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Compendium of Bivalves 2. A full-color guide to the remaining seven families. A systematic listing of 8'500 bivalve species and 10'500 synonyms
Abstract
This book completes "Compendium of Bivalves, Volume 1" published in 2010. It adds the 7 families (Thyasiridae, Lucinidae, Galeommatidae, Tellinidae, Cyrenidae, Ungulinidae, Teredinidae) missing from volume 1. It contains major additions and rectifications to the families treated in 2010. It completes the tabulation of biodiversity and biogeography of global Bivalvia. The book now contains the data and synonyms of all marine and brackish water bivalves recognized by the author. Overall 8'500 valid species and 10'500 additional synonymous names are systematically listed with all data currently available. Altogether 45 new species, 33 new genera, 6 new subfamilies and 1 new family are proposed within this book.
... Coan et al. (2000) and Coan & Valentich-Scott (2012) considered Thyasira barbarensis (Dall, 1890) and possibly T. tokunagai to be synonyms of the North Atlantic species T. flexuosa. Huber (2015) claimed that T. gouldii and T. flexuosa from Primoriye should be identified as T. barbarensis, originally described from Santa Barbara Island (276 fathoms in depth) in California. Moreover, according to him, T. tokunagai is endemic to Japan, living in shallower water than T. barbarensis. ...
... Most Japanese malacologists treated Philis as a subgenus of Thyasira (e.g., Habe, 1951Habe, , 1977Higo et al., 1999;Okutani, 2017). However, Huber (2015) stressed the existence of a distinct "chondrophore" beneath the umbo and separated Philis as a genus from Thyasira. Although some Thyasira species has also a small node or "pseudoteeth" beneath the umbo as in T. tokunagai (Fig. 6A), based on our SEM observation, we follow the Huber's opinion and separate Philis as an independent genus. ...
... Among these, Thyasira inadai n. sp. is in the upper sublittoral depth to upper bathyal depth (11-1,075 m) of the Japan Sea, Bohai Bay and Yellow Sea and has not been found on the Pacific side (see above). On the other hand, the smaller species T. tokunagai is endemic to the Japanese region, as stated by Huber (2015). It has been recorded from the sublittoral to uppermost bathyal depth (3-250 m) in the Japan Sea and Pacific Ocean around Japan, and Japan Sea side of Korea (Kuroda et al., 1971;Ito et al., 1986;Min et al., 2004;Lutaenko & Noseworthy, 2012;Lutaenko, 2014;Lutaenko et al., 2021). ...
A new thyasirid bivalve, Thyasira inadai n. sp., is described from the Japan Sea. This species lives in the Japan Sea and Yellow Sea and can be separated from the relatively shallower-water dwelling T. tokunagai Kuroda & Habe, 1951 by having a larger shell, a long and narrow auricle, a medial flattened area, an excavated lunule demarcated by an incision, a narrow apical angle and a larger prodissoconch. Based on the size of the prodissoconch and on molecular data, T. inadai n. sp. is related to the north Atlantic species, T. gouldii (Philippi, 1845). This phylogenic relationship is likely due to migration through the Bering Strait, which has opened since the latest Miocene.
... "Said to inhabit canals" Remarks The number of specimens provided by Cantor was not noted in Benson's original description, although he later stated that only dead shells had been collected(Benson, 1855a: 138). Sanguinolaria iridescens has recently been designated as the type species of the new genus IridonaHuber, Langleit & Kreipl, 2015. Iridona iridescens lives in East China but its broader distribution is unclear due to confusion with similar species(Huber et al., 2015: 629).Genus Novaculina Benson, 1830Novaculina gangetica Benson, 1830"Anodonta ? ...
... Villorita) is in urgent need of revision. 74 The generic use of Iridona Huber, Langleit & Kreipl, 2015 with I. iridescens as its type species follows Huber et al. (2015). 75 Novaculininae has recently been synonymized with Pharellinae (Bolotov et al., 2018b). ...
... Villorita) is in urgent need of revision. 74 The generic use of Iridona Huber, Langleit & Kreipl, 2015 with I. iridescens as its type species follows Huber et al. (2015). 75 Novaculininae has recently been synonymized with Pharellinae (Bolotov et al., 2018b). ...
... The family Mytilidae Rafinesque, 1815 is a cosmopolitan group, worldwide distributed (Bernard et al., 1993;Coan et al., 2000;Coan & Valentich-Scott, 2012;Von Cosel & Gofas, 2019;Huber 2010Huber , 2015Rios, 2009;Valentich-Scott et al., 2020) with more than 300 valid species (MolluscaBase, 2022). This is a diverse group adapted from shallow to deep waters. ...
... Kleemann & Maestrati (2012) redefined again Leiosolenus as a subgenus of Lithophaga recognizing that generic separation was still confusing. Despite this, Huber (2015) continued treating Leiosolenus as a valid genus based on genetic analysis made by different authors (Owada, 2007;Liu et al., 2018;Audino et al., 2020). ...
... The suggested subgenera included within Leiosolenus are not definitive. Huber (2015) recognized the subgenera Leiosolenus s. s., Diberus Dall (1898), Labis Dall (1916), Myoforceps P. Fischer (1886Fischer ( in 1880Fischer ( -1887 and Stumpiella Soot-Ryen (1955) based on the pattern of calcareous depositions that cover shell´s surface. The biodiversity of boring Mytilidae was widely studied and their shell morphology was defined by Owada (2007) as lithophagiform based on the relation of different measures, such as length, height, width and vectors related to the byssal retractor muscles. ...
The taxonomic status and anatomy of Leiosolenus (Labis) patagonicus (d'Orbigny, 1846 in 1834-1847) has been revised. This boring bivalve, belonging to the family Mytilidae, is the only Lithophaginae species distributed along the Argentinean coast. None of the fossil species mentioned for this area must be considered as a synonym of d'Orbigny´s species. Leiosolenus patagonicus is characterized by a thin shell, longitudinally elongated, with subterminal umbos and commarginal striae. The calcareous depositions on the outer surface of the shell are extended beyond the posterior margin. This species has well developed purple siphons, well differentiated morphologically from each other. Incurrent siphon is wider than excurrent, opened at the ventral edge and provided with a basal siphon valve at the base. Two pairs of demibranchs type B (1) from Atkins were observed. The shell characters and internal morphology were compared with other related species of the genus living along the South American coast. Finally, repository, type locality and habitat conditions were informed.
... The functional outgroup chosen for rooting was We chose to apply a conservative taxonomic composition of Eurytellina, Merisca, Scissula, and Angulus. Huber and Schniebs (2009) and Huber et al. (2015) recently carried out a series of new taxonomic allocations, creating some new genera and revalidating senior synonyms, which altered the traditional scenario of tellinid taxonomy. Despite their argumentation, the concept of some species and genera should be viewed with caution. ...
... madagascariensis, based on the general shell outline and ornamentation (Boss, 1969). Huber and Schniebs (2009) and Huber et al. (2015) considered it to only include T. albinella, while T. alfredensis and T. madagascariensis were assigned to Pallidea and Peronaea, respectively. However, Huber et al. (2015) argued that "Pallidea" alfredensis is close to Eurytellina, sharing the "weaker left dentition" within the suprageneric Eurytellina-group. ...
... Huber and Schniebs (2009) and Huber et al. (2015) considered it to only include T. albinella, while T. alfredensis and T. madagascariensis were assigned to Pallidea and Peronaea, respectively. However, Huber et al. (2015) argued that "Pallidea" alfredensis is close to Eurytellina, sharing the "weaker left dentition" within the suprageneric Eurytellina-group. By contrast, Tellinota and Peronaea are in the "Peronaea" group, characterized by similarities such as the more developed calcareous layer of the ligament. ...
One of the main questions of phylogenetic systematics has recently focused on the reliability and robustness of taxonomic
data. Many recent studies are devoted almost exclusively to the molecular-morphological couplet. However, in many metazoan
taxa, the presence of skeletal parts or poorly preserved soft parts is dominant in collections, making it difficult to extract
genetic material. This is the case with many invertebrates and unfortunately a very common situation in mollusk collections.
Herein we carry out a phylogenetic analysis of the transisthmian American tellinid bivalve genus Eurytellina based
on anatomical and morphometric characters, using different ways to analyze the morphometric data under parsimony-based
methods. Species in this genus are recognized as deep infaunal burrowers and present a strong filter-feeding apparatus. We
included 144 taxonomically important morphoanatomical and morphometric characters and 19 landmark characters. The
main results are a) Tellinota (formerly a synonym of Eurytellina) is confirmed as a taxon restricted to Africa; b) Eurytellina
lineata is confirmed as sister group to all the other members of the genus; c) there is strong evidence for three robust clades,
here named as groups trinitatis, nitens and punicea; d) some transisthmian sister species hypotheses are confirmed—although
the pattern of speciation and radiation may be related to a complex long-term elevation of the Panama Isthmus and previous
events (probably since the early Cenozoic). Furthermore, several new anatomical characters are described within the Order
Tellinoidea, which should be considered in future studies.
... croulinensis apparently also occurs in the abyssal zone of the Indian Ocean (Arabian Sea) (Oliver, 2015)); Axinulus antarcticus Zelaya, 2010, from the Antarctic waters (from the Ross Sea to South Orkneys, 68-850 m) (Zelaya, 2010); and A. philippinensis, from the Philippine Trench (9,605-9,807 m) (Allen, 2015). Furthermore, Huber (2015) assigned Axinulus subequatorius (Payne & Allen, 1991) to the genus Axinulus; originally, the species was described as Thyasira (Parathyasira) subequatoria Payne & Allen, 1991 from the south Atlantic Ocean (Angola and Argentine Basins) (Payne & Allen, 1991). The shell morphology and anatomy of all the above 6 species were investigated and they all share a number of common features: a small shell size (length less than 5 mm); shell height greater than length; indistinct lunule, auricle and submarginal sulcus; nonraised adductor scars; absence of lateral teeth; presence of a single demibranch; foot without heel (Payne & Allen, 1991;Oliver & Levin, 2006;Zelaya, 2010;Allen, 2015;Oliver, 2015). ...
... The genus Parathyasira currently includes 10 species (WoRMS Editorial Board, 2020). Huber (2015) transferred three species of Parathyasira (Parathyasira granulosa (Monterosato, 1874), P. kaireiae, and P. subcircularis) to the genus Thyasira. Parathyasira granulosa and P. subcircularis are retained in Thyasira by Huber (2015), in disagreement with Oliver (2015). ...
... Huber (2015) transferred three species of Parathyasira (Parathyasira granulosa (Monterosato, 1874), P. kaireiae, and P. subcircularis) to the genus Thyasira. Parathyasira granulosa and P. subcircularis are retained in Thyasira by Huber (2015), in disagreement with Oliver (2015). Following the viewpoint of Oliver (2015) I think that these species should be retained within the genus Parathyasira. ...
The Thyasiridae is the most species-rich family of bivalves in the abyssal and hadal zones of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. In recent years, with at least 14 thyasirid species found in that region at depths exceeding 3000 m. Some of them are the numerically dominant species in bottom communities. However, all members in that family have not yet been identified to the species level. Based on the material collected from 1953 to 2016 by five deep-sea expeditions, three new species of Thyasiridae (Mollusca: Bivalvia) are described from the abyssal and hadal zones of the northwestern Pacific. “Axinulus” roseus sp. nov. was found in the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench at 9000-9583 m depth. This species has a large rhomboidal shell with strong commarginal sculpture, a well defined, long and deep lunule and escutcheon without an auricle, a ctenidium consisting of a single demibranch, extensively lobed lateral pouches, and a large prodissoconch with specific sculpture. It is one of the dominant species in terms of abundance in macrobenthic communities in the deepest basin of the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench with a population density of up to 396 ind. m-2. The species has a shell length of up to 9.0 mm and it is the largest thyasirid with a single demibranch. “Axinulus” oliveri sp. nov. was found in a vast region of the northwestern Pacific on the abyssal plain adjacent to the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench, on the abyssal slope of the Kuril Islands, and in the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench at 4648-6168 m depth. This species is characterized by its ovate-rhomboidal shell, a well defined, deep and long escutcheon with a distinct auricle, a ctenidium with a single demibranch, and extensively lobed lateral pouches. It is widespread in the northwestern Pacific and forms populations with a density of up to 36 ind. m-2. Scanning electron microscopic observation of the gills of “A.” roseus sp. nov. and “A.” oliveri sp. nov. revealed that these species are not chemosymbiotic. “Axinulus” roseus sp. nov. and “A.” oliveri sp. nov. are provisionally assigned to the genus Axinulus, because they differ from the type species of the genus in a number of morphological and anatomical features. Parathyasira fragilis sp. nov. was found on the abyssal plain adjacent to the Kuril-Kamchatka Trench at 5249-5399 m depth. This species is distinguished by its very thin, fragile, dorsoventrally elongated, rhomboidal shell with very long anterodorsal margin and a long, wide, flat lunule. The taxonomic position of the new species is discussed.
... A detailed history of taxonomic proposals for mytilid subfamilies was summarized by Morton (2015). The classification adopted herein is in accordance with Huber (2010Huber ( , 2015, also adopted by the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS, http://www. marinespecies.org/aphia.php?p=taxdetails&id=211), including ten subfamilies and 52 genera. ...
... Divergence times were estimated by Bayesian Inference (BI) in RevBayes under the fossilized birthdeath model (Heath et al., 2014;Höhna et al., 2016). A relaxed molecular clock was applied assuming an uncorrelated exponential model on molecular branch (Huber, 2010(Huber, , 2015. References for ecological information and habits are listed in the supplementary material (Supporting information, Table S2). ...
... The Mytilidae encompasses two main clades. Subfamily names are in accordance with the classification proposed byHuber (2015), and asterisks (*) indicate subfamilies not recovered as monophyletic in this analysis. ...
Convergent morphology is a strong indication of an adaptive trait. Marine mussels (Mytilidae) have long been studied for their ecology and economic importance. However, variation in lifestyle and phenotype also make them suitable models for studies focused on ecomorphological correlation and adaptation. The present study investigates mantle margin diversity and ecological transitions in the Mytilidae to identify macroevolutionary patterns and test for convergent evolution. A fossil-calibrated phylogenetic hypothesis of Mytilidae is inferred based on five genes for 33 species (19 genera). Morphological variation in the mantle margin is examined in 43 preserved species (25 genera) and four focal species are examined for detailed anatomy. Trait evolution is investigated by ancestral state estimation and correlation tests. Our phylogeny recovers two main clades derived from an epifaunal ancestor. Subsequently, different lineages convergently shifted to other lifestyles: semi-infaunal or boring into hard substrate. Such transitions are correlated with the development of long siphons in the posterior mantle region. Two independent origins are reconstructed for the posterior lobules on the inner fold, which are associated with intense mucociliary transport, suggesting an important cleansing role in epifaunal mussels. Our results reveal new examples of convergent morphological evolution associated with lifestyle transitions in marine mussels.
... At the same time, in America, authors like Dall (1891Dall ( , 1894aDall ( , 1894bDall ( , 1894cDall ( , 1894dDall ( , 1895aDall ( , 1895bDall ( , 1901Dall ( , 1915, Gould (1841Gould ( , 1851Gould ( , 1852Gould ( -1861, Say (1822) and Philippi (1844Philippi ( -1850Philippi ( , 1845Philippi ( , 1849Philippi ( , 1887aPhilippi ( , 1893 described several species for the coast of North America and the southern tip of South America. In the literature, more than 200 names were found living or associated to American forms (Abbott, 1974;Abbott and Dance, 1986;Cantera and Contreras, 1988;Carcelles, 1944Carcelles, , 1950Carcelles and Williamson, 1951;Castellanos, 1970;Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2012;Coan et al., 2000;Lamy, 1912aLamy, , 1912bLamy, , 1913Lamy, , 1914aLamy, , 1914bLamy, , 1917Lamy, -1918Lamy, , 1925Mikkelsen and Bieler, 2007;Moore, 2002;Rios, 1970Rios, , 1975Rios, , 1985Rios, , 1994Rios, , 2009Huber, , 2015Saul, 1973Saul, , 1991Scarabino, 2003;Scarabino et al., 2016;Signorelli and Pastorino, 2011, 2012a, 2012bSignorelli and Carter, 2016;Tryon, 1870;Zelaya, 2016). In this catalogue, all valid species belonging to the superfamily Mactroidea living in American waters are revised and listed. ...
... Taxonomy: Bernard, 1983Burch, 1945: 50;Carpenter in Lea et al., 1860: 2;Coan and Valentich-Scott in Carlton, 2007: 848;Coan and Valentich-Scott, 1997: 17;Coan et al., 2000: 458-459;Dall, 1916a: 40;Huber, 2010: 445;Strong, 1925. American species included in Mactra by Signorelli and Pastorino (2011, 2012a, 2012b show morphological characters that fit more adequately to Spisula as suggested by Huber ( , 2015. However, six of these species need more analysis to arrive to a conclusion. ...
... Remarks: Historically, the genus Mactrotoma was used instead of Standella due to the misinterpretation of the type species. The taxonomic status of both genera was recently revised (Petit, 2012;Huber, 2015) where two points of view were stated. On the one hand, Petit (2012) suggested that both genera are based on the same type species and therefore must be considered synonyms. ...
Mactrinae is the largest subfamily of this group of bivalves. In the American continent 43 species grouped into ten genera are recognized. In this chapter, the species included in the genera Harvella, Mactrellona, Mactromeris, Mulinia and Rangia are redescribed. The genus Harvella includes the only one living species H. elegans (G.B. Sowerby I, 1825). The genus Mactrellona Marks, 1951 groups four species M. alata (Spengler, 1802), M. clisia (Dall, 1915), M. exoleta (Gray, 1837) and M. subalata (Mörch, 1861). The genus Mactromeris Conrad, 1868 includes the Pacific species M. catilliformis (Conrad, 1867), M. hemphillii (Dall, 1894a) and M. polynyma (Stimpson, 1860). The genus Mulinia is one of the most represented ones with nine living species in the American continent. They are M. bicolor Gray, 1837, M. byronensis Gray, 1837, M. cleryana (d’Orbigny, 1846), M. edulis (King, 1832), M. exalbida Gray, 1837, M. lateralis (Say, 1822), M. levicardo (E. A. Smith, 1881), M. modesta (Carpenter, 1864) and M. pallida (Broderip and G.B. Sowerby I, 1829). The genus Rangia Des Moulins, 1832 with four living species is the last group revised in this chapter. Rangia (Rangia) cuneata (Sowerby I, 1832, in 1821−1834), Rangia (Rangianella) flexuosa (Conrad, 1840), Rangia (Rangianella) mendica (Gould, 1851) and Rangia (Rangianella) pontchartrainensis (Morrison, 1965) (new combination) belong to this genus.
... At the same time, in America, authors like Dall (1891Dall ( , 1894aDall ( , 1894bDall ( , 1894cDall ( , 1894dDall ( , 1895aDall ( , 1895bDall ( , 1901Dall ( , 1915, Gould (1841Gould ( , 1851Gould ( , 1852Gould ( -1861, Say (1822) and Philippi (1844Philippi ( -1850Philippi ( , 1845Philippi ( , 1849Philippi ( , 1887aPhilippi ( , 1893 described several species for the coast of North America and the southern tip of South America. In the literature, more than 200 names were found living or associated to American forms (Abbott, 1974;Abbott and Dance, 1986;Cantera and Contreras, 1988;Carcelles, 1944Carcelles, , 1950Carcelles and Williamson, 1951;Castellanos, 1970;Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2012;Coan et al., 2000;Lamy, 1912aLamy, , 1912bLamy, , 1913Lamy, , 1914aLamy, , 1914bLamy, , 1917Lamy, -1918Lamy, , 1925Mikkelsen and Bieler, 2007;Moore, 2002;Rios, 1970Rios, , 1975Rios, , 1985Rios, , 1994Rios, , 2009Huber, , 2015Saul, 1973Saul, , 1991Scarabino, 2003;Scarabino et al., 2016;Signorelli and Pastorino, 2011, 2012a, 2012bSignorelli and Carter, 2016;Tryon, 1870;Zelaya, 2016). In this catalogue, all valid species belonging to the superfamily Mactroidea living in American waters are revised and listed. ...
... Taxonomy: Bernard, 1983Burch, 1945: 50;Carpenter in Lea et al., 1860: 2;Coan and Valentich-Scott in Carlton, 2007: 848;Coan and Valentich-Scott, 1997: 17;Coan et al., 2000: 458-459;Dall, 1916a: 40;Huber, 2010: 445;Strong, 1925. American species included in Mactra by Signorelli and Pastorino (2011, 2012a, 2012b show morphological characters that fit more adequately to Spisula as suggested by Huber ( , 2015. However, six of these species need more analysis to arrive to a conclusion. ...
... Remarks: Historically, the genus Mactrotoma was used instead of Standella due to the misinterpretation of the type species. The taxonomic status of both genera was recently revised (Petit, 2012;Huber, 2015) where two points of view were stated. On the one hand, Petit (2012) suggested that both genera are based on the same type species and therefore must be considered synonyms. ...
The superfamily Mactroidea includes 46 described genera and almost 260 species. The supra-generic classification of this superfamily was recently revised and rearranged (Signorelli and Carter, 2016). They recognized eight subfamilies grouped into four families (Table 1.1). Within the family Mactridae four subfamilies are currently included. They are Mactrinae Lamarck, 1809; Lutrariinae Gray, 1853; Darininae Signorelli in Carter et al., 2011 and Tanysiphoninae Scarlato and Starobogatov in Nevesskaja et al., 1971. The latter was described by Scarlato and Starobogatov in Nevesskaja et al. (1971, p. 18) to distinguish the species Tanysiphon rivalis Benson, 1858. Although Tanysiphonidae was described as a family level, several authors considered it a subfamily of Mactridae (Boss in Parker, 1982, Bieler et al., 2010; Carter et al., 2011; Signorelli and Carter, 2016). Beu (2006) proposed Zenatinae as a synonym of Lutrariinae. In addition, the subfamily name Kymatoxinae Stenzel and Krause, 1957 [= Pteropsellinae Keen, 1969] was recently relocated to the family Anatinellidae Deshayes, 1853 (Signorelli and Carter, 2016). This family was described to distinguish the genus Anatinella, previously introduced by G. B. Sowerby, I (1821–1834), from Lutraria Lamarck, 1799.
... At the same time, in America, authors like Dall (1891Dall ( , 1894aDall ( , 1894bDall ( , 1894cDall ( , 1894dDall ( , 1895aDall ( , 1895bDall ( , 1901Dall ( , 1915, Gould (1841Gould ( , 1851Gould ( , 1852Gould ( -1861, Say (1822) and Philippi (1844Philippi ( -1850Philippi ( , 1845Philippi ( , 1849Philippi ( , 1887aPhilippi ( , 1893 described several species for the coast of North America and the southern tip of South America. In the literature, more than 200 names were found living or associated to American forms (Abbott, 1974;Abbott and Dance, 1986;Cantera and Contreras, 1988;Carcelles, 1944Carcelles, , 1950Carcelles and Williamson, 1951;Castellanos, 1970;Coan and Valentich-Scott, 2012;Coan et al., 2000;Lamy, 1912aLamy, , 1912bLamy, , 1913Lamy, , 1914aLamy, , 1914bLamy, , 1917Lamy, -1918Lamy, , 1925Mikkelsen and Bieler, 2007;Moore, 2002;Rios, 1970Rios, , 1975Rios, , 1985Rios, , 1994Rios, , 2009Huber, , 2015Saul, 1973Saul, , 1991Scarabino, 2003;Scarabino et al., 2016;Signorelli and Pastorino, 2011, 2012a, 2012bSignorelli and Carter, 2016;Tryon, 1870;Zelaya, 2016). In this catalogue, all valid species belonging to the superfamily Mactroidea living in American waters are revised and listed. ...
... Taxonomy: Bernard, 1983Burch, 1945: 50;Carpenter in Lea et al., 1860: 2;Coan and Valentich-Scott in Carlton, 2007: 848;Coan and Valentich-Scott, 1997: 17;Coan et al., 2000: 458-459;Dall, 1916a: 40;Huber, 2010: 445;Strong, 1925. American species included in Mactra by Signorelli and Pastorino (2011, 2012a, 2012b show morphological characters that fit more adequately to Spisula as suggested by Huber ( , 2015. However, six of these species need more analysis to arrive to a conclusion. ...
... Remarks: Historically, the genus Mactrotoma was used instead of Standella due to the misinterpretation of the type species. The taxonomic status of both genera was recently revised (Petit, 2012;Huber, 2015) where two points of view were stated. On the one hand, Petit (2012) suggested that both genera are based on the same type species and therefore must be considered synonyms. ...
In this chapter the species included in the genera Simomactra, Spisula, Standella, Trinitasia and Tumbeziconcha are redescribed. The genus Simomactra Dall, 1894d includes three Pacific species: S. dolabriformis (Conrad, 1867), S. falcata (Gould, 1850) and S. planulata (Conrad, 1837). Spisula is another genus with several living species mainly distributed in temperate to cold waters in the north and south regions of the continent. This genus groups the species S. fuegiensis (E. A. Smith, 1905), S. guidoi (Signorelli and Scarabino, 2010), S. isabelleana (d’Orbigny, 1841), S. marplatensis (Doello Jurado in Carcelles, 1949), S. petitii (d’Orbigny, 1841), S. williamsi (Berry, 1960), S. (Hemimactra) solidissima (Dillwyn, 1817) and S. (Hemimactra) raveneli (Conrad, 1832). The genus Standella Gray, 1853 with eight species is another group well represented in American marine waters. It includes the species S. (Standella) fragilis (Gmelin, 1791), S. (Standella) nasuta (Gould, 1851), S. (Micromactra) angusta (Reeve, 1854a), S. (Micromactra) californica (Conrad, 1837), S. (Micromactra) janeiroensis (E. A. Smith, 1915), S. (Micromactra) surinamensis (Altena, 1968), S. (Mactroderma) isthmica (Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932) and S. (Mactroderma) velata (Philippi, 1849). The genus Trinitasia Maury, 1928 with T. iheringi (Dall, 1897) and the genus Tumbeziconcha Pilsbry and Olsson, 1935 with T. goniocyma (Pilsbry and Lowe, 1932) and T. thracioides (Adams and Reeve, 1850) complete the chapter.
... In this study, we focus on the genus Lithophaga. There are nine living species currently recognized (Huber, 2010(Huber, , 2015 MolluscaBase 2022) but two of these [Lithophaga punctata Hoeksema 2002 andLithophaga cylindrica (Krauss, 1848)] are of uncertain status. They are characterized by a dark brown periostracum with some fine, antimarginal ribbing and absence of extra-periostracal encrustations. ...
... However, this stance is unlikely and is not supported by as yet limited molecular data (Liu et al., 2018). Additionally, there remain some unresolved nomenclatural problems concerning the two common western Atlantic species of Lithophaga -Lithophaga nigra and Lithophaga antillarum (see Bieler, 2010;Huber, 2015) but we follow their current status as recorded in MolluscaBase (2022). ...
Phosphate mineralization as a skeletal material is uncommon in invertebrate animals and rare in Mollusca. Remarkably, apatite minerals were first reported more than 30 years ago in the periostracum of two species of the mytilid bivalve Lithophaga where shells are mostly constructed of calcium carbonate. This discovery extended the range of biominerals secreted by molluscs but has attracted no subsequent research. In this study we review the occurrence of phosphate mineralization in Lithophaga and putatively allied taxa. Lithophagine bivalves, particularly Lithophaga and the more diverse Leiosolenus species, are well known for their endolithic chemical dissolution of calcareous rocks and corals with calcium-binding lipoproteins secreted by mantle glands. Fluorapatite was identified by X-ray diffraction in an outer layer of the periostracum in six species of Lithophaga. Morphological study by scanning electron microscopy of four species showed the fluorapatite crystals embedded in periostracal material in a layer 10–20 µm thick. Dilute bleach treatment revealed the crystals as densely packed euhedral prisms 250–400 nm in size. The succeeding inner layers of the periostracum were unmineralized. Observations of the developing periostracum of Lithophaga teres suggest that the initial mineralization is in the form of amorphous granules that coalesce and transform into euhedral crystals. Periostracal phosphate was not recorded in other members of the Lithophaginae – Leiosolenus, Botula or Zelithophaga species. Leiosolenus species characteristically have extraperiostracal aragonitic encrustations that can be thick and structurally complex. Published molecular phylogenies of Mytilidae bivalves show a division into two major clades with Lithophaga species in one clade and Leiosolenus species in the other, indicating that the subfamily Lithophaginae as presently understood is polyphyletic. This result implies that the two genera have independent evolutionary pathways to endolithic occupation of calcareous substrates although using similar mantle gland secretions to excavate their crypts. Because fluorapatite is considerably less soluble and harder than calcium carbonate, it is suggested that the phosphate layer of Lithophaga is a functional adaptation to protect their shells from self-dissolution from their rock-dissolving glandular secretions and may also act as defence against other shell-eroding organisms.
... The Unionidae is the richest of the six extant freshwater mussel families, there are currently 674 species known globally, with (80%) of them being widely dispersed over temperate North America and Eurasia in addition to tropical Mesoamerica, Africa, and southeast Asia (Huber, 2010(Huber, , 2015. According to the International Union for Conservation of Nature's (IUCN) assessment of the majority of freshwater mussel species (517), 6% extinct, 7% vulnerable, 9% ...
... Distribution and phylogenetic of freshwater mussel near threatened, 10% endangered, 13% critically endangered and 37% of least concern(IUCN, 2016). Freshwater mussel descriptions from the early 19 th century up till the mid-20th century included hundreds of Unio species described from many regions of the world (Huber, 2015). ...
Freshwater mussels are a guild of stationary, suspended-feeding species; they perform significant ecological functions like nitrogen cycling, bioturbation that gives oxygen and habitat that other creatures need to survive, and increasing water clearance by filtration. Knowledge of the freshwater mussel Unio tigridis Bourguignat, 1852, distribution, and molecular study in Iraq was inadequate. In the current study, this species of freshwater Mussels belonging to the family Unionidae was collected from different locations in the Greater Zab River, from April to August 2022. The average water temperature of the site was arranged between (17.8 to 36.1 C°). All previous studies in the Kurdistan Region and Iraq were based on morphological characters and the current study was the first report of Unio tigridis that was confirmed by molecular genetics and COI gene, analyzed phylogenetically using Maximum Likelihood and Maximum Parsimony Methods.
... Clams of the nonmarine genus Corbicula Megerle von Mühlfeld, 1811(Cyrenidae Gray, 1840 are characterized by shells with serrated lateral teeth and the lack of a pallial sinus (Huber, 2015). Having a native range in South and East Asia, Africa and parts of Australasia, these bivalves are effective invaders of freshwater and brackish-water ecosystems in Europe and the Americas (Starobogatov, 1970;Korniushin, 2004;Bieler & Mikkelsen, 2019). ...
... He & Zhuang (2013) recognized 19 species of Corbicula in China. According to the estimate by Huber (2015), worldwide there might be 60-70 Corbicula 'species', delineated chiefly on the basis of shell morphology. Graf & Cummings (2020) have listed as many as 91 valid species for this genus. ...
Here, we investigate the shell shape variation of some closely related freshwater species of the bivalve genus Corbicula using descriptive (qualitative), geometric morphometric and traditional conchometric approaches. The combination of these different approaches allows for an effective discrimination between the species C. fluminalis, C. fluminea and C. leana, as well as an unidentified Corbicula sp. The roundness of the shell hinge is an important diagnostic feature, as are shell sculpture (ribs), symmetry of the apertural margin, and both position and extension of the umbo. We also identify possible hybrids between C. fluminalis and C. leana, with these showing features intermediate to those of the parent species. We examine variability of shell features of C. leana in selected areas in Europe and compare these results with material from the native range of Japan and Korea. For C. leana, we identify two geographic morphotypes from the native area; within Europe, there is a high morphological diversity of this species with several new forms arising, most probably as a result of hybridization.
... siliqua). Systematics follows Bieler et al. (2010Bieler et al. ( , 2014, Carter et al. (2011) andHuber (2015) for Tellinidae, and Pérez (2019) for Carditidae. For the specific detemination, we used the works of Brocchi (1814), Bucquoy et al. (1887Bucquoy et al. ( -1898, Chirli (2014Chirli ( , 2015Chirli ( , 2016, Dollfus and Cotter (1909), Huber (2010Huber ( , 2015, Lauriat-Rage (1981, 1982, 1986, Lozano-Francisco (1997), Nobre (1938Nobre ( -1940, Poppe and Goto (1993) and Sacco (1897aSacco ( , 1897bSacco ( , 1898aSacco ( , 1898bSacco ( , 1899Sacco ( , 1900Sacco ( , 1901. ...
... Systematics follows Bieler et al. (2010Bieler et al. ( , 2014, Carter et al. (2011) andHuber (2015) for Tellinidae, and Pérez (2019) for Carditidae. For the specific detemination, we used the works of Brocchi (1814), Bucquoy et al. (1887Bucquoy et al. ( -1898, Chirli (2014Chirli ( , 2015Chirli ( , 2016, Dollfus and Cotter (1909), Huber (2010Huber ( , 2015, Lauriat-Rage (1981, 1982, 1986, Lozano-Francisco (1997), Nobre (1938Nobre ( -1940, Poppe and Goto (1993) and Sacco (1897aSacco ( , 1897bSacco ( , 1898aSacco ( , 1898bSacco ( , 1899Sacco ( , 1900Sacco ( , 1901. ...
The exceptional Pliocene marine faunal assemblages of west-central Portugal have been known since the late 19th century. They include highly diverse molluscan faunas whose study is far to be completed. Discovered nearly 40 years ago, Vale do Freixo (Carnide, Pombal) is perhaps the most outstanding fossil site. Nevertheless, the bivalves remain relatively unknown. This study focuses on the taxonomy of this relevant group of marine Mollusca. The research, based on a detailed sampling of three fossiliferous beds from the Carnide Formation, yielded a list of 85 species belonging to 75 genera and 32 families. Forty-three species are new for the Carnide area and twenty-three are reported for the first time in the Portuguese Pliocene, increasing to 115 the number of known species in the Mondego Basin in the Beira Litoral.
... Turner (1966) synonymized many teredinid species with similar or identical pallet morphology. This reduced the number of species by over half and expanded the geographic range of many recognized species, an action which Huber (2015) considered too extreme in some cases. The merging of some congeners requires reconsideration given that investigations into Teredinidae life histories, biogeography, and phylogenetic relationships have revealed cryptic species among taxa submerged into synonymy. ...
... Turner (1966) stated that P. pentagonalis was "probably" a synonym of Nototeredo edax based on Habe's description and drawings, and lists it as such in Turner (1971). The synonymy of P. pentagonalis with N. edax was accepted by Inaba and Oyama (1977), Kuroda and Habe (1981), but questioned by Tsunoda (1979) and Huber (2015). Okutani et al. (2009) rejected this synonymy, noting clear differences in pallet morphology, suggesting that their Psiloteredo specimens were P. megotara, and that an examination of the type material of P. pentagonalis would be required for confirmation. ...
Cryptic species are a common phenomenon in cosmopolitan marine species. The use of molecular tools has often uncovered cryptic species occupying a fraction of the geographic range of the original morphospecies. Ship-worms (Teredinidae) are marine bivalves, living in drift and fixed wood, many of which have a conserved morphology across cosmopolitan distributions. Herein novel and GenBank mitochondrial (cytochrome c oxidase subunit I) and nuclear (18S rRNA) DNA sequences are employed to produce a phylogeny of the Teredinidae and delimit a cryptic species pair in the Psiloteredo megotara complex. The anatomy, biogeography, and ecology of P. megotara, Psiloteredo sp. and Nototeredo edax are compared based on private and historic museum collections and a thorough literature review. Morphological and anatomical characters of P. megotara from the North Atlantic and Psiloteredo sp. from Japan were morphologically indistinguishable, and differ in pallet architecture and soft tissue anatomy from N. edax. The two Psiloteredo species were then delimited as genetically distinct species using four molecular-based methods. Consequently, the Northwest Pacific species, Psiloteredo pentago-nalis, first synonymized with N. edax and then with P. megotara, is resurrected. Nototeredo edax, P. megotara and P. pentagonalis are redescribed based upon morphological and molecular characters. Phylogenetic analysis further revealed cryptic species complexes within the cosmopolitan species Bankia carinata and possibly additional cryptic lineages within the cosmopolitan Lyrodus pedicellatus.
... The genus Corbicula in Japan includes C. fluminea, the freshwater monoecious C. leana (Prime 1867), the dioecious C. sandai (Reinhardt 1878) from the Lake Biwa and Yodo River systems, and the brackish dioecious C. japonica (Prime 1864). Of these, C. leana has been considered a native Japanese species, but because it is not taxonomically organized and genetic differences from C. fluminea cannot be confirmed (Yamada et al. 2010), it has recently become regarded as synonymous with C. fluminea (Huber 2015). The present study follows this trend. ...
An environmental DNA (eDNA) detection technique using TaqMan qPCR and LAMP analysis was developed for the Asian clam Corbicula fluminea, which is causing alarm in Japan and worldwide as an invasive alien species. The qPCR primer and probe designed in this study specifically amplified C. fluminea DNA, but did not amplify C. sandai or C. japonica DNA, both native Japanese species. In contrast, LAMP analysis showed that C. sandai DNA also reacted, but with a delay after the amplification of C. fluminea DNA, and it was possible to specifically detect C. fluminea DNA by setting the LAMP analysis time to 30 min. Field surveys at three study sites with different habitat conditions for C. fluminea showed that eDNA detection using qPCR/LAMP analyses were consistent with C. fluminea distribution. The applicability of a simple filtration and concentration method for eDNA using glass fibers in suspension (SGF method) was verified, and the SGF method had a higher eDNA recovery capacity than the conventional aspiration method using glass fiber filter paper. eDNA extraction using the SGF method and eDNA analysis using qPCR/LAMP may be useful for qualitative and simple habitat estimation of C. fluminea in poor water quality environments.
... The burrows of Maxmuelleria lankesteri (Herdman, 1897), which is a large bonelliin species living in sandy sediment bottoms in Scotland, are inhabited by facultative commensals, such as the hesionid polychaete Oxydromus flexuosus Delle Chiaje, 1827, two galeommatid bivalve species, Kurtiella bidentata Montagu, 1803 andSaxicavella jeffreysi Winckworth, 1930, and a gobiid fish Gobius niger Linnaeus, 1758 (Nickell et al. 1995). Saxicavella is a genus closely related to Basterotia and belongs to the same subfamily Basterotiinae (Huber 2015). It is interesting that Oxydromus polychaetes and basterotiin bivalves were recorded from both the burrows of M. lankesteri and Bo. ...
Dead coral rocks are prevalent hard substrates in shallow warm waters, providing habitat for various infaunal and boring invertebrates. Despite this, the nature of species interactions, especially symbiotic relationships, among them remains poorly understood. Bonellia (Annelida: Thalassematidae: Bonelliinae) is a group of greenish echiuran worms commonly inhabiting cavities inside dead coral rocks. Although echiuran burrows in marine sediments are known to harbour various host-specific macrosymbionts, it remains unclear whether such associations also occur in hard substrates. To address this, we investigated the diversity of macrosymbionts associated with the burrows of Bonellia sp. aff. minor in the warm-temperate coast of the Kii Peninsula, Japan, and the evolutionary origins of those symbionts. The host’s burrow morphology was also examined using micro-computed tomography (CT) scanning. Our field survey revealed that the burrows of Bo. sp. aff. minor hosted three commensal species including a polychaete, Oxydromus fauveli, and two new species, a bivalve (Basterotia bonelliphila sp. nov.) and an amphipod (Leucothoe bonelliae sp. nov.). Our molecular phylogenetic analyses showed that each symbiont species belongs to a clade comprising commensal species specific to echiurans or annelids. Overall, our findings contribute to a better understanding of symbiotic associations in marine hard substrates.
... Подобная стратегия формообразования, направленная на создание максимального внутреннего относительного объёма раковины в период формирования гонады, тем более у вынашивающей личинок андрогенной C. fluminea, может являться одной из характеристик, определяющих репродуктивные возможности вида, и, следовательно, его инвазивный потенциал. [Huber, 2015] до 91 [Graf, Cummings, 2020] валидных видов, из которых три -C. fluminalis (O.F. ...
Моллюски рода Corbicula, впервые обнаруженные в нижнем течении р. Дон (район тёплого канала Новочеркасской ГРЭС) в 2017 году, по конхиологическим признакам ранее были идентифицированы как Corbicula fluminea. Целью настоящей работы стало получение новых данных по морфометрии и особенностям формообразования раковин моллюсков данного вида в онтогенезе. По результатам анализа основных морфометрических параметров раковины – длины (L), ширины (D) и высоты (H) – показаны изменения индексов её фронтальной (D/L) и сагиттальной (H/L) кривизны (=индекс округлости), выпуклости ((H+D)/L) и условного объёма (H×D×L/1000) в онтогенезе. Приведены соответствующие уравнения зависимостей. Сделан вывод об интервальном характере изменений указанных индексов кривизны, определяющих соответствующие изменения относительного объёма раковин в онтогенезе. Их графики имеют куполообразный характер с достижением значений в диапазоне длин раковин 15–25 мм, что достоверно превышает аналогичные значения в интервалах до 15 и более 25 мм. Половое созревание и начало размножения моллюсков происходит на этапе увеличения относительного объёма раковины. Подобная стратегия формообразования, направленная на создание максимального внутреннего относительного объёма раковины в период формирования гонады, тем более у вынашивающей личинок андрогенной C. fluminea, может являться одной из характеристик, определяющих репродуктивные возможности вида, и, следовательно, его инвазивный потенциал.
... The empty shells of gastropods and bivalves were preserved dry (Geiger et al., 2007;Edward et al., 2022;Ravinesh and Biju Kumar, 2022). The collected specimens were identified with the help of taxonomic publications (Oliver, 1992;Bosch et al., 1995;Subba Rao, 2003Robin, 2008;Huber, 2010Huber, , 2015Eichhorst, 2016;Goulding et al., 2021;Edward et al., 2022). All scientific names were finalized following the website World Register of Marine Species (http://www.marinespecies.org). ...
Study of the diversity and spatial distribution of molluscs along salinity gradient in Ashtamudi Lake recorded the presence of 83 species with one polyplacophoran, 41 gastropods, 37 bivalves and four cephalopods. The species diversity in various salinity zones was in the order: saline zone-80 species > estuarine zone-28 species > freshwater zone-14 species. The report includes three species new to the west coast of India: Assiminea woodmasoniana G. Nevill, 1880, Rugalucina vietnamica (Zorina, 1978) and Platevindex martensi (Plate, 1893). Species: such as Chiton granoradiatus Leloup, 1937; Clithon sowerbianum (Récluz, 1843); Littoraria pallescens (Philippi, 1846); Acteocina decorata (Pilsbry, 1904); Alaona ala (Hanley, 1845) and Serratina siamensis (E. von Martens, 1860) are new to Kerala. The paper analyses the alpha and beta diversity of molluscs in the Ashtamudi Lake, Kerala.
... IPBES 2019 7 ) to rapidly expand our identification of nature's contributions to people and the direct threats of anthropogenic pressures to the persistence of species and their ecosystem services. Extensions of our analyses should include, for example, changes to intrinsic vulnerability when geographic ranges of species expand due to human introductions into new areas, and should also investigate why natural populations often fail to recover when exploitation is reduced or stopped: for example, are they entirely driven by crossing demographic thresholds driven by human-stressors, such as habitat conversion and pollution 84,86,[99][100][101][102] , and/or other ecological interactions such as changes in food web structure 3,75,76 ? ...
Marine bivalves are important components of ecosystems and exploited by humans for food across the world, but the intrinsic vulnerability of exploited bivalve species to global changes is poorly known. Here, we expand the list of shallow-marine bivalves known to be exploited worldwide, with 720 exploited bivalve species added beyond the 81 in the United Nations FAO Production Database, and investigate their diversity, distribution and extinction vulnerability using a metric based on ecological traits and evolutionary history. The added species shift the richness hotspot of exploited species from the northeast Atlantic to the west Pacific, with 55% of bivalve families being exploited, concentrated mostly in two major clades but all major body plans. We find that exploited species tend to be larger in size, occur in shallower waters, and have larger geographic and thermal ranges—the last two traits are known to confer extinction-resistance in marine bivalves. However, exploited bivalve species in certain regions such as the tropical east Atlantic and the temperate northeast and southeast Pacific, are among those with high intrinsic vulnerability and are a large fraction of regional faunal diversity. Our results pinpoint regional faunas and specific taxa of likely concern for management and conservation.
... B. die Mantellinie (als Anheftungslinie des Mantels an die Schale) sowie ggf. auch eine Mantelbucht (ALF et al., 2020, GÖTTING, 2014, HUBER, 2010, 2015, VON KOSEL & GOFAS, 2019. Die Muschelschalen werden durch ein bis zwei innere Schließmuskeln zusammengehalten, deren Ansatzstellen auf der Schaleninnenseite zu erkennen sind und die ebenfalls ein wichtiges Bestimmungsmerkmal darstellen können. ...
One hundred sixty species of Bivalvia from the Campanian of Hannover are discovered. Shells from the following families are found: Nuculidae, Malletiidae, Mytilidae, Noetiidae, Arcidae, Glycymerididae, Inoceramidae, Arctostreidae, Ostreidae, Gryphaeidae, Bakevilliidae, Pinnidae, Dimyidae, Anomiidae, Pectinidae, Neitheidae, Spondylidae, Entoliidae, Oxytomidae, Limidae, Astartidae, Radiolitidae, Plagioptychidae, Lucinidae, Thyasiridae, Cardiidae, Arcticidae, Teredinidae, Cuspidariidae, Pholadomyidae,
... However, this structure changes when extracting animals from wood and can become damaged or deformed due to ecological conditions (shown by white arrows) (Velásquez and López 2016). Thus, other anatomical characteristics, such as the anatomy of the digestive system, siphon structure, pigmentation, shell valves, etc., should be considered for classifying their characteristics in addition to the palette (MacIntosh 2012;Huber 2015;Shipway et al. 2016;Borges and Merckelbach 2018). Based on the results of morphology identification on the pallet from this study, the Tambelo sample was similar to B. thoracites in Malaysian waters (Lee et al. 2019) ( Figure 5B). ...
Akabessy JL, Yahya, Fadjar M, Suprayitno E. 2022. Identification of Tambelo (Bactronophorus thoracites) in Wamesa Waters, Manokwari, West Papua, Indonesia. Biodiversitas 23: 6021-6030. Tambelo, otherwise known as shipworm, is a marine bivalve mollusk comprising 16 genera in the Teridinidae family, of which Teredo is the most frequently mentioned. Furthermore, the only species in the genus Bactronophorus is the wood borer, Bactronophorus thoracites (Teredinidae), which has a wide distribution in the Indo-West Pacific biogeographical region. Identifying shipworm species is difficult due to their high diversity and the limited information about their taxonomic characteristics, which often leads to identification errors by collectors. Papuan people consume tambelo as a substitute for side dishes because they are believed to be able to cure various diseases. Therefore, this study aims to establish by morphology and molecular analysis that tambelo belongs to the B. thoracites of the Teredinidae family. Tambelo was identified using the morphological method of observing the physical characterization of the palette, which is unique between genera. It was collected from a mangrove forest near Wamesa Beach, South Manokwari, Manokwari Regency, Indonesia. Meanwhile, this study adopted PCR, an identification method that uses DNA from a small number of samples and can provide a DNA sample sequence. Morphological analysis based on pallet characterization showed that the characteristics of the tambelo pallet were similar to those of the B. thoracites based on the identification book. In addition, the molecular phylogenetic analysis using two mitochondrial protein-coding genes, cytochrome c oxidase subunit I (COI), showed tambelo was 91% similar to B. thoracites from mangroves environment on the west coast of Peninsular Malaysia, Malaysia.
... Species determinations were primarily based on comparisons with identified material in the ZRC, and by checking against the original descriptions, revisionary treatments and popular references (e.g., Reid, 2007;Huber, 2010Huber, , 2015 and other references cited herein). Herein, species names prefixed with 'aff.' indicate affinity to the stated species, but is decidedly not conspecific, while 'cf.' indicates comparison, and possible conspecificity, with the named taxon. ...
Pulau Satumu is the southernmost islet within Singapore’s territorial jurisdiction. It is often referred to as Raffles Lighthouse or Raffles Light after its lighthouse, which began operating in 1855. Some notes of interest on the islet’s etymology and history, such as the earliest known name being “the Coney” or “Coney Island”, are provided. We present a first inventory of the mollusc species of Pulau Satumu, which is of some significance as the islet is one of the marine areas recently proposed to be of conservation priority in the Singapore Blue Plan 2018. A total of 328 species, compiled from records in the literature, and original data from a recent biodiversity survey in 2020 and existing material deposited in the Lee Kong Chian Natural History Museum, are listed. The class Gastropoda is most speciose with 232 species in 69 families, followed by the class Bivalvia with 92 species in 26 families, then the classes Polyplacophora and Cephalopoda, each with two families and two species. Records of five species, Nerita signata, Drupa albolabris, Drupa morum, Drupa ricinus and Morula uva, are regarded as likely to be erroneous. More than 250 species are figured; the vast majority of them are of available voucher material.
... Starting from M. Huber (2010Huber ( , 2012Huber ( , 2015 and Signorelli & Printrakoon (2019) and based on insights gained from the review of hundreds of lots of Donacidae from the region and more than a 1500 from the Indo-West Pacific, all records have been checked and only verifiable records have been used. Species lists without descriptions and illustrations are excluded as identifications cannot be checked, e.g., the record of Donax brazieri Smith, 1892 from ne Thailand (in Sanpanich, 2011), marked as first record from that country. ...
Based on lots in collections, literature data and type material, the living Donacidae of the South China Sea and East Asia are reviewed. At least 35 nominal species have been recorded for this area, including numerous synonyms and misidentifications. Thirteen valid species (one including two subspecies) are recorded from the area. For all species the variation in their shells and their distribution are described. It is evident that despite recent reviews the identification of Donacidae remains challenging and several taxonomic issues are addressed in this paper. Two new species are described: Donax (Deltachion) spiniferus spec. nov. and Tentidonax borneensis spec. nov. The true identity of Donax semisulcatus Hanley, 1843 is revealed and Donax (Latona) bicolor Gmelin, 1791 is recognised as valid species. Substantial new information is provided for Donax (Deltachion) bruneirufi M. Huber, 2012 and Donax (Latona) listeri Hanley, 1882 (previously only recorded from a single locality each). Because of their consistent considerably smaller size, sculpture and different habitat Tentidonax Iredale, 1930 is raised to genus level.
... However, the genus Adipicola is considered paraphyletic (Lorion et al. 2013;Thubaut et al. 2013aThubaut et al. , 2013b. Thus, the taxonomy of this group of bivalves is not definitive and contrasting classification approaches have been presented in different works (Dell 1987(Dell , 1995Huber 2010Huber , 2015. According to recent literature, the number of species included within Adipicola is not definitive. ...
New material collected at a methane seep site off central Chile (36°21.997′S, 73°42.785′W), known as the Concepción Methane Seep Area (CMSA), revealed the presence of the genus Adipicola in the SE Pacific. Dead individuals consisting of empty single and articulated valves were collected from vesicomyid clam beds, at 690 m depth by the remotely operated vehicle KIEL 6000, using scoop nets. Shell characters, such as equivalve, antero-posteriorly elongate shell, external surface smooth without periostracal hair, not gaped and hinge plate without teeth or crenulations, were observed and compared with the morphology of described species within the genus. Based on these morphological characters we tentatively assign the individuals belonging to Adipicola leticiae previously never found below 27°S in the SE Pacific. This new finding constitutes the first record of an extant Bathymodiolinae mussel off central Chile. The current knowledge of additional chemosymbiotic bivalves at the CMSA is discussed. The present study updates and contributes to the knowledge of deep-water bivalve biodiversity in Chilean waters.
... Within the Phylum Mollusca, Bivalvia is the second-largest taxonomic class with about 10,000 existing species documented worldwide (Rahman et al. 2015). The diversity of bivalves includes 101 families and 1,380 genera with 9,620 species (Huber, 2015). Globally, annual total marine bivalve production is more than 15 million tons, with Asia alone producing more than 85% (FAO, 2017;Wijsman et al. 2019). ...
This study aims to describe the relationship between length and weight of the bivalves Donax cuneatus (Linnaeus, 1758) and Meretrix casta (Gmelin, 1791) along the Gulf of Mannar. A total of 1,791 individuals of two species were collected from October 2019 to December 2020. The length-weight relationship of both species has been estimated using the equation W = aLb. A common length-weight relationships, W = 0.0002 L2.8882 for D. cuneatus, and W = 0.1971 L2.3556 for M. casta were recorded. The results showed negative allometric growth in both the bivalve species. The coefficient of determination (r2) was 0.9426 for Donax cuneatus and 0.9628 for Meretrix casta. Condition factor was estimated to be less than one throughout the study period for D. cuneatus and for M. casta it ranged from 0.81 to 1.38. This study provides a mathematical equation of the relationship between length and weight, and the condition of both the species along the Gulf of Mannar, southeast coast of India.
Keywords: Allometric growth, Bivalve, Gulf of Mannar, Length-weight relationship, Sustainable management
... With time, the number of published documents (taxonomic and ecological studies) has increased, but the list of bivalve fauna from East Malaysia remains very incomplete. Numerous species are recorded in Huber (2010Huber ( , 2015, but his records 'north Borneo' or just 'Borneo' are not specific enough to be included here. Similar taxonomic J TT and conservation work was published on fish species of Bangladesh in which the implementation of conservation measures on local fish habitats was proposed (Parvez et al. 2019). ...
Species checklists enlist the species existing within a distinct geographical biome and assist as an indispensable input for evolving conservation and administration strategies. The arenas of conservation ecology and biology face the challenge of exaggerated biodiversity, accredited to the non-recognition of taxonomic inconsistencies. The study’s goals are to organize all scattered taxonomic information regarding bivalve molluscs from Malaysian Borneo, i.e. Sarawak and Sabah, under one umbrella. Available literature regarding Malaysian Borneo was reviewed. The published taxonomic data on bivalve species, conservation status, inconsistencies, habitats (marine, fresh, and brackish), research aspects, threats, and conservation strategies are presented. A critical review of the checklists and distributional records of the class Bivalvia from Malaysian Borneo and subsequent validation of species names with the World Register of Marine Species (WoRMS) database revealed that currently 76 bivalve species from 12 orders and other entities, 18 superfamilies, and 27 families have been recorded from the area. Twenty-six inconsistencies with WoRMS were found, and the corrected names are presented. The study indicates most of the enlisted bivalve species have not been evaluated by the IUCN Red List authority and have ‘Least Concern’ or ‘Data Deficient’ status for Malaysian Borneo. To date, published documents on conservation decision strategies and guidelines for future research are not good enough. Nevertheless, potential threats and their remedies for bivalves in the enriched Malaysian Borneo ecosystems are discussed herein.
... Within the Phylum Mollusca, Bivalvia is the second-largest taxonomic class with about 10,000 existing species documented worldwide (Rahman et al. 2015). The diversity of bivalves includes 101 families and 1,380 genera with 9,620 species (Huber, 2015). Globally, annual total marine bivalve production is more than 15 million tons, with Asia alone producing more than 85% (FAO, 2017;Wijsman et al. 2019). ...
Background: Bivalves are benthic animals existing in coastal habitats, particularly mudflats and tidal. Because of their availability, rich protein content and cheaper cost, they contribute a major portion of the small-scale fishery resource worldwide. Limited information has been available on the food-feeding and habitat structures of bivalves along Indian waters. Therefore, the present investigation was carried out to know the food-feeding and habitat preferred by wedge clam, Donax cuneatus off Thoothukudi, Gulf of Mannar, India. Methods: Soil, water and wedge clam samples were collected from the selected site from September 2019 to March 2021 and soil texture, water quality parameters and gut contents were analyzed at the laboratory. Result: During the study period, salinity, water temperature, pH and dissolved oxygen (DO) were in the range from 31-37°C, 24-28°C, 7.7-8.7 and 4.1-5.8 mg/l, respectively. Wedge clams were mainly observed at sandy beaches up to 10 cm in depth. Donax cuneatus mainly feeds on detritus (65%), followed by phytoplankton (31%) and zooplankton (4%). Hence, the diverse fluctuation of food particles, season-specific food and feeding biology and local environmental conditions at the studied region might be the responsible features for the availability of Donax cuneatus.
... The family Mytilidae includes more than 400 valid species distributed in all oceans around the globe (Lamy 1936(Lamy -1937Soot-Ryen 1955, 1969Rios 2009;Huber 2010Huber , 2015. Various suprageneric classifications are mentioned in the literature. ...
... The abundance of bivalves from the family Veneridae in Bayambang, Batang and Cato can also be linked to the presence of vast seagrass beds of these areas. The family is considered the largest among bivalve groups comprising 765 representative species [15]. The most abundant bivalve belonging to this family are G. tumidium and G. pectinatum. ...
The bivalve resources in the coastal barangays of Infanta, Pangasinan were assessed using adescriptive survey method. A total of 30 species of bivalves belonging to 17 families were identified across study sites. Corbicula fluminea is the most abundant species of bivalves found in the coastal barangays with Family Veneridae dominating the community with a total of 8 representative species. Of the 6 coastalbarangays, Bayambang harbors the highest number of species (28) while Barangay Cato recorded thehighest relative abundance (28.88%). Relative abundance of species varied by study sites; G. tumidium (Bayambang – 13.8%), G. pectinatum (Cato - 13.56%), C. fluminea (Batang – 14.55%; Poblacion – 39.4%), P. exilis (Patima – 30.66%) and Delillia sp. (Nayom – 25.76%). Margalef’s index was found highest in Bayambang (4.32). Computed Shannon-Weiner index indicates moderate diversity across sites with Bayambang and Cato recorded the highest value (H’=2.83). Simpson’s dominance index indicates high dominance of a single or few species with values ranging from 0.72 (Poblacion) to 0.93 (Bayambang).Computation of evenness index revealed high values (0.85-0.93) indicating a more equitable distribution of individual bivalve. Lastly, Batang and Cato manifested the highest similarity and shared species indices of 0.92 and 0.48, respectively.
... The live specimens of gastropods, bivalves and polyplacophorans were cleaned, washed and photographed, and preserved in 70% ethanol. The collected specimens were identified with the help of keys, research papers and books (Abbott and Dance 1982;Bosch et al. 1995;Huber 2010Huber , 2015Subba Rao 2003, 2017Eichhorst 2016a, b;Okutani 2000;Robin 2008;Yonow 2008Yonow , 2012. All the species names are updated from the WoRMS website, WoRMS (2021). ...
The survey of molluscan fauna of Ashtamudi estuary of the southwest coast of India recorded the presence of 119 species classified under 3 classes (Polyplacophora, Gastropoda and Bivalvia), 57 families and 96 genera. The species diversity was dominated by the Gastropoda (69 species), followed by the Bivalvia (49 species) and the Polyplacophora (1 species). The report includes four species recorded for the first time from India: Desmaulus edgarianus (Melvill, 1898), Pilosabia trigona (Gmelin, 1791), Nassarius javanus (Schepman, 1891) and Jorunna labialis (Eliot, 1908). The true diversity of the mangrove region was as good as that of a community with 31.380 (= 31) equally common species; the respective values for the bar mouth and lake regions were 15.516 and 8.997, respectively, indicating that the molluscan species assemblage of the mangrove was the most diverse and of the lake, the least. True β-diversity across this gradient registered 1.792, which means that though there were three communities, they were equivalent to only 1.792 (= 2) effective communities, i.e., the three actual communities were as different from each other as 2 with equal weights and no species in common.
... Systematic classification and morphological descriptions of the species are presented with collection details. Melvill and Standen, 1906;Comber, 1906;Gravely, 1941;Subrahmanyam et al., 1949;Purkait and Manna, 1988;Subba Rao et al., 1991;Subba Rao et al., 1992;Dey and Ramakrishna, 2007;Dey, 2008;Mahapatra, 2008 (Huber, 2015) it was renamed again as M. dolabrata. ...
Occurrence of bivalve Mactrinula dolabrata (Reeve, 1854) from the coastal waters off Andhra Pradesh, is the third addition to the species list of the genus from India. The present finding, new to Indian waters, is indicative of an extended range distribution of the species from the Malay Peninsula towards the east coast of India.
... Alternatively, regarded Galatheavalvidae as Galeommatoidea. Huber (2010Huber ( , 2015 followed this superfamilial placement, but considered Galatheavalvinae to be a subfamily of Galeommatidae. ...
This contribution provides the first integrative study of Cyamioidea, a group of bivalves largely neglected in the past. By combining information obtained from shell morphology, gross anatomy, histology, reproductive biology and DNA sequencing, the distinctive characters of Cyamioidea are determined, and the taxa belonging to this superfamily are revised. Gaimardioidea, previously considered as a distinct superfamily, is reduced to family level (Gaimardiidae), which, along with Cyamiidae, are assigned to Cyamioidea. All studied cyamioideans share a common reproductive character: the presence of a true follicular epithelium surrounding each developing oocyte, which persists after spawning, surrounding the developing embryos and participating in their anchorage to the gill filaments. Several morphological and anatomical characters support the distinction of Gaimardiidae and Cyamiidae. Based on that information, the placement of Gaimardia and Kidderia in Gaimardiidae, and that of Cyamiocardium, Cyamiomactra, Cyamium, Heteromactra, Pseudokelly, Ptychocardia and Reloncavia in Cyamiidae, is confirmed. Jukesena, historically placed in Veneroidea, is here allocated to Cyamiidae. Neoleptonidae, previously also attributed to Cyamioidea, are reallocated to Veneroidea.
... Alternatively, regarded Galatheavalvidae as Galeommatoidea. Huber (2010Huber ( , 2015 followed this superfamilial placement, but considered Galatheavalvinae to be a subfamily of Galeommatidae. ...
This contribution provides the first integrative study of Cyamioidea, a group of bivalves largely neglected in the past. By combining information obtained from shell morphology, gross anatomy, histology, reproductive biology and DNA sequencing, the distinctive characters of Cyamioidea are determined, and the taxa belonging to this superfamily are revised. Gaimardioidea, previously considered as a distinct superfamily, is reduced to family level (Gaimardiidae), which, along with Cyamiidae, are assigned to Cyamioidea. All studied cyamioideans share a common reproductive character: the presence of a true follicular epithelium surrounding each developing oocyte, which persists after spawning, surrounding the developing embryos and participating in their anchorage to the gill filaments. Several morphological and anatomical characters support the distinction of Gaimardiidae and Cyamiidae. Based on that information, the placement of Gaimardia and Kidderia in Gaimardiidae, and that
... The modern Veneridae are the most speciose family of the Bivalvia, with ∼750 species in 135 genera, outnumbering the next most diverse families, the Galeommatidae and Tellinidae, each with ∼500 species in 100 genera (Huber, 2015;Collins et al., 2018;Edie et al., 2018). Molecular analyses have established a backbone phylogeny for Veneridae (Mikkelsen et al., 2006;Chen et al., 2011), but species coverage within the group is still insufficient to confirm monophyly of some longestablished taxonomic groupings, such as subfamilies. ...
The Veneridae are the most speciose modern family of bivalves, and one of the most morphologically conservative and homoplastic, making subfamily- and sometimes even genus-level classification difficult. The widespread Cretaceous genus Legumen Conrad, 1858 is currently placed in the subfamily Tapetinae of the Veneridae, although it more closely resembles the Solenoida (razor clams, Pharidae and Solenidae) in general shell form. Here we provide high-resolution images of the Legumen hinge for the first time. We confirm from hinge morphology that Legumen belongs in Veneridae, but it should be referred to incertae subfamiliae, rather than retained in the Tapetinae, particularly in light of the incomplete and unstable understanding of venerid systematics. Legumen represents a unique hinge dentition and a shell form—and associated life habit—that is absent in the modern Veneridae despite their taxonomic diversity. Veneridae are hyperdiverse in the modern fauna, but strikingly ‘under-disparate,’ having lost forms while gaining species in the long recovery from the end-Cretaceous extinction.
Oyster habitats in the United Arab Emirates are highly diverse marine ecosystems with fascinating historical cultural and fisheries importance for pearls, but also for provisioning local people with food and materials for direct consumption and income. Their hard structure protects coastal areas and human populations and their assets, while their strong filtering activity promotes clean waters and healthy and productive marine ecosystems. Oyster habitats in the UAE occur on both the Arabian Gulf and Gulf of Oman coasts. They form oyster beds and oyster reefs and are distributed across coastal and offshore areas. These oyster habitats support hundreds of marine species that include valuable commercial species such as hamours (groupers), emperors (Lethrinidae), and snappers (Lutjanidae). The water quality in oyster ecosystems of Sharjah, Ajman and Umm al Quwain reflects good environmental conditions, yet the presence of microplastics in the sediment and oyster tissue evidence some pollution. Phytoplankton in these areas is diverse and includes several harmful algal bloom species. The current status and extent of oyster habitats in the UAE is known only for some emirates, but there is local scientific and management interest in addressing this gap for the conservation and restoration of these valuable habitats for the nation.
All genera based on fossil type species belonging to the family Mactridae are alphabetically listed in this work. The oldest records of the Mactridae come from Cretaceous deposits of North America. However, this group of bivalves has been worldwide recorded from the Paleogene and Neogene. An emended diagnosis for each genus is herein provided. In addition to that, type species, type localities, and occurrences are included. For each genus, a remarks section includes the most recent published taxonomic opinions. Nevertheless, in some cases, new taxonomic decisions based on morphological analysis of types have been taken. Genera based on extant type species are excluded from this work. Forty-five genera are listed herein and type material has been reproduced wherever possible. Ionesimactra nom. nov. is proposed as a replacement name for Caspimactra Ionesi (non Caspimactra Ali-Zade and Kabakova). This work constitutes the basis for future revisions related to fossil taxa of the family Mactridae from different regions.
UUID: https://zoobank.org/ccc72130-4ea2-44a9-add9-51cfce58f2d5
Our research revealed 20 species of Bivalvia, 1 subspecies and 1 variety of the Sangzor River and its surrounding aquatic species belonging to 4 families and 5 genera. Of the species listed in the table: Euglesa hissarica, E. (Casertiana) obliquata, Odhneripisidium polytimeticum are more numerous. They are found in the amount of 1-4 m per 1 m2. The rest of the species are relatively rare. Euglesa (Cyclocalyx) gurvichi, Odhneripisidium terekense, O. (Kuiperipisidium) issykkulense were first discovered in the basin of the Sangzor river. These Bivalves are crenophils and pelolimnophils living in springs depending on their habitat. The length of the Sangzor River and the presence of all biotopes in which mollusks live, made the river a favorable habitat for mollusks. However, it should be noted that while all species occur in the river, they vary in density.
Marine lakes are bodies of seawater that are landlocked and maintain a subterranean connection to the surrounding sea. Here, we document the species diversity of benthic molluscs in 11 marine lakes in Raja Ampat, West Papua, Indonesia, using the roving diving survey method. We specifically tested for relationships between species richness and lake size and the degree of connection to the surrounding sea, and tested potential environmental drivers of community structure. We recorded 73 species, belonging to the classes Gastropoda (48 species, comprising 36 genera and 25 families), Bivalvia (24 species, consisting of 17 genera and 12 families), and Polyplacophora (one species). Molluscs from marine lakes are a subset of species also occurring in coral, seagrass, mangrove, and rocky shore habitats in the open sea. We found lake communities to mostly consist of grazers and filter feeders. The number of mollusc species significantly increased with increasing connection to the surrounding sea, but not with increasing surface area, indicating that dispersal potential may be the main driving force. Furthermore, we observed no significant influence of the environment on the variation in mollusc species composition among marine lakes. Still, we observed certain species to be exclusively present in either high or low-connected lakes, indicating a potential effect of environmental filtering. Marine lakes provide a unique ecosystem for diverse mollusc assemblages and as such should be protected.
The Thyasiridae is one of the species-richest families in the abyssal and hadal zones of the northwestern Pacific Ocean. Many thyasirid species dominate benthic communities in terms of abundance and play an important role in the functioning of deep-sea ecosystems. Most of the thyasirid species in the region are new to science and have not been described. Based on the material collected from 1954 to 2016 by seven deep-sea expeditions, three new species of Thyasiridae (Parathyasira coani sp. nov., P. pauli sp. nov., and Thyasira kharkovensis sp. nov.) are described from the abyssal and hadal zones (3210–7540 m depth) of the Sea of Okhotsk, the Bering Sea, as well as the Kuril-Kamchatka and Japan trenches. The new species are remarkable among their congeners due to the combination of the following characters: an obliquely-rhomboidal shell with a weak and shallow posterior sulcus and a large prodissoconch with sculpture of lamellated folds. Comparisons with related species are provided.
In this paper, a taxonomic review of the bivalves of the genus Cuspidaria Nardo, 1840 from the southern southwestern Atlantic is conducted. Specimens deposited in malacological collections and samples collected onboard the R/V Puerto Deseado off Mar del Plata (36S) and MPA Namuncur/Burdwood Bank area (54S), between 200 and 3,000 m depth, are the focus of this revision. The specimens were analyzed through conchological and anatomical features. The geographic and bathymetric distributions for each species are provided and possible factors determining biogeographic patterns are discussed. As a result, Cuspidaria infirma n. sp., Cuspidaria cancellata n. sp., Cuspidaria namuncura n. sp., and Cuspidaria cf. kerguelensis (Smith, 1885), are described. In addition, Cuspidaria exigua (Jeffreys, 1876), Cuspidaria bicarinata Jeffreys, 1882, Cuspidaria platensis (Smith, 1885), Cuspidaria tenella Smith, 1907, Cuspidaria infelix Thiele, 1912, and Cuspidaria barnardi Knudsen, 1970 are redescribed after the study of new specimens. Elliptic Fourier analyses were performed for each side of the shell to delimit species objectively using their shape. Results showed a clear differentiation on both valves among species. Cuspidaria bicarinata and Cuspidaria exigua, both North Atlantic species, were recorded for the first time in the southwestern Atlantic, and Cuspidaria infelix and Cuspidaria tenella, both Antarctic/sub-Antarctic species, expanded their distribution northwards. Two cluster analyses, for species and areas respectively, revealed a vertical zonation, separating species into two different groups highly corresponding to deep-sea water mass distributions.
Arthritica korniushini n. sp. is described from three groups of artesian mound springs in the southwestern part of the Lake Eyre Spring Supergroup. All other described species of Arthritica are oceanic or estuarine. The four previously described Australian species referrable to Arthritica are reviewed.
Using museum collections and historical literature the donacid genus Hecuba is revised. Three species are recognised, H. scortum (Linnaeus, 1758), H. pubescens (Linnaeus, 1758) and a new species described herein as H. reticulata Raven & Dekker. Each are described, figured and their geographical distributions are reviewed. Hecuba rosea Schumacher, 1817 is shown to be a junior synonym of Donax striatus Linnaeus, 1767, not of Donax vittatus Linnaeus, 1758.
The second part of the annotated and illustrated catalogue of species of the bivalve molluscan fauna of Jeju Island (Jeju-do) is based on original and literature data. The catalogue provides local distribution and taxonomic comments on bivalves and is supplemented with data on general distribution, habitats, and primary synonyms.
This part includes 142 species belonging to 36 families (Lucinidae through Poromyidae), with original photographs for 76 species. Nineteen species are reported as new for Jeju Island, 9 species as new for Korea: Vasticardium subrugosum (G.B. Sowerby II, 1839), Fragum loochooanum Kira, 1959, Montacutona japonica (Yokoyama, 1922), Pristipagia ojiensis (Tokunaga, 1906), Donax cuneatus L., 1758, Sunetta kirai Huber, 2010, Pitar inflatus (G.B. Sowerby II, 1851), Dosinia cf. orbiculata Dunker, 1877, Pelecyora corculum (Römer, 1870), and 6 species have been reported in literature but were not included in the first molluscan catalogue of Jeju by Noseworthy et al. (2007); in total, 25 species are added to the Jeju fauna in this part. Odd literature records are discussed. In all, 248
species and 58 families of marine bivalve mollusks are currently known in Jeju-do.
Представлены сведения об обнаружении в зал. Петра Великого (северо-западная часть Японского моря) нового для фауны России вида двустворчатого моллюска Tellimya fujitaniana (Yokoyama, 1927) (Lasaeidae). Три живые особи с длиной раковины 3.9–6.2 мм собраны в 2003 и 2018 гг. в диапазоне глубин 17–28 м на илисто-песчаном грунте. Обобщены данные по экологии и ареалу данного вида. Ключевые слова: двустворчатый моллюск, Tellimya fujitaniana (Yokoyama, 1927), Lasaeidae, распространение, залив Петра Великого, Японское море. Information on finding in Peter the Great Bay (north-western part of the Sea of Japan) a new species of bivalve mollusk for the fauna of Russia, Tellimya fujitaniana (Yokoyama, 1927) (Lasaeidae), are presented. Three alive specimens with shell length 3.9–6.2 мм were collected in 2003 and 2018 at the depths of 17–28 m on muddy sand. Data on the ecology and geographical range of this species are summarized. Key words: bivalve mollusks, Tellimya fujitaniana (Yokoyama, 1927), Lasaeidae, distribution, Peter the Great Bay, Sea of Japan.
Tellimya fujitaniana (Yokoyama, 1927) (Lasaeidae). Три живые особи с длиной раковины 3.9-6.2 мм собраны в 2003 и 2018 гг. в диа-пазоне глубин 17-28 м на илисто-песчаном грунте. Обобщены данные по экологии и ареалу данного вида. Information on finding in Peter the Great Bay (north-western part of the Sea of Japan) a new species of bivalve mollusk for the fauna of Russia, Tellimya fujitaniana (Yokoyama, 1927) (Lasaeidae), are presented. Three alive specimens with shell length 3.9-6.2 мм were collected in 2003 and 2018 at the depths of 17-28 m on muddy sand. Data on the ecology and geographical range of this species are summarized.
Citation: Aldea C, Novoa L, Alcaino S, Rosenfeld S (2020) Diversity of benthic marine mollusks of the Strait of Magellan, Chile (Polyplacophora, Gastropoda, Bivalvia): a historical review of natural history. ZooKeys 963: 1-36. Abstract An increase in richness of benthic marine mollusks towards high latitudes has been described on the Pacific coast of Chile in recent decades. This considerable increase in diversity occurs specifically at the beginning of the Magellanic Biogeographic Province. Within this province lies the Strait of Magellan, considered the most important channel because it connects the South Pacific and Atlantic Oceans. These characteristics make it an interesting area for marine research; thus, the Strait of Magellan has historically been the area with the greatest research effort within the province. However, despite efforts there is no comprehensive and updated list of the diversity of mollusks within the Strait of Magellan up to now. This study consisted of a complete bibliographic review of all available literature that included samples of mollusks in the Strait of Magellan. More than 300 articles were reviewed, covering 200 years of scientific knowledge. There were 2579 records belonging to 412 taxa, of which 347 are valid species. Of the total valid species, 44 (~13%) are considered of doubtful presence in the Strait. This work increases the known richness of mollusks of the Strait of Magellan by 228%; it is also the first report that integrates all available diversity studies of the three most speciose classes of benthic mollusks (Gastropoda, Bivalvia and Polypla-cophora) from the Strait of Magellan. A peer-reviewed open-access journal Cristian Aldea et al. / ZooKeys 963: 1-36 (2020) 2
The living species included in the family Anatinellidae Deshayes, 1853 distributed along the American continent are mentioned in this chapter. All American living species belong to the subfamily Kymatoxinae Stenzel and Krause, 1957. Two genera are recognized. The genus Anatina Schumacher, 1817 groups the species A. anatina (Spengler, 1802) and A. cyprinus (Wood, 1828). And the genus Raeta Gray, 1853 includes R. (Raeta) plicatella (Lamarck, 1818) and R. (Raeta) undulata (Gould, 1851).
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