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Cucujoidea, Latreille, 1802
... The superfamily Cucujoidea, consisting of over 10,000 described species in 26 families (Lord et al., 2010;Leschen & Ślipiński, 2010;Ślipiński et al., 2011;Alekseev, 2017), represents one of the taxonomically most challenging groups of beetles (Leschen et al., 2005;Leschen & Ślipiński, 2010). The superfamily has historically acted as a taxon of convenience for small brown beetles with clubbed antennae that were difficult to place elsewhere. ...
... The superfamily Cucujoidea, consisting of over 10,000 described species in 26 families (Lord et al., 2010;Leschen & Ślipiński, 2010;Ślipiński et al., 2011;Alekseev, 2017), represents one of the taxonomically most challenging groups of beetles (Leschen et al., 2005;Leschen & Ślipiński, 2010). The superfamily has historically acted as a taxon of convenience for small brown beetles with clubbed antennae that were difficult to place elsewhere. ...
Elucidating the phylogenetic affinities of enigmatic fossils is crucial for resolving the early diversification of the superfamily Cucujoidea, a diverse group of polyphagan beetles whose relationships remain contentious. The systematic position of the Cretaceous genus Pleuroceratos known from Burmese amber has been uncertain; the genus was previously placed into Silvanidae, Sphindidae, and Cucujoidea incertae sedis. Here we describe a new species, Pleuroceratos jiewenae sp. nov., from mid-Cretaceous Burmese amber and conduct a formal phylogenetic analysis to elucidate the position of the genus. We recover Pleuroceratos as nested within the family Phloeostichidae, represented in the modern fauna by four genera of fungivorous subcortical beetles with a highly disjunct distribution range. Pleuroceratos beetles are the sole fossil members of Phloeostichidae known to date and indicate that the family begun to diversify by the mid-Cretaceous.
Two new genera and two species of Desmiphorini are described from Mexico: Evrysoma cinereum gen. n., sp. n. from Querétaro and San Luis Potosí; Kuklimia balam gen. n., sp. n. from Chiapas. Diagnostic characters of the new species are discussed and photographs of the type material are provided. A key to Mexican genera of Desmiphorini is provided.
Fireflies are a family of charismatic beetles known for their bioluminescent signals. Recent anecdotal reports suggest that firefly populations in North America may be in decline. However, prior to this work, no studies have undertaken a systematic compilation of geographic distribution, habitat specificity, and threats facing North American fireflies. To better understand their extinction risks, we conducted baseline assessments according to the categories and criteria of the International Union for Conservation of Nature (IUCN) Red List for 132 species from the United States and Canada (approximately 79% of described species in the region). We found at least 18 species (14%) are threatened with extinction (e.g. categorized as Critically Endangered, Endangered, or Vulnerable) due to various pressures, including habitat loss, light pollution, and climate change (sea level rise and drought). In addition, more than half of the species (53%) could not be evaluated against the assessment criteria due to insufficient data, highlighting the need for further study. Future research and conservation efforts should prioritize monitoring and protecting populations of at-risk species, preserving and restoring habitat, gathering data on population trends, and filling critical information gaps for data deficient species suspected to be at risk.
The family Erotylidae belongs to the superfamily Cucujoidea, which are phytophagous and mycophagous. So far, only two representative complete mitochondrial (mt) genomes of Erotylidae have been sequenced. Mitochondrial genomes of Tritoma metasobrina, Neotriplax arisana, and Episcapha opaca, which all belong to the subfamily Erotylinae, were sequenced using next-generation sequencing technology to better understand the diversity of mt genomes of Erotylidae. A comparative mt genomic analysis was conducted on the three sequenced representatives of Erotylinae and Languriinae sp. (Languriinae). The size of the complete mt genome of the 4 species ranged from 15,581 bp to 16,502 bp in length, including 37 genes (13 protein-coding genes, 22 transfer RNAs, and 2 ribosomal RNAs) and the control region. The arrangements of their mt genomes are highly consistent with other Coleoptera species. The start codons of two PCGs (ND1 and ND5) and the stop codons of one PCG (ATP8) were illustrated differences between Languriinae sp. and the other three species. All tRNAs of these 4 species exhibited cloverleaf secondary structures except that the dihydorouridine (DHU) arm of tRNASer(AGN) was absent. The phylogenetic analyses using both Bayesian inference (BI) and maximum likelihood (ML) methods all supported that Erotylidae as monophyletic. Erotylinae was monophyletic being the sister group to Xenocelinae. Languriinae was closely related to ‘Erotylinae-Xenocelinae’. Our results recovered Languriinae nested within Erotylidae.
Cryptalaus nodulosus (Waterhouse, 1877), new combination is proposed for Alaus nodulosusWaterhouse, 1877. We provide the first precise collection records of this species and the first known specimens in 113 years. It is also recorded for the first time outside the Andaman Islands, from the Nicobar Islands, India. Cryptalaus nodulosus is redescribed along with illustrations of habitus, external morphology, and male genitalia.
Beetles, the most successful group of invertebrates on Earth, have a worldwide distribution and an outstanding fossil record. In addition, they are well known as inclusions in fossil resin. In historical studies of fossil material, specimens were often named and described without placing the taxa in an ecological context. However, the research philosophy for fossil beetles has changed over the past few years. In this article, we summarize the palaeoecological interpretations of fossil beetles from Cretaceous ambers, which includes species from 69 families, most of which were described during the last 3 years. By analysing current habits of those families, we argue that saproxylicity was the most common feeding strategy for these fossil beetles. More specifically, fungivorous species appear to dominate. In contrast, we find only anecdotal evidence for the presence of wood-boring groups, and it is thus necessary to identify alternative abiotic or biotic processes that are responsible for the copious resin production at this time. Finally, the recent description of some beetles as gymnosperm pollinators during the Cretaceous lends more weight to the importance of amber studies in addressing the role of beetles in the evolution of pollination strategies.
DNA barcoding has become an important aspect in biodiversity research, but is ineffective without comprehensive databases that can relate molecular sequences to scientific names. Hermit crabs, or paguroids, are an important component of the marine benthos, and are vastly under-studied in southern Africa, a globally important bioregion. The study provides 194 cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI) barcode sequences (> 550 bp) of 43 nominal and 12 putative species from 19 genera and four families of Paguroidea. Preliminary COI-based phylogenetic analysis suggested some overall pattern of monophyly in the Parapaguridae and Paguristes Dana, 1851 and Dardanus Paulˊson, 1875. Large groups in Diogenidae, however, such as Calcinus Dana, 1851 and Diogenes Dana, 1851, were recovered as poly-or paraphyletic. Testing the dataset for barcoding efficacy revealed that the technique can reach identification rates near 100% success. A barcoding gap was apparent for almost all but one problematic taxon. The optimum threshold range to discriminate between species for this set of data was calculated at 3.7-3.9%, although the overall mean intraspecific distance was well below 1%. Furthermore, glaucothoe larvae of two deep-water paguroids were matched to names in the new molecular library. The COI marker alone, however, did not provide clear species identifications in three problematic species, Areopaguristes cf. jousseaumei (Bouvier, 1892), Goreopagurus poorei Lemaitre & McLaughlin, 2003, and Pagurus cuanensis Bell, 1846. Despite the dataset having considerable species coverage of 55 total taxa, it is still estimated to be only about 50% complete in terms of the South African fauna. Future work should therefore increase coverage to other species in South Africa and expand geographic coverage for widely distributed species.
Our review recognizes 15 species of the integripennis species group of Geocharidius from Nuclear Central
America, include three species previously described (G. gimlii Erwin, G. integripennis (Bates) and G. zullinii
Vigna Taglianti) and 12 described here as new. They are: G. andersoni sp. n. (type locality: Chiapas,
Chiapas Highlands, Cerro Huitepec) and G. vignatagliantii sp. n. (type locality: Chiapas, Motozintla,
Sierra Madre de Chiapas, Benito Juárez) from Mexico; G. antigua sp. n. (type locality: Sacatepéquez, 5 km
SE of Antigua), G. balini sp. n. (type locality: Suchitepéquez, 4 km S of Volcan Atitlán), G. erwini sp. n.
(type locality: Quiché Department, 7 km NE of Los Encuentros), G. jalapensis sp. n. (type locality: Jalapa
Department, 4 km E of Mataquescuintla), G. longinoi, sp. n. (type locality: El Progreso Department,
Cerro Pinalón), and G. minimus sp. n. (type locality: Sacatepéquez Department, 5 km SE of Antigua)
from Guatemala; and G. celaquensis sp. n. (type locality: Lempira Department, Celaque National Park),
G. comayaguanus sp. n. (type locality: Comayagua Department, 18 km ENE of Comayagua), G. disjunctus
sp. n. (type locality: Francisco Morazán, La Tigra National Park), and G. lencanus sp. n. (type locality:
Lempira Department, Celaque National Park) from Honduras. For all members of the group, adult structural
characters, including male and female genitalia, are described, and a taxonomic key for all members
of the integripennis species group is presented based on these characters. Behavioral and biogeographical
aspects of speciation in the group are discussed, based on the morphological analysis. In all cases of sympatry,
pairs of closely related species show greater differences in sizes than pairs of more remotely related species. Integripennis group species occupy six different montane areas at elevations above 1300m, with
no species shared among them. Major faunal barriers in the region limiting present species distributions
include the Motagua Fault Zone and a gap between the Guatemalan Cordillera volcanic chain and the
Honduran Interior Highlands no higher than 900m in elevation. Highest species diversity is in the Guatematan
Cordillera (six species), second highest in the Honduran Interior Highlands area (four species).
We present a summary of the fossil evidence documenting the worldwide occurrence of the family Hydrophilidae (Insecta: Coleoptera: Polyphaga: Hydrophiloidea) in the Late Jurassic and Early Cretaceous. We present the first known fossils of the family from the Mesozoic, being c. 100 Myr older than the fossil record available until now. Two Late Jurassic fossils are documented: Protochares brevipalpis gen. nov., sp. nov. from the Talbragar Fish Bed (New South Wales, Australia) and ‘Mesosperchus’ schultzi Ponomarenko, 1985 from Solnhofen (Bavaria, Germany). The occurrence of the Hydrophilidae in the Early Cretaceous is documented by six species, all of which may be already assigned to modern subfamilies/tribes: Baissalarva hydrobioides gen. nov., sp. nov. from the Baissa outcrops (Buryat Republic, Russia) and Cretoxenus australis gen. nov., sp. nov. from Koonwarra outcrops (Victoria, Australia) are both assigned to the tribe Hydrobiusini (Hydrophilinae); Alegorius yixianus gen. nov., sp. nov. and Alegorius sp. from the Yixian Formation (Liaoning, China) may represent the Acidocerinae or Enochrinae, Hydroyixia elongata gen. nov., sp. nov. and H. latissima sp. nov. from the same locality are assigned to the Acidocerinae. The phylogenetic position of Baissalarva hydrobioides is also tested by a phylogenetic analysis. The presence of extant clades (Hydrophilinae: Hydrobiusini, Acidocerinae) in the Early Cretaceous and the wide distribution of the Hydrobiusini in both Gondwana and Laurasia at the same time suggests that the principal extant clades of the Hydrophilidae are at least of Early–Middle Jurassic origin. © 2014 The Linnean Society of London
One new genus and eight new species of anilline carabids are described from southern Mexico. The new genus, Zapotecanillus
gen. n., is established for Z. oaxacanus (type species) sp. n., Z. nanus
sp. n., Z. iviei
sp. n., Z. ixtlanus
sp. n., Z. montanus
sp. n., and Z. kavanaughi
sp. n. from the Sierra Madre de Oaxaca, Z. pecki
sp. n. from the Sierra Madre del Sur, and Z. longinoi
sp. n. from the Sierra Madre de Chiapas. A taxonomic key for all described species of Zapotecanillus and a cladistic analysis, based on morphological data, are provided. Morphological, behavioral and biogeographical aspects of the speciation in the genus obtained from the resulting cladogram are discussed.
The classification of the Languriidac is reviewed and a catalogue of the 98 described genera is provided. Salient adult characters and comments on the monophyly are discussed for each family group. Notes on the taxonomic status of genera are included and type species are designated for Glisonotha Motschulsky (Glysonotha setosa Motschulsky), Lacertobelus Gorham (Lacertobelus dentipes Gorham), Leptolanguria Fowler (Languria longicollis Fowler), Loberolus Grouvelle (Loberolus agilis Grouvelle), Ortholanguroides Fowler (Ortholanguroides egensis Fowler), and Philophlaeus Germain (Philophlacus aeneus Germain). Two generic names proposed are Slipinskiella, new name (type species: Languria dimidiata Guérin-Méneville; fifty new combinations) and Crowsonguptus, new name (type species: Coelocryptus mexicanus Sharp; four new combinations). One specific name is proposed: Hapalips investigatus new name (for Hapalips fuscus (Lea) new combination, nee Hapalips fuscus Reitter). New generic synonymies are given as follows: Cathartocryptus Sharp (= Xenoseelinus Grouvelle; seven new combinations), Isolanguria Lea (= Hapalips Reitter; one new combination) and Tetraphala Sturm (= Tetralanguria Crotch, = Tetralanguroides Fowler, = Metabelus Gorham; twenty three new combinations). The genera Stenodina Fairmaire and Fitoa Dajoz are transferred from Endomychidac to Languriidac. The species name Pachylanguria paivae Wollaston is corrected to Pachylanguria paivai.
Arrowcryptus n. gen. is described for Thallis jucunda Arrow, 1936 and Arrowcryptus skelleyi, n. sp. The genus is unique among erotylids by having a dilated ovipositor with a sclerotised, hook-like gonostyle with basal setae. Arrowcryptus is placed in the subfamily Xenoscelinae based on the dicondylic meso-metaventral articulation, basal pronotal pits absent, partial externally-closed procoxal cavities, tarsomeres not strongly lobed below, and submesocoxal lines absent. Absence of stridulatory files, presence of prosternai, mesoventral, and abdominal glandular ducts, presence of submetacoxal lines, will distinguish Arrowcryptus from all members of Xenoscelinae.
New distributional records and observations of the gregarious behavior for Aegithus melaspis from Mexico are provided.
The constitutions of the languriid genera Empocryptus Sharp and Pseudhenoticus Sharp are considered based on characters present in these and the subfamilies Toraminae and Cryptophilinae. Lepidotoramus, new genus (type species Lepidotoramus grouvellei, new species) associated with a lepidopteran cocoon is described. Based on a cladistic analysis, Pseudhenoticus is removed from Xenoscelinae and placed into synonymy with Empocryptus (resulting in 11 new combinations) and is sister taxon to Lepidotoramus. Lobosternum Reitter is sister taxon to Lepidotoramus + Empocryptus. The members of the Empocryptus group are reviewed and a key to its genera is provided. Biological information is briefly reviewed for each genus.
The new genus Rhamphidera Skelley (type species: Chasmatodera perplexa Skelley) is described. New species described are Rhamphidera eureka Skelley and Chasmatodera mystica Skelley. A key to, and descriptions of, the members of Rhamphidera Skelley and Chasmatodera Arrow are presented. Label data indicate that Rhamphidera eureka lives with fungus growing termites, Protermes prorepens (Sjöstedt) (Isoptera: Termitidae). Similarly modified structures of other species in these genera indicate they are also termitophilous.
The Mexican and northern Central American genus Scaphengis Gorham is transferred from the subfamily Erotylinae to the subfamily Encaustinae, representing the first record of this subfamily in the New World. This paper contains descriptions of eight new species, a key, a distribution map and illustrations to aid in species determinations of this previously monotypic genus. The new species described are: S. auk Skelley; S. dodo Skelley; S. emu Skelley; S. kakapo Skelley; S. kiwi Skelley; S. moa Skelley S. rhea Skelley; S. takahe Skelley.
The 12 genera of the Thalycra complex are reviewed, diagnosed, and keyed. The group is related to the Pocadius complex (based on larval and adult morphology) and is characterized by the following adult characters in combination: body form elongate and convex, pronotal and elytral margins narrowly cxplanale, vestiture of setae relatively sparse, length of antennomere 11 smaller than 9 and 10 combined, and metacoxae approximate with a moderately narrow inter-coxal process. Three genera arc described as new. Pocadiolyera Kircjtshuk and Leschen, gen. nov. (type species: Pocadiolyera peruensis Kirejtshuk and Leschen, sp. nov.; P. guyanaensis Kirejtshuk, sp. nov.), Tagmalyera Kirejtshuk and Leschen, gen. nov. (type species: Tagmalyera ashei Kirejtshuk and Leschen, sp. nov.) and Thalyerinella Kirejtshuk, gen. nov. (type species: Neothalyera latitibialis Audisio and Kirejtshuk, 1983), The species Quadrifrons castaneus Blatchley, 1910 (= Cychramus zimmermani Horn 1879, new synonymy), Pocadionta dentipes (Grouvelle, 1898), and Pleuroneees montanus Olliff, 1891 are redescribed. Biological information is summarized for each genus while fungal host relationships are emphasized. Members of Thalycra Erichson, and possibly Quadrifrous Blatchley, are specialists on hypogean fungi while the related genera Pocadiolyera and Tagmulycra are specialists on Agaricaeeae. New New Zealand records for the species Thalyerodes (instralis (Blackburn) are provided.
A total of 47 species are included in a revisionary treatment of Pocadius Erichson. Twenty-one species are redescribed, P. yunnanensis Grouvelle is resurrected, and 25 are described as new, including: P. antennuliferus (Brazil), P. ashei (Bolivia), P. barclayi (Sulawesi), P. bicolor (Brazil), P. carltoni (Nicaragua), P. centralis (Central America), P. cocliabambus (Bolivia), P. coxus (Brazil), P. crypsis (Guyana), P. dominicus (Dominican Republic), P. endroedyi (southern Africa), P. falini (Paraguay), P. fasciatus (Borneo), P. femoralis (Vietnam), P. fusiformis (Sulawesi), P. globularis (Honduras), P. insularis (Trinidad), P. kirejtshuki (Australia), P. luisalfredoi (Mexico), P. nigerrimus (Paraguay), P. okinawaensis (Okinawa), P. pecki (Venezuela), P. peruensis (Peru), P. tepicensis (Mexico), P. wappesi (Bolivia). An adult and larval description for the genus also is provided and its phylogenetic position within Nitidulinae discussed. A key to all species is included, as well as a checklist of species and their distributions.
Seven species in 3 genera (Byturus, Xerasia, Byturodes) are recognized for the family Byturidae in Asia. Distributions and relationships are discussed; a diagnostic key is provided. -from Authors
Pronotum broader than head; shape subquadrate, excavated in front for reception of head, angles borders strongly margined laterally; surface smooth or punctate; pleural region broad; prosternum broad in front of coxae with intercoxal process broad; procoxal cavities closed behind. Mesosternum subquadrate to transversely subrectangular; mesepimeron not reaching coxae; mesocoxal cavities closed behind. Metasternum somewhat wider than long in most. Legs with trochantins hidden; procoxae flat, globular, separate; mesocoxae globular separate; metacoxae triangular, separate; trochanters triangular, inter-stitial; femora weakly swollen; tibiae flattened, carinate, apically enlarged and with small apical spurs; tarsal formula 5-5-5, fourth tarsomere small in many, first three tarsomeres more or less broad and pubescent beneath; claws simple. Scutellum subcordate to pentagonal. Elytra entire, apically rounded; striae punctate, or surface smooth; intervals sparsely punctulate, a few smooth or confusedly punctate with large black impressions or small punctures; epipleural fold well developed. Wing has a dark, medial fleck (shagreened oval spot) near distal edge; two closed cells occur, an elongate wedge cell and a triangular radial cell; five veins nearly reach the hind edge of the wing; folding pattern with median area normal; anal lobe sessile.
The systematic position of the genus Parandrexis for which a new family is proposed, is discussed. Two new species, P. rotundicollis and P. subtilis, are described, the type species P. parvula Martynov is redescribed, and an identificaiton table of the species of this genus is presented. -Journal summary
The Australian members of the coccinellid tribe Sticholotidini are revised. The tribe in Australia consists of the genus Sticholotis Crotch and a new monotypic genus Chaetolotis gen. nov. (type species: Ch. amy sp. nov) and is restricted in its distribution to the tropical and subtropical parts of Queensland and coastal New South Wales. Nesolotis Miyatake, 1966 and Paranesolotis Hoang, 1982 are synonymised with Sticholotis Crotch, 1874 (new synonyms). Among five currently recognized species of Sticholotis in Australia, three are described as new (S. culleni, S. cooloola, S. tozer). Gymnoscymnus explanatus Blackburn, 1895 is synonymised with G. quadrimaculatus Blackburn, 1892 (=Sticholotis quadrimaculata). The lectotypes are designated for: Gymnoscymnus explanatus Blackburn and Sticholotis redimita Weise. Nomenclatural history, diagnoses and distribution are provided for each species. Keys to the genera and species are also presented.
Adistemia okeefei Andrews, NEW SPECIES, is described from Costa Rica. Its relationship to the genera Adistemia and Dicastria is discussed.
The immature stages (first instar larva, mature larva and pupa) of the endomychid beetle Mycetina cruciata (Schaller) are described and illustrated.
Synopsis
This is a study of the functional morphology of the muscular and reproductive systems of the adult beetle, Atomaria ruficornis (Marsham) made by means of serial sections and dissections. An account is given of the skeleto-muscular system of the head, thorax and abdomen with reference to previous work in this sphere. Wherever possible, the muscles described have been homologized with those of other Coleoptera. In a small number of cases, it has been found necessary to use new names for muscles. The probable mode of action of the mouth-parts and foregut during feeding is described. An account is given of the reproductive organs and genitalia of both male and female beetles; the muscular system of the genitalia in both sexes is described fully, and the functioning of the genitalia is discussed.
Diomini, new tribe, is erected to contain Diomus Mulsant, 1850, Decadiomus Chapin, 1933, Heterodiomus Brèthes 1925, Magnodiomus gen. nov., and Erratodiomus gen. nov. Diomus apparitorius Weise and Diomus marchali Brèthes are placed in Heterodiomus; Diomus locuples Brèthes and Heterodiomus tetraspilotus Brèthes are junior synonyms of H. apparitorius. Scymnus (Scymnus) fonscolombii Mulsant, Scymnus politus Schaufuss, Scymnus pusillus Berg, and Pullus caseyi Brèthes are transferred to Diomus. Diomus assentator Brèthes is a junior synonym of D. tucumanus Weise, and Diomus messorius Brèthes is a junior synonym of D. pusillus (Berg). Scymnus (Diomus) morio Mulsant, Scymnus (Diomus) tardus Mulsant, Scymnus (Pullus) viaticus Mulsant, Diomus brasiliensis Brèthes, Diomus brasilicola Brèthes, Diomus gilvipes Mulsant, Diomus viator Brèthes, Diomus profectus Brèthes, and Diomus opportunus Brèthes are junior synonyms of Diomus seminulus (Mulsant). Newly described are one species of Magnodiomus, one species of Erratodiomus, two species of Heterodiomus, and 230 species of Diomus.
The genus Hesperobaenus LeConte in North America, north of Mexico, is reviewed. One new species is described, H. constricticollis, NEW SPECIES (type locality: Sabal Palm Grove Sanctuary, near Brownsville, Texas) and a new combination, H. unicolor (Casey), NEW COMBINATION is proposed. Hesperobaenus arizonicus Casey, NEW SYNONYM, is placed for the first time in synonymy with H. abbreviatus (Motschulsky). A key is provided for the discrimination of the species along with distributional maps and illustrations of the most important character states.
Two new species of Monocoryna (Coleoptera: Coccinellidae: Monocorynini) are described from the Philippines, Mindanao: Monocoryna nicolebertiae sp. nov. and M. philippinensis sp. nov. Monocoryna borneensis Arrow, 1926 is synonymized with Monocoryna moultoni (Sicard, 1913), and Monocoryna javanica Miyatake, 1988 with Monocoryna decempunctata Gorham. The lectotypes of Walteria (=Monocoryna) antennalis Sicard, 1913 and M. borneensis Arrow, 1926 are designated. A catalogue of all known Monocoryna is provided.
Larvae representing three genera of Leiestinae (Coleoptera, Endomychidae) are described and illustrated: Leiestes seminiger (Gyllenhal) (Poland, Białowieża National Park), Phymaphora pulchella Newman (USA, Virginia), and Rhanidea unicolor (Ziegler) (USA, New Jersey). The larval characters of Endomychidae and its subfamilies are discussed, and the key to the known genera is provided. The larval characters show only partial congruence with the recent family classification based on the adult data.
Eggs, larval instars and pupae of Psvllobora gratiosa Mader, 1958 are described and illustrated using scanning electron micrographs. Some notes about the life habits are also provided.
The endemic Hawaiian nitidulid genus Apetasimus is revised and a key to species provided. Originally described for a single species, Apetasimus involucer, five new species are described and five species are moved from the endemic Hawaiian genus Orthostolus. The following new species are described: Apetasimus conditus sp. nov., A. ganeademus sp. nov., A. abstrusus sp. nov., A. pleomelarrosus sp. nov., and A. debbiae sp. nov. Six species previously assigned to Orthostolus and the monotypic Cyrtostolus are moved to Apetasimus; Apetasimus guttatus comb. nov., Apetasimus sordidus comb. nov., Apetasimus expers comb. nov., Apetasimus atratus comb. nov., Apetasimus kauaiensis comb. nov., and Apetasimus subalatus comb. nov. Apetasimus are arranged in three species groups: pleomelarrosus-group, involucer-group, and guttatus-group. The involucer-group is characterized by brachyptery, and are rarely collected. The pleomelarrosus-group is fully winged and one species, A. pleomelarrosus, is locally abundant on Kauai. One member of the guttatus-group, A. subalatus, is brachypterous. All guttatus-group species are presumed extinct, with the last known collection in 1935.
An illustrated key to the larvae of 46 of the 60 genera of North American Coccinellidae is presented. The 14 genera not included are Blaisdelliana Gordon, Brumoides Chapin, Ceratomegilla Crotch, Decadiomus Chapin, Didion Casey, Exoplectra Mulsant, Gnathoweisea Gordon, Helesius Casey, Hyperaspidius Crotch, Macronaemia Casey, Nipus Casey, Pseudoazya Gordon, Selvadius Casey, and Zilus Mulsant.
Specific distributional data for Psilopyga fasciata in México is provided and new hosts records are included for Oxycnemus rostrosus, and P. fasciata from México, and P. histrina, and P. nigripennis from the United States.