... Localized and short-term behavioral responses such as movement toward or away from the sound source or a change in vocalization rates have been reported for some cetaceans during seismic surveys (Richardson et al., 1995;Gordon et al., 1998;Nowacek et al., 2007;Southall et al., 2007;Barry, Cucknell, & Clark, 2012;Castellote, Clark, & Lammers, 2012;Blackwell et al., 2013Blackwell et al., , 2015Thompson et al., 2013;Robertson et al., 2013;Cerchio, Strindberg, Collins, Bennett, & Rosenbaum, 2014;Pirotta, Brookes, Graham, & Thompson, 2014;Wole & Myade, 2014;Dunlop et al., 2015Dunlop et al., , 2016Muir et al., 2015Muir et al., , 2016Finneran et al., 2015;Gailey et al., 2016). However, the long-term consequences of airgun sounds on marine mammals are mostly unknown, and the effectiveness of mitigation measures are largely uncertain (Cato et al., 2013;Nowacek et al., 2013;Wright & Consentino, 2015). ...