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The' Istituto ' Agronomico' per' l’Oltremare' (IAO)' is' a' branch ' of' the'
Italian'Ministry'for'Foreign'Affairs'(MAE).'Applied'research,'training,'
technical' assistance'and 'consulting' take' place'in 'the' framework'of'
its'specific'mandate.
Since' 1998,' the' IAO’s' operating' strategy' has' been' to' support'
interconnected' themes:' information' on' land' cover' change,'
conservation' of' biodiversity,' food 'security 'in'the' wider' context' of'
sustainable'development'and'the'struggle'against'poverty.'In'these'
areas,' the' Institute' has' fostered' studies' and' research' and' has' developed'
methodologies,' interpreting' its' role' in' accordance' with' the' international'
agreements' signed' by' Italy,' and' thus' in' harmony' with' the' UN' Convention' on'
Biodiversity' and' Desertification,' the' Treaty' on' Plant' Genetic' Resources' for'
Agriculture'and'Food'and'the'Declaration'on'the'Millennium'Development'Goals.'
The'IAO'is'a'centre'of'excellence'for'training'and'geo‐information'technologies;'it'
provides' support' and' consultation' services' to' the' MAE,' technical' assistance' to'
developing'countries'and'countries'in'transition'towards'sustainable'development,'
capacity' development,' poverty' reduction,' food' security' and' natural' resource'
management.'It'also'undertakes'development‐oriented'research.
!
Table&of&Contents
Contributors& 3
Introduction& 4
Between&sustainable&use&and&Farmers’&Rights&5
Italy&and&the&Treaty&6
L’Italia&agricola&8
Agrobiodiversity&in&Italy&9
Bibliography&10
The&National&Plan&for&Agrobiodiversity& 11
Introduction&11
The&state&of&the&art&11
The&National&Plan&12
Conclusions&15
Bibliography&15
Regional&legislation&in&Italy&for&the&protection&of&local&varieties& 17
Introduction&17
Objectives&and&tools&of&the®ional&laws&17
Synergies&with&Article&6&of&the&FAO&Treaty&20
Unresolved&issues&and&future&development&21
Bibliography&25
The&implementation&of&the&directive&on&conservation&varieties& 27
Introduction&27
The&implementation&in&Italy&29
Synergies&with&the&Treaty&31
Conclusions&32
Bibliography&33
Research&and&innovation&initiatives&in&support&of&the&seed&plan& 35
Introduction&35
PRIS2&–&agricultural&biodiversity&36
PRIS2&and&the&sustainable&use&of&agricultural&genetic&resources&37
Conclusions&38
Bibliography&39
Incentives&for&agrobiodiversity:&the&implementation&of&Rural&Development&Plans& 40
Introduction&40
The&RDPs&in&Italy&40
RDPs&in&relation&to&Article&6&of&the&Treaty&45
Conclusions&46
Bibliography&46
White&Sperlonga&Celery&–&a&new&local&variety& 48
1
Introduction&48
How&the&variety&developed&48
Seed&production&49
Between&Conservation&and&Valorization&50
Conclusions&52
Bibliography&53
Marano&Vicentino&a&corn&variety&in&Veneto:&the&importance&of&being&famous!& 54
Introduction&54
This&history&of&Marano&55
The&protection&consortium&57
The&battle&for&the&name&‐&nomina&nuda&tenemus&58
Conclusions&60
Bibliography&61
The&“Quarantina&white”&in&Liguria:&a&potato&as&a&key&to&rural&development& 62
Introduction&62
Rediscovering&the&Quarantina&potato&63
Revitalisation&of&a&local&system&64
The&Quarantina&as&an&example&of&sustainable&use&of&plant&genetic&resources&67
Conclusions&67
Bibliography&68
Synergies&between&Natural&Parks&and&agrobiodiversity:&the&example&of&the&&Abruzzo& 69
Introduction&69
The&evolution&followed&by&ARSSA&70
Agricultural&biodiversity&and&natural&reserves&71
Conclusions&73
Bibliography&73
Can&consumer&choice&foster&more&diversified&farming&systems?&The&experience&of&direct&
sale&in&Toscana& 75
Introduction&75
The&collective&forms&of&direct&sale&in&Italy&76
The&situation&in&the&Tuscany&Region&77
The&exploratory&survey&of&a&number&of&interesting&cases&79
Direct&selling&as&a&means&of&promoting&the&sustainable&use&of&plant&genetic&
resources&pursuant&to&Article&6&of&the&Treaty&83
Institutional&criticality&and&support&to&direct&sale&83
Bibliography&84
Annex& 87
Regional&Draft&Bill&Proposal&88
List&of&&varieties&included&in&the&RDPs&of&Italian&Regions&92
List&of&local&races&included&in&the&RDPs&of&Italian&Regions&98
2
Contributors
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7
BOX&1
Global&Plan&of&Action
Priority&activities&Utilization&of&Plant&Genetic&Resources
14.&Developing&new&markets&for&local&varieties&and&“diversity‐&rich”&products&
208.& Assessment: &Increasingly,& diversity & is& being& replaced& by& uniformity& in &the& agricultural&
market& place.& Changes& in& traditional& cultures& and& in& consumer& preferences& are& one&
explanation.&Concentration&on&productivity,&the&effects&of&advertising&and&the&rise&of &global&
consumer& markets& leading& to& stringent& requirements& being& imposed& on& farmers& and& the&
inadvertent& disincentives& arising & from& legislation,& policies, & programmes& and& other&
institutional& activities& offer& additional& explanations.& Farmers& worldwide& are& losing& once&
strong& incentives& to & provide& an& array& of& varieties.& Both& in& developed& and& developing&
countries,& economic& and& social& incentives& could& be& offered& to& encourage& farmers& who&
continue&to&grow&distinct,&local&varieties&and&produce&“diversity‐rich”&agricultural&products.&
209.&A&programme& to&assist&in&the&creation&of& specialized&niche&markets&for&biodiverse&food&
crops& could & act& as& a& positive& stimulus& to & farmers& to& grow& landraces/farmers’& varieties,&
obsolete& varieties,& and&other &under‐utilized &food& crops.&Such &a& program& should& include& the&
identification&and&removal&of&systemic&institutional&barriers& and&disincentives&to&biodiversity&
conservation&and&production/marketing&
210.&Long‐term&objectives:&Stimulate&stronger&demand&and&more&reliable&market&mechanisms&
for&landraces/farmers’&varieties&and&related&agricultural&products.&
211.&Intermediate&objectives:&To&encourage&farm&suppliers, &food&processors,&food&distributors,&
and& retail& outlets& to& support& the& creation&of &niche& markets& for& diverse& foods,&varieties &and&
products.&
212.& Policy/strategy:& Governments& should & consider,& and& as& appropriate,& adopt& policies& in&
extension,& training,& pricing,& input& distribution,& infrastructure& development,& credit& and&
taxation& which &serve& as& incentives& for& crop& diversification& and &the& creation& of& markets& for&
biodiverse&food&crops, &including&standards&for&labeling&of&foods&which&allow&the&highlighting&
of& use& of& non‐standard& crop& varieties.& Consideration& should& be& given& to& developing&
appropriate&niche&variety®istration&systems&to&permit&and&promote&the&perpetuation,&trial,&
evaluation& and& commercial& distribution & of & local,& obsolete& varieties& and& to& monitoring&
regulations&enacted&for&other&purposes&to& ensure&that&they&do¬&inadvertently&lead&to&the&
extinction&of&varieties.&
213.& As& feasible& and& appropriate, &institutions& should& be& encouraged& to &purchase& “diversity‐
rich”&foods&for&internal&use.&
214. &Capacity:& Processes& and &activities& which& have& or& are& likely& to& have& significant& adverse&
impacts&on&the&conservation&and&sustainable&use&of&biodiversity&should&be&identified&and&their&
effects&on&crop&diversification&monitored.&
215.&Appropriate&bodies,&including&NGOs, &should&promote&public& awareness&in&various&media&
and&through&appropriate&mechanisms,&such&as&street&fairs,&initiatives&in&schools,&etc.&
216.& Coordination/administration: & National& and& local &level & coordination& and& administration&
should&be&most&effective.&
217.&This&activity&is&closely&linked&with:&
■&Supporting&on‐farm&management&and&improvement&of&plant&genetic&resources&for&food&and&
agriculture&
■& Promoting& public& awareness& of& the& value& of& plant& genetic& resources& for& food & and&
agriculture.
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&-,)@2,$)@2!,@(-?,)@2!2,&6,6)&11,)@2,C!262-%2,
$8, %$FC(-&26 ,-$), ?2X-2?3 ,(6 ,&-, Z0!$C2(-,
)2!F63,(6,E2-)2!C!&62H",9!$F,)@2,deee,?()(,
2F2!/26, )@(), Td"Tq, $8, )@2, 8(!F6, @(6, (-,
2%$-$F&%(1, ?&F2-6&$-, 6F(112!, )@(-, T,
Z0!$C2(-,P&F2-6&$-,4-&)26,V4PZW,(-?,)@2,
UUq, &6, 6F(112!, )@(-, d, 4PZ", 9(!F6, 1(!/2!,
)@(-, R`, 4PZ3, )@!26@$1?, (#$52, L@&%@, )@2,
8(!F6, (!2, E2-)2!C!&626H, F(!M2), $!&2-)2?3,
!2C!262-), $-17, )@2, S"Uq, $8, )@2, )$)(1,
VN$F&6F(3,deeTW"
.-, &-)2!26)&-/, 8(%), )$, #2))2!, 0-?2!6)(-?,
;)(1&(-, 8(!F&-/, 676)2F, &6, )@2, L$!M2!6=,
(52!(/2, (/2b, (%%$!?&-/, )$, )@2, deeU,
Z0!$6)(), ?()(3, &-, ;)(17, $-17, )@2, l"Uq, $8 ,)@2,
L$!M2!6, &6, 7$0-/2!, )@(-, lU, 72(!6, (/(&-6),
(-, Z0!$C2(-, (52!(/2, $8, `"Sq, (-?, )@2,
-0F#2!, $8 , 8(!F2!6, $1?2!, )@(-, `m, 72(!6 , &6,
mR"mq", I@2, /2-2!()&$-(1,)0!-$52!, &-?2Y,8$!,
;)(17, &6, )@2, 1$L26), (%!$66 ,(11, )@2, Z0!$C2(-,
%$0-)!&26, 2Y%2C), B$!)0/(1, VN$F&6F(3,
deeTW", .8)2!, (-, &-, ?22C, (-(176&6, $8, )@2,
/2-2!()&$-6,/!$0C6,&-,!21()&$-,)$,)@2,8(!F6,
6&O263,&),2F2!/26,)@2,1(!/26),/!$0C,$8,$1?2!,
C2$C12 ,L$!M, 8$!, )@2,6F(112! ,8(!F6, L&),1266,
)@(-,T,4PZ"
9!$F, ?()(, (-(176&6, %(!!&2?, $52!, )@2, @&/@,
_0(1&)7, C!$?0%)&$-6, (-?, $52!, )@2,
/2$/!(C@&%(1, &-?&%()&$-6, VBPG3, BJ;, (-?,
+IJW, )@2, 1(-?6%(C2, %@(-/26, ?!(F()&%(117",
;)(17, @(6, #2%$F2, (, C$L2!@$062, &-, Z0!$C2,
L&)@, RfU, %2!)&X2?, C!$?0%)&$-6, &-, deeT,
;-)!$?0%)&$-
8
R,!"#$%&'%()*+',-&%,h;)(17,(-?,&)6,(/!&%01)0!(1,62%)$!j,L(6,)@2,)&)12,$8,$-2,)@2,F$6),&FC$!)(-),(/!&%01)0!(1,
L22M17,-2L6C(C2!,?0!&-/,)@2,=Ue"
!2C!262-)&-/,)@2,dRq,$8,)@2,Z0!$C2(-,)$)(1,
8$11$L2?,#7,9!(-%2,L&)@,R`e,(-?,+C(&-,L&)@,
RdR", I@2, F(!M2), 8$!, )@262, C!$?0%)6, &6,
/!$L&-/,8(6),(-?,&-,)@2,1(6),)@!22,72(!6 ,@(6,
!2%$!?2?,2YC(-6&$-,&-,#$)@,C!$?0%)&$-,(-?,
)0!-$52!, VK$6()&, (-?, A2!!&-&3, deeSW",
J2$/!(C@&%(1 , &-?&%()&$-6, (!2, (, 6)!$-/, 1&-M,
#2)L22-, )@2, 0-?2!17&-/, )2!!&)$!73, )@2,
%01)0!2, (-?, (/!&%01)0!2, (-?, )@2&!, C!262-%2,
&-, ;)(17, &6, (, ?2F$-6)!()&$-, )$, )@2,
&FC$!)(-%2, $8, )@&6, 1&-M, (6, ?!&5&-/, 8(%)$! ,&-,
)@2, 2%$-$F&%(1, (/!&%01)0!(1, ?2521$CF2-),
6)&11,&-,)@262,?(76"
;-,60FF(!73,)@2,/2-2!(1,6&)0()&$-,&6,$-2,$8,
(-, (/!&%01)0!(1 , 62%)$!, #(1(-%2?, #2)L22-,
)!(?&)&$-,(-?,F$?2!-&O()&$-,L@2!2,&-,252!7,
?(7, 1&82 , 8(!F2!6, (!2, )!7&-/, )$, X-?, -2L,
6$10)&$-6,&-,$!?2!,)$,$C2!()2,&-,)@2,62%)$!",
;), &6,(16$, &FC$!)(-),)$, 6)!2663,(6 ,6$F2, %(62,
6)0?&26, L&11, C$&-), $0)3, )@(), )@2, 1(!/26),
C$!)&$-, $8, )@2 , (/!$, #&$?&52!6&)7, (-?, )@2,
)!(?&)&$-(1,M-$L12?/2,(66$%&()2?,&6,060(117,
C!262!52?,#7,)@2, /!$0C,$8,8(!F6,-$),1&6)2?,
(6,E2-)2!C!&626H,VsT4?ZW, (-?, F(-(/2?, #7,
C2$C12,$1?2!,)@(-,`U,72(!6",9$!,)@&6,!2(6$-3,
&), &6, $8, C(!(F$0-), &FC$!)(-%2, )$, (?$C),
C$1&%&26, )$, )(%M12, )@262, 6)!0%)0!(1,
L2(M-26626,#7, (5$&?&-/, 1$66,$8,M-$L>@$L,
(-?, 622?6 , ?02, )$, /2-2!()&$- , /(C6, (-?, )$,
C!$F$)2, 2%$-$F&%(13, 6$%&(1 , (-?, %01)0!(1,
%$-?&)&$-6,L@2!2,)@262,8(!F6,%(-,%$-)&-02,
)$,$C2!()2",;-,8(%)3,)@2,/1$#(1,F(!M2),&6,-$),
L&)@&-, )@2, !2(%@, 8$!, )@262, 8(!F2!6, )@()3,
L&)@$0), )@2, F0%@>-22?2?,C!$)2%)&$-63, (!2,
?$$F2?, )$, ?&6(CC2(!, L&)@ , )@2&!, C(!)&%01(!,
M-$L12?/2, (-?, 622?6", E\&5&-/, )@2 , 8()2, $8,
6$&1, (-?, C2$C12, )$, )@2, F(!M2), L$01?, #2,
)(-)(F$0-),)$,(--&@&1()&-/,)@2FH,VB$1(-7&3,
RSUfW"
Agrobiodiversity&in&Italy
I@&6, !2C$!) , 8$%0626, $-, 606)(&-(#12, 062, $8,
C1(-), /2-2)&% , !26$0!%26, &-, ;)(17", ;) , (&F6, (),
(-(176&-/,(,-0F#2!,$8,%(62,6)0?&263,!(-/&-/,
8!$F, )@2, &-6)&)0)&$-6, )$, )@2, %&5&1, 6$%&2)73,
8(11&-/,L&)@&-,)@2,8!(F2L$!M,$8,(!)&%12,`,$8,
)@2, ;-)2!-()&$-(1, I!2()7, $-, B1(-), J2-2)&%,
K26$0!%26, 8$!, 9$$?, (-?, ./!&%01)0!2",
90!)@2!F$!23, &), C!262-)6, )@2F, (6, C$66,
L(76, $8, &FC12F2-)&-/, )@&6, (!)&%12 , &-, (,
-$!)@2!-,(-?,&-?06)!&(1&O2?,%$0-)!7",
I@2, ?&a2!2-), %(62, 6)0?&26, C$&-), $0), )@2,
0-&_02, !$12, )@(), (/!$#&$?&52!6&)7, @(6,
C1(72?, (-?, 6)&11 , C1(76, &-, 6@(C&-/, 8(!F&-/,
676)2F63, (/!&%01)0!(1, 1(-?6%(C2, (-?, 8$$?,
@(#&)6, &-, )@2, ;)(1&(-, C2-&-601(", ;), &6,
L$!)@L@&12, )$, C$&-), $0), )@()3 ,252-, &8, ;)(17,
@(6, %@(-/2?, 6&-%2, A(5&1$5=6, )&F23,
(/!$#&$?&52!6&)7,&6,6)&11,%01)&5()2?,(-?,@(6,(,
/!$L&-/, !$12, &-, )@2 , -()&$-(1 , (-?, !2/&$-(1,
C$1&%&26,$-,!0!(1,?2521$CF2-)",
I@2,X!6) ,C(!), $8 ,)@2, !2C$!), ?2(16, L&)@, )@2,
?&a2!2-), C$1&%&26, (-?, C1(-63, 62), 0C, #7,
&-6)&)0)&$-(1,#$?&26,L&)@&-,)@2,%$-62!5()&$-,
(-?, 606)(&-(#12, 062, $8, (/!$#&$?&52!6&)7",
;)(17, @(6, #22-, )@2, X!6), Z0!$C2(-, %$0-)!7,
@(5&-/, (, 6C2%&X%, 1(L, $-, %$-62!5()&$-,
5( !&2 )&26c, &-, )@&6, !2C$!), C(!)&%0 1(! 17,
())2 - ) & $ -, &6, C ( & ?, ) $, ? 2 6 % ! &# 2, )@2,
-2/$)&()&$-, C!$%266, (-?, @$L, )@&6, 1(L,
!21()26, L&)@, )@2, Z0!$C2(-, ?&!2%)&52, $-,
%$-62!5()&$-, 5(!&2)&26, V`dodeeTo[ZW", I@&6,
1(L, @(6, #22-, %$-%2&52?, (6, (, -()&$-(1,
@(!F$-&O()&$-,$8,)@2,2Y&6)&-/,!2/&$-(1,1(L6,
$-, C!$F$)&$-, (-?, %$-62!5()&$-, $8, 1$%(1,
5(!&2)&26, (-?, #!22?6", 9$!, &-6)(-%23, 6&Y,
;-)!$?0%)&$-
9
“In& Italy,& the& high& percentage& of& land&
under& cultivation & is& striking& …& [For& this&
reason,]&knowledge&of&Italy&and&its&Island&
is& of& fundamental& importance& to& any&
under&standing&of&Mediterranean&culture&
[and& agriculture].&A& considerable& portion&
of& [Italy’s]& mountainous& areas& are&
covered&with&plantations& tress&planted&in&
straight& rows& for& fruit,& nut& or& timber&
production& whose& trunks& are& entine& by&
gr ape vines,& and& those& int ers pac es&
between& rows& are& seeded& with& wheat,&
fava& beans,& barley& or& other&
crops.”&(Vavilov,&1997)
!2/&$-6, @(52, (1!2(?7, 26)(#1&6@2?, 6C2%&X%,
!0126, $-, (/!$#&$?&52!6&)7, )@(), %(-, #2,
%$-6&?2!2?, $-2, $8, )@2, F$6), &-)2!26)&-/,
2Y(FC126, $8, C!$5&?&-/, (, 12/(1, 8!(F2L$!M,
8$!, )@2, %$-62!5()&$-, $8, 1$%(1, /2-2)&%,
!26$0!%26, &-, N$!)@2!-, %$0-)!&26" , I@2, 1&-M6,
$8, )@262, !2/&$-(1, 1(L6, L&)@, )@2, K0!(1,
?2521$CF2-), C1(-6,$8 ,)@2 ,Z0!$C2(-,4-&$-,
(!2, 2Y(F&-2?, &-, $!?2!, )$, 6@$L, )@2&!,
67-2!/&26",
IL$,F$!2,&-6)&)0)&$-(1,%(62,6)0?&26,(-(1762,
$)@2!, C2%01&(!&)&26 , $8, ;)(17", I@2 ,X!6) , &6, )@2,
N()&$-(1,C1(-,$-,(/!$#&$?&52!6&)7,(CC!$52?,
&-, deeT,#7 ,)@2, *&-&6)!7, $8,./!&%01)0!23, (-?,
)@2, 62%$-?, &6, )@2, +22?, &-)2!!2/&$-(1,
C!$/!(FF2, L@$62, !2601)6, @(52, #22-,
C!262-)2?, 1(6), 72(!", , ;-, #$)@, %(626, )@2,
!2C$!),0-?2!1&-26,)@2 ,@0/2,!$12,)@(),C0#1&%,
C$1&%&26, C1(7, 8$!, )@2, 606)(&-(#12, 062, $8,
(/!$#&$?&52!6&)73, (-?, )@2, -22?, $8,
6)!2-/)@2-&-/, )@2, %$$!?&-()&$-, (F$-/,
?&a2!2-), 6)(M2@$1?2!63, 2"/", C0#1&%, #$?&263,
(/!&%01)0!(1, !262(!%@, %2-)!263, 8(!F2!6=,
(66$%&()&$-63,622?,6(52!6"
I@2 , 62%$-?, C(!), $8, )@2, !2C$!) , ?2(16, L&)@,
2YC2!&2-%26,0-?2!)(M2-,#7,?&a2!2-),(%)$!6,
$8, %&5&1, 6$%&2)7b, 6&-/12, 8(!F2!63, 8(!F2!6=,
(66$%&()&$-6, (-?, %$-60F2!6", I@262, %(62,
6)0?&26, 2FC@(6&O2, )@2, &FC$!)(-%2, $8,
(/!$#&$?&52!6&)7, &-, F(&-)(&-&-/,
(/!$2%$676)2F6, 8!$F, #$)@, 2%$1$/&%(1 ,(-?,
2%$-$F&%(1,C$&-),$8,5&2L",
.6,6(&?,#7,N(#@(-3,8(!F2!6=,M-$L12?/2,6)&11,
2Y&6)6, &-, ;)(173, F(&-17, &-, )@$62, F(!/&-(1,
(!2(6, -$),72), $52!L@21F2?, #7, (/!&%01)0!(1,
F$?2!-&O()&$-", +2(!%@&-/, 8$!, )@262,
2Y(FC126, )@!$0/@$0), ;)(173, )@2, !2C$!),
6@$L6, @$L, &--$5()&$- ,&6,C!$?0%2?,&-,!0!(1,
(!2(6, F&Y&-/, C(6), (-?, C!262-)3, !2>06&-/,
(/!$#&$?&52!6&)7, 8$!, -2L, %@(112-/26, (-?,
-22?6",
Bibliography
N(#@(-,J"B"3,deeT"(./0+0(12+(3--4(5-607(
3+-68( 90$+%,':*( ;'<-&%=( >%?'&-?@7(
A207$($-(B:4(3%6':03,,+@2(!L()2!
N$F&6F(3, deeS", C#( 9%DD-+$-( ;-6'76%(
72'&&@)*+',-&$2+%( #$%&'%:%3, ;1, +$12, dm,
G!2,Z?(/!&%$123,*&1(-$"
B$1(-7&,r"3,RSUf",E/0(F+0%$(E+%:7G-+6%$'-:8(
$/0(H-&'$',%&(%:4(B,-:-6',(1+'*':7( -G(
12+(E'60I(<2(%$-,B!266"
K$6()&,*"3,A2!!&-&,\"3,deeS",)$&%:$0(J2%&'?'$%(
KLLMN( #( D+-4-$$'( %*+-%&'60:$%+'(
'$%&'%:'( O1HI( #FHI( PEF3, Z?&O&$-&, ?21,
J06)$"
A(5&1$5,;"3,RSSf",,3'?0(5-:$':0:$73,;BJK;"
A(-, P2!, B1$2/, t"P"3, deeT", E/0( ;0Q(
H0%7%:$+'078( P$+2**&07( G-+( )2$-:-6=(
%:4(P27$%':%R'&'$=(':(%:(B+%(-G(B6D'+0(
%:4(F&-R%&'S%$'-:3,Z(!)@6%(-,\)?"
;-)!$?0%)&$-
10
& & “For& the& 551& species& of &cultivated &plants&
that& have& been & recorded& in& nothern & and&
central&Italy,&Italian&farmers&informally&use&
no& less& than & 10,672& vernacular& names& to&
refer&to&them”&(Nabhan,&2008)
The&National&Plan&for&Agrobiodiversity
*(!&(,9!(-%26%(,N$--23,K&%%(!?$,<$%%&
E[<P, .!)&%12 , `, !282!6, )$, N()&$-(1,
<&$?&52!6&)7, +)!()2/&26,(-? ,.%)&$-,
B1(-6, VN<+.B6W3, h"""j, L@&%@, (!2,
&-)2 - ?2?, )$, C!$F$)2, &- ) 2!>
62%)$!(1,%$$C2!()&$-3,)$L(!?6,)@2,
/$(1, $8, 606)(&-(#12, 062", 9$!,
C0!C$62, $8, (CC17&-/, )@2 , N<+.B6,
%$-%2C), L&)@&- , )@2, I!2()73, )@$62,
) 2 ! F 6, ( ! 2, 6 2 2 -, $ 8 ) 2 -, ( 6,
62_02-)&(1b, +)!()2/&263, 62), $0),
6C2%&X%, !2%$FF2-?()&$-6, $!,
6)2C6, 8$!, -()&$-(1, (%)&$-3, B1(-63,
2YC1(&-, @$L, (, 6)!()2/7=6, 6C2%&X%,
!2%$FF2-?()&$-6, L&11, #2,
(%@& 2 5 2 ?3, ( - ?, B !$ / !( F F2 6,
&FC12F2-),6)!()2/&26,(-?,C1(-6H,
V*$$!2,(-?,I7F$L6M&3,deeUW
Introduction&
;)(17, !()&X2?, )@2, [$-52-)&$-, $8, <&$1$/&%(1,
P&52!6&)7, V[<PW, &-, RSSm3, #0), ?!(8)&-/, )@2,
!2_0&!2?, N()&$-(1,B1(-, 8$!, <&$?&52!6&)7,L(6,
12-/)@7, (-?,?&n%01), #2%(062,$8 ,)@2,1(%M, $8,
%$$!?&-()&$-, (F$-/, )@2, *&-&6)!&26,
&-5$152?", ;-?22?3, )L$, ?!(8), B1(-6, L2!2,
C!2 C(!2 ?, &-, )@2, 1( )2, =Se 63, $- 2, $-,
(/!&%01)0!(1,#&$?&52!6&)7,V8$!,)@2,*&-&6)!7,$8,
./!&%01)0!(13, 9$$?, (-?, 9$!26)!7, B$1&%&26, u,
*&B..9W, (-?, $-2, 8$!, -()0!(1, #&$?&52!6&)7,
V8$!, )@2, *&-&6)!7, $8, )@2, Z-5&!$-F2-)W3, #0),
-$, 6&-/12, -()&$-(1, C1(-, L(6, (!!&52?, ()",
<&$?&52!6&)7, &6, (, )!(-652!6(1,&6602 ,&-5$15&-/,
(, 62!&26, $8, &-6)&)0)&$-(1, C1(72!6, #$)@,
-()&$-(117, (-?, &-)2!-()&$-(117, (-? ,!2_0&!26,
?21&%()2, %$$!?&-()&$-, (F$-/, ?&a2!2-),
&-6)&)0)&$-6", <&$?&52!6&)7, E&6, )@2, 1&-M,
#2)L22-, %!&)&%(1 , (!2(6, $8, L$!1?, C$1&)&%6b,
&-)2112%)0(1, C!$C2!)73, 2-5&!$-F2-)(1,
C!$)2%)&$-3, (/!&%01)0!2, (-?,
)!(?2H,VK(06)(1&(,(-?,A&%)$!3,deemW",;-,deem,
;)(17, (16$, !()&X2?, )@2, I!2()7, $-, B1(-),
J2-2)&%, K26$0!%263, 9$$?, (-?, ./!&%01)0!2,
V;IBJK9.W, L&)@, (-, (4( /-,, 1(L, )@(),
?25$152?,)@2 ,C$L2!,)$,&FC12F2-),&),)$,)@2,
K2/&$-6", I@&6, 1(0-%@2?, (, C@(62, $8,
-2/$)&()&$-,#2)L22-,K2/&$-(1,(-?,-()&$-(1,
/$52!-F2-)6,L@&%@,2-?2?,&-,deeT,L&)@,)@2,
(CC!$5(1, $8, )@2, N()&$-(1, B1(-, 8$!,
./!&%01)0!(1,<&$?&52!6&)7, VBN<.W, L&)@&-,)@2,
+)()2>K2/&$-, [$-82!2-%2", *$!2$52!3, )@&6,
B1(-, %(-, #2, %$-6&?2!2?, $-2 ,$8, )@2, !2601)6,
$8,)@2,E;--$5()&$-,(-?,K262(!%@,;-&)&()&526,
&-,60CC$!),$8,)@2,+22?,B1(-H,C!$D2%)3,L@&%@,
2YC1&%&)17,%(116,8$!,-()&$-(1,%$$!?&-()&$-,(-?,
C1(--&-/,&-5$15&-/,(11,60#D2%)6,(%)&52,&-,)@2,
X21?6, $8, %$-62!5()&$-, (-?, (/!&%01)0!(1,
#&$?&52!6&)7, V622, <$%%&, (-?, N$--2, &-, )@&6,
&6602W", I@&6,C!$5&?2?, (, -()&$-(1,8!(F2L$!M,
8$!, )@2, &-&)&()&526, )@(), C!&5()2, (-?, C0#1&%,
60#D2%)6 ,@(?, %(!!&2?, $0), (), 1$%(13, !2/&$-(1,
(-?, &-)2!!2/&$-(1 , 125216, 2-)&)1&-/, )@2F, )$,
&-%106&$-, L&)@&-, )@2, Z0!$C2(-, (-?,
&-)2!-()&$-(1,12/&61()&52,%$-)2Y)",
The&state&of&the&art
I@2, B1(-, L(6, 062801, 8$!, %$-?0%)&-/, (,
C!21&F&-(!7, 60!527, $8, (11, (%)&5&)&26, 6$, (6, )$,
?25&62,(,/2-2!(1,F$?06,$C2!(-?&,(-?,(,L(7,
$8, C!$)2%)&-/, (/!$#&$?&52!6&)7, L@&%@, %$01?,
#2, ?&662F&-()2?, &-, )@2 , C!&5()2, (-?, C0#1&%,
62%)$!6, (-?, &-, )@2, 6C@2!2, $8, !262(!%@, &-,
$!?2!, )$, 6@(!2, &-&)&()&526,(-?, F(M2,!2601)6,
%$FC(!(#12"
I@2!2, (!2, F(-7, 60#D2%)6, L$!M&-/, &-,
!262(!%@b, $!/(-&6()&$-6, #21$-/&-/, )$, )@2,
[$0-%&1, 8$!, K262(!%@ , (-?, ZYC2!&F2-)()&$-,
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8!$F, )@2,*&-&6)!7,$8,)@2,Z-5&!$-F2-), (-?,
I2!!&)$!&(1,(-?, *(!&)&F2, B!$)2%)&$-, (-?, 6&Y,
!2C!262-)()&526, 8!$F, )@2, K2/&$-6 , (-?,
+C2%&(1,+)()0)2,B!$5&-%26", ZYC2!)6, &-,$)@2!,
(!2(6, L@$, (!2, -$), $-, )@2, [$FF&))22, F(7,
#2,%$>$C)2?,8!$F,)&F2,)$,)&F2,(%%$!?&-/,)$,
!2_0&!2F2-)6, 6$, (6 , )$, 26)(#1&6@, (, Q2Y{,
&-)2!62%)$!(1, 6)!0%)0!2 , (#12, )$, ?&(1$/02,
L&)@, &-6)&)0)&$-(1, (-?, C!&5()2, (%)$!6", ;)6,
#!&28, &6, )$, &FC12F2-), )@2, B1(-, (-?, ?2X-2,
)@2, C!&$!&)&26, $8, )@2, 6&-/12, &-&)&()&526,
I@2,N()&$-(1,B1(-,8$!,./!$#&$?&52!6&)7
14
C!$/!(FF2?", I@2, $#D2%)&526 ,)$, L@&%@, )@2,
[$FF&))22, ?2%&?2?, )$, /&52, C!&$!&)7, 8$!,
deeS,(!2,(6,8$11$L6b
R" ;?2-)&87,)@2,?26%!&C)$!6,8$!,)@2,5(!&$06,
6C2%&26c
d" P2X-2, )@2, &-526)&/()&52, (-?,
%@(!(%)2!&6()&$-, F2)@$?$1$/&26, 8$!,
1$%(1,#!22?6,(-?,5(!&2)&26c
l" P2X-2, )@2, /0&?21&-26, 8$!, C!$C2!,
%$-62!5()&$-, &-, 6&)0o$-, 8(!F, (-?, 2Y,
6&)0c
m" P2X-2, )@2, !&6M, $8, /2-2)&%, 2!$6&$-, #7,
F2(-6,$8,6C2%&X%,&-?&%()$!6"
;-,)@&6,L(73, )@2, [$FF&))22, &-)2-?6 ,$-,)@2,
$-2, @(-?, )$, %$>$!?&-()2, (F$-/, )@2,
K2/&$-6, L@$, (1!2(?7, @(52, 6C2%&X%,
#&$?&52!6&)7, C!$)2%)&$-, 12/&61()&$-, &-, C1(%2,
V<2!)(%%@&-&3, deeSW, (-?, $-, )@2, $)@2!, )$,
C!$5&?2, )2%@-&%(1>6%&2-)&X%, 60CC$!), )$,
)@$62,K2/&$-6,L@$,6)&11,@(52,-$-2",
Conclusions
I@2, B1(-, &6, )@2, 67-)@26&6, $8, (, 6&/-&X%(-),
F$52, )$L(!?6, %$>$!?&-()&$-, (F$-/, )@2,
5(!&$06, (!2(6, $8, C0#1&%, (?F&-&6)!()&$-,
L@&%@, (6, L211, (6, )(M&-/, )@2, &-)2!>
?&6%&C1&-(!7, -()0!2, $8, (/!&%01)0!(1,
#&$?&52!6&)7,&-)$,(%%$0-),(16$,%$-6&?2!6,)@2,
-22?, )$, %$F#&-2, 1$%(1, (-?, /1$#(1,
?&F2-6&$-6, (-?, )$, 26)(#1&6@, ?&(1$/02,
#2)L22-, ?&a2!2-), (%)$!6", ;), (16$, &-?&%()26,
)@2, /!$L&-/, &-)2!26), &-, ;)(17, 8$!,
(/!$#&$?&52!6&)7, -$), $-17, (6, (, F0620F,
%0!&$6&)7, $!, (6, (, F2(-6, $8, C!$5&?&-/,
5(!&(#&1&)7, 8$!, /2-2)&%, &FC!$52F2-)3, #0),
(16$, (6, (-, &-)(-/, (662), )$, 6(82/0(!?3,
#$0-?,&-,L&)@,$0!,%!$C6,(-?,)!(?&)&$-6"
G-2, 1(6), !2Q2%)&$-, %$-%2!-6, &-5$152F2-),
$8,)@2,/2-2!(1,C0#1&%, (-?,$8,8(!F2!6,&-,)@2,
BN<., (-? , &)6, &FC12F2-)()&$-", ;), F06) , #2,
6(&?, )@(),(, %2!)(&-, (F$0-), $8,?&n%01)7, @(6,
#22-, 2-%$0-)2!2?, &-, $C2-&-/, 0C,?2%&6&$->
F(M&-/,C!$%26626,(-?,&-,%$-82!!&-/,(,F$!2,
(%)&52, !$12, )$, )@262, 60#D2%)6", P26C&)2, )@2,
B1(-, 2YC1&%&)17, 6)()&-/, )@() , E&), &6, )@2!28$!2,
-2%266(!7, )@() , )@2, -2)L$!M, $8, 8(!F2!6, (),
1$%(1, 12521 ,#2, &?2-)&X2?, (6 , )@2, 801%!0F, 8$!,
) @ 2, % $ - 6 2 ! 5 ( ) & $ -, $ 8, / 2 - 2 ) & %,
!26$0!%26H, VBN<.3, deeTW3, 8(!F2!63, )$, (11,
&-)2-)6, (-?, C0!C$626, @(52, #22-, M2C), $0),
$8,)@2,-2/$)&()&-/,C!$%266,(-?,!212/()2?,)$,
)@2, ! $ 1 2 , $ 8, F2!2, E%06)$?&(-6H, $ 8,
(/!$#&$?&52!6&)7",90!)@2!F$!23 ,)@2,L$!M,$8,
!262(!%@, (-?, %$-62!5()&$-, %$-?0%)2?, #7,
%&5&1, 6$%&2)7, &6, (16$, (#62-), 8!$F, )@2, B1(-,
?26C&)2, &), @(5&-/, !2(%@2?, (, C2!%2C),
%!&)&%(1,F(66",
Bibliography
<2!)(%%@&-&, Z"3, deeS", 90*'-:%&( &0*'7&%$'-:( ':(
#$%&=( G-+( $/0( D+-$0,$'-:( -G( &-,%&(
?%+'0$'073, t$0!-(1 ,$8, ./!&%01)0!2, (-?,
Z-5&!$-F2-), 8$!, ;-)2!-()&$-(1,
P2521$CF2-)3,5$1",Rel3,N",R>d"
[JK9.3, deef", B&0?0:$/( 90*2&%+( P077'-:( -G(
$/0(5-66'77'-:(-:(F0:0$',(907-2+,07(
G-+( ( 3--4( %:4( )*+',2&$2+03, K$F23,
;)(173, RR, u, RU, t0-2, deef3, 9$$?, (-?,
./!&%01)0!2, G!/(-&O()&$-, $8, )@2,
4-&)2?,N()&$-6",
9(1%&-211&, *"3, deeT", )S'-:'( 4'( '::-?%S'-:0( 0(
+',0+,%( %( 72DD-+$-( 40&( D'%:-(
:%S'-:%&0( 7060:$'0+'( U( )S'-:'( %(
, % + % $ $ 0 + 0( + 0 * ' - : % & 0 ", K 2 ) 2,
;-)2!!2/&$-(12,C2!,1(,K&%2!%(,./!(!&(3,
9$!26)(123,(%_0(%$1)0!(,2,C26%("
*(!&-$,P"3,deeR",!0(D-&'$',/0(0( &0(7$+%$0*'0(%(
&'?0&&-( ':$0+:%S'-:%&0( 0(:%S'-:%&0( D0+(
&%( 7%&?%*2%+4'%( 0( &%( ?%&-+'SS%S'-:0(
40&&%( R'-4'?0+7'$V3, I&C$/!(X(, .!)&,
J!(X%@2",
*21$OO&, \"3, deeS", #:,0:$'?07( G-+(
%*+-R'-4'?0+7'$=( Q'$/':($/0( B2+-D0%:(
W:'-:8($/0(+-&0(-G (92+%&(O0?0&-D60:$(
H&%:73, t$0!-(1 , $8, ./!&%01)0!2, (-?,
Z-5&!$-F2-), 8$!, ;-)2!-()&$-(1,
P2521$CF2-)3,5$1",Rel3,N",R>d"
*$$!2, J", (-?, I7F$L6M&, g"3, deeU",
B T D & % : % $ - + =( F 2 ' 4 0( $ -( $ / 0(
#:$0+:%$'-:%&(E+0%$=(-:(H&%:$(F0:0$',(
907-2+,07( G-+( 3--4( %:4( )*+',2&$2+03,
;4[N,Z-5&!$-F2-)(1,B$1&%7, (-?, \(L,
B(C2!,N$",Uf"
B&(-$, N(O&$-(12, 6011(, <&$?&52!6&)w, ?&,
;-)2!2662, ./!&%$1$3, deeS", *&-&6)2!$,
?2112,B$1&)&%@2,./!&%$123,.1&F2-)(!&,2,
9$!26)(1&"
I@2,N()&$-(1,B1(-,8$!,./!$#&$?&52!6&)7
15
K(06)&(1(,r"3,A&%)$!, P",J"3,deem",E/0( 90*'60(
5-6D&0T(G-+(H&%:$(F0:0$',(907-2+,073,
;-)2!-()&$-(1, G!/(-&O()&$-3, A$1", UT3,
-",d",
+L(F&-()@(-,*"+"3,deed",E/0( H%7$I(H+070:$(
%:4( 32$2+0( 5-:$+'R2$'-:7( -G( 3%+60+7(
$ -( $ / 0( 5 - : 7 0 + ? % $ ' - :( % : 4(
O0?0&-D60:$( -G( F0:0$', ( O'?0+7'$=3,&-,
Z-/2163,K(F(-()@(3,<!$L-3,t(%M6$-,
V2?6"W3, X%:%*':*( H&%:$( F0:0$',(
O'?0+7'$=3,[.<;,B0#1&6@&-/"
I@2,N()&$-(1,B1(-,8$!,./!$#&$?&52!6&)7
16
Regional& legislation& in& Italy& for& the&
protection&of&local&varieties1
Z-!&%$,<2!)(%%@&-&
Introduction
;)(1&(-,!2/&$-(1,12/&61()&$-,&6,$-2,$8,)@2 ,82L,
$C2!()&$-(1,2Y(FC126,(),Z0!$C2(-,12521,8$!,
C!$)2%)&-/, (-?, 2-@(-%&-/, )@2, /2-2)&%,
!26$0!%26,8$!,8$$?,(-?,(/!&%01)0!2",;-,F(-7,
L(76, &), %(-, #2, %$-6&?2!2?, (, 8$!2!0--2!, $8,
!2/01()&$-6,(),-()&$-(1,(-?,Z0!$C2(-,125216,
&-, 1&-2, L&)@, )@2,(&F6, $8, )@2,9.G, )!2()7,$-,
C1(-), /2-2)&%, !26$0!%26, 8$!, 8$$?, (-?,
(/!&%01)0!2,V;IBJK9.W",
I@2, $!&/&-6, $8, )@&6, 2YC2!&2-%2, (!2, )$, #2,
8$0-?,&-,)@2,I06%(-,K2/&$-(1,\(L,UeoSf,$-,
EI@2,C!$)2%)&$-, $8, (0)$%@)@$-$06,/2-2)&%,
!26$0!%26H, L@&%@, L(6, 1()2!, 8$11$L2?, #7,
6&F&1(!,&-&)&()&526,$-,)@2,C(!),$8,)@2,K2/&$-6,
$8, \(O&$3, 4F#!&(3, 9!&01&, A2-2O&(, J&01&(3,
*(!%@2, (-?, ZF&1&(, K$F(/-(, V622, )(#12W",
4-?2!17&-/, )@262, &-&)&()&526, &6, )@2,
(L(!2-266, )@(), )@2!2, (!2, $-17, (, 82L,
!2F(&-&-/, 1$%(1, $!, $1?, 5(!&2)&26, #2&-/,
/!$L-, &-, ;)(17, )$?(7, V9.G3, RSSTW", I@2,
&-)2!26),$8,&-?&5&?0(1,8(!F2!6,&-,F(&-)(&-&-/,
(0)$%@)@$-$06, #!22?6, (-?, 5(!&2)&26, &6,
?2%1&-&-/,6&-%2,)@2!2,&6,-$,2%$-$F&%,/(&-,&-,
C!262!5&-/, (-?, 2YC1$&)&-/, (/!&%01)0!(1,
?&52!6&)7", I@&6 , F2(-6, )@(), )@2, @2!&)(/2 , $8,
6C2%&26, (-?, 5(!&2)7, $8, &-)2!26), )$,
(/!&%01)0!2, (-?, @06#(-?!7, C!262-), &-, )@2,
)2!!&)$!7, &6, (), !&6M, $8, /2-2)&%, 2!$6&$-, (-?,
@2-%2, !2_0&!26, F2(60!26, )@(), L & 1 1,
2-%$0!(/2, %$-62!5()&$-, (-?, C!$5&?2,
&-%2-)&526, )$L(!?6, 606)(&-(#12, 062, $8,
(0)$%@)@$-$06,/2-2)&%,!26$0!%26"
;-, )@2, ;)(1&(-, %$-)2Y)3, )@2, !2/&$-(1, 1(L6,
(16$, (%), (6 , (, 062801, 1$%(1, )26), #2-%@, 6&-%2,
)@2,;)(1&(-,%$-6)&)0)&$-,6)()26d,)@(),K2/&$-6,
(!2, 2FC$L2!2?, )$, 12/&61()2, $-, F())2!6, $8,
(/!&%01)0!2", 90!)@2!F$!23, )@2, ;)(1&(-, 1(L,
)!(-6C$6&-/,;IBJK9.l,2YC!26617,6)()26,)@(),
)@2,K2/&$-6,(!2,)@2 ,C!&-%&C(1,60#D2%)6, L&)@,
L@$F, !26C$-6&#&1&)7 , 1&26, 8$!, &FC12F2-)&-/,
)@2, )!2()7", I@2, 2YC2!&2-%2, L&)@, )@2,
K2/&$-(1, 1(L63, )@2!28$!23, @&/@1&/@)6, )@2,
&FC$!)(-%2, $8, )@2, 1$%(1, %$-)2Y), &-,
(??!266&-/,)@2,_026)&$-,$8,)@2,606)(&-(#12,
062, $8, /2-2)&%, !26$0!%26", ;-, C(!)&%01(!3,
%$F#&-&-/, )2!!&)$!&(1, ?2521$CF2-), L&)@,
(/!&%01)0!(1, #&$?&52!6&)7, (CC2(!6, )$, #2, (-,
(CC!$C!&()2, 6)!()2/7, 8$!, @(!F$-&6&-/, 1$%(1,
&-%2-)&526, (-?, /1$#(1 ,$#D2%)&526 ,&-, C0!60&),
$8, )@2 , %$FF$-, /$$?, ?2!&5&-/, 8!$F, )@2,
606)(&-(#12, 062, $8, /2-2)&%, !26$0!%26 , 8$!,
8$$?,(-?,(/!&%01)0!2,V:2182!3deeUW"
Objectives&and&tools&of&the®ional&laws
I@2, $#D2%)&52, $8, )@2, !2/&$-(1, 1(L6, &6, )$,
6(82/0(!?, (-?, 2-@(-%2, )@2, @2!&)(/2, $8,
(0) $ % @ )@$-$0 6, / 2- 2) &%, !26$ 0 ! %2 63,
26C2%&(117,)@$62,(),!&6M, $8,2!$6&$-",;-, 6$F2,
%(6263, $-17, (-&F(1, (-?, C1(-), 5(!&2)&26, $8,
(/!&%01)0!(1, &-)2!26), (!2, %$-6&?2!2?, V\(O&$3,
4F#!&(, (-?, *(!%@2W3, L@2!2(6, &-, $)@2!63,
C!$)2%)&$-, (-?, 2-@(-%2F2-), &6, 2Y)2-?2?,
)$,8$!26)!7,!26$0!%26,VI$6%(-(,(-?,9!&01&W",
.1)@$0/@, )@2, C0!C$62, $8, )@2 , F(D$!&)7, $8,
1(L6, &6, )$, C!$)2%), (0)$%@)@$-$06, /2-2)&%,
K2/&$-(1,12/&61()&$-,&-,;)(17,8$!,)@2,C!$)2%)&$-,$8,1$%(1,5(!&2)&26
17
R, I@&6, (!)&%12, @(6, #22-, C0#1&6@2? ,$-, )@2, t$0!-(1, $8, ./!&%01)0!2, (-? ,Z-5&!$-F2-) ,8$! , ;-)2!-()&$-(1,
P2521$CF2-)3,5$1",Red",N",R>d"
d,[$-6)&)0)&$-(1,\(L ,N!", l, $8,RT, G%)$#2!, deeR,E.F2-?F2-)6 ,)$,I&)12 ,A,B(!), ;;, $8, )@2,[$-6)&)0)&$-H, (F2-?6, )@2,
12/&61()&52, (!2(, $8, !26C$-6&#&1&)7, #2)L22-, +)()2, (-?, K2/&$-, ?2X-&-/, L@&%@, F())2!6, (!2, )@2, 2Y%106&52,
!26C$-6&#&1&)7, $8, )@2, +)()2, (-?, L@&%@, (!2, 60#D2%), )$, D$&-), +)()2oK2/&$-, 12/&61()&$-", N$), #2&-/, 2YC!26617,
2(!F(!M2?, 8$!, 2&)@2!, +)()2, $!, D$&-), 12/&61()&$-3, (/!&%01)0!2, &6, $-2, $8, )@2, !26&?0(1, F())2!6, $8, K2/&$-(1,
!26C$-6&#&1&)7",9$!,F$!2,?2)(&16,622,J2!F(-x,VdeelW"
l,\(L,N!",ReR,$8,`,.C!&1,deem,vK()&X26,(-?,&FC12F2-)6,)@2,&-)2!-()&$-(1,I!2()7,$8,B1(-),J2-2)&%,K26$0!%26,8$!,
9$$?,(-?,./!&%01)0!2,&-%10?&-/,)@2,.CC2-?&%26,)@2!2)$,(6,(?$C)2?,#7,)@2,)@&!)7>X!6),,F22)&-/,$8,)@2,9.G,
%$-82!2-%2,&-,K$F2,$-,l,N$52F#2!,deeR"
!26$0!%263, F$!2, !2%2-), 52!6&$-6, VI$6%(-(,
(-?, ZF&1&(>K$F(/-(W, /!(?0()2?, )$L(!?6,
2YC!26617, %$-6&?2!&-/, 1$%(1, #!22?6, (-?,
5(!&2)&26, L@&12, (%M-$L12?/&-/, (, D0!&?&%(1,
%$!! 2 6 C $ -? 2 -% 2, # 2 ) L2 2 -, )@2, ) L$,
%$-%2C)6", I@&6, 62F(-)&%, 6@&8), 622F6, )$,
@(52, )@2 , $#D2%)&52, $8, F$5&-/, )$L(!?6, (,
F$!2, $!/(-&%, C2!6C2%)&52, $8, /2-2)&%,
!26$0!%26, &-, L@&%@, )@2, C!25(12-)17,
2%$-$F&%, L$!)@, $8, )@2,)2!F ,E!26$0!%2H ,&6,
%$F#&-2?, L&)@, 2%$1$/&%(13, (/!&%01)0!(13,
%01)0!(1, (-?, @&6)$!&%, 8(%)$!6, L@&%@,
2-%$FC(66,)@2,%$-%2C)6,$8,E)2!!&)$!7H,(-?,
E5(!&2)7H"
I@2, ?2X-&)&$-, $8, (0)$%@)@$-$06, #!22?6,
(-?,5(!&2)&26,&-%10?2b
R" I@$62, L@&%@, (!2, $!&/&-(117, 8!$F, )@2,
!2/&$-(1,)2!!&)$!7c
d" I@$62, L@&%@, (1)@$0/@, -$), $!&/&-(117,
8!$F, )@2 , !2/&$-(1, )2!!&)$!7, @(52, 1&52?,
L&)@&-, &) , 8$!, (, 1$-/, )&F2 , u, &-?&%()&5217,
F$!2,)@(-,Ue,72(!6mc
K2/&$-(1,12/&61()&$-,&-,;)(17,8$!,)@2,C!$)2%)&$-,$8,1$%(1,5(!&2)&26
18
m,N$),(11,)@2,1(L6,6C2%&87,)@2,?0!()&$-,#0),&-,F$6),%(626,&),&6,62),(6,Ue,72(!6"
Region
Law
Public&body
Contacts
ZF&1&(,
K$F(/-(
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%*+%+'-(40&($0++'$-+'-(
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.66266$!()$,(11=./!&%$1)0!(
+2!5&O&$,+5&10CC$,?21,+&6)2F(,
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9!(-%26%$,B2!!&
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+'7-+70(*0:0$',/0(%2$-,$-:0(
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+5&10CC$,2,1=;--$5(O&$-2,&-,./!&%$1)0!(,
\(O&$W,.!2(,+)0?&,2,B!$/2))&
*(!&()2!26(,[$6)(-O(
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9(Y,e`T`dfldfe
#&$?&52!'(!6&(1"&)
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+'7-+70(*0:0$',/0(%:'6%&'(0(
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1)& Definition& of& the& concept& of& genetic&
erosion&
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2)& Economic& incentives& and& marketing&
conservation&varieties.
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C0#1&%,#(62?"
3)& Question& of&the &circulation& of& seed&and&
exchange&among&farmers.
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&-%10?2?"
Bibliography
.1F2M&-?2!6, ["3, deee", E/0( #6D-+$%:,0( -G(
#:G-+6%&( P004( P0,$-+( %:4( '$7( 90&%$'-:(
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25
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26
The&implementation&of&the&directive&on&
conservation&varieties1
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Introduction
P&!2%)&52, SToSUo[Z, $8, Rm, P2%2F#2!, RSST,
&-)!$?0%2?, |%$-62!5()&$-, 5(!&2)7=, (, -2L,
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)@2F}, g@7,&6 ,)@2 ,)2!F, |%$-62!5()&$-=, -$L,
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2!$6&$-H",
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%$-62!5()&$-, 5(!&2)&26, @(6, #22-, 1$-/, (-?,
)$!)0$06, (-?, )@2, ?&!2%)&52, 6)&11, 1(%M6,
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I@2,&FC12F2-)()&$-,$8,)@2,?&!2%)&52,$-,%$-62!5()&$-,5(!&2)&26
27
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!2Q2%)&-/,)@2,&-)2!26),)@&6,F2(60!2,@(6,(!$062?"
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-$,F$!2,)@(-,dee>lee,M/,$8,%2!2(1,622?,C2!,
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&-6)2(?, /&52-, &-, ?&!2%)&52, `dodeeT,
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%$-62!5()&$-, 5(!&2)7, C!$?0%2?Re ", ;-, )@&6,
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1&F&)2?, F(!M2)}, I@2, 252-)0(1&)7, $8, )@2,
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%01)&5()&$-, $8, )@2, 5(!&2)7, hij, L@2!2, )@2,
5(!&2)7, ?2521$C2?, &)6, C!$C2!)&26H", I@&6, &6,
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F$!2, )@2, !&/@), )$, 062, )@2, 1$%(1 , -(F2W,
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)@2, /2$/!(C@&%(1 , &-?&%()&$-63, L@&%@, 0C, )$,
-$L,@(52,#22-,)@2,$-17,$-2,(%%2C)2?",
;-, %$-%106&$-3, )@2, ;)(1&(-, !2/01()&$-6, (!2,
(16$,)@2,$0)%$F2,$8,%$FC!$F&62,#2)L22-,
)@$62, L@$, 622, %$-62!5()&$-, 5(!&2)&26, (6 ,(,
L(7, )$, 12/&)&F&62, F(-7, M&-?6, $8, 5(!&2)7,
L@&%@, (!2, -$), C!262-)17, F(!M2)(#12, (-?,
) @ 2 ! 2 8 $ ! 2, 1 2 ( -, ) $ L ( ! ? 6, (, 6 1 & F 3,
?2%2-)!(1&62?, 676)2F, (-?, )@$62, L@$, 622,
)@2F, (6, (, ?(-/2!$06, ?2!$/()&$-, 8!$F, )@2,
622?, 676)2F, (-?, 622M, )$, %0!)(&1, &)6,
C$)2-)&(1,(6, F0%@, (6 ,C$66, u, )@2, 6)!&%),
_0(-)&)7, 1&F&)()&$-6, (!2, )@2, !2601), $8, )@2,
(n!F()&$-,$8,)@2,1())2!"
Synergies&with&the&Treaty
I@2, %$-%2C), $8, %$-62!5()&$-, 5(!&2)&26, &6,
&!!25$%(#17, %$--2%)2?, )$, .!)&%12, `, $8 , )@2,
I!2()7, (-?, )@2, 606)(&-(#12, 062, $8, /2-2)&%,
C1(-), !26$0!%26", ;-?22?3, 252!7, Z4,
?$%0F2-),F(M26,&),%12(!,)@(),)@2,?&!2%)&52,
$-,%$-62!5()&$-,5(!&2)&26,&6,)@2,12/&61()$!=6,
!26C$-62, )$, )@2, 622?, 62%)$!, (6, (, F$52, )$,
6)2F, )@2, 1$66, $8,(/!$#&$?&52!6&)7", ;-, C$&-),
$8, 8(%)3, ?&!2%)&52, `dodeeT, 6)()26, )@(), L&)@,
!2/(!?, )$, )@2,622?, 62%)$!3 ,&-, $!?2!,)$, /&52,
?02, L2&/@), )$, )@2, (&F6, $8, )@2, I!2()73,
%2!)(&-, 6C2%&X%, %$-?&)&$-6, @(52, )$, #2,
26)(#1&6@2?, &-, )@2, !0126, )$, /$52!-, )@2,
F(!M2)&-/,$8,622?"
;8, &) , &6, %$!!2%)17, &FC12F2-)2?, #7, *2F#2!,
+)()263, )@2, !2/01()&$-6, $-, %$-62!5()&$-,
I@2,&FC12F2-)()&$-,$8,)@2,?&!2%)&52,$-,%$-62!5()&$-,5(!&2)&26
31
S,B!$5&?2?,8$!,&-,;)(17,#7,\(L,ReS`oRSfR,(-?,(F2-?F2-)6"
Re , N$)2, )@(), )@2, ?!(8), ?2%!22, C!2C(!2?, #7, )@2, K0!(1, +22? ,N2)L$!M, (-? ,60#F&))2? ,)$, *&B..9, 8$!,
(CC!$5(1, 1&-M2?, )@2, F$?26), _0(-)&)7, )$,)@2, E-22?6, 8$!, (, 8(F&17>6%(12, 8(!FH, L@&12, 2Y)2-?&-/, )@2,
_0(-)&)7,1&F&)6",I@&6,&?2(,@(?,)@2,(?5(-)(/2,$8,-$),#2/&--&-/,!&/@),(L(7,L&)@,52!7,1$L,1&F&)63,12(5&-/,
)@2, ?2X-&)&$-, )$ ,C$66, 80)0!2, &-6)(-%26, $8, ?&6C0)2, )$, #2, D0?/2?, $-,(, %(62>#7>%(62, #(6&63, 2(%@, &-,
(%%$!?(-%2,L&)@,&)6,6C2%&X%&)&26"
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%@(-/&-/, )@2, !0126, )@(), ?&6%&C1&-2, )@2,
!212(62, $8, 5(!&2)&26, (-?, )@2, ?&6)!�)&$-, $8,
622?,(6,@$C2?,8$!,&-,.!),`,V/W,$8,)@2,I!2()7",
I@2,!282!2-%26,)$,)@2,O$-26,$8,$!&/&-,$8,)@2,
5(!&2)&26,(-?,)@2,)!(?&)&$-,$8,%01)&5()&$-,%(-,
#2,&-)2!C!2)2?,(6,(-,&-%2-)&52,)$,!2>1$%(1&62,
622?, C!$?0%)&$-, L@&%@, )(M26, (%%$0-), $8,
)@2, 5(!&2)&26=, (?(C)()&$-, )$, ?&a2!2-),
60!!$0-?&-/6, (-?, (/!&%01)0!(1, F$?216 , (-?,
)@06, 2-%$0!(/26, )@2, 062, $8, 1$%(1, (-?o$!,
1$%(117, (?(C)2?, 5(!&2)&26, V.!)"`, V2WW", <7,
(%%2C)&-/,8$!, F(!M2)&-/,5(!&2)&26,C!262-)17,
#(!!2?,F(M26,)@&6,-$!F,(16$,622F,(,F2(-6,
8$!, &-%!2(6&-/, )@2, !(-/2, $8, 5(!&2)&26,
(5(&1(#12,)$,8(!F2!6,V.!)"`,V?WW",
90!)@2!F$!23, ?&!2%)&52, `dodeeT, $C2-6, (,
L@$12, -2L, &-)2!26)&-/, (!2(, &-, L@&%@, %&5&1,
6$%&2)7, %(-, #2%$F2, &-5$152?, &-, )@2, L@$12,
C!$%266, $8, &?2-)&X%()&$-, $8, %$-62!5()&$-,
5(!&2)&26,#7, &-?&%()&-/, )@(), *2F#2!, +)()26,
L&11, #2, $#1&/2?, )$, -$)&87, )@2&!, (CC!$C!&()2,
$!/(-&6()&$-6, (), -()&$-(1, 12521, $-, C1(-),
/2-2)&%,!26$0!%26,V.!)6",U3,T3,RR,(-?,dRW",I@2,
C(!)&%&C()&$-, $8 , 8(!F2!6, &-, )@2, ?2%&6&$->
F(M&-/, C!$%266, $8, (/!&%01)0!(1 ,#&$?&52!6&)7,
&6, $-2, $8, )@2, (&F6, $8, )@2, I!2()7, (-?, &6, (,
C!2% $ -?&)&$-, 8$!, & F C 12F2-)& - /, )@2,
C!$/!(FF26, $8, C(!)&%&C()$!7, C1(-),
#!22?&-/3, L@&%@, &6, %$-6&?2!2? , $-2, $8, )@2,
F2(-6, 8$!, C0))&-/, )@2, 606)(&-(#12, 062, $8,
C1(-),/2-2)&%,!26$0!%26,&-)$,C!(%)&%2"
Conclusions
I@2, ;)(1&(-, 12/&61()&$-, &6, /$&-/, )$, #2,
!25&2L2?, (-?, (F2-?2?, &-, $!?2!, )$,
&FC12F2-),)@2,-2L,?&!2%)&52,`dodeeT,&-,)@2,
-2Y), 82L, F$-)@6", 4C, )$, -$L, -$,
&-8$!F()&$-, &6, (5(&1(#12, )$, 6(7, &8, ;)(17, L&11,
F(&-)(&-, (-?, &-)2/!()2,&)6, 6C2%&X%, !0126, $-,
%$-62!5()&$-, 5(!&2)&26, &-, )@2, 1(L, $8,
&FC12F2-)()&$-, $8, )@2, ?&!2%)&52",
P2C2-?&-/, $8,&)3 ,)@2, !2/01()&$-6,?26%!?,
(!2, &-, ?(-/2!, $8, /2))&-/, #$//2?, ?$L-, &8,
)@27, (!2, &-)2!C!2)2?, (-?, (CC1&2?, )$$,
-(!!$L17",
I@27, 6@$01?3, &-6)2(?3, #2, !2(?, (6, )@2,
#2/&--&-/,$8,(,-2L,C()@L(7,)@(),1&-M6,622?,
C!$?0%)&$-, (), 1$%(1 ,12521, (-?, %@(--216, )@2,
622?,)$L(!?6,?&a2!2-),(/!&%01)0!(1 ,F$?2163,
/&5&-/, 8(!F2!6, (, -2L, !$12, )$, C1(7", ;-,
/2-2!(13,?&!2%)&52,`dodeeT,@(6,)$,#2,!2(?,(6,
(,X!6),)&F&?,6)2C,)$L(!?6,$C2-&-/,)@2,622?,
F(!M2), 0C, )$, %2!)(&-, 5(!&2)&26, (6, C(!)&(1,
?2!$/()&$-, 8!$F, )@2, C!26%!&C)&$-6, $8, P4+3,
(-?, (16$, (6, C!$%2?0!26, 8$!, F(!M2)&-/,
)@2F"
;), &6, )$, #2, 6)!2662?3, @$L252!3, )@(),
%$-62!5()&$-, 5(!&2)&26, L&11, #2, 1&F&)2?, )$, (,
6C2%&X%,M&-?,$8,5(!&2)7,8$!,L@&%@,(,1&-M,L&)@,
(, %2!)(&-, )2!!&)$!7, L&11, #2, @&6)$!&%(117,
?2F$-6)!(#12", I@&63, )@2!28$!23, &6, -$), (,
%()2/$!7, 8$!, 10FC&-/, )$/2)@2!, (11, )@2,
5(!&2)&26, L@&%@, (), )@2, F$F2-), %(--$) , #2,
F(!M2)2?3, (-?, 8$!, L@&%@, &), L&11, #2,
-2%266(!7, )$, 2YC1$!2, ?&a2!2-), 12/&61()&52,
$C2-&-/6", ;-, C(!)&%01(!, L2, !282!, )$, )@2,
8$11$L&-/,%()2/$!&26b,
R" )@2, 5(!&2)&26, C!$?0%2?, #7, C(!)&%&C()&52,
/2-2)&%, &FC!$52F2-), (-?, (!2, -$), &-,
%$-8$!F&)7,L&)@,P4+,C!26%!&C)&$-6c
d" I@2,$1?,5(!&2)&26,-$,1$-/2!,!2/&6)2!2?,&-,
)@2, [()(1$/02 , V)@2!2, 8(%)$!6, )@(), %(-,
F(M2, !2/&6)2!&-/, )@262, 5(!&2)&26,
C!$#12F()&%(1b, 2Y%266&52, !2/&6)!()&$-,
%$6)63,?&n%01)7, &-,C!$5&-/,)@2,A(102,$8,
[01)&5()&$-, (-?, 4+Z, u, A[4, >3, $-17,
1&F&)2?, F(!/&-(1 , (!2(6, &-)2!26)2?, &-,
/!$L&-/, )@2FW,(-? ,L@&%@, ?$, -$), @(52,
(,C!2%&62,/2$/!(C@&%(1,(!2(,$8,$!&/&-c
l" \$%(1, 5(!&2)&26, 062?, (6, /2-2)&%,
! 2 6 $ 0 ! % 2 6, & -, ! 2 & - ) ! $ ? 0 % ) & $ -,
C!$/!(FF263,)$,%01)&5()&$-,&-,?&a2!2-),
(!2(6,8!$F,)@2&!,(!2(,$8,$!&/&-c
m" A(!&2)7, u, B$C01()&$-6, )@(), @(52 , -$,
@&6)$!&%(1,1&-M,L&)@,(,/&52-,)2!!&)$!7,(-?,
L@&%@, %(--$), #2, !2/&6)2!2?, &-, )@2,
$n%&(1, %()(1$/02, @(5&-/, -$,
%$!!26C$-?2-%2,L&)@,)@2,P4+,%!&)2!&("
I@2!2,&6,(-$)@2!,%$-6&?2!()&$-,)$,#2,F(?2c,
L@&12, )@2, 12/&61()$!, &-)2-?2?, )$, %$-82!,
D0!&?&%(1, 12/&)&F(%7, )$, )@262, 5(!&2)&26, #7,
I@2,&FC12F2-)()&$-,$8,)@2,?&!2%)&52,$-,%$-62!5()&$-,5(!&2)&26
32
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?$26,-$),8$11$L,)@(),#7,2Y%@(-/&-/,)@2F,&-,
(, L(7, )@(), &6 , -$), &-, %$-8$!F&)7, L&)@, )@2,
-2L, ?&! 2%)&52, F(M26, ) @2, 2Y %@(- /2,
&112/&)&F()2", ., !2(6$-(#12, (660FC)&$-, &6,
)@(),#7,1(%M&-/,%$FF2!%&(1,2YC1$&)()&$-,)@2,
(%), $8, 2Y%@(-/2, %(--$), #2, %$-6&?2!2?,
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5(!&2)&263,C!262-)17,-$),F(!M2)(#12,L2!2,)$,
#2%$F2, |12/(1&62?=", I@&6, L$01?, 6$152, (, 1$),
$8, C!$#12F6, $8,!2?, )(C2, )@(), 8(!F2!6, L@$,
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$!, / 2 $ / ! ( C@7, #0), & -, )@2, )$$, 8 2 L,
?2!$/()&$-6, 8!$F, )@2, %2!)&X%()&$-,
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)@!$0/@$0), )@2, L@$12, 676)2F", I@2!2,
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%1(66&%, 622?, F(!M2)&-/, )$, )@2, F0%@, F$!2,
5(!&2/()2?, F(!M2), $8, %$-62!5()&$-,
5(!&2)&26"
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!2C$!), $8, )@2,25(10()&$-, $8, Z0!$C2(-, 622?,
12/&61()&$-, C!2C(!2?, #7, )@2 , 9$$?, [@(&-,
Z5(10()&$-, [$-6$!)&0F, V9[Z[Wb, E9[Z[,
%$-%2!-6,&6,)@(),)@2,-2L,P&!2%)&52,F(7,L211,
#2, !26)!&%)&52, &8, &FC12F2-)2?, &-, (, L!$-/,
L(7, (-?, 9[Z[, &6 ,-$) ,%2!)(&- , )@(), *2F#2!,
+)()26,L&11,0-?2!6)(-?,@$L,)$,&FC12F2-),&),
L&)@, Q2Y&#&1&)73, 8!22?$F, (-?, (?(C)(#&1&)7,
)@(), )@2, [$FF&66&$-, &-)2-?2?H, V9[Z[3,
deeTW"
Bibliography
;6)(), deef3, @))CbooLLL"&6)()"&)o(/!&%$1)0!(o
?()&(/!&oF2OO&C!$o21262F"@)F1
<2!)(%%@&-&, Z"3, deeS", 90*'-:%&( &0*'7&%$'-:( ':(
#$%&=( G-+( $/0( D+-$0,$'-:( -G( &-,%&(
?%+'0$'073, t$0!-(1 , $8, ./!&%01)0!2 , (-?,
Z-5&!$-F2-), 8$!, ;-)2!-()&$-(1,
P2521$CF2-)3,,5$1",Rel3,N",R>d",
[(F(%@$, A&11(3, I"["3, *(Y)2?3, N"3, *",
+%@$1)2-3, 9$!?>\1$7?3, <"3, dee`",
O0^:':*( %:4( '40:$'G=':*( ,+-D(
&%:4+%,07", B1(-), J2-2)&%, K26$0!%26b,
[@(!(%)2!&O()&$-, (-?, 4)&1&O()&$-3, lb,
lflulTm"
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90D-+$( -:( $/0( 40^:'$'-:7( -G( ?%+'0$'07(
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A;,9!(F2L$!M,C!$/!(FF2",
9$$?, [@(&-, Z5(10()&$-, [$-6$!)&0F, V9[Z[W3,
deeT", Z?%&2%$'-:( -G( $/0( 5-662:'$=(
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D&%:$( D+-D%*%$':*( 6%$0+'%&( _P`HXa3,
9&-(1, K2C$!)3, Z0!$C2(-, [$FF&66&$-,
P&!2%)$!()2, J2-2!(1, 8$!, :2(1)@, (-?,
[$-60F2!6"
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$8, C1(-), #&$1$/7, (-?, (/!$>
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34
Research& and & innovation& initiatives& in&
support&of&the&seed&plan&
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1&%2-%26"
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&6602,(-?,)@2,(5(&1(#&1&)7,$8,J*G>8!22,622?6,
(-?,$-,)@2,$)@2!,@(-?,$-,$!/(-&%,8(!F&-/,u,
(-,(!2(,&-,L@&%@,;)(17, &6,$-2,$8,)@2,12(?&-/,
%$0-)!&26,&-,Z0!$C2,u,(-?,)@2,-22?,)$,@(52,
(, 622?, ?&6)!�)&$-, 676)2F, )@(), %(-,
C!$?0%2,622?6,8$!,$!/(-&%,8(!F&-/", ., )@&!?,
(!2(, $8, &-)2!26), 8$!, BK;+, &6, (/!&%01)0!(1,
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35
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PRIS2&–&agricultural&biodiversity
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#&$?&52!6&)7
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36
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.#!0OO&, (-?, )@2 , *(!%@2, VdlRW3, +&%&1&(, VRSUW,
(-?, I$6%(-(, VRfTW3, (6 , %(-, #2, 622-, &- , )@2,
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(-?, @$L, )@27 , F(7, #2 ,(?(C)2? , )$, $!/(-&%,
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8$!, #2&-/, /!$L-, &-, 1$L>&-C0), 8(!F&-/,
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PRIS2& a n d& the& susta i n a b l e& use& of&
agricultural&genetic&resources
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062 ,$8, C1(-), /2-2)&%, !26$0!%26 ,&6, )$, ?25&62,
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C!2%&6217, )@&6, -22?3, $0)1&-&-/,
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(-?,1$%(117,(?(C)2?,5(!&2)&26,(6,C!$5&?2?,#7,
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B1(-), J2-2)&%, K26$0!%26, 8$!, 9$$?, (-?,
./!&%01)0!2, V;IBJK9.W", ;-?22?3, )@2, 12/(1,
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37
1%
17%
10%
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48%
Grap&1&‐&Varieties&in&the&national&catalogue
[2!2(16 \2/0F&-$06
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5(!&2)7W
Tab.&1b,I@2,?()(,62),8$!,)@2,%()(1$/02"
;)(1&(-, !2/&$-(1, 1(L6, (6, L211, (6, &-, )@2,
Z0!$C2(-, -$!F6,$-, %$-62!5()&$-, 5(!&2)&26,
L @ 2 ! 2, & ? 2 - ) & 8 7 & - /, ) @ 2, 5 ( ! & 2 ) 7, & 6,
&-?&6C2-6(#12", .6, 6)()2?, #7, 9(1%&-211&, (-?,
\$!2-O2))&,VdeeTW3,(11,1$%(1,5(!&2)&26, %(-,#2,
1&6)2?, &-, )@2, !2/&6)2!6, $!, %()(1$/026, $8,
%$-62!5()&$-, 5(!&2)&263, )@2!28$!2, )@2,
&-52-)$!7,$8,)@2,1$%(1,5(!&2)&26,C!2C(!2?,#7,
BK;+d, &6, (-, &FC$!)(-), 6)2C, 8$!L(!?,
)$L(!?6, (%)0(117, C!$%22?&-/, )$, %$-62!52,
)@2F", :2!23, )@$0/@3, )@2, C!$#12F, (!&626b,
L@&%@, ?26%!&C)$!6, (!2, )$, #2, 062?, )$,
?26%!, )@2 , 1$%(1, 5(!&2)7}, Eg@(), L(6,
(%@&252?, L&)@&-, )@2, BK;+d, C!$/!(FF2,
12(?6 ,06, )$, )@&-M, )@(), 252-, 06&-/, 4BGA, $!,
[$FF0-&)7,B1(-),A(!&2)7,Gn%2,?26%!&C)$!63,
)@2&!,(%)0(1,-0F#2!,6@$01?,8(11,?!(F()&%(117,
!26$!)&-/, $-17, )$, )@$62, #7, L@&%@, 1$%(1,
5(!&2)&26, %(-, #2, ?&6)&-/0&6@2?, 8!$F, 2(%@,
(-$)@2!, F(M&-/, 062, $8, )@2, 8(!F2!6=,
M-$L12?/2", I@273, &-?22?3, 6@$01?, #2, )@2,
%1$626),(?5&6$!6,!2/(!?&-/,)@2,6C2%&26,)@27,
(!2,8(F&1&(!,L&)@H,V9(1%&-211&,(-?,\$!2-O2))&3,
deeTW",;-, )@&6 ,!26C2%)3,BK;+d, %(-,#2,1&-M2?,
)$, .!), `, $8 , )@2, ;IBJK9.3, (6, &), 2-%$0!(/26,
)@2, %!2()&$- , $8, (, F$!2 , Q2Y, 12/&61()&52,
676)2F, 8$!, !2/&6)2!&-/, 5(!&2)&26",
90!)@2!F$!23, (-?, L&6@&-/, )$, @&/@1&/@), )@2,
&FC$!)(-%2, $8, /2))&-/, 8(!F2!6=, (%)&52,
C(!)&%&C()&$-3, -$), $-17, &-, (/!&%01)0!(1,
#&$?&52!6&)7, %$-62!5()&$-, #0), (16$, &-,
!262(!%@,(-?,2YC2!&F2-)()&$-,60%@,(6,)$$M,
C1(%2, &-, )@2, 6C2%&X%, L@2(), C!$D2%), &-,
I$6%(-(3, )@2, BK;+d, C(526, )@2, L(7, 8$!,
(n!F&-/, (, C(!)&%&C()&52, !262(!%@, F$?21, (6,
&-?&%()2?,&-,.!),`,V%W",,
Conclusions
I@2, (% % $ F C 1 & 6 @ F2-)6, $8, B K ; + d, $-,
(/!&%01)0!(1, #&$?&52!6&)7, (!2, (-, &FC$!)(-),
6)2C, 8$!L(!?, )$L(!?6, 8011, (CC1&%()&$-, $8,
)@2, I!2()7, &-, ;)(17", ;-, (??&)&$-, )$, )@2,
%$-%2C),2F#$?&2?,&-,.!)&%12,`,)@27,(!2,)@2,
#(6&6 ,$-, L@&%@, )$, #0&1?, )@2, 80)0!2, 6@(!&-/,
$8, C1(-), /2-2)&%, !26$0!%26, L&)@&-, )@2,
F01)&1()2!(1,676)2F",I@2,C!$C$62?,-()&$-(1,
%()(1$/02, &6 , 52!7, &-)2!26)&-/ , &-, )@&6, 62-62,
6&-%2, -$), $-17 , @(6, &), &?2-)&X2?, )@2 ,0T( 7'$2,
%$112%)&$-6, $8, )@2 , !262(!%@, &-6)&)0)26, #0),
(16$, )@2 ,F(-7, 5(!&2)&26 ,@21? ,8$! , L@()252!,
!2(6$-6, #7, )@2 , (%)$!6, $8, )@2, 5(!&2?, L$!1?,
$8, (/!$#&$?&52!6&)7, %$-62!5()&$-",
90!)@2!F$!2, )@2, &-8$!F()&$-, )@(), )@2,
?()(#(62,L&11,C!$5&?2,$-,@$L,)@2,!26$0!%2,
&6,%$-62!52?, V0T( 7'$2I (':( 7'$23, $-, 8(!FW, (-?,
)@2,2Y)2-),)$,L@&%@,)@2,622?,&6,(5(&1(#12,&6,
%2-)!(1&62?, &-8$!F()&$-, (11, C(!), $8, )@2,
K262(!%@,(-?,&--$5()&$-,&-&)&()&526,&-,60CC$!),$8,)@2,622?,C1(-,
38
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Tab.&1&‐&Varieties&in&the&National&Catalogue&listed&by&Regions&and&categories
[2!2(16 \2/0F&-$06 9$??2!,12/0F&-$06 A2/2)(#126 G)@2!6,
8(%&1&)()2?,(%%266,)$,)@2,F()2!&(1",4C?()&-/,
)@2, %()(1$/02, (-?, F(M&-/, &), 80117,
$C2!()&$-(1,&6,-$L,)@2,!26C$-6&#&1&)7,$8,)@2,
N()&$-(1, B1(-, $-, ./!&%01)0!(1, <&$?&52!6&)7,
L@&%@, &6, (16$, !26C$-6, 8$!, )(%M1&-/,
C!(%)&%(1,&66026,$8,(%%266&-/,&)"
.), -()&$-(1 , 12521, BK;+d, (%M-$L12?/26 , )@2,
-22?, )$, &FC12F2-), 2Y&6)&-/, 12/&61()&$-, $-,
%$-62!5()&$-, 5(!&2)&26, 6$, (6, )$, 62), )@2,
F(!M2)&-/, $8, )@262, 622?6 , L&)@&-, (, %12(!2!,
12/(1, 8!(F2L$!M", :2!23, )@2, !26C$-6&#&1&)7,
8(116, $-,)@2 ,*&B..9, L@$, L&11,@(52 ,)$, (1&/-,
-()&$-(1, 12/&61()&$-, #7, )@2, 2-?, $8, deeS,
V\(L,m`,$8,deef,26)(#1&6@&-/,)@2,%()(1$/02,
$8, %$-62!5()&$-, 5(!&2)&26 , (-?, )@2 , !21()&52,
F&-&6)2!&(1, ?2%!22, $8, t0-2, deeT, ?2X-&-/,
)2!F6, (-?, C!$%2?0!26W, L&)@, )@2, !2%2-),
%$FF0-&)7,?&!2%)&52,V`dodeeTW"
N$)2, (16$, )@2, &FC$!)(-%2 , $8, )@2, 1&-M, )@(),
BK;+d, 26)(#1&6@26, #2)L22-, 1$%(1, 5(!&2)&26,
(-?, $!/(-&%,8(!F&-/, -$), $-17, &-,(6, !2/(!?6,
%$-62!5()&$-, #0), (16$, (6,(, L(7, $8, /2))&-/,
)@2F,)$,#2,(,!2/01(!,C(!),$8,8(!F&-/,
Bibliography
<$%%&, K"3, deeS", , P004( &0*'7&%$'-:( %:4(
%*+-R'-4'?0+7'$=8( ,-:70+?%$'-:(
?%+'0$'073, t$0!-(1 , $8, ./!&%01)0!2 , (-?,
Z-5&!$-F2-), 8$!, ;-)2!-()&$-(1,
P2521$CF2-)3,5$1",Rel3,N",R>d"
[$-%2OO&, \"3, J!(F(%%&(, *"3, *(0%2!&, +"3,
deeT", 90%&'SS%S'-:0( 4'( 2:( 5%$%&-*-(
;%S'-:%&0(40&&0(>)+'0$V(!-,%&'3,,&-,K2)2,
;-)2!!2/&$-(12, C2!,1(, K&%2!%(, ./!(!&(3,
9$!26)(123, (%_0(%$1)0!(, 2, C26%(3,
.O&$-&, ?&, &--$5(O&$-2, 2, !&%2!%(, (,
60CC$!)$, ?21, C&(-$, -(O&$-(12,
62F2-)&2!$,>,BK;+d3,B!$F$5&?2$"<