The Effects of IBA and H 2 O 2 on Rooting of 2 Olive Cultivars

Abstract

Two groups of olive cultivars were characterized as showing low (Tokhmkabki) and high (Roghani) rooting percentage after application of IBA treatment. Semi-hard wood cuttings were dipped in H 2 O 2 (0-3.5% w/v) and IBA (4000 mg.l -1) and also they were investigated in combination. H 2 O 2 alone did not stimulate rooting of olive cuttings and there were no significant differences between this treatment and control in both cultivars. It was obvious that IBA treatments increased the rooting percentage, number of root cuttings, root length and root fresh\dry weight in 2 olive cultivars but the combination of IBA and H 2 O 2 in some factors was more effective but there were no significant differences when IBA was used instead of in both cultivars.

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J. Chemical Health Risks, 1(1): 35-38, 2011
35
Journal of Chemical Health Risks 1(1): 35-38, 2011
The Effects of IBA and H2O2 on Rooting of 2 Olive Cultivars
E. Asl moshtaghi*, A.R. Shahsavar
Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture,Shiraz University, Shiraz, Iran.
Abstract: Two groups of olive cultivars were characterized as showing low (Tokhmkabki) and high
(Roghani) rooting percentage after application of IBA treatment. Semi-hard wood cuttings were dipped in
H2O2 (0-3.5% w/v) and IBA (4000 mg.l-1) and also they were investigated in combination. H2O2 alone did
not stimulate rooting of olive cuttings and there were no significant differences between this treatment and
control in both cultivars. It was obvious that IBA treatments increased the rooting percentage, number of
root cuttings, root length and root fresh\dry weight in 2 olive cultivars but the combination of IBA and H2O2
in some factors was more effective but there were no significant differences when IBA was used instead of
in both cultivars.
Keywords: Olive, Rooting, Auxins, Hydrogen Peroxide
INTRODUCTION
The traditional methods used for olive
multiplication since ancient times are the purely
asexual method of propagation (using suckers or
cuttings) and later on the method of grafting
seedlings. The main techniques which are now
used commercially for olive propagation are
rooting of cuttings (Fontanazza, 1996; Cetintas
gerakakis, 2005).Rooting hormones should be
applied to the base of cuttings to increase overall
rooting percentages, hasten root initiation,
increase the number and quality of roots and
encourage uniformity of rooting. The most
widely used hormone is Indole butyric acid
(IBA) (Wiesman and Epstein, 1987; Dauod et al.,
1989; Fernandes Serrano, 2002; Cetintas
gerakakis, 2005; Ozelbaykal and Gezerel, 2005;
Bartolini et al., 2008).
In fact, Rugini and Fedeli (1990) reported that
the biggest problem in vegetative propagation, in
some species of olive is the low ability of
regeneration leading to low percentage of
rooting. All Mediterranean countries have one or
two economically very important but difficult to
root olive cultivars. In this research we used
"Roghani"(high rooting ability) and
"Tokhmkabki" (low rooting ability) cultivars.
Various attempts have been made to enhance
rooting ability of olive cultivars with different
methods of IBA application.
The present study was carried out to investigate
the rooting ability of two local olive cultivars
(Roghani and Tokhmkabki) in response to H2O2
3.5% alone and combined with IBA 4000 mg.l-1.
MATERIALS AND METHODS
Olive cuttings of the Roghani (easy-to-root) and
Tokhmkabki (hard-to-root), which are important
for black and green table olive cultivars in Iran,
were prepared in 12-15 cm length and with 3-4
leaves, in May. Indol-3-butyric acid (IBA)
solution at 4000 mg l⎯1were freshly prepared
dissolving IBA powder (Sigma, St. Louis, Mo,
USA) in an alcohol/water solution. And
hydrogen peroxide 3.5% (w/v) solution was
prepared diluting a 35 %( w/v) H2O2 stock
solution in distilled water. Semi-hardwood
cuttings were immediately treated by dipping
2cm of their basal ends in the IBA without H2O2
(IBA 4000 mg l⎯1, 0: control) and compared with
cuttings dipped in H2O2 solution without IBA
(H2O2 3.5 %, 0: control) and also treated with
combination of IBA and H2O2. All of cuttings
were placed in basal-heated benches that were
filled with perlite and maintained at a constant
temperature of (23±2oC). The benches were
placed in to a polyethylene green house, the
Corresponding Author: Elham Aslmoshtaghi, Department of Horticultural Science, College of Agriculture,
Shiraz University. Email:emoshtaghi11@gmail.com

J. Chemical Health Risks, 1(1): 35-38, 2011
36
green house air temperature ranged between 16
oC and 26 oC and the relative humidity was
maintained at approximately 50%.
Sampling of semi-hard wood cuttings was
performed approximately 120 days after the
beginning of the rooting treatments and each
cutting was scored for rooting percentage,
number of roots, length of the roots, roots
fresh/dry weight. Twenty cuttings per plot,
replicated 4 times were used for each treatment.
Data were statistically analyzed using MSTATC.
Analysis of variance was performed to separate
means and significant differences were
determined with Duncan’s multiple range tests at
P ≤ 0.05.
RESULTS AND DISCUSSION
Our results show that the application 4000 mg.l-1
IBA improved the rooting percentage in two
olive cultivars in comparison with control. Olive
rooting is apparently related to the genotype: in
fact, the two genotypes used in this study have
shown different rooting abilities. Combined
application of IBA with H2O2 significantly
promoted the rooting of cuttings according to
untreated ones, but the rooting was low compared
to the IBA alone. The highest rooting quality was
obtained on "Roghani" cuttings treated with 4000
mg.l-1 IBA with a mean root number of 14.06.
The mean number of root in "Roghani" was
higher than that in "Tokhmkabki" (Table 1).
Table 1. Rooting, Number of roots, Root length and Root fresh/dry weight treated with IBA and H2O2 alone and combination of
them in "Roghani" cultivar.
Treatments
Rooting (%) Number of roots Roots
Length (cm)
Roots fresh weight
(g)
Roots dry weight
(g)
control 15b* 4.42b 5.5b 0.83b 0.14b
H2O2 3.5% 17.5b 4.32b 5.75b 0.78b 0.11b
IBA 4000 (mg.l-
1) 68a 14.06a 15.5a 3.41a 1.62a
H2O2 3.5%
+ IBA 4000(mg.l-
1)
66.25a 13.78a 16.11a 3.26a 1.51a
*Mean values within a column with same letter are not significantly different based on Duncan's multiple range test (P < 0.05).
The highest rooting quality was obtained on
"Tokhmkabki" cuttings treated with IBA 4000
mg.l-1 + H2O2 3.5% with a mean root number of
9.53. Moreover, "Tokhmkabki" rooting quality
could be significantly improved by IBA+ H2O2 in
comparison to control. But this treatment did not
differ from IBA alone (Table 2).
Table 2. Rooting, Number of roots, Root length, and Root fresh/dry weight treated with IBA and H2O2 alone and combination of them
in "Tokhmkabki" cultivar.
Treatments
Rooting (%) Number of roots Roots
Length (cm)
Roots fresh
weight (g)
Roots dry weight
(g)
control 5b* 1.27b 2.7b 0.13b 0.08b
H2O2 3.5% 6.5b 1.41b 3.01b 0.10b 0.06b
IBA 4000
(mg.l-1) 24.5a 9.32a 10.9a 2.02a 0.47a
H2O2 3.5%
+ IBA 4000(mg.l-1) 23.75a 9.53a 9.63a 2.18a 0.55a
*Mean values within a column with same letter are not significantly different based on Duncan's multiple range test (P < 0.05).

J. Chemical Health Risks, 1(1): 35-38, 2011
37
Auxin is well known to stimulate root formation
of the cuttings (Hartmann and Kester, 1990;
Khattak et al., 2001). Adventitious root initiation
in olive cuttings can be stimulated by auxins,
particularly indol-3-butyric acid (IBA) but in
difficult-to-root cultivars, the auxin either fails to
promote rooting or promotes it only slightly
(Serrano et al., 2002). The majority of the
cultivars showed a moderate or low rooting
ability even in response to IBA treatment. The
difficulty of rooting in some cultivars was
partially attributed to the presence of continuous
sheath of sclerenchyma cells (Centeno and
Gomez-del-Campo, 2008) or to the increase in
cortex thickness during rooting forming
mechanical barrier to emergence of root initials.
The maximum number of roots in IBA treated
may be due to its effect on cell wall turgidity,
which accelerates cell division (Rahman et al.,
2002) The effectiveness of auxin to raise rooting
percentage of the cuttings could be through
increasing cambial activity and differentiation of
root primordial (Davies and Joiner, 1980) or by
stimulating redistribution and mobilization of
some auxin cofactors towards base of the
cuttings. Auxin-induced root formation requires
cell division and appears to involve delaying or
reversal of senescence process. These results
confirm with the several finding like Wiesman
and Markus, 2002; Serrano et al., 2002; Pio et
al., 2005 ; Rahman et al., 2002, and differ from
Sebastiani and Tognetti, 2004 in which IBA+
H2O2 had significantly higher root number in
comparison with those treated with IBA alone in
"Frantoio" and "Gentile di Larino".
Root elongation was also induced with these
treatments (IBA+ H2O2) and roots reached a
length significantly higher than those of untreated
cuttings in both cultivars. Successful rooting of
cuttings is determined both by the number of
roots formed and by root elongation and growth
(Hartmann and Kester, 1990). No significant
differences were found in roots fresh and dry
weight when IBA+ H2O2 was applied in
comparison with IBA alone in both cultivars. The
lowest root fresh and dry weights were found in
control cuttings. In the current study, treatments
with 3.5 % H2O2 were not significantly higher
than that of untreated cuttings in 2 cultivars in all
parameters that measured. The combination of
IBA and H2O2 in some factors was more effective
than IBA alone but this treatment did not differ
from IBA alone in 2 cultivars. Exogenously
applied H2O2 might have been ineffective in
rooting of these 2 cultivars (Table 1, 2).
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