alotaibi

Head Of Business And Economics

Mohammed Abutaleb

Head of Health and Social Science

RagadAllwihan

Head of Information and Communication

Technology (Ict)

Abdullah Mattar

Head of Politics and Law

Saleh Bukhari

Head of Tourism, Aviation and

Transportation

Sultan Alotaibi

Head of Engineering and Architecture

Mohammed YousefShagroon

Representative

Eng. Fahd A. Banakhr

Representative

Mohammed Alnuwairan

Representative

Mona Alfedily

Representative

Ali Alreian

Representative

TurkiAbdulaati

Representative

ZyadAlzaydi

Representative

MishariAlshalhoub

Representative

Ibrahim Alghamdi

Representative

SamiaAlmehmadi

Representative

pg. 10

Abdullah Al Ashikh

Representative

Abdulrahman Albeladi

Representative

Faisal Alsuiadi

Representative

FatenAlzaidi

Representative

MahaHalabi

Representative

Dr. Taghreed Al-Saraj

Representative

Saud Alsalahi

Representative

Naif N. Alhazmi

Representative

Ali M. Dubai

Representative

Ali Albarrati

Representative

AfnanAlkathiri

Representative

Rafah A. Owais

Representative

Ali Albayomi

Representative

Mashael S. Alfaifi

Representative

Amal Hassanien

Representative

AhadAlJurf

Representative

MaramAlZaidi

Representative

Tahani Alrahbeni

Representative

Finance and Media committee

Razan Baker

Head

Nuha Alharbi

Assistant

Najat Al-Saied

Assistant

Training and Programmes committee

Saeed Al-Amoudy

Head

Bander Alousaimi

Assistant

AbdulAziz Alturki

Saudi exhibition

Saeed Al-Qarni

Saudi exhibition

Executive Secretariat committee

Mohammed Mokalbesh

Head

I.T. & Technical support committee

Abdulrahman Hariri

Head

Tarteel Justaniah

Assistant

Dana AlQudah

Assistant

Accommodation and Transportation committee

Mohammed Al-Qarni

Head

Khalid Algassim

Assistant

Emad Alrefai

Assistant

Ahmed Alzahrani

Member

Mohammed Alharbi

Member

Abdulrahman Alharbi

Member

Yahya Alshammari

Member

Ahmed Majrashi

Member

Fayez Almuhammadi

Member

Ali Alharbi

Member

Abdullah Alsakran

Member

Dhari Alharbi

Member

Hospitality and Facilities committee

Mohammed Alsaaq

Head

Hassan Alshahrani

Member

Rashed Alghamdi

Assistant

Feras Bakhash

Assistant

Ryan Aldaaffa

Member

Muhannad Alalwan

Member

Marketing and Protocol committee

Dhafer Alhalafi

Head

Mohammad Alhalafi

Assistant

Fahd Bakoban

Assistant

Registration and Reception committee

Mazin Al-Zaidi

Head

Ibrahim Alotaibi

Assistant

Maram Al-Zaidi

Assistant

Khalid Al-Ghamdi

Member

Bjad ALmoraibadh

Member

Abdullah Alnefie

Member

pg. 11

Yousef Alotaibi

Member

Meshaal Almalki

Member

Amjad Alfudail

Member

Abdulrahman Alsamiri

Member

Bander Alzaidi

Member

Ahd Aljarf

Member

Somyah Kahtani

Member

Faten Alzaidi

Member

Ejalal Jalal

Member

Olfat Mirza

Member

Ibtehal Alansari

Member

Haia Alzaidi

Member

pg. 12

Applied Sciences: Papers

pg. 13

Abstract no. 15: Design and Manufacturing of Remote Control for

Child Viewing Using Children’s Inspiration

Rafat Saleh Madani

The recruitment of children‘s imagination in the development of new

product design is an interesting source of new ideas in product development,

including products for children. Our study is related to the design and

manufacture of a prototype of a remote control that controls television viewing

content for children to protect them from inappropriate content, control viewing

time and keep them at a safe distance from the television screen. For security

this remote control is activated by a fingerprint recognition system. Research

was carried out to understand children and their television viewing habits, this

was instrumental in the development of design ideas. In particular the design

was influenced by input from parents and children and the relationship between

the functionality and the use of the remote control, producing a finger-shaped

design inspired by fingerprint recognition and the action of pointing at the

television. The project considered 4D elements such as interface design, mood

lighting and sounds and 3D representations using Solid Works were produced

showing various colour schemes. Prototype models were produced using SLA

(stereolithography) and FDM (fused deposit modelling) techniques allowing for

ergonomic testing and visualisation

pg. 14

Abstract no.24: An Evaluation of Thematic Analysis (TA): its Features,

Concepts, Processes and Validation. An inductive & detective approached

in interpretive research

Alhojailan, Mohammed Ibrahim

Supervisors:

Prof. Bernd Carsten Stahl

Mr. Ralph Birkenhead

The literature that pertains to thematic analysis (TA) shows that inconsistent

descriptions and ambiguous issues exist with respect to the concepts,

procedures, validations and interpretations that are used by researchers. This

paper aims to provide a critical overview of the main differences between three

types of qualitative data analysis i.e. grounded theory analysis, hermeneutics

analysis and thematic analysis. The analytical methodology used in this paper is

content analysis (Neuendorf 2012). Moreover, this paper will discuss TA in

terms of its utility, features, characteristics, including a description of the main

steps involved in content analysis [process] by following the model of Miles &

Huberman (1994) by discussing theme validation procedures.

It has been found that a thematic analysis approach is very suitable when

researchers seek to interpret different individuals‘ points of view. This

methodology is of primary benefit when inductive and deductive approaches are

adopted. Finally, researchers used TA to link diverse concepts and opinions

derived from data that is collected from different individuals.

KEYWORDS

Interpretivism, qualitative data analysis, thematic analysis, grounded theory

analysis, hermeneutics analysis, validation.

pg. 15

Abstract no. 41: Detection of Mycoplasma in Desert Surface Soils and a

Range of Environmental Samples Using the EZ-PCR test

Reda Amasha and Milton Wainwright

Department of Molecular Biology and Biotechnology, University of

Sheffield

The aim of this work described here was to determine if Mycoplasma

species can be isolated from various desert surface soils, rock samples and other

environmental samples. In this study, environmental samples were tested for the

presence of Mycoplasma using an EZ-PCR Mycoplasma Test Kit (Geneflow

Limited, Cat No.20-700-20). Mycoplasma sp. were isolated from a soil

associated with moss (Polytrichum commune) and from a local garden soil, but

not from any of the desert soils, volcanic ash, desert varnish, rock samples and

agricultural soils.

pg. 16

Abstract no.48: Life Cycle Assessment of Solid Waste Landfilling

Options with Regard To Greenhouse Gas Emissions for Makkah City,

Saudi Arabia

K. A. Alkhuzai, J. R. Barton

School of Civil Engineering, University of Leeds

Life cycle assessment methodology was applied in order to determine the

optimum landfilling system for solid waste management for Makkah, Saudi

Arabia. An environmentally friendly system of solid waste management is

highly recommended in Makkah, since the collected waste is dumped in an

unregulated site that has no liner, no gas collection and no leachate treatment

systems. Therefore, three different sanitary landfill scenarios were developed as

alternatives to the present case of open dumping: sanitary landfill without either

flaring or electricity production; gas capture with flaring only; and gas capture

with 70% electricity production and 30% flaring. EASEWASTE software was

used as an LCA tool to find out the minimum emissions of greenhouse gases

(GHG) based on input-output flow. The highest impact in terms of GHG

emissions was from using a landfill without either gas flaring or electricity

production, which is worse than the current situation. Landfill with 70%

electricity production from the collected gas was the best option. Scavenging

activities were assumed at 20% of the total waste generated. This model was

compared to a scenario in which no recyclables were scavenged, and

scavenging was thus shown to have positive impacts on all suggested scenarios.

In both scenarios, landfill with 70% energy production was the optimum

disposal system for Makkah.

pg. 17

Abstract no. 88: Numerical Analysis of Flow Structure inside a Single

Cylinder IC Engine

Saud binjuwair1, Salah Ibrahim1, Graham Wigley1 and Graham Pitcher2

1: Faculty of Engineering, Loughborough University

2: Advanced Concepts, Lotus Engineering, Norwich, UK

The in-cylinder flow of internal combustion (IC) engines, formed during the

intake stroke, is one of the most important factors that affect the quality of air-

fuel mixture and combustion. In this paper, a numerical study has been carried

out to examine the structure of the flow field inside a single cylinder engine

under steady state conditions utilizing the finite-volume CFD package, STAR

CCM+. The Reynolds Stress Turbulence Model, RSTM, is used to simulate the

turbulent flow structure .The three-dimensional numerical study has been

conducted on a single cylinder Lotus engine with a pent-roof type head for a

number of fixed valve lifts (2mm, 5mm, 8mm) at two pressure drops 250mm

and 635mm of H2O that is equivalent to engine speeds of 2500 and 4000RPM

respectively. The generated mesh is a polyhedral type that holds nearly 3.7

million grid points. The nature of the flow structure together with discussions

on the influence of the pressure drop and valve lift parameters on the flow

structures are presented and discussed. Calculated results for the mean and

fluctuating velocities are validated against previously published experimental

data (Picton, 2006) from Laser Doppler Anemometry (LDA) measurements on

the same engine cylinder.

pg. 18

Abstract no.97: Video Sequence Alignment with Spatio-temporal

Representation

Manal Alghamdi and Yoshihiko Gotoh

Department of Computer Science

University of Sheffield

Analysing video streams is a fundamental task in many applications. It

demands the extraction of different levels of feature that represent the events.

This paper investigates video searching and retrieval task and it centres around

the issues combined with this task. Some of these issues relate to finding a good

representation for the video content and to defining the similarity concept

between two representations.

The presented paper involves an outline of video sequence alignment

application and a space-time extension of the 2D Scale-Invariant Feature

Transform (SIFT), originally applied to the volumetric images in 2D. This

extension proved its ability to represent the space-time events in the video and

is well suited to classifying the human actions. An experiment was conducted

for the action recognition task using different datasets and, compared to the

other approaches, the presented approach among the state- of-the-art.

pg. 19

Abstract no.104: Concentration-Dependent Diffusion Coefficients of

tert-Butylferrocene within Dodecyltrimethylammonium Chloride/Brine

Liquid Crystals

Amal Ahmad Altalhi, Jay D Wadhawan

The title lyotropic liquid crystal is examined as a framework to investigate

long-range charge transfer, using tert-butylferrocene (tBuFc) as model

hydrophobic system. It is found that the apparent one-dimensional diffusion

coefficient depends on the tBuFc loading. It is suggested that an efficient relay

mechanism for electron transfer is through the partitioning of the oxidised form

between the two subphases, with inter-pseudophase reaction.

pg. 20

Abstract no.106: Wastewater as a Photoelectrochemical Fuel Source:

Light-to-Electrical Energy Conversion with Organochloride Remediation

Amal Ahmad Altalhi, Jay D Wadhawan

A photogalvanic cell that employs 2,4-dichlorophenol as a fuel source, an

N-substituted phenothiazine as light harvester, and sacrificial zinc anode is

presented, and shown to afford a ca. 4% light-to-electrical power conversion

efficiency in violet light.

pg. 21

Abstract no.144: Security of Data Transmission over A Multichannel

Wireless Network

Aliaa Mahfooz Alabdali*, Lilia Georgieva , Greg Michaelson

MACS, Heriot-Watt University, UK, Edinburgh, EH14 4AS

This paper proposes a modelling and verification approach for data

transmission over a multichannel wireless local area network (WLAN) instead

of the normal methodology which depends on data transmission over a single

channel wireless local area network (WLAN) that could not achieve security.

We develop a methodology to guarantee secure message exchange on a multi-

channel WLAN which uses a changeable array and indices, instead of the

message itself so that we can avoid both passive and active MitM attacks. The

system could provide security on data transition by testing its process using

simulation techniques. The model system depends on cryptography. The model

consists of three systems: (i) for the sender to analyse a message into an array

of letters and indices with encoding indices , (ii) for the server to decode indices

and re-encode indices using the receiver‘s private code, and (iii) for the receiver

to decode indices and match letters with indices to get the original message.

We assume that there is just one MitM between two hosts transmitting an email

message over two wireless channels.

pg. 22

Abstract no.202: Performance Comparison of OpenMP and MPI for

Concordance Benchmark

Malak Aljabri, Phil Trinder

Of the parallel programming models available OpenMP is the de facto

standard for shared memory and MPI the standard for distributed memory

systems. This paper presents a performance comparison of MPI and OpenMP

and their toolsets using a concordance benchmark. We present the development

of a sequential concordance benchmark. Initial MPI and OpenMP versions are

developed, resolving problems such as finding sequences across worker

boundaries and load balancing. The initial versions are profiled and

benchmarked on a multicore architecture using appropriate toolsets. Several

means to reduce overheads are investigated to develop tuned parallel versions of

the concordance benchmark.

A performance comparison of the OpenMP and MPI concordance

benchmarks on an 8 core architecture shows that OpenMP delivers better

performance than MPI, e.g. a speedup of 5.3 compared with 2.6 for MPI,

reflecting the lower communication costs. A programmability investigation

shows that the effort required to develop and tune the OpenMP version is less

than that required for MPI, as a direct benefit of the shared memory model.

pg. 23

Abstract no.232: Study of the Influence of Cellulose in the Formation of

Silver Nanoparticles

Nadiyah saad alahmadi, Stephen M. Kelly

Spherical silver nanostructures were synthesised in aqueous media over

cellulose paper, a porous and environmentally friendly porous support. Our aim

is to synthesise silver nanoparticles with controlled morphology and size and

use them in a water purification system. The general method of synthesis is

based on attaching Ag+ ions in the cellulose substrate then reducing these ions

with sodium borohydride a strong reducing agent. Different reaction conditions

were investigated, for example precursor‘s concentration and use of a

surfactant. The silver/cellulose nanocomposite was characterised quantitatively

and qualitatively with different analytical techniques. Silver nanoparticles

appear as face-centred cubic (fcc) crystals of pure metallic silver. The quantity

of silver nanoparticles is proportional to the concentration of silver ions in the

precursor‘s solution. Surfactant (in the form of dissolved cellulose) has a non-

negligible impact: our investigations show that the presence of a surfactant

enhances the amount of silver nanoparticles immobilised in the samples.

Moreover, it does not change the morphology of silver nanoparticles, even

though it helps keep these nanoparticles dispersed.

pg. 24

Abstract no.256: γ-ray spectroscopy of Si, CdTe and CZT detectors

using 59.5 keV 241Am source

A. Alruhaili1, P. J. Sellin, A. Lohstroh1, P. Veeramani1, S. Kazemi

Physics department, University of Surrey

CdTe and CZT detectors have wide band gap energies and high Z which

make them

Suitable choices for γ- ray spectroscopy. In comparison to Si detectors,

CdTe and CZT detectors are combining the advantages of high quantum

efficiency and reasonable energy resolution. The motivation of this work is to

investigate the performance characteristics of CdTe and CZT detectors, under

59.5 keV photon irradiation, in comparison to a Si detector by conducting

spectroscopic measurements on four planar semiconductor detectors, namely

two different types of CdTe detectors (Ohmic and Schottky contacts), a CZT

and a Si detector. The Si detector shows the best energy resolution among the

tested detectors at the same field strength. However, its quantum efficiency is

below that of CdTe and CZT detectors. CdTe detectors are considered better

choices for high γ- ray detection efficiency due to the higher atomic weight.

However, their energy resolutions are not as good as for Si detector due to

incomplete whole collection which causes a tail in the lower energy side of the

spectra. The CdTe (Ohmic type) detector is limited by leakage currents which

add more noise to the spectra and subsequently degrade the energy resolutions

especially at higher voltages. However, the Schottky contact CdTe detector

shows better energy resolutions in comparison with the Ohmic type due to the

improvement in its leakage current.

pg. 25

Abstract no. 262: Overview of the design of GUMSMP: a Multilevel

Parallel Haskell Implementation

Malak Aljabri, Phil Trinder, and Hans-Wolfgang Loidl

Heriot-Watt University

Multi and many core architectures are now becoming the dominant

hardware platforms, enabling multiple tasks to be computed faster than they

could be on single core machines. Moreover, the current trends of high

performance platforms are multi-level with clusters of multicores. This is

turning parallel programming into a main stream rather than a niche technology.

Parallel programming is difficult, error-prone due to having to consider all

possible coordination aspects of a computation. We present the design of the

new multi-level

parallel Haskell implementation, GUMSMP, to better exploit a cluster of

multicore architectures, thus efficiently combine distributed memory parallelism

over the cluster with optimised shared memory parallelism on the multicore

nodes. Moreover, it relieves the programmer from the burden of managing

parallelism which is controlled implicitly by the language implementation.

pg. 26

Abstract no. 263: Ultrafast Transient Absorption Spectroscopy of

Mercury Telluride Quantum Dots

A. A. Al-Otaifya, S. V. Kershawb and D.J. Binksa

aThe Photon Science Institute, School of Physics and Astronomy, The

University of Manchester

bDepartment of Physics and Material Science, City University of Hong

Kong

Mercury telluride quantum dots have several potential applications of their

infra-red optical properties, including use as emitters at telecommunications

wavelengths and as the absorbing species in photodetectors and photovoltaic

devices. In particular, the absorption edge of these quantum dots can be size-

tuned across the near-infrared, enabling the efficient exploitation of the solar

spectrum. In this study, ultrafast transient absorption spectroscopy is used to

investigate exciton dynamics and interactions in mercury telluride quantum

dots. We show that the observed exciton decay transients are not due to the

formation of multi-excitons, either by a quantum dot absorbing more than one

photon per pump pulse or by the carrier multiplication effect, We also show that

the formation of trions as a result of long-lived surface trapping does not make a

significant contribution to the decay transient either, and instead attribute our

observations to direct surface-trapping.

pg. 27

Abstract no. 299: It Project Devolopments and Risk System Strategies

Using IBM’s DRiMaP Model: a Case Study

Mohammad Z. Alem, Hussain Zedan

Software Technology Research Laboratory, De Montfort University

The risk involved with globalization and other market issues are making the

risk management an important area in IT organization. However, most of the

multinational IT companies, i.e. International Business Machines (IBM), are

considering the biggest problem associated to the distributive nature of the

working culture across the globe. IBM has its outlets across the globe, however,

where various people of different culture work on a single IT project. Due to

these differences in culture, which underscore different sources of risk, IBM

introduced its own approach using Distributed Risk Management Process

(DRiMaP) model to mitigate risk based on its priority. In spite of precaution or

measure, i.e. risk management models, yet there are still issues, not solved, in

large IT projects. Hence, this research would test IBM‘s DRiMaP process

keenly so as to develop a new and dynamic approach which extends the current

model to handle the distributive nature of the organizational large IT projects

and to mitigate the risk evolved therein.

pg. 28

Abstract no. 347: E-Loyalty with the presence of multimodal metaphors

YUSEF M. ALZAHRANI AND DIMITRIOS I. RIGAS

Department of Media Technology

University of De Montfort

P09052604@myemail.dmu.ac.uk

The paper purposes to evaluate the role of multimodal interaction metaphors

in E-CLMS which carries with it a number of issues like combining the loyalty

and mass customisation during transferring information overload in a structured

manner. Since the effects of multimodal interaction on the loyalty of customers

have been addressed to a negligible extent by the researchers, the paper aims to

conduct experimentation to determine such effects on the customer loyalty. The

experiment accomplishes the task empirically by taking into account the E-

CKMS with a combination of text and graphic using the multimodal. The

interfaces of text and graphic are evaluated on the basis of two groups of users

(a single group has n=25) with user loyalty factor equalized to four. The

obtained results showed that the use of audio-visual metaphors results in more

loyalty users.

pg. 29

Abstract no. 390: Impact of home environment on Saudi Arabian

children living in the UK

Abeer Abdulaziz Alawad

An environment, its form and use, clearly have a significant impact on its

occupants. This research considers the power of visual images and how they can

be utilised in the home environment. The environment affects people‘s

experiences, the way they learn or don‘t learn. It can also impinge on people‘s

feelings and how people integrate, communicate and relate to each other within

their surroundings. Saudi Arabia is a big country with a mixture of culture

heritage in different regions but there is a common cultural heritage. For

example, all Saudi citizens share the love of the two holy cities Makah and

Almadena. Additionally, the national flag and photos of the King and Crown

Prince can be classed as common symbols representing the country. These

national emblems have great significance for Saudi Arabia and its residents.

With increased governmental support a huge number of scholarship holders

have been granted the opportunity to complete their graduate and post graduate

in different western countries, there are many Saudi families and children

currently living in the UK. It is important to ensure the Saudi community, living

in the UK, especially children, are aware of their collective identity and share

their parents‘ love of Saudi Arabia. The concept of a collective identity refers to

a set of individuals' sense of belonging to the group or collective. For the

individual, the identity derived from the collective shapes a part of his or her

personal identity. The purpose of this study was to explore the possible benefits

of using Saudi Arabian symbols and images in the home to remind children of

their home country as they view the designs throughout the day. The

contribution to new knowledge will be in the development of advice for all

people in the Saudi community living in the UK and possibly any other country.

Further research into this area could inform governments and future events

within the UK targeting the Saudi community.

pg. 30

Abstract no. 427: Dust Growth in Magnetised Plasma Sheaths

M. B. Alharbi, D. A. Diver

The evolution and character of plasma dust has wide-ranging im- plications

for astrophysics and laboratory plasmas, including plasma processes and fusion

devices. The local electromagnetic _elds can inuence the condi- tions for dust

growth, leading in some cases to naturally occurring prolate- spheroidal dust

shapes. In this paper we will present results for dust growth by ion accretion,

under the combined inuence of an applied magnetic _eld and the evolving

electrostatic _eld arising from the charged grain. Simulations of ion trajectories

through a magnetised plasma sheath will demonstrate the inhomogeneity of

mass loading on an isolated grain surface. The e_ect of grain shielding by

orbiting particles will be taken into account in our simulations.

pg. 31

Abstract no. 493: Evaluation of the EKF-SLAM and Fast SLAM

Algorithms

Faisal ALrebeish, Dr.Rustam Stolkin

School of Computer Science

University of Birmingham

Simultaneous localization and Mapping (SLAM) which is also referred to as

Concurrent Localization and Mapping (CLM) is a fundamental problem in the

field of mobile robotics and it has been the focus of many researchers in recent

years. The SLAM problem requires a mobile robot to start from an unknown

location in an unknown environment, to build a map of that environment using

observations of the world around it using onboard sensors, and simultaneously

localize itself with respect to that map. This paper describes an experimental

study to evaluate and compare the localization performance of two of the most

commonly used SLAM algorithms, the Fast SLAM and EKF (Extended Kalman

Filter) SLAM. We use ground truthed empirical experiments, with controlled

sensor noise and other parameters of several different magnitudes, to provide

experimental evidence that both of the algorithms show robustness in estimating

the position of the robot under high level of measurement noise. However, we

demonstrate that the Fast SLAM outperforms the EKF-SLAM in term of

localizationaccuracy.

pg. 32

Abstract no.529: Quantification of Inorganic Nitrogen in North Wales

Soil Samples

Abdulaziz AlMulla

Supervisor: Dr. Murphy, L.

Bangor University

Nitrogen is one of the most common elements constituting 78.08% of the

atmosphere. The formation of nitrite, nitrate and ammonium is an essential part

of the nitrogen cycle that operates between the atmosphere, soils, and water.

However, and at high concentrations can cause many adverse health

effects in human such as methemoglobinemia in infants and stomach problems

in adults. This aim of this project was to determine , and in soil

samples collected at specific depths at different local farms. The concentration

of was relatively higher than the concentration of in both soil

samples as a result of being rapidly oxidised to as a result of is

the stable phase of nitrogen. In the present study, the concentration of in

site 1 soil was 16.81 ± 0.07 mg/kg, where was 84.21 ± 0.53 mg/kg

and was 2.16 ± 0.15 mg/kg at 0-15 cm.

pg. 33

Abstract no.711: Intra rater reliabilityof joint angles of the lower limb

during stance phase of gait in healthy subjects using siliconCOACH.

Salem Alatawi

Faculty of Applied Medical Sciences, Tabuk University, Saudi Arabia.

Objective: Measurements of human movement and gait analysis have less

popularity in the clinical practice, therefore, the aim of this study is to

investigate the intra-rater reliability, within day and between days, of

SiliconCOACH in measuring hip, knee, and ankle joint angles at initial

contact(IC), loading response(LR) and toe off (TO) phases during walking.

Methodology: Twenty healthy subjects were asked to walk along a 10-

meter walkway at their self-selected speed . A digital video-camera was placed

5 meters away on a tripod perpendicular to the walkway. Retro-reflective

markers were placed on the subject's right-side lower limb. The video-recording

was imported into SiliconCOACH professional movement-analysis software to

calculate the hip, knee and ankle angles during initial contact (IC) , loading

response (LR) and toe off (TO) phases.

Result: ICC's, SEMs and 95% limits of agreements (LOA) for the hip, knee

and ankle joint angles respectively calculated during the three phases of stance.

The ICCs were all above 0.85 indicating excellent reliability. The SEM scores

were small and varied from 0.13˚to 1.82˚. The 95% limits of agreement (LOA)

were between + 5.90º and – 4.10º

Conclusion: SiliconCOACH has been shown to be a reliable measure of the

hip, knee and ankle joint angles. It is relatively inexpensive, non-invasive and

straightforward to use in clinical settings.

pg. 34

Health & Social Studies Papers:

pg. 35

Abstract no. 53: Translation and psychometric properties of an Arabic

version of The Organizational Commitment Questionnaire (OCQ) in Saudi

Arabia.

Mansour Al-Yami

The University of Sheffield

The aim of this study was to translate the Organizational Commitment

Questionnaire (OCQ) from English into Arabic and to examine the

psychometric properties of the translated version. The OCQ has been widely

validated and used in different cultures, but currently there is no evaluated

Arabic version. A survey design incorporating a translated version of the

Organizational Commitment Questionnaire was used and the data were

analyzed using exploratory factor analysis. Result indicated that two different

factors were underlying Arabic participants responses to the Arabic version of

the OCQ items and that these factors were highly internally consistent. This

paper conclude that the Organizational Commitment Questionnaire has a two-

factor structure and that an Arabic version of the Organizational Commitment

Questionnaire could applied in studies of organizational commitment in Arabic

populations.

pg. 36

Abstract no. 170: A Perception Assessment Survey of Water Pipe

Smoking Among Students In Manchester and A Review of Its Health

Impacts

Sultan Abdulelah Kotby

School of Environment and Life Sciences

University Of Salford

The main objective of the study was to collect data in form of a survey,

which provided a perception on the awareness of water pipe smoking amongst

students of Manchester universities. As well as reviewing water pipe health,

environment impacts and government policies, also reviewing water pipe

smoking with comparison to cigarette smoking. Some researchers claim that

the longer the duration of a water pipe session the more you are exposed to

heavier yield of tar, nicotine, carbon monoxide, polycyclic aromatic

hydrocarbons and heavy metals. Therefore one session is equal to 100

cigarettes or more, which leads to cancer. Other researchers criticise the

methodology used and all evidence is based on one measurement source. The

study took place in Greater Manchester assessing students from Salford

University, Manchester University and Manchester Metropolitan University.

Where questionnaires were distributed out to students. 300 quantitative

questionnaires were given out to universities in Greater Manchester area, only

203 were returned, 15 did not know the concept of water pipe, 188 was the

total number of candidates valid to assess.

Results shows 45% of all candidates believe that water pipe is more

harmful than cigarettes. The majority of students responded, that neither a

good brand of charcoals nor tobacco can reduce the harm of water pipe

smoking. 74% of respondents believe it is harmful to share a water pipe. 80%

of candidates believed water pipe smoking makes the human body more

susceptible to cancer.

Health impact from Water pipe smoking urges to conduct clear clinical

trials which have standardised methodology and longitudinal research

evidence. Also triangulation is suggested to cross check the reliability and

validity of findings. It is recommended to get permission to create awareness

campaigns in schools and universities to spread information on water pipe

smoking health facts and effects.

pg. 37

Abstract no. 282: The Determining Roles of Food Rheology and Oral

Pressure in Triggering a Swallow

Woroud Abdulrahman Alsanei, Jianshe Chen

School of Food Science and Nutrition, The University of Leeds

Bolus swallowing could be a difficult task or hazardous to some

disadvantaged populations (Dysphagia, Swallowing disorders or Difficulty

swallowing), such as elderly, infant babies, hospital patients, causing choking or

even suffocation. Providing quality foods which are not only tasty and nutritious

but also safe to consume is essential for the wellbeing of these populations. A

main challenge to food manufacturing and pharmaceutical industries in

developing such food is that the determining criteria in triggering bolus

swallowing are still little known. The rheological properties of a food bolus (in

particular the shear viscosity) are believed to be the main determining factors in

swallowing initiation and bolus flow along oropharyngeal and oesophageal

tract. Main aims of this work were (1) to test the hypothesis that rheological

properties of food boluses are the key determining factors for an ease

swallowing; and (2) to investigate the possible correlations between bolus

properties and subjects‘ physiological capability in creating oral pressure.

pg. 38

Abstract no.350: The effect of the current Youtube shows production boom

on the Saudi society

Rasha Saifuddin

Leicester Universities

An observational movement in Saudi Arabia of using new media especially

Youtube. There are many programs focusing on cultural aspects and wrong

traditions in the society in terms of develop our society.

Nowadays, youtube is dealing with culture and social issue, in order to facing

this important issue I will do this project to analyze it.

The questions I consider about is that

1- Do this programs have mirrored the society or not?

2- To What extent this programs have accepted and reacting by saudi citizens?

3- What kind of content include in the programs If this way of coverage the

issues is suitable for them in terms of showing real cultural attitude?

Other angle of my research is that what is driving the current boom producing

youtube shows, is the reason of express their opinion or to find out new way to

entertain the viewers or highlight the social problems in term of developing the

society.

pg. 39

Abstract no. 402: ACCULTURATION OF KASP’S HOLDERS IN

BRITAIN AND ITS ROLE IN THEIR ACADEMIC PERFORMANCE

Bedour A. Abouammoh

Department of Professional Communication,

Sheffield Hallam University, Sheffield, England

This paper presents the role of acculturation and adaptation to social and

learning environment of foreign students in the host countries to their education

achievements. It also investigates problems facing students studying abroad

concerning differences in social behaviours and academic practices at home and

in host countries. It is believed that enlightened students of major differences

between these cultures and necessary expectation of social norms for the host

culture would participate in their smoother adjustment of various aspects of life.

Social adaptation with knowledge and awareness is associated positively to

student success in his/her academic life and minimize homesickness, drop-out,

and cultured cloning instances.

Keyword:Adaptation, social behaviour, Saudi students, studying abroad.

pg. 40

Abstract no. 408: Cultural Competence and Patient-Centered Care for

Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus Patients in Cross-Cultural Medical Settings

Noura A. Abouam

Ministry of Health, MPH

School of Health and Related Research, University of Sheffield

This paper describes the rationale of studying cross-cultural medical

interaction. The concept of cultural competence and patient centeredness and

the significance of applying them when caring for type 2 diabetes mellitus

patients are presented. A specific focus is directed to the situation in Saudi

Arabia where 80% of physicians are expatriates. A review of previous

publications on barriers and challenges to medical communication from the

perspective of both expatriate physicians and their patients is presented. The

paper suggests research studies to promote effective interaction in cross-

cultural medical settings to improve quality of type 2 diabetes mellitus care in

Saudi Arabia.

pg. 41

Abstract no.421: Daily Air Pollution Levels and Asthma; Exploring the

Influence of Time-Activity Patterns on Exposure in Al Jubail Industrial

City, Saudi Arabia

Mr Salem AlBalawi1, Prof. Tanja Pless-Mulloli1, Dr. Anil Namdeo2 & Dr.

Susan Hodgson3

1 Institute of Health & Society, Medical School, Newcastle University, UK

2 Transport Operations Research Group, Newcastle University, UK

3 MRC-HPA Centre for Environment and Health, Imperial College London,

UK

Air pollution is a risk factor for adverse health effects, for example many

studies have shown a link between air pollution exposure and hospital

admissions for asthma. Many epidemiological studies have used outdoor

concentrations to estimate human exposure. Personal exposure monitoring

has become available over recent years thus allowing more precise exposure

estimation covering both outdoor and indoor exposures but so far there is no

such evidence from Saudi Arabia. This study will assess the link between

exposure to air pollution and asthma hospital visits in the industrial city of Al

Jubail and will identify factors that influence personal exposure.

pg. 42

Abstract no.507: Children's Rights in Saudi Arabia

Ejalal Jalal

University of Leicester Phd In Child & Adolescent Mental Health

The aim: The present paper will mainly focus On the exploration literature

about children‘s rights in Islamic cultural specifically, Saudi Arabia, and

critically appraise the cultural and legal evidence for and against the use of

physical punishment.

Method: I focused on the available evidence in the electronic research

engine (Medline, PubMed, CINAHL, PsychInfo, and Google scholar). The

research terms were physical punishment or corporal punishment or physical

abuse, and children/child, and disciplinary practices, Saudi culture or Islamic

culture or Arab countries.

Results: Few Studies were found on examining the cultural impact on the

use of the corporal or physical punishment (Alyahri and Goodman 2008,

Abolfotouh et al. 2009). These Studies are the most appropriate studies, and

neighbouring country to Saudi Arabia.

Conclusion: Physical Punishment still remains as an acceptable method of

disciplinary practice in Saudi Arabia. This Could be due to the lack of

awareness of alternative disciplinary methods among families, the educational

level of the family, and Saudi‘s Cultural and traditional norms.

pg. 43

Medical Sciences Papers:

pg. 44

Abstract no.10: The anchorage potential of functional appliances: A

multicenter randomized, comparative, retrolective study

Dr Safa Jambi, Kevin O‘Brien

The School of Dentistry, The University of Manchester

Background and objectives: The control of anchorage is integral to

successful orthodontic treatment. The objective of this research was to

investigate the influence of functional appliances on tooth position in the

preparation of anchorage and the extraction decision.

Methods: This was a multicenter randomized, comparative, retrolective

study with two parallel groups. There were 36 patients in the Twin Block group

and 47 patients in the Herbst group. Data for tooth movement was collected

from 3D models in three stages of treatment; pretreatment, post-functional and

post-treatment. The factors that influence their decision to extract teeth at the

end of a first phase of functional appliance treatment were also evaluated.

Results: Fixed and removable functional appliances are equally effective in

anchorage preparation. The type of functional appliance and time spent in Phase

I treatment influenced the amount of lower incisor proclination.

Conclusions: Functional appliances reduce the anchorage requirements of a

case primarily by reduction of the overjet, both fixed and removable functional

appliances are equally effective in obtaining this. However, fixed functional

appliances result in greater lower incisor proclination than removable functional

appliances. Moreover the amount of time spent in the functional appliance

phase results in an increased degree of lower incisor proclination.

The type of functional appliance (removable or fixed) does not influence the

extraction decision, however, the change in lower incisor proclination and the

amount of residual crowding following functional appliance treatment are

related to an increased chance of extractions being prescribed.

pg. 45

Abstract no. 22: Tackling the problem of blood culture contamination

(BCC) in an intensive care unit (ICU) using an educational intervention.

Yaser M. Alahmadi,1 Mamoon A. Aldeyab,1 Fidelma A. Magee,2 Michael

G. Scott,2 Mary P. Kearney,2 , Ronnie Bailie,2 James C. McElnay1

1 Clinical and Practice Research Group, School of Pharmacy, Queen‘s 2

Contamination of blood cultures is a common problem. False-positive blood

cultures have been associated with unnecessary antibiotic use, additional

laboratory tests and increased length of hospital stay thus incurring significant

additional hospital costs and exposing the patient to unnecessary treatments and

unnecessarily prolonged hospital stay. 1,2,3 According to the standards of the

American Society for Microbiology, the rate of contamination of blood cultures

should not exceed 3%.4

pg. 46

Abstract no. 62: Evaluation of Accuracy and Precision of Two Devices

for Self-Monitoring of Blood Glucose (SMBG)

Hala Almadani, Basmah Badughaish, Alaa Almadhari, Khawlah Aldulaijan

Supervisor: Taghreed Alghamdi

Department of Medical Laboratory Technology

College of Applied Medical Sciences

University of Dammam

Background: Continuous monitoring of blood glucose level is a key

element in the management of diabetes mellitus. Therefore, assessment of the

reliability of commercially available self-monitoring of blood glucose (SMBG)

devices is of extreme importance. We aimed to evaluate two popular SMBG

devices by comparing its accuracy and precision with a laboratory reference

system.

Methods: ACCU-CHEK ® Active (Roche) and HEA-220 Blood Glucose

Monitor (Omron) were compared to glucose hexokinase assay on Dimension®

chemistry analyzer, using capillary blood and sera from 38 patients. Glucometer

accuracy was evaluated by Bland-Altman analysis, and Passing-Bablock

regression. Intra-assay glucometer precision was examined by 10 consecutive

measurements at two glucose levels.

Results: More than 95% of measurements on both devices were within

mean ± 1.96 SD of Bland-Altman plots. Passing-Bablock analyses revealed that

there were no significant deviations from linearity for both glucometers

compared to the reference system. Results for intra-assay precision were: CV

for ACCU-CHEK at two glucose levels: 3.6% and 1.3%, and for Omron: 2.3%

and 4.3%.

Conclusions: Both glucometers had an acceptable accuracy and precision

that met the NCCLS/ISO and FDA guidelines. However, both didn't meet ADA

guidelines. ACCU-CHEK ® Active glucometer performed better than OMRON

HEA-220.

Abbreviations: NCCLS; National Committee for Clinical Laboratory

Standards, ISO; International Organization for Standardization, FDA; Food and

Drug Administration, ADA; American Diabetes Association.

pg. 47

Abstract no. 92: DNA binding studies of fluorinated active compounds

Mariam Mojally, Dr. George Weaver, Dr. Paul Lucas

Department of chemistry

Leicestershire University

Fluorinated heterocyclic compounds have drug like properties and possess a

valuable biological activity due to their rigid chemical structures and the high

solubility profile. Novel fluorinated heterocyclic active compounds have been

synthesized by nucleophilic aromatic substitution of perfluorinated compounds

such as pentafluoropyridine, hexafluorobenzene and pentafluorotoluene with

carbazole or 1-bromo-2-naphthol. Their interaction with DNA was investigated

by thermal melting studies via U.V. absorption at 260 nm using Calf thymus

DNA double strand during gradual increasing in the temperature from 50 % to

100 %.

1-bromonaphth-2-yl tetrafluoropyrid-4-yl ether showed very high activity

and bind to DNA more than other compounds possibly by intercalation.

pg. 48

Abstract no. 105: Risk Factors for Overweight Status in Adolescent

Girls in Jeddah City, Saudi Arabia

Elham Al-Jaaly, BA (Cl.Nutr); MSc (HN); MPH, PhD (IHD); RD

Centre for International Health and Development, ICH, UCL

There are growing concerns about increasing levels of obesity in adolescents

in Saudi Arabia. To address the problem requires an understanding of the

determinants. The objective of the study was to quantify the problem of

overweight and obesity in adolescent girls in Jeddah, Saudi Arabia and to

explore the determinants, with a view to informing policy. A cross-sectional

survey was conducted among girls aged 13 to 18 in Jeddah. Height and weight

measurements were taken and girls completed a questionnaire, which explored a

range of nutrition-related issues. A total of 1519 female adolescents participated

in the study, 24% were overweight or obese and 14% were underweight. This is

the first Saudi study to use a theoretical framework to investigate

comprehensively factors that might have an effect on adolescents‟ eating

behaviours and overweight status.

pg. 49

Abstract no. 148: An fMRI Investigation of the Role of the Basal

Ganglia in Cognitive Function

T. S. Abualaita, S. T. Francisb, c, and S. R. Jacksona, d

a School of Psychology, University of Nottingham, UK

b School of Physics, University of Nottingham, UK

c Sir Peter Mansfield Magnetic Resonance Centre, University of

Nottingham, UK

d Body and Brain Centre, University of Nottingham, UK

The basal ganglia (BG) are a group of highly interconnected nuclei that

located deeply at the base of the cerebral cortex. They participate in multiple

circuits or 'loops' with cognitive and motor areas of the cerebral cortex. The role

of the basal ganglia has primarily been thought to be involved in motor control

and learning. A number of brain imaging studies have shown that the basal

ganglia are involved not only in motor tasks but also in cognitive functions,

such as planning, attention, and mental imagery. The purpose of the current

study is to investigate the role of the basal ganglia in cognitive control by

examining its involvement in Go/Wait task utilizing ultra-high field (7 Tesla)

fMRI with higher spatial resolution and BOLD contrast. Eleven right-handed

healthy subjects with no history of neurological disorders were scanned while

they performed a Go/Wait interference task. Significant activation that related

to response withholding more than immediate responding (Wait vs Go) was

found in a network of brain areas involving bilateral supplementary motor area

(SMA), bilateral middle frontal gyrus, bilateral postcentral gyrus, and right

insula lobe. Interestingly, significant activation was also found in right thalamus

and left putamen. Furthermore, significant activation that is related to

immediate responding (Go vs Wait) was found in bilateral caudate nucleus,

bilateral cerebellum. These findings suggest that the basal ganglia have a critical

role in cognitive interference processing and action selection during Go/Wait

task.

pg. 50

Abstract no. 178: Investigating the role of IREB2 genetic variants in

susceptibility to COPD

Aiman Abdulrahim Alsaegh, Tamar Guetta-Baranes, Noor Kalsheker, Sally

Chappell

The IREB2 gene encodes the iron-binding protein 2 (IRP2), which is a

major regulator of iron homeostasis. In a previous report, we observed

significant associations of seven IREB2 genetic variants (6 intronic and 1 in

exon 21) with increased risk of COPD in a large case-control study. Subsequent

In-silico analysis showed that two of these intronic SNPs (rs2656069 and

rs10851906) were in tight linkage disequilibrium (r2=0.99) with a promoter

SNP (rs2656070) which is predicted to disrupt the binding of two transcription

factors (SP-1 and AP-1). The IREB2 regulatory elements have not been

previously characterized. This report aimed to identify the IREB2 promoter

region and to evaluate whether the promoter polymorphism has potential

functional consequences on IREB2 expression. To test the effect of the

promoter SNP on transcriptional activity, two fragments were amplified and

cloned from genomic DNA corresponding to homozygotes for each allele of

rs2656070. The first fragment contained 1.08 kb of sequence upstream of the

IREB2 transcription start site. The second fragment spans 413bp of the 5‘

region predicted to harbor regulatory elements by bioinformatics analysis. Both

fragments were inserted upstream of the luciferase reporter gene in the pGL3-

Basic vector and then transfected into the A549 cell line. Our results show a

significant promoter activity equating to a mean 101-fold and 130-fold increase

in reporter gene activation for the 1.08 kb and 413 bp fragments, respectively.

There was no significant difference (p-value of 0.19) in the relative luciferase

expression in A549 cells transiently transfected with rs2656070 wild type (G)

construct compared with the risk allele (A) for both fragments under basal

conditions. Additional analysis will be undertaken to examine the effect of the

SNP rs2656070 under conditions that are known to stimulate IREB2 expression

including hypoxia and low iron cellular levels

pg. 51

Abstract no. 220:Neuroimmune Interactions During the Mammalian

Host Response to the Large Intestine Worm Infection (TRICHURIS

MURIS)

Mushref B Assas, Jaleel Miyan, Richard K Grencis, Joanne L Pennock

University of Manchester, faculty of life science

The biological and physiological connection and bi-directional influence

between the nervous and immune systems has gained a great deal of interest

in the last few decades. This direction in scientific research is termed

‘Neuroimmunolgy’. Neuroimmunology investigates the influential role the

nervous and immune systems play on each other to modulate function. In the

body, the suggestion that different systems cooperate with each other to

perform a range of vital functions is supported by much evidence. Scientists

have demonstrated bi-directional communication between the immune and

nervous systems suggesting a functional relationship between the two systems

[1-3]. One good example is the mast cells-colonic intestinal nerve relationship

through alterations in ENS physiology. Mast cell mediators play a role in

visceral hypersensitivity [4]. In the colonic mucosa of patients with irritable

bowel syndrome (IBS), mast cells including degranulating mast cells were

found close to nerves where membrane-membrane contact was occasionally

seen [5]. By contrast, this was seen at a lower rate in healthy controls linking

this feature to inflammatory responses seen in IBS patients through the release

of inflammatory mediators from mast cells, including histamine and tryptase

that also exert an effect on the colonic nerves. An increase in the number of

mast cells around colonic nerves was recorded in IBS patients (227% higher

than healthy control mast cell count in the same fields) [5].

pg. 52

Abstract no. 229: The Role of Anti-HLA class I antibody in allograft

rejection: A potential link between antibody and cellular rejection

Fatmah M.A. Naemi, V. Carter, S. Ali and J. A. Kirby

Donor specific anti-HLA class I antibodies are associated with acute

rejection and chronic allograft failure but the mechanism remains unclear. This

study was designed to define the potential of anti-HLA class I antibody to

modulate endothelium-leukocyte interactions by focusing on endothelial signal

transduction pathways, adhesion molecule up-regulation and the induction of

cytokine expression.

Human microvascular endothelial cells (HMEC-1) were stimulated with

anti-HLA class I antibody (W6/32) and the cells were examined by western

blotting to assess the activation of endothelail cell signalling, by flow cytometry

to detect upregulation of endothelial adhesion molecules (VCAM-1 and ICAM-

1), and by qPCR to measure cytokine gene expression. An in vitro flow based

adhesion assay (Cellix platform), was used to assess the potential of anti-HLA

class I antibodies to enhance leukocyte adhesion.

Treatment of HMEC-1 with W6/32 antibodies activated the transcription

factor CREB by a pathway sensitive to inhibition of PKA. The antibody-treated

cells significantly increased cell surface VCAM-1 and ICAM-1, with expression

peaking after 12 and 8 hours respectively (p<0.001 in comparison with isotype

control antibody-treatment). Treatment with W6/32 antibodies also upregulated

the expression of mRNA encoding IL-6 and the chemokines CXCL8, CXCL1,

CXCL10 and CCL5. The expression of CXCL8 was dependent on antibody

concentration. Chemotaxis assays demonstrated that medium conditioned by

antibody-treated endothelial cells stimulated a significant monocyte migration

(p=0.011). Under conditions modelling blood flow at 0.5 dyne/cm2, endothelial

cells treated with W6/32 antibodies for 5 min showed a significant increase in

apical monocyte adhesion (p<0.0001). These findings suggest that donor

specific anti-HLA antibodies directly stimulate endothelial cells leading to an

increase in their potential to bind activated recipient leukocytes, increasing the

potential for allograft inflammation.

pg. 53

Abstract no. 237: Caveolar disruption with methyl-β-cyclodextrin

(MCD) causes endothelium-dependent contraction of rat femoral arteries

A. Y. Al-Brakati

Institutes of Translational Medicine

University of Liverpool

Background: Caveolae are flask shaped invaginations in the cell membrane

which act as signalling hubs in endothelial and smooth muscle cells (1,2).

Disruption of caveolae by the membrane cholesterol depleting agent MCD has

various functional effects on arteries, including impairment of endothelium-

dependent relaxation (1), and augmentation of smooth muscle contraction

independently of the endothelium (2). The aim of this study was to explore the

effects of MCD on contraction of rat femoral arteries.

Methods: Isometric force was measured in rat femoral artery in a resistance

artery myograph. Arteries were stimulated to contract with a solution containing

20 mM K+ and 100 nM BayK 8644 (20K/BayK). Data are expressed as mean ±

SEM, compared by Student‘s t-test.

Results: Incubation of arteries with MCD (5 mM, 60 min) increased force

in response to 20K/BayK from 11.84 ± 1.30 mN to 18.25 ± 2 mN (n = 12, P <

0.01). In contrast, contraction induced by 80 mM K+ was not altered by MCD

(33.40 ± 1.43 mN to 33.16 ± 2.02 mN, n = 12, P = n.s.). Filipin, which also

disrupts caveoli, also significantly increased force to 20K/BayK (5.36 ± 1.66

mN to 9.36± 2.21 mN, n =14, P ≤ 0.01). Cholestrol saturated MCD (Ch-MCD,

5 mM, 50 min) had no effect on its own on 20K/BayK induced force (3.15 ±

0.45 mN to 2.98 ± 0.59 mN, n = 4, P= n.s.), but reversed the effects of MCD

(3.50 ± 0.62 mN in 20K/BayK, 4.93 ± 1.35 mN after MCD, 2.74 ± 0.59 mN

after Ch-MCD, n=16). Functional effects of caveolar disruption have been

reported to be both endothelium-dependent and endothelium-independent (1,2).

Mechanical removal of endothelial cells from femoral artery reduced the ability

of MCD to enhance contractions to 20K/BayK (6.62 ± 0.92 mN to 7.52 ± 1.03

mN after MCD, n = 22, P = n.s.). This result suggests MCD acts via altering

basal release of an endothelial-derived vasodilator or vasoconstrictor. When

endothelial release of nitric oxide (NO) was blocked by pre-incubation of

arteries with L-

enhanced (6.82 ± 1.61 mN to 14.90 ± 2.67 mN, n = 6, P<0.01). Subsequent

treatment of these arteries with MCD caused contraction, and L-NAME no

longer had a significant effect after MCD treatment (17.74 ± 3.46 mN after

MCD, 16.10 ± 3.19 mN in L-NAME and MCD, n = 6, P = n.s).

Conclusion. We provide evidence that the caveolar disrupting agents MCD

and filipin increase contraction of rat femoral arteries. Our results are consistent

with caveolar disruption resulting in decreased basal release of endothelium-

dependent vasodilators, probably NO.

pg. 54

Abstract no. 238: Functional genomic profiling of hypoxic breast

cancer: search for novel molecular biomarkers markers

Hani Choudhry, Carme Camps, Johannes Schödel, Spyros

Oikonomopoulos, Laura Winchester , Francesca Buffa, Daniela Moralli,

Emanuela Volpi, Peter J. Ratcliffe, Adrian Harris, David R. Mole, Jiannis

Ragoussis

The Wellcome Trust Centre for Human Genetics, University of Oxford

Hypoxia is a common feature of most solid tumors and is associated with

poor prognosis in breast cancer. In current study, we profiled the hypoxia

transcription landscape, Pol II activity and histone markers (H3K4me3 and

H3K4me1) of breast cancer cell line [MCF-7] grown in hypoxia and normoxia

using next generation of ribo- depleted RNA, mRNA, small RNA and ChIP

sequencing. We found that about 7.3% of annotated genome is differentially

expressed in hypoxic stress, which includes 1138 up regulated and 240 down

regulated genes. Bioinformatic analysis revealed deregulation of a range of non

coding transcripts including piwiRNA, microRNA, sn/snoRNA, long noncoding

RNA (lncRNA), and natural anti-sense transcripts (NATs) under hypoxia. To

define which hypoxic altered genes are dependent on, hypoxia-inducible factor

(HIF), we suppressed HIF-alpha subunits in hypoxic MFC-7 cells using siRNA

and subjected them to mRNA-seq. We identified a substantial number of HIF

dependent transcripts (n=59) that were not reported before as hypoxia regulated

genes. The differential expression of selected regulatory transcripts, including

lncRNAs and NATs were validated in a panel of hypoxic breast cancer cell

lines. We characterized two significant up regulated NATs in hypoxia and

found that these transcripts are long (>200bp), localized in nucleus, and HIF

dependent. A number (42) of novel un-annotated hypoxia induced transcripts

were also detected in hypoxic MCF-7 cells. The presence of active histone

markers at TSS of NATs and novel transcripts validates these findings.

Moreover, small RNA-seq revealed differentially expressed miRNAs showing

both direct regulations through HIF or through post transcriptional mechanisms.

Four lncRNAs and one non poly-A mRNA were analysed further using a

collection of 148 breast tumors and found to be associated with

clinicopathological parameters. These findings will open new avenues in our

efforts to understand hypoxia transcriptional regulation and finding novel

pathways to develop therapies for breast cancer.

pg. 55

Abstract no. 268: DETERMINATION OF TIME SINCE

DEPOSITION OF SALIVA STAINS USING QRT-PCR

M. Alrowaithi 1 and N. Watson

CFS, University of Strathclyde, Glasgow, UK,

1majid.alrowaithi@strath.ac.uk

Although DNA analysis is highly discriminating, it does not provide any

information about when a biological stain has been deposited. The age of a stain

is important in many cases, for example, where there is a close personal tie

between the suspect and the victim.

In this study, saliva samples from 6 volunteers were aged over 60 days.

RNA analysis by RT-qPCR assay was used find the relative expression ratio

(RER) of the quantity of β-actin mRNA to the quantity of 18S rRNA in the

stains and was monitored over the age of stain. In addition the inter-donor

variation was statistically calculated.

The results confirm that there are detectable quantities of mRNA in stains

after 60 days of storage at room temperature in a dry place. They confirmed that

is a sufficiently good correlation between the age of saliva and the RER such

that the age of the sample can be estimated approximately. The correlation

between the age of saliva samples and the RER of β-actin mRNA to 18S rRNA

was extended to tissue types other than blood.

pg. 56

Abstract no. 277: Analysis of pure repetitive sequences with large copy

number in the human genome: a new approach to estimate human tissue

age

Saeed Ghurmallah F. Al-Ghamdi

College of Medical, University of Glasgow

Ageing is a process where an organism‘s condition declines, the fertility rate

decreases and the risk of death increases. In recent years, the need for forensic

age estimation has increased. Using anatomical and morphological methods to

estimate age are laborious, and need expert examiners. The use of molecular

methods has the potential to be helpful as biological samples are recovered from

many crime scenes. Microsatellites are simple DNA sequence composed 1–6

nucleotides. Some simple sequence repeats are unstable in somatic tissues and

the number of variants increases with age. Such markers will have great use in

ageing biological samples.

pg. 57

Abstract no. 279: Using Next Generation Sequencing to investigate the

level of microsatellite repeat length variations and to estimate human age

dependent telomeres length shortening

Saeed Ghurmallah F. Al-Ghamdi

Institute of Molecular, Cell and Systems Biology, College of Medical,

Veterinary and Life Sciences (MVLS), University of Glasgow

Email address: S.al-ghamdi.2@research.gla.ac.uk

Small-Pool PCR that used currently to investigate the level of somatic

instability is laborious and time consuming. This technique is suitable for

research but is less likely to be used in higher throughput laboratories where

10‘s of samples are tested daily, such as in a forensic lab. Thus, one of the

project aims is to use available new technologies that can achieve similar goals

and can be used routinely. A new approach where Next Generation Sequencing

(NGS) will be used to estimate human microsatellites repeat length variation

and telomere age dependent shortening. Target sequences will be enriched by

bait capture in 26 DNA sample extracted from peripheral blood, followed by

Illumina Pair End (PE) sequencing.

pg. 58

Abstract no. 317: 3D quantitative tooth shape analysis in hypodontia

Ibrahim Al Shahrani

School of Dental Sciences, Newcastle University

Objective: Assessment of tooth morphology is essential in the diagnosis and

management of hypodontia patients. Several techniques have been used to

quantify tooth shape in hypodontia patients and these have shown smaller tooth

dimensions and anomalous tooth shapes in these patients when compared with

controls. However, previous studies have mainly used 2D images and provided

limited information. In the present study, 3D surface-imaging and statistical

shape analysis were used to evaluate tooth form differences between hypodontia

and control patients.

Methods: Eighteen anatomical landmarks were recorded on the clinical

crown of the lower left first permanent molar of 3D scanned study models of

hypodontia and control subjects. The study sample comprised 120 hypodontia

patients (40 mild, 40 moderate and 40 severe hypodontia patients) and 40 age-

and sex-matched controls. Procrustes coordinates were utilized to scale and

superimpose the landmark coordinate data and then were subjected to principal

component analysis (PCA). Subsequently, shape differences were tested

statistically using MANOVA.

Results: Significant interaction was found between the two factor variables

―group‖ and ―gender‖ (p< 0.002). Overall expected accuracies were 66% and

56% for females and males respectively in the cross-validated discriminant-

analysis using the first 20 PCs. Hypodontia groups showed significant shape

differences compared with the control subjects (p<0.0001). Significant

differences in tooth crown shape were also found between sexes (p<0.0001)

within groups. There appears to be progression in shape variation from mild, to

moderate to severe hypodontia, while the controls are isolated from all three

groups. Severe hypodontia has less prominent cusp tips, a flatter gingival

margin and more tapered proximal margin when compared to the control

subjects.

Conclusions: The degree of variation in tooth shape was associated with the

degree of the severity of the hypodontia. Quantitative measurement of the tooth

shape in hypodontia patients may enhance the multidisciplinary management of

those patients.

pg. 59

Abstract no. 322: Effect of Incentive Spirometry (IS) on Some

Pulmonary Function Parameters in Healthy Adult Subjects

Author: Ali Nasser O. Aljarrash. Fourth year Respiratory care student.

Respiratory Care Department. College of Applied Medical Sciences.

University of Dammam.

Supervisor: Prof. Dr. Amr El-Nouaem.

Email: Ali_aljarrash@hotmail.com

Background: Incentive spirometry ( IS ) is widely used clinically as a part of

routine prophylactic and therapeutic regimen in perioperative respiratory

therapy. IS is designed to mimic natural sighing or yawning by encouraging the

patient to take long, slow, deep breaths from functional residual capacity to total

lung capacity, but the clinical efficacy of IS is still controversial.

Aim of Work: To evaluate the effect of IS on some of pulmonary function

test results in healthy adult subjects.

Method: Ten healthy adult students were randomly choosen and trained to

use IS. After the baseline values for Forced Vital Capacity , Forced Expiratory

Volume in one second , Forced Expiratory Volume in one second / Forced Vital

Capacity , Forced Expiratory Flow 25-75 % , Peak Expiratory Flow Rate &

volume measured on IS were measured , students were asked to use IS for two

weeks ( twice daily for one week and 4 times daily for another week ).

Pulmonary function parameters were measured after the first & second week to

know the influence of IS on their performance.

Results: There was a non-significant effect of IS on the measured baseline

pulmonary parameter in healthy adult subjects (P > 0.05). Key words: incentive

spirometry, forced vital capacity, peak expiratory flow rate.

pg. 60

Abstract no. 400: Effect of Dental Bleaching on Hydroxyapatite

Solubility and Salivary Protein Adsorption

Dr. Najlaa Yousef Qusti, Dr. Steven J Brookes, Prof. Paul A Brunton

University of Leeds

Controversy surrounds whether peroxide bleaching demineralises or

modifies tooth surfaces. Nothing is known about how bleaching may predispose

enamel to subsequent acid challenges or how it may affect the adsorption of

protective salivary proteins.

Objectives: Evaluate the affect of hydrogen peroxide (H2O2) on the acid

resistance of hydroxyapatite (HAP) and the adsorption of salivary proteins.

Results: There were no significant differences, in terms of mineral loss,

between H2O2 and water treated HAP when subjected to an acid challenge.

Adsorbed salivary proteins significantly reduced mineral loss from H2O2 and

water treated HAP by 26% and 19% respectively (P<0.005). The greater

protection afforded by salivary proteins adsorbed to H2O2 treated HA was

significant (P<0.05). SDS PAGE and mass fingerprinting revealed that H2O2

treated and water treated HAP adsorbed salivary proteins differentially

especially with regard to salivary amylase including the identification of a novel

amylase dimer.

Conclusion: H2O2 treatment did not affect the acid resistance of HAP but

did increase the acid protection provided by adsorbed salivary proteins. Results

suggest that H2O2 does not have a deleterious effect on the acid resistance of

HAP but may enhance the protective effect of adsorbed salivary protein.

pg. 61

Abstract no. 415: Diabetes modulates the fibrinolytic properties of

aspirin without altering the platelet inhibitory actions: a possible mechanism

for aspirin treatment failure

Z Kurdee, A Mamaniat, F Phoenix, P Rice, PJ Grant and RA Ajjan

Aspirin, which inhibits platelet function and modulates fibrin clot lysis, has

been used for prevention from atherothrombotic disease in diabetes, but recent

evidence suggests reduced clinical efficacy by unclear mechanisms. We

hypothesised that hyperglycaemia in diabetes interferes with aspirin action,

resulting in reduced cardiovascular protection. Therefore, we investigated the

effects of ex vivo addition of aspirin to whole blood on platelet function and

plasma clot lysis in healthy controls and in type 1 diabetes (T1DM) subjects

devoid of complications and on insulin only therapy. Platelet function was

monitored by multiplate assay and fibrinolyis was tested using turbidimetric

analysis. Platelet aggregation to arachidonic acid (AA) after treatment with 0, 1

and 10 mg/L aspirin in 24 T1DM subjects was 62.68±3.2, 54.6±3.5 and

31.4±2.9 AU, respectively (p<0.05). Similar findings were documented for

healthy controls (65.3±3.9, 60.2±3.5 and 27.7±3.5 AU, respectively; p<0.05).

Fibrinolysis in 15 T1DM subjects showed no difference in the presence of 0, 1

and 10 mg/L aspirin (681±110, 672±113 and 712±73 sec, respectively; p>0.1).

In contrast, fibrin clot lysis was affected by aspirin treatment in healthy controls

(587±112, 514±44 and 568±57 sec, respectively; p<0.05). Our data indicate that

diabetes has little effect on platelet inhibition by aspirin following AA

stimulation. However, enhanced fibrin clot lysis by aspirin is lost in the

presence of diabetes and may be the main mechanism for aspirin treatment

failure in this condition. Future work is warranted to investigate the relationship

between clinical aspirin treatment failure and fibrin clot lysis in diabetes

subjects on aspirin therapy.

pg. 62

Abstract no. 432: Medication Administration Errors at a Major

Hospital in Saudi Arabia

Mohammed Aljamal

Prince Sultan Military Medical City, Riyadh, Saudi Arabia

Medication administration errors (MAEs) could be used as a method of

evaluating quality of care. Unfortunately there is no published study concern

this issue in Saudi Arabia. The aim of the study is to investigate the incidence

and type of medication errors in a tertiary hospital. The aim of the study is to

investigate the incidence and type of medication administration errors.

Methods: This is a cross-sectional, prospective study using a direct,

disguised observation method in a Female medical word at tertiary hospital.

This study is a cross sectional, prospective observational study that held in

tertiary hospital for one months. The observation held in all week days

involving morning (6 am), evening (6 pm) and night (10 pm) drug

administration time. All regularly schedule oral, inhaled, ophthalmic, injection,

topically and rectally doses were included. The nurses were accompanied by the

searcher the while administering the drug and all dispensed and administered

drugs were registered and subsequently compared with eligible prescriptions in

the nurse medication chart .Then any discrepancies were identified and

registered as an error.

Results: The Main outcome measures were the incidence and type of all

detected errors compared with the total number of opportunities for error.

During the study period, 2893 nurses' interventions were recorded .A total of

302 (10.4% of 2893 nurses' interventions) error were detected. Out of 169

errors, 59 were omission error and 8 were the wrong dose. the doses administer

were under doses.

Conclusion: Medical practice can be safer to patients if appropriate

technology and mechanisms that facilitate human work are used, and if

mechanisms that can detect and repair failures are implemented and maintained.

Technology cannot replace the personnel involved in patient care, but it can

organize and make the data available.

pg. 63

Abstract no. 457: Reinforcement of anchorage during orthodontic

brace treatment with implants or other surgical methods

Safa Jambi, Jonathan Sandler, Kevin O‘Brien

The School of Dentistry, University of Manchester

Background and objectives: The control of anchorage is integral to

successful orthodontic treatment. The objective of this Cochrane systematic

review was to evaluate the anchorage potential of surgical anchorage devices.

Methods: The Cochrane systematic review was undertaken according to the

methods published in the Cochrane Handbook for Systematic Reviews of

Interventions, version 5.1.0.

Results: Statistically significant differences were found between the mean

values of distal molar movement when surgical anchorage and conventional

anchorage were compared.

Conclusions: Surgical anchorage is more effective than headgear without

the inherent risks and compliance issues. However, intraoral appliances used in

adolescence for distalisation of upper molars do not appear to have any

advantages over cervical headgear.

pg. 64

Abstract no. 492: The Development of a Protocol for Bone Marrow

Stem Cell Seeding with Calcium Sulphate Injectable Scaffolds

Randa Alfotawei1*, Kurt Naudi1, Matthew J. Dalby2, K. Elizabeth

Tanner3, Ashraf Ayoub1

1Glasgow University Dental Hospital & School

2Centre for Cell Engineering, University of Glasgow

3School of Engineering University of Glasgow

The objective of this study was to assess Bone Mesenchymal Stem Cells

(BMSCs) seeding into calcium sulphate hemihydrate/hydroxyapatite (CSH/HA)

injectable scaffold in vitro. BMSCs were mixed with the powder and liquid in 9

samples. In another 9 samples the paste was left to set for 20 minutes to form

calcium sulphate dihydrate/HA (CSD/HA). BMSCs were then directly seeded

on the CSD/HA samples.Determination of cell viability was assessed at 24 hrs,

72 hrs and 7 days using vital staining (Calcein-AM and Ethidium homodimer-1)

and MTT assay, immunofluoresent staining and SEM examination. Calcium

sulphate dihydrate/hydroxyapatite proved to be biocompatible once set and

encouraged the adherence and the survival of the bone marrow stem cells on the

surface. The material is now ready for preclinical application.

Abstract no. 800: Epigenetic Patterns of Human Preimplantation

Embryos in Fertile and Infertile Couples

Hanan A. Sultan, Fatima Santos, Wendy Dean, Suzanne Cawood

Joyce C. Harper

Three decades since the birth of first IVF baby, with more than eight million

babies born worldwide. ART Indications have been extended by the aid of

single cell diagnosis. This has emerged many social and ethical debits

worldwide. ART are considered to be safe. However, recent reports indicate that

epigenetic errors-imprinted genes- may be associated with ART. Whether this is

due to the infertility per se or the procedure itself is unknown. We wanted to

study and establish the normal pattern of DNA methylation and key histone

modifications in human preimplantation embryos; cumulus and granulosa cells;

and embryonic stem cells (hESC).

An immunofluoresence approach was used to investigate individual

embryos using 5MeC and H3K9me3 antibodies. Initially two mouse strains

(F1&MF1) were used to optimise the methods. All 9 human paternal pronuculei

were positive for H3K9me3, compared to only 20% of 65 mouse zygotes

pg. 65

studied. One hundred human blastocysts were studied from 2 groups (fertile

undergoing preimplantation genetic diagnosis and those with tubal factor

compared with those who had genetic infertility). There was a significant

difference between the two groups in terms of H3K9me3 markers more than

DNA methylation.

pg. 66

Aviation and Transportation Papers:

pg. 67

Abstract no. 247: What Atract Travellers to Buy Airline Tickets from

Airline Websites in Saudi Arabia?

Saleh Bukhari, Ahmad Ghoneim, Charles Dennis

Brunel University

University of Lincoln

There is still a lack of research in the area of online consumer behaviour

towards the online services provided by airline companies due to the specific

nature of travellers – being using the internet for different motivations and

buying specific kind of product (e-tickets). This study aims to measure

consumers‘ electronic satisfaction and intention to purchase tickets from

Airlines websites. The results provide better understanding on the factors that

attract travellers to adopt the most cost effective distribution channel for

Airlines (own website) for ticketing needs. The results should provide better

understanding on the factors that attract travellers to adopt the most cost

effective distribution channel for Airlines (own website) for ticketing needs. To

obtain the study objective, a review of the existing literature pertaining to e-

consumer behaviour, web quality, and travel and tourism streams where

conducted. A research on the existing market in Saudi Arabia and within

Airline Industry where also done. As a result, a conceptual framework is

developed with items covering 9 constructs: Information Quality (IQ), System

Quality (SQ), Perceived usefulness (PU), Perceived ease of use (PEOU),e-Trust

(ET), Airline reputation (AR), Price Perception (PP), e-Satisfaction (ES), and

Intention to Purchase (IP). A survey methodology was chosen to examine the

constructs and the relations within the framework. Findings would help decision

makers within airline companies to understand their customers‘ online

behaviour and enable enhancements and modifications to be made to their

airline storefront, hence ensuring the satisfaction of potential customers and

conversion of visitors into buyers.

pg. 68

Abstract no. 422: Wing Front Spar to Fuselage Frame Joint Design

Ahmad Nayef S Alsudairi, Phillip Stocking

Cranfield University

Wing to fuselage joint is one of the critical problems in aircraft structure

design. Because all of the lifting loads which produced by the wing are

transferred to the fuselage through that joint. The wing front spar carries the

highest amount of lifting loads, which is transferred to the fuselage through

certain frame. In this project a joint design problem of a small transport aircraft

was carried out. This project started by analysing the shear forces of a fuselage

frame member, then designing the frame, the frame-internal spar connection,

the internal front spar, internal-external front spar joint and the root of the

external front spar. Then, stress analysis of the structure was carried out

.Finally, engineering drawings of the product was produced.

pg. 69

Business and Economics Papers:

pg. 70

Abstract no. 18: Understanding the relationship among religious-beliefs

and BPM and Development of a Brand Personality Measurement (BPM)

Scale for an Islamic Context, with specific reference to Saudi Arabia

Ali Homaid Al-hajla

Hull University, Business School

Characteristic branding such as brand personality, brand identity and brand

image has been regarded as a very significant branding methods in recent years

(Aaker, 1996a; Aaker, 1997a; Arora and Stoner, 2009). Brad personality as a

strategic branding tool has attracted a noticeable amount of attention because of

its ability to psychologically link a product to buyers through reflecting

customer‘s ideal personality or actual personality (Ekinci and Riley,

2003; Malär et al., 2011). It has been determined that religion influences

people‘s social personalities and consuming and purchasing behavior (Essoo

and Dibb, 2004; Fam et al., 2004). The research will investigate the relationship

between brand personality, religious beliefs and new product adoption and will

propose an appropriate brand personality scale for the context of Saudi Arabian

guided by theory of planned behavior and innovation diffusion theory. This

research will use focus groups and surveys to collect primary data.

pg. 71

Abstract no. 19: The Impact of the Customer on I.S. Project Escalation

From the Viewpoint of Agency Theory: A Study of Saudi I.S. Project

Managers

Wael A. Bukhary

University of Nottingham

Nottingham University Business School,

This research provides a new perspective to investigating the phenomenon

of project escalation in I.S. development by applying agency theory. As a result,

it has adopted the assumption that the customer suffers challenges of

incompetence when it comes to the transfer of knowledge to the developers. It

also investigates the process of knowledge transfer, in addition to identifying

the causes of unclear ideas and project escalation in I.S. development practice

by interviewing a number of I.S. project managers in Saudi Arabia. The analysis

provided a number of themes which could be grouped within two main

constructs, namely 'Knowledge Transfer' and 'Project Escalation'. Later, it

produced a causal network diagram which presents the relationships between

themes within the two main constructs.

pg. 72

Abstract no. 31: The Influence of Cultural Differences on the Design of

Diversity Training Practices

Hussain Alhejji, Thomas Garavan

Kemmy Business School

University of Limerick

The way in which organisations approach diversity training will be

influenced by the national cultural context within which the training takes place.

Diversity training practices that have evolved in a Western cultural context may

have limited applicability in a non-Western culture. (Aycan et al, 2000). There

is however a significant gap in the literature in terms of understanding diversity

training from a cross cultural perspective. This paper will review the literature

on the cross cultural perspective and explore how this perspective informs us as

to the purposes, processes and outcomes of diversity training. It will engage

with the notion that the concepts of diversity and diversity training are culturally

situated and may have meanings that are unique to that cultural context. It will

identify propositions for further research and explore the practical implications

of the cross cultural perspective for the design of diversity training programmes.

pg. 73

Abstract no. 33:Expatriates in Saudi Arabia: Motives and Experiences.

A Comparative Study between Self-Initiated and Conventional

Expatriates’

Saeed Turki Alshahrani, Michael Morley

University of Limerick

Self-initiated expatriates have been relatively overlooked in literature and

most current studies on SEs are presented from developed countries‘

perspectives (Inkson et al. 1997, Suutari and Brewster 2000, Biemann and

Andresen 2010, Selmer and Lauring 2011). With Saudi Arabia as the research

context, the aim of this study is to fill a gap in the literature on self-initiated

expatriates by employing a comparative approach to explore differences and

similarities between conventional expatriates (CEs) and SEs in terms of their

motives, experiences and cross-cultural adjustment. This paper presents a

contextual overview of Saudi Arabia as a location in which to live and work

and proposes a model that can be used to examine both CEs and SEs from

different perspectives.

pg. 74

Abstract no. 42: Reverse Logistics: Outsourcing Reverse Logistics in

Emerging Economy Evidence from the Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Mohammed Alnuwairan,

King Faisal University, Saudi Arabia

Munirah Almousa, Stephen Eldridge

Manchester Business School, University of Manchester

Reverse logistics in most emerging economic countries is in the early stage.

Thus engaging in reverse logistics activities is very costly. The purpose of this

paper is to examine and explore the usage of third party reverse logistics

providers services in Saudi Arabia. In particular, the current practice of reverse

flow of product that done by third party provider in remanufacturers sector in

Saudi Arabia. The research is exploratory in nature and two organizations were

identified as appropriate case studies. These organizations were drawn from the

plastics and oil and processing industries. Secondary data collection, direct

observation, and elite interviewing methods were used in the case studies in

order to test the existing literature on the topic. Applications of reverse logistics

appear to be driven predominantly by economic factors and are highly

dependent on the capability provided by third party logistics service providers.

Supply chains tend to operate as open loops with recycled /reusable products

being supplied to secondary markets. Third party logistics provider plays an

important role of the following: reducing the cost of reverse logistics,

collection, sorting and transportation. The two organizations are very satisfied

with outsourcing reverse logistics activities.

pg. 75

Abstract no. 51: An exploration of the role of culture in the building of

Business-to-Business relationships in the Saudi Telecom Market.

Waheed Ibrahim Baghdadi, Prof. Jillian Farquhar

The impact of culture in marketing relationships has become more

significant as companies expand into global markets. Understanding the nature

of relationships across cultures is therefore critical to organizational expansion.

Saudi culture has a significant impact on relationships in B2B marketing in

business, especially in the telecommunications industry, where both the

majority of clients and employees are Saudis. The imperatives for change and

adjustments in MR will affect STC as they will other indigenous

telecommunications companies. The purpose of this paper is to examine

existing cross-cultural marketing theory developed in a business-to-consumer

(B2C) context to apply this theory in a B2B context, by investigating B2B

relationships in Saudi Telecom Company (STC), a key telecommunications

company in Saudi Arabia with hundreds of partners. The investigation adopts a

case study research strategy approach to explore how a growing middle-eastern

telecommunications company absorbs cultural awareness into its B2B

relationships. Data was elicited by interviewing 29 STC partners, and accessing

and analysing secondary data from the company. The findings to date suggest

that as the company grows it needs to develop B2B cross-cultural awareness at

both a local and global level. Understanding the role of culture in the building

of B2B relationships will make a significant contribution and be of great value

for both academics and practitioners to expand their interest in the Middle East.

The commercial gains to be acquired by STC and the Saudi telecommunications

industry as a whole may be massive.

pg. 76

Abstract no. 59: Control Mechanisms of Multinational Enterprises

(MNEs) over their Subsidiaries: An empirical analysis

Jaithen Alharbi

Brunel University

This paper investigates the types and extent of controls utilized by

Headquarters on their subsidiary units and affiliates in Saudi Arabia. Using

cross-sectional data on 147 subsidiaries and univariate hypothesis testing,

results offer some support for previous findings on the positive relationship

between size of subsidiaries and control by socialization, as well as differences

between organizational cultures based on country of origin. However, prior

research predicting higher levels of formalized decision making for American

MNEs and lower autonomy overall compared to Japanese ones is contradicted

by the data. Furthermore, significant differences between German and other

European firms on the extent of controls used as found by prior research were

not replicable.

pg. 77

Abstract no. 70: How much does risk aversion determine volatility in a

developing financial market: Evidence from Saudi Arabia

Ayman F. Alfi, Tapas Mishra, Alan Speight

School of Business, Swansea University

Investors‘ attitude towards risk taking behavior is one of the key

determinants of possible volatility pattern in financial markets. The attitude

itself, however, differs significantly between developed and developing markets

given the amount of uncertainty they face with regard to market imperfection

and available information. This paper provides an in depth study of the extent to

which the attitude of risk aversion behavior in a developing financial market

contributes towards volatility. To this end, we employ a range of tests building

on the basic GARCH-M procedure, estimate risk aversion parameter and study

the movement of risk aversion parameter over time. Saudi Arabia‘ financial

market has been taken as a case of empirical illustration. It is shown that the

risk-aversion parameter is time-varying which embeds information from the

changing economic environment. Moreover, it is also argued that in such a

market, given characteristic volatility with respect to imperfection and

incomplete information, it is hard to predict the exact pattern of volatility.

pg. 78

Abstract no. 77: Islamic Equity Funds Critical Investigation in the

Saudi Arabian Market

Mohammed Waleed Alswaidan*

University of Portsmouth

The aftermath of the financial crisis created much attention for the financial

industry from different aspects. One of these aspects is the developing of the

Islamic finance system which shows better returns than the Conventional

system in some perspectives. This study aims to gives a snapshot of the Islamic

Finance equity funds by critically evaluating the practical field of the Islamic

Finance system in the Saudi Market. The study results found that the Islamic

Equity Funds have expanding its market share in the Saudi Market up to 40% in

2012. It has grown fast in the Saudi Arabian Market. Furthermore, the

distinctive advantage of the Islamic Finance over Conventional Finance systems

leads investors to emphasise the Islamic system in the industry. This study

attempts to highlight a critical understanding of Islamic Equity Funds and gives

interesting recommendations to the industry on aspects for improvement.

pg. 79

Abstract no. 82: Does The Stock Market Overreact? Emberecal

Evidence from London Stock Exchange (LSE)

Faten Alsadun

Plymouth, Devon