Researching Lived Experience: Human Science For An Action Sensitive Pedagogy
Abstract
Cover Blurb: Researching Lived Experience introduces an approach to qualitative research methodology in education and related fields that is distinct from traditional approaches derived from the behavioral or natural sciences—an approach rooted in the “everyday lived experience” of human beings in educational situations. Rather than relying on abstract generalizations and theories, van Manen offers an alternative that taps the unique nature of each human situation.
The book offers detailed methodological explications and practical examples of hermeneutic-phenomenological inquiry. It shows how to orient oneself to human experience in education and how to construct a textual question which evokes a fundamental sense of wonder, and it provides a broad and systematic set of approaches for gaining experiential material that forms the basis for textual reflections.
Van Manen also discusses the part played by language in educational research, and the importance of pursuing human science research critically as a semiotic writing practice. He focuses on the methodological function of anecdotal narrative in human science research, and offers methods for structuring the research text in relation to the particular kinds of questions being studied. Finally, van Manen argues that the choice of research method is itself a pedagogic commitment and that it shows how one stands in life as an educator.
... This study employed van Manen's phenomenology of practice to explore the essence of comfort in ASCT survivors. This qualitative approach provided a framework for uncovering the depth and complexity of comfort as a lived experience [9,10]. Given the complexity and breadth of the concept of comfort, it is of the utmost importance to elucidate its meaning for survivors of ASCT. ...
... As a human science, it is focused on the interpretive structures of human experiences. The significance of these experiences is determined by reflection and the subsequent embedding of the expertise within the memory, as observed by van Manen [9,10]. ...
... The researcher aims to understand human nature to make it more prosperous and more meaningful. To this end, van Manen suggests six research activities: (i) focusing on the nature of the lived experience; (ii) investigating how the experience is lived rather than how it is conceptualized; (iii) hermeneutic phenomenological reflection; (iv) describing the phenomenon through a process of phenomenological writing and rewriting; (v) remaining completely committed and oriented towards the phenomenon of study; (vi) balancing the research context by considering the parts and the whole [10]. ...
Allogeneic Stem Cells Transplantation (ASCT) and, consequently, the chronicity associated with this life event has a growing prevalence and a significant impact on the life and daily life of each person who experiences it. The growing number of ASCT survivors highlights the need to reflect on the unique challenges they face throughout their recovery. To understand the meaning of the encounter with time in the lived experience of comfort for survivors of ASCT. Qualitative approach using van Manen's phenomenology of practice. We uncovered the phenomenon through phenomenological interviews, which integrated narratives and illustrative episodes that reflected the lived experiences of 20 survivors. Descriptions of lived experiences were collected from participants between July 2020 and May 2021. The following themes emerged from the ASCT survivor's lived experience of comfort related to time: giving time to live, time for what is important, time for the future, and living the time of day. This study reveals the importance of time for the survivor, the anguish of the time of discomfort, and creativity in the search to live the time of comfort provided by the ASCT.
... Early detection of the mentee's dissatisfaction is an important first step in the process of sensemaking (Rovio-Johansson and Liff, 2012). In this step, weak signals emanate from the mentee's lived experiences (Van Manen, 1990), which are preceded by various daily occurrences that result in interpretations and in a process of sensemaking. If the mentee's lived experience indicates feelings of insecurity and difficulty coping with daily tasks, the mentor's actions need to be directed to detecting and handling these weak signals. ...
... In applying a qualitative content analysis, there is a need for definitions of context, units of analysis, analytical rules, meaning units (codes) and categories (Graneheim and Lundman, 2004;Mayring, 2022). The focus of analysis was on the mentees' statements (unit of analysis) in the interviews, interpreted as their lived experiences (Van Manen, 1990) in the context of healthcare work, their skills at work, and how well they fit into the profession. Analytic rules refer to the iterative reading of interview answers and the line-by-line analysis of selected quotations, which illustrates the mentees' different experiences. ...
... Analytic rules refer to the iterative reading of interview answers and the line-by-line analysis of selected quotations, which illustrates the mentees' different experiences. As mentioned above, lived experiences (Van Manen, 1990) refer to how the mentees' experience and understand the healthcare work as real and meaningful work (Denzin and Lincoln, 2018;Mayring, 2022). The meaning units are codes in interviews, which were jointly identified and discussed by the researchers. ...
Purpose
The purpose of this study is to investigate how mentors can convince young, certified, inexperienced employees to remain in a healthcare organisation, and how mentors address “stay or quit” when mentees’ lived experiences reveal feelings of insufficiency as crisis in their daily work. We explore how turnover is affected by the mentors’ and mentees’ discussions within the manager’s domain.
Design/methodology/approach
Within the framework of crisis management, the study employs qualitative content analysis of 21 interview responses from mentors, mentees and managers. The analysis includes mentees’ answers, which are analysed in terms of “weak signals” based on lived experiences and mentors’ and managers’ answers in terms of different capabilities to increase mentees’ wish to remain in the organisation.
Findings
The results show that the deep relationship between the mentee and the mentor is crucial. It is possible for the mentor to detect weak signals from the mentee’s thoughts, doubts and lived experiences. The study extends the understanding of a more subtle mechanism the mentor uses in the close relation to the mentee, alongside the manager. The findings confirm those of previous research concerning improved job satisfaction and self-improvement in the profession.
Practical implications
The findings explain why mentors, as necessary organisational resources, can contribute more successfully than managers to keeping young employees.
Originality/value
The study links the crucial relational mentorship to increased willingness to remain in an organisation among young mentees without career support.
... Thus, this study seeks to address this gap by investigating the lived experiences of Chinese Singaporean family caregivers providing end-of-life cancer care in a home setting. Methods This study employed a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, guided by the framework developed by van Manen (1990), to uncover the essential meaning of each participant's lived experience. In-depth, semi-structured virtual interviews were conducted face-to-face with ten Chinese Singaporean family caregivers. ...
... The data analysis employed van Manen's six-step approach to hermeneutics phenomenology [12]. ...
... This step involved the principal investigator orienting himself towards the phenomenon of interest, formulating the research questions, and recording his preconceived understandings and beliefs in a reflective journal [12]. 2. Investigate experience as we live it rather than as we conceptualize it Heidegger's concept of "being-in-the-world" involves reinterpreting and revitalizing the meaning of lived experiences [13]. ...
Purpose
The Chinese community constitutes the largest demographic and faces the highest rates of cancer incidence in Singapore. Given this, palliative care plays a crucial role in supporting individuals, particularly those nearing the end of life, with family serving as their primary source of support. Many Chinese family caregivers in Singapore reported significant unmet needs in cancer care provision, with studies indicating that they often bear the brunt of caregiving responsibilities. Despite this, there has been a lack of research exploring the needs and perspectives of Chinese Singaporean family caregivers caring for terminally ill cancer patients at home. Thus, this study seeks to address this gap by investigating the lived experiences of Chinese Singaporean family caregivers providing end-of-life cancer care in a home setting.
Methods
This study employed a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, guided by the framework developed by van Manen (1990), to uncover the essential meaning of each participant’s lived experience. In-depth, semi-structured virtual interviews were conducted face-to-face with ten Chinese Singaporean family caregivers. These caregivers shared their personal journeys of caring for a loved one with advanced cancer during their final stage of life at home. The interviews were audio recorded, and open-ended questions were used to facilitate discussion. Each interview lasted between 30 and 60 min. The principal investigator manually transcribed all audio recordings. Additionally, an external transcriber translated the interviews into written form to ensure accuracy and authenticity. The interview texts were then analyzed and interpreted using the philosophical underpinnings rooted in phenomenology.
Results
The attempts to identify meanings and make sense of the Chinese Singaporean’s lived experience led to the development of two main themes and eight sub-themes. Under the primary theme of “experiences from caregiving” comprises the sub-themes “being a caregiver,” “suffering,” and “well-being,” and the major theme of “expectations in caregiving” encompasses the sub-themes “caregiving support,” “decision-making,” “communication,” “spirituality,” and “being a Chinese Singaporean”.
Conclusion
In conclusion, addressing family caregivers’ needs requires culturally sensitive nursing education, peer support initiatives, public awareness campaigns, and enhanced training for domestic helpers. These measures, coupled with further research into diverse cultural caregiving needs and male caregivers’ experiences, will improve support systems and empower caregivers in their essential roles.
... In Thailand, the number of new cancer cases has increased among older adults over 60 [4,5]. The mortality rates for hematologic cancer per 100,000 population between of the nature or meaning of everyday experiences [27,28]. The description and interpretation of the meanings an individual assigns to events in their lives leads to a depth and richness of understanding of their experiences. ...
... Then, they shared their perspectives on emerging tentative codes and discussed any disagreement until consensus was reached. van Manen' phenomenological approach was followed [27,28]. According to van Manen, the phenomenological analysis of human experiences consists of six steps, including (1) turning to the nature of lived experience, (2) investigating experience as we live it, (3) reflecting on essential themes, (4) writing and rewriting, (5) maintaining a strong and oriented relation, and (6) balancing and considering parts and the whole. ...
... These subthemes were then further organized into themes that represented the essence of lived experience. The five lifeworld existentials of van Manen were used to guide reflection in the later phase of data analysis [27,28]. These include the lived body (corporeality), lived self-other (relationality), lived time (temporality), lived space (spatiality), and lived thing (materiality), describing the way humans experience the world. ...
Background: To be diagnosed and treated for cancer can be a distressing experience, and it can require individuals to engage in self-care strategies to cope with the situation. The self-care experiences of older adults with lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic in Thailand remain rarely studied. This study aimed to explore the lived experiences of self-care among older adults with lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic. Methods: A hermeneutic phenomenology research design was used. It involved in-depth interviews with nine older adults with lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy. Data analysis utilized van Manen’s approach, and trustworthiness was ensured by adhering to Lincoln and Guba’s criteria. Results: This study revealed that the lived experience of self-care among older adults with lymphoma receiving chemotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic encompasses five lifeworlds within the lived body, addressing aspects of (1) thumjai and (2) continuing to fight cancer. Lived relations means trusting healthcare providers and holding on together. Lived time reflects being aware of the natural path of life. The concept of lived space encompasses staying safe at home and staying cautious. Lived things reflect (1) accepting one’s own karma and (2) living economically. Conclusions: The findings enhance the understanding of self-care experiences among older adults with lymphoma undergoing chemotherapy during the COVID-19 pandemic in an Asian context. The findings can inform the development of a person-centered nursing intervention tailored for older persons that emphasizes cultural aspects.
... Translations of the diary messages and interviews from French into German were conducted by AZ, who is bilingual and verified by EB, who is fluent in French. The qualitative data analysis followed an interpretive phenomenological approach according to van Manen [35] (Table 1). Exploring the formulating the research question (2) "investigating experience as we live it" methods employed to investigate the lived experience (3) "reflecting on the essential themes which characterise the phenomenon" reflecting on the themes identified from the data collected and capture the essential meaning of the lived experience (4) "describing the phenomenon in the art of writing and rewriting" making visible feelings, thoughts, and attitudes of participants through writing (5) "maintaining a strong and orientated relation to the phenomenon" researcher should remain focused on the research question (6) "balancing the research context by considering the parts and the whole" significance that parts play in the total textual structure meaning of trust and interprofessional collaboration along the cancer treatment pathway requires inductive analysis so that persons' daily lives can be understood in an in-depth manner. ...
... The meetings were reserved for data analysis purposes only. In these meetings, we aimed to identify and interpret essential information from all three data sources (digital diaries, interviews, questionnaires) that best reflected the women's lived experience [35]. ...
... Six-step approach (Van Manen[35]) ...
Purpose
Women with breast cancer face a high degree of uncertainty. Trust between health providers and patients has been shown to improve patient quality of life and may enhance clinical outcomes. This study aimed to explore the meaning of trust along the treatment pathway.
Methods
The study followed a convergent mixed-methods design. We collected qualitative data longitudinally from diagnosis to follow-up using unstructured digital diaries and 45 semi-structured interviews with twelve women with breast cancer. To measure symptom burden and trust, we collected quantitative data by means of 57 questionnaires. Data analysis was based on phenomenology according to van Manen and on descriptive statistics. Data synthesis resulted in a conceptual model of trust.
Results
The women experienced trust as a dynamic phenomenon within the biomedical cancer care “machinery”. Their trust was strongly influenced by contextual factors, professionals’ expertise, and person-centeredness. The relevance of trust differed according to treatment phases.
Conclusions
Due to a high degree of uncertainty, trust was particularly important. Professionals positively influenced the women’s trust to a certain extent through a patient-centered approach and by demonstrating expertise within the biomedical cancer care “machinery”. The conceptual model of trust should receive attention to bring care closer to the women’s lived experience so that their care experience can be improved.
... The questioning guide was developed based on the interview guide utilized by Puddephatt et al (Puddephatt et al., 2020), extended to include more questions that explore wider contexts of household economic insecurity, stress, and perceived health. A hermeneutic phenomenological interviewing approach was used to develop and adapt the guide (Manen, 2016;Lauterbach, 2018), which followed a conversational format, whilst using targeted questions to explore key themes of the lived experience of economic and food insecurity (see supplementary material 2 for targeted questions) (Manen, 2016). Interviews were conducted in English by the first author, a trained qualitative researcher who holds an MAnth in Medical Anthropology, and were transcribed verbatim and anonymized. ...
... The questioning guide was developed based on the interview guide utilized by Puddephatt et al (Puddephatt et al., 2020), extended to include more questions that explore wider contexts of household economic insecurity, stress, and perceived health. A hermeneutic phenomenological interviewing approach was used to develop and adapt the guide (Manen, 2016;Lauterbach, 2018), which followed a conversational format, whilst using targeted questions to explore key themes of the lived experience of economic and food insecurity (see supplementary material 2 for targeted questions) (Manen, 2016). Interviews were conducted in English by the first author, a trained qualitative researcher who holds an MAnth in Medical Anthropology, and were transcribed verbatim and anonymized. ...
The UK has experienced alarming increases in the number of individuals living with food insecurity as a result of the rise in the cost of living. The mechanisms linking household economic insecurity to food insecurity, and perceived health outcomes, are not well understood. The aim of this study was to explore how individuals with lived experience of food insecurity are coping with the rise in the cost of living, the trade-offs they might be making between food and other household expenses, and how these might impact eating behaviours and health outcomes. Using a qualitative inductive approach rooted in hermeneutic phenomenology, nine semi-structured interviews were conducted among individuals using charity-run food provision services in Bristol, UK. Narrative accounts from these interviews were analysed thematically. Almost all participants were recipients of benefits at the time of interviews and were living under high levels of economic insecurity. The rise in the cost of living forced complex budget management strategies, including relying on donated food and shoplifting. It also influenced eating behaviours through altered cooking strategies to save energy, substituting food for cheaper, less-nutritious, alternatives, and rationing meals. Food insecurity was experienced as a form of psychosocial violence, engendering high levels of stress, particularly for individuals with diet-related chronic diseases. There is therefore an urgent need for policies that tackle structural causes of overall household economic insecurity, and improve economic access to adequate nutritious foods, to prevent further entrenching social inequalities.
... Para mitigar posibles sesgos, se implementaron estrategias como la discusión entre investigadores/as para contrastar interpretaciones y la validación de resultados con los propios participantes. Este ejercicio reflexivo permitió enriquecer la comprensión del fenómeno estudiado, garantizando que las interpretaciones fueran fieles a las experiencias compartidas por los estudiantes (Van Manen, 2016). ...
... En primer lugar, la muestra, aunque adecuada para un enfoque cualitativo fenomenológico, se limita a 11 estudiantes universitarios con ACI de distintas universidades españolas. Esta muestra no permite generalizar los hallazgos a toda la población universitaria con ACI, dado que la fenomenología busca explorar experiencias individuales en profundidad más que producir resultados generalizables (Van Manen, 2016). No obstante, la diversidad en las características demográficas de los participantes (e.g., género, curso, titulación, origen geográfico) garantizaron la variación máxima de la muestra permitiendo captar una amplia gama de perspectivas de los participantes. ...
Existe escasa evidencia sobre la atención educativa que el alumnado con altas capacidades intelectuales recibe en las universidades españolas, constituyendo un déficit teórico-práctico para la educación inclusiva de este colectivo. El presente estudio explora las experiencias de estudiantes con altas capacidades intelectuales en la educación superior española, tratando de identificar barreras y necesidades en su adaptación universitaria y en la calidad de la respuesta educativa recibida. Mediante un enfoque cualitativo fenomenológico, se entrevistó a 11 estudiantes para analizar sus percepciones sobre el ingreso, la respuesta educativa y los servicios de apoyo disponibles. Los resultados revelan que los estudiantes no contaron con protocolos específicos en el acceso a la universidad y en su mayoría describen el uso docente de metodologías tradicionales que limitan su potencial. Además, perciben los servicios de apoyo como insuficientes para atender sus necesidades psicopedagógicas. En conclusión, es necesario implementar políticas inclusivas, metodologías diferenciadas y formación docente especializada para optimizar una educación superior más equitativa y de calidad para abordar la superdotación
... First and foremost, phenomenology is being used to describe research that engages Autistic lived experience (Bertilsdotter-Rosqvist, Nygren, & O'Donoghue, 2023;Bishop et al., 2023;Botha & Frost, 2020;Camm-Crosbie et al., 2019;Cooper et al., 2023;Howard et al., 2019;Kapp et al., 2019;Pantazakos & Vanaken, 2023;Raymaker et al., 2020). Second, phenomenology refers to a branch of research approaches that are derived from phenomenology understood as a philosophical method for engaging Autistic lived experience (Green, 2022(Green, , 2023Green & Shaughnessy, 2023), for example by bracketing theory, metaphysical standpoints, and so forth (Englander, 2012;Giorgi, 2009;Smith et al., 2009; van Manen, 1990van Manen, , 2017. Third, phenomenology refers to a research tradition stretching from the early history of Autism research until today, of deploying insights from philosophical phenomenology specifically on the structures and meaning of subjectivity. ...
... Thus, Smith et al.'s (2009) IPA approach is an example of phenomenological qualitative research with less explicit connection to the concept's philosophical roots, methods, or ideas. Conversely, the work of Giorgi as well as van Manen more explicitly turns to philosophical phenomenology, specifically for data collection and analysis tools in qualitative contexts, such as the epoché or different, revised forms of phenomenological reduction (Giorgi, 2009;van Manen, 1990van Manen, , 2017. Lastly, and most relevant for our purposes, a growing number of qualitative researchers (Ekdahl & Osler, 2023;Ekdahl & Ravn 2022;Høffding & Martiny, 2016;Klinke & Fernandez, 2023) are turning to phenomenology less for methodological inspiration and more for conceptual strengthening. ...
Written from the perspective of phenomenological philosophy, this article evaluates recent claims that phenomenology has an important contribution to make in redressing the lack of insight into Autistic lived experience. As a philosophical discipline concerned with describing, understanding, and interpreting subjective and intersubjective experience, phenomenology is theoretically well-placed to foreground first-person Autistic perspectives in Autism research. In this article, however, we raise concerns that extant phenomenological Autism research often struggles to break free from conceptual commitments that risk objectifying Autistic being-in-the-world as deficient and dysfunctional. If it is to take seriously the challenges posed by the neurodiversity paradigm, we suggest that phenomenological Autism research must adopt a critical approach that engages the diversity of Autistic lived experience. Informed by this theoretical perspective, we give a number of recommendations for future phenomenologically informed qualitative research of Autistic lived experience that is empathic and inclusive of Autistic ways of being, whilst actively working against the alienation of Autistic people.
... This study adopts a qualitative approach to conduct an in-depth exploration (Creswell, 2014;Labuschagne, 2003) of the experiences of DSMs. Specifically, by employing hermeneutic phenomenology, the research investigates how individuals derive meaning from their lived realities and personal understandings (Van Manen, 1990). This approach was chosen for its capacity to comprehend complex situations and facilitate reflexive and critical thinking (Titchen et al., 2011;Van Manen, 1990). ...
... Specifically, by employing hermeneutic phenomenology, the research investigates how individuals derive meaning from their lived realities and personal understandings (Van Manen, 1990). This approach was chosen for its capacity to comprehend complex situations and facilitate reflexive and critical thinking (Titchen et al., 2011;Van Manen, 1990). The study aimed to identify socio-cultural and policy-related factors that could inform policy interventions for better support of DSMs. ...
This study addresses the research gap on doctoral student mothers (DSMs) in Central Asia by examining the experiences of 15 DSMs in Kazakhstan and Uzbekistan as they navigate multiple roles. Drawing on Butler’s theory of gender and O’Reilly’s maternal theory, qualitative online interviews reveal common challenges in balancing motherhood, spousal duties, academic pursuits, and kelin (a bride or a daughter-in-law at husband’s parental home) roles, leading to feelings of guilt and inadequacy. Gender norms, lack of support, financial constraints, and negative perceptions from supervisors hinder DSMs’ academic progress, highlighting the importance of extended study timelines, supportive supervisors, and understanding institutions. Coping strategies, including support from family and peers, and self-motivation, are crucial in addressing the mental health impact of these challenges. Contrasts in experiences between Kazakhstani and Uzbekistani DSMs are evident, with Uzbekistani DSMs facing greater pressure as kelins, limited spousal support and mobility challenges to field sites, and encountering more institutional biases compared to their Kazakhstani counterparts. The study advocates for broader implications to promote equitable opportunities for DSMs in the region.
... The large sample size proved beneficial in gaining a comprehensive understanding of the complex nature of cyberbullying and contributed valuable insights to the field. This research lays a solid foundation for future educational policies and interventions aimed at addressing cyberbullying (Creswell & Poth, 2018;Van Manen, 2016;Moustakas, 1994). ...
... Inter-rater reliability was calculated, yielding coefficients of 85%, 85.7%, and 84.8%, ensuring the robustness and validity of the identified themes (Creswell & Poth, 2018). This approach, which considered demographic diversity, provided a comprehensive understanding of cyberbullying and laid a solid foundation for developing educational policies and interventions (Finlay, 2014;Van Manen, 2016;Moustakas, 1994). ...
Purpose: This study aims to cultivate awareness of the phenomena of bullying and security within the framework of cyber psychology. In line with this primary objective, the experiences and awareness levels of participating school administrators and teachers were examined. Method: A descriptive phenomenological design, supported by a large sample, was employed to explore the semantic spectrum of cyber security and cyber bullying concepts. The study group consisted of 192 teachers and 64 school administrators, selected through purposeful sampling, specifically convenience sampling. A semi-structured online interview form served as the data collection tool. Content analysis was conducted with the goal of conceptualizing the data and identifying themes that describe the phenomenon. The findings are presented through descriptive narratives. Findings: The findings reveal the significant emotional distress and security concerns negatively influenced by cyber psychology. Additionally, it has been found that cyberbullying and security issues lead to serious consequences for individuals, such as loss of self-confidence, social isolation, persistent anxiety, and long-term psychological trauma.The data reveal that females are the gender most frequently subjected to cyber bullying, with the most vulnerable age group being 14-18, followed by the 11-14 age range. The identified sub-themes of cyber bullying include fraud, hacking, violation of privacy, verbal abuse, blackmail, threatening and psychological violence. Highlights: By examining the experiences of participants across a large sample, the study broadens the understanding of cyber bullying and security concepts. The detailed analysis of sub-themes provides both theoretical insights and practical recommendations for policymakers and practitioners. The study serves as an important reference to enhance awareness among teachers and school administrators who are the closest to children and youth in school and to develop measures that address the increasing challenges of internet use in education.
... The authors' initial perspectives were noted and set aside before analysis. The first three authors independently reviewed the interviews, coding and thematically analyzing the data following Van Manen's (1990) approach. Each transcript was read multiple times, with the text coded line by line to generate initial codes. ...
... Using Van Manen's (1990) hermeneutic phenomenological approach, three overarching themes arose: (a) the role of collaborative music therapy and speech-language pathology, (b) building blocks of successful collaboration, and (c) evaluating collaborative practices. See Table 2. ...
The partnership between music therapy and speech-language pathology is gaining recognition as an effective approach in the rehabilitation of young children with acquired communication impairments (ACIs). Yet, there remains a notable gap in understanding the distinctive contributions and challenges inherent in this collaborative practice. This study explored the perspectives of music therapists (MTs) and speech-language pathologists (SLPs) regarding the unique role of this collaborative effort, the elements of successful collaboration, and the methods implemented by clinicians to evaluate outcomes. Semi-structured interviews were conducted with nine pairs of MTs and SLPs in rehabilitation facilities across seven countries. These interviews were analyzed thematically using Van Manen’s approach to hermeneutic phenomenology. Three themes arose from the data: (a) the role of collaborative music therapy and speech-language pathology, (b) building blocks of successful collaboration, and (c) evaluating collaborative practices. This collaboration fosters a unified strategy aimed at achieving shared language and communication goals. By combining their distinct expertise, MTs and SLPs can address the complex and varied needs of children with ACIs more effectively. However, further research is essential to comprehensively understand the functional outcomes arising from such collaborative endeavors in pediatric ACIs. This is crucial for validating the efficacy and significance of this approach in bolstering language and communication skills and advocating for its wider integration within rehabilitation services.
... Critical literature reviews, grounded in a phenomenological approach, prioritize the exploration of human experiences and their embedded meanings as conveyed through the literature. The ultimate goal is to achieve an intuitive and universal understanding, faithfully reconstructing the experiential process of the research participants through precise and vivid descriptions [22]. The core task of the reviewer is to reflect on and critique the experiences conveyed through the text. ...
... This provides a more rigorous approach to the description of the research experience. In terms of interpretive phenomenological practices, this study draws on the work of Max Van Manen [22], integrating elements of Heidegger's existential phenomenology and Gadamer's hermeneutic phenomenology. This leads to the construction of a comprehensive operational framework for critical literature reviews, as depicted in Figure 1. ...
Though literature reviews are vital to research, the field suffers from conceptual ambiguity and a lack of standardized methodologies for
conducting them. Critical literature reviews, which foreground in-depth and objective re-evaluation of existing research, are especially important
to the advancement of knowledge. This approach requires reviewers to possess rigorous critical thinking skills and methods to ensure objective
and impartial evaluations. Grounded in phenomenology as its theoretical foundation and critical thinking as its methodology, this article proposes
an operational framework for conducting critical literature reviews. This framework encompasses key processes such as literature screening, the
application of phenomenological methods, and the integration of review findings. Compared to traditional approaches, critical literature reviews
can more effectively reveal the deeper implications of research literature, provide a more nuanced analysis of research problems, and contribute
more significantly to knowledge innovation. This approach offers new perspectives and robust support for educational research, promoting its
further development. The value of critical literature reviews becomes even more pronounced in the context of the rapid rise of generative artificial
intelligence technologies. Critical literature reviews can help researchers break free from pre-existing assumptions and biases, develop accurate
and insightful interpretations of research findings, and conduct well-founded critiques. This approach avoids arbitrariness and ensures objective
evaluations, thereby enhancing the quality of educational research and promoting academic progress.
... Attempts to explain, predict and prevention suicide require an understanding of what suicidal thoughts and feelings mean to those who live it (Pompili, 2010). To understand any human experience we must first ask the phenomenological question, "What is this or that kind of experience like?" (Van Manen, 1997). Although the early pioneers of suicidology, like Edwin S. Shneidman and Erwin Stengel, asked "What is it like to be suicidal?" ...
... There are varying processes by which interpretive phenomenologists analyse data depending on the specific type of phenomenology being used. For this study purposes, we have chosen the analytical techniques described by Van Manen (1997). These six steps are: ...
Purpose: Suicide is a complex phenomenon that needs to be studied with a variety of approaches. The purpose of this study is to explore the lived experience of attempted suicide with the phenomenology approach. Method: An interpretive phenomenological approach was used to analyse semi-structured, in-depth interviews with 16 participants (ages 19-57) who were recruited by means of purposive sampling from October to November 2017 at the Farshchian Psychiatric Hospital in Hamadan/Iran. Data analysis was conducted according to van Manen's phenomenological method. Results: Identified three themes and eight subthemes: Mental pain (subthemes: living through grief, internal conflict, the world is better without me), Social challenges (lack of social connection, financial problems, social support services) and Need for love and belonging (feeling understood, need of empathy). Conclusions: Outcomes and key implications of the study related primarily to improving the treatment experiences of suicide attempt survivors and other at-risk population, and also advancing suicide prevention efforts and to provide support for suicide attempt survivors.
... Four other focus groups were conducted with para 1 women (14-50 days postpartum) who brought their infants to the centers for vaccination and neonatal screening. Purposive sampling was employed, utilizing a maximum variation strategy [9]. Based on age, education level, and family income. ...
Aim
To explore the perceptions of Jordanian primipara and para 1 women regarding Cesarean section delivery and provide insights for clinical practice, policy development, and future research to optimize maternity care practices and outcomes in Jordan and similar contexts.
Background
Global Cesarean section (CS) rates have risen steadily over recent decades. Jordan has witnessed a significant increase in CS rates. This trend has sparked interest in understanding the underlying factors behind this phenomenon and the perceptions surrounding CS delivery. Understanding these factors is essential for informing healthcare practices and promoting optimal maternal and neonatal health outcomes.
Methods
Forty-one primipara and para 1 women were interviewed within seven focus groups. The analysis was conducted using interpretative phenomenological analysis with the assistance of the NVivo 12 software program.
Results
Three main themes were identified: The Foundation of Women’s Knowledge and Cognitive Structures; The Influential Parties in Shaping Women’s Perceptions; and Transforming Perception into Action.
Discussion
To offer empathetic, comprehensive, and patient-centered care, healthcare professionals should discuss delivery options with pregnant mothers and factor in maternal preferences and perceptions. This study underscores the importance of supportive dialogue and informed decision-making in maternity care, advocating for a more individualized approach to childbirth.
... Analysis took a grounded theory approach to ensure that the complexities and intricacies of students experiences directly informed the empirical and theoretical findings of this research ( Glasser and Strauss 1999 ). Inquiry was left open without a hypothesis to ensure the lived experiences of participants were not fit into an idea but were the generative component of findings ( Van Manen 1997 ;Glaser and Strauss 1999 ). Through an iterative process of listening to recordings and reading transcripts, four key findings in how young people encountered global social justice topics across social media surfaced, each full of nuance and texture of diverse lived experience ( Van Manen 1997 ). ...
This paper addresses the evolvement of pedagogical content on global social injustices across social media (SM). Scholars have sought to evaluate political knowledges gained through SM, and/or debated its effectiveness in mobilising collective action. Shifting focus from top-down evaluations of political knowledge and activism online this paper looks to understand how those most SM active experience pedagogical content on social injustices. Focus groups with high school and university students across the UK highlight four key findings; 1.) young people are extremely cautious about trusting information on SM;2.) trust is more likely with content from those they feel personally connected to; 3.) exposure to lived-experience through SM creates affective learning and reflexivity; 4) SM can provide a catalyst for further learning and activism. Thus, for better or for worse, educators must acknowledge SM shapes understandings of global injustice and adapt teaching to embrace and equip students with appropriate critical skills.
... Interpretivism, introduced by thinkers like Max Weber, emphasised understanding social action from the actor's perspective (Weber, 1978). Similarly, phenomenology, championed by Edmund Husserl, focused on the lived experiences of individuals to uncover the essence of phenomena (van Manen, 1990). ...
The textbook is structured to provide a comprehensive yet accessible exploration of digital and strategic qualitative research. The book is divided into five sections, each addressing a critical aspect of qualitative research: [a] foundations of qualitative research: understanding qualitative research, strategic frameworks in qualitative research, and digital transformation in qualitative research; [b] methodologies and techniques: data collection techniques, strategic research planning, and analysing qualitative data; [c] advanced topics in qualitative research: digital ethnography, case study methodology, mixed methods and triangulation, and advanced digital tools and techniques; [d] applications and implications: practical applications in various disciplines, reporting and presenting qualitative findings, future of qualitative research, and [e] computer-assisted qualitative data analysis software (CAQDAS): software for qualitative data analysis, extended qualitative research methodologies, and preference of qualitative research methodology over quantitative and mixed methods.
... Dentre o total de artigos selecionados, 24 utilizaram o método fenomenológico existencial-hermenêutico para a análise, a partir de diferentes autores, no entanto, dentre esses, 15 não apresentavam instrumentos para a coleta de dados. Autores como Heidegger (1927), Merleau-Ponty (1964), Forghieri (1993, Moreira (2009), Van Manen (1990, Feijoo e Mattar (2014) foram os citados. Nessa mesma perspectiva fenomenológica-hermenêutica, mas em um viés empírico, identificaram-se nove estudos que apresentavam instrumentos para a coleta de dados, aliando o método fenomenológico de diferentes autores a entrevistas e dinâmicas de grupo para coleta de dados. ...
Realizou-se uma revisão sistemática qualitativa da literatura sobre como as Psicoterapias Humanistas, Fenomenológicas e Existenciais têm lidado com o método fenomenológico com relação à pesquisa qualitativa em Psicologia e à prática clínica, visando averiguar como procedem. Selecionou-se artigos em português, completos e referentes ao período de 2011 a 2021, a partir de buscas nas bases de dados LILACS, PePSIC e SciELO-Brasil. Como palavras chave: (método fenomenológico) AND (psicoterapia OR clínica). O corpus foi constituído por 45 artigos, os quais foram analisados quanti (Distribuição de artigos publicados; Desempenho dos periódicos brasileiros; Ranque dos psicólogos com maior índice de publicação; Filiações institucionais dos autores e coautores) e qualitativamente em função das dimensões: (I) desenho metodológico empregado, (II) análise de dados, (III) método fenomenológico no fazer terapêutico. Os resultados apontam: maior produção de artigos em 2020; concentração de publicações em um periódico de orientação humanista; predominância de autores e universidades cearenses e predominância de produções empíricas. O instrumento mais utilizado para coleta de dados a entrevista semiestruturada; para análise de dados muito se recorreu ao proposto por Giorgi e Sousa (2010), sendo o método de análise mais citado nas pesquisas o fenomenológico existencial-hermenêutico, que se baseou em diferentes autores. Os conceitos filosóficos propostos por Husserl aparecem de forma diferente daquela explorada pelo filósofo, aparecendo como: postura (profissional), atitude de compreensão tomada pelo psicólogo, evidenciando seu modo de intervenção. Ainda, os autores tratam como sinônimos as ideias de epoché, redução, redução fenomenológica, com um significado geral de atitude/postura. Parece incoerente aplicar o método fenomenológico diretamente como recurso psicoterapêutico, tendo em vista sua elaboração e desenvolvimento como método de investigação e validação dos fenômenos, tarefa particularmente introspectiva, racional e reflexiva.
... In the thematic analysis (Braun & Clarke, 2019) of qualitative data obtained in this study, we analyzed the China data and EU data as two separate groups with the aim of finding some patterns within each group as themes. In qualitative studies, themes are taken as the structure of people's lived experiences (van Manen, 1990). When determining themes, we focused on the salience of ideas, but the frequency of their mention by 20 participants in each group was also recorded and reported in this study (see Liu, 2023b). ...
The de-risking strategy rolled out by the European Union (EU) in 2023 was a major historical event for EU-China relations in higher education. In this study, 40 international education professionals from both China and the EU were interviewed to glean an understanding of what potential impact the policy may have on EU-China relations in higher education. Using knowledge diplomacy as a theoretical lens, this study aims to examine whether the higher education sector is able to balance national security and knowledge diplomacy in their international activities in the "de-risking" context. Despite some important concerns perceived, close to half of international educators from both sides are optimistic about the higher education sector's ability to transcend geopolitical tensions and continue collaboration. The confidence in the future prospect shows that de-risking presents challenges to collaborations, but the challenges do not necessarily eliminate the possibility of knowledge diplomacy.
... This participatory observation approach enables researchers to directly understand the social context and interactions of teenagers, providing rich insights into how they interact in multilingual and multicultural environments (Angrosino, 2007). Five teenagers were selected through purposive sampling for in-depth interviews, allowing researchers to explore their individual experiences in greater detail and gain a more holistic understanding of their perspectives (Van Manen, 1990). This phenomenological approach underscores the importance of understanding the subjective experiences of teenagers within their social and cultural contexts, offering in-depth insights into the dynamics of identity and communication in post-colonial urban environments. ...
This research aims to analyze the use of code-switching in the daily communications of urban adolescents in Jakarta's post-colonial urban environment and its impact on forming their cross-cultural identities. The study focuses on adolescents aged 18-20 years living in Jakarta, a post-colonial urban setting with diverse ethnic and cultural backgrounds. The research subjects include their daily interactions and social media usage, which are the primary arenas for code-switching. A qualitative approach, utilizing phenomenological methods, participatory observation, and in-depth interviews, was employed. Five teenagers were selected through purposive sampling for in-depth interviews to understand their personal experiences with code-switching and its impact on their identities. These individuals are of mixed heritage residing in Indonesia. Data was thematically analyzed to identify key patterns and themes. The findings suggest that code-switching in communication serves not only as a practical communication tool but also as a crucial means of negotiating identity and group membership. Adolescents often use code-switching to adapt to different social contexts. These findings have implications for education and social policy, particularly in designing programs that support cultural and linguistic diversity in urban environments.
... This approach was used to uncover the nature and essence of nurses' care experiences and to provide a comprehensive description of the ethical problems they encountered while caring for injured affected by the earthquake (Heidegger, 1962;Reiners, 2012). "Phenomenological research" is rooted in a philosophical method known as phenomenology, which primarily seeks to comprehend and elucidate individuals' lived experiences and viewpoints (Moustakas, 1994;Polkinghorne, 1989;van Manen, 1990). ...
... This study approaches educational inequalities and justice as an "object" of human experience, as informed by a phenomenological approach (van Manen, 1990). It describes what a social group of youth has in common as they experience the phenomenon of rising educational inequalities collectively by probing the diverse youth voices and perceptions about how they understand the meaning of educational inequalities and social justice. ...
Rising educational inequality is considered as one pressing social problem in many national education systems. There is limited existing literature that examines how youth from different social backgrounds perceive and consider social inequalities and “justice.” This study addresses this research gap by probing the perspectives of different young peoplewho have experienced the competitive Hong Kong education system through qualitative interviews. The findings revealed that youth, despite facing challenges, adopted a relatively “positive” mindset by focusing on what they could change rather than being fatalistic about social reproduction. Both middle-class and working-class young people in the sample did not view differences in family capital as inequalities but believed in education’s role in promoting social mobility within a meritocratic system. The study also suggests redefining “life successes” from traditional measures of status and wealth to the perspectives of students that value job and life satisfaction. Critical analyses that highlight the embedded neoliberalism were conducted on these problematic findings, and the implications for educational policies were discussed.
... In searching for answers to the question of what it means to participate in a season of sport education, van Manen (1997) notes that in the phenomenological study of any topic, it is not enough to simply recall experiences others have had with respect to a particular phenomenon. Rather, the task is to recall the experience in such a way that the essential aspects, the meaning structure of this experience as lived through, are brought back, as it were, and in such a way that we recognize this description as a possible human experience, which means as a possible interpretation of that experience. ...
There would be little debate that sport education is the most researched pedagogical model. From the earliest descriptive accounts of student and teacher behaviors to quantitative studies testing the efficacy of the model’s objectives, there are now meta-analyses of students’ motivation, knowledge, skill and motor performance. However, the early research using student's voice involved small sample sizes and focused on what Kretchmar ([2000]. “Moving and Being Moved: Implications for Practice.” Quest 52 (3): 260–272. https://doi.org/10.1080/00336297.2000.10491714) would call surface level explanations such as fun and enjoyment. Consequently, what is missing in the literature are rich descriptions of the lived experience and meanings that students attach to their experience in classes informed by the model.
... As such, we are guided by hermeneutic phenomenology and adopt a qualitative interpretivist approach to understand and map participants' emotional timescapes. Under this paradigm there is no prescribed method, but interviews, observations and discussions are common investigative tools (Van Manen, 1997). We supplemented this with object elicitation and memory work, which we describe below. ...
This exploratory study contributes to the leisure studies literature in three main ways: through foregrounding the emotionality of intellectually disabled people, an under-represented group within the context of events; through focusing on an arts festival, a form of event overlooked in comparison to other commonly studied types of events; and finally, through the testing of a new methodological framework-Brown's emotional timescapes for events, itself adapted from Maguire and Geiger's work on servicescapes. In this New Zealand-based study, we explore the emotions experienced by attendees, performers, volunteers, support workers and event organisers. Data from 20 interviews, participant observation and autoethnography was deductively analysed with a focus on expressions of emotion. We crafted a narrative for each individual, allowing us to identify the influence of the eventscape and map temporal patterns of emotional responses across the festival timescape. Findings show that participants experienced strong positive emotions. This was influenced by elements of the eventscape. In particular, interaction with others (including audience reaction) played a significant role in emotional timescapes. While the emotional timescape model was useful for broadly representing intensity of emotion over the duration of an event, we also identified limitations and propose a way to expand Brown's theory.
... This article applied a qualitative research approach. A qualitative approach and phenomenological research design were employed for the purpose of understanding perceptions and self-reported OCBs by EFL instructors working at a state university in Konya as the research aimed at unraveling the essence of the instructors' perceptions and common themes that emerge from their narratives (Creswell, 2013;Campbell et al., 2013;Moustakas, 1994;Van Manen, 1990). ...
... Voor Aristoteles was het belangrijkste onderscheid tussen praktische wijsheid en kennis dat praktische wijsheid te maken had met verrijkende levenservaringen (Küpers & Statler, 2008). Praktische wijsheid wordt hierbij boven intellectuele wetenschappelijke en rationele kennis gesteld ( Van Manen, 1996). In dit kader hebben onder andere Gardner (2010), Sutherland (1996), Covey (2014) en Nullens (2019) de relevantie van meervoudige intelligenties naar voren gebracht als basis voor leiderschapsreflectie. ...
at leidinggevenden geconfronteerd worden met steeds complexere uitdagingen, is geen nieuws. De toenemende vloeibare en onbeheersbare dynamiek is volgens filosofen als Bau- man en Rosa vandaag de dag wel reden tot alertheid. Zij noemen dit een tijd van onzeker- heid en vervreemding. Rosa wijt dat aan de dominante nadruk op economische groei. Hij stelt vast dat we de neiging hebben telkens harder te gaan werken. Hij beschrij! hiermee de ervaring van de ‘krimpende tijd’; we willen meer bereiken in minder tijd. Deze sociale versnelling als gevolg van een blijvende nadruk op groei wordt door steeds meer leiding- gevenden ervaren als bron van vervreemding. Deze literatuurreview verkent de rol van re- flectie en bezinning in het licht van deze uitdagingen. Twee reflectiedimensies komen naar voren: ten eerste de persoonlijke en belichaamde reflectie op de vaak intense ervaringen in deze tijd. En ten tweede de dimensie van de gezamenlijke ‘dialogische betekenisgevende’ reflectie met anderen. Deze literatuurstudie laat ook zien dat het onderwerp ‘reflectie’ voornamelijk bij professionals is onderzocht, en niet onder leidinggevenden. Dit roept de vraag op: Is de algemene aanname dat professionals ‘reflecteren’ en dat leidinggevenden vooral ‘handelen’?
... The data were processed and analysed by the researcher, with the collaboration of the supervisors and researchers from the Fundamental Research Group of the Lisbon Nursing Research, Innovation and Development Centre (CIDNUR), with the aim of understanding the nature of human health phenomena, with lived experience as the focus of nursing care, in the context of collaborative analysis [30]. ...
Background/Objectives: Parents who accompany their children with a complex chronic illness until their death experience a unique situation, with vulnerabilities, specific needs and enormous suffering. The aim of the study was to describe the lived experience of parents who accompanied their children with a complex chronic illness until their death, in a paediatric palliative care setting. Methods: We opted for a qualitative methodology, with a descriptive phenomenological orientation. Phenomenological interviews were carried out with nine intentionally selected mothers, with the support of a paediatric palliative care hospital team. The procedural phases of van Kaam’s method, modified by Moustakas, were used to analyse the data. Results: An understanding of the essential structure of the phenomenon is revealed in a description made up of three essential themes: ‘facing the harbinger of illness’; ‘living (together) with a sick child’; and ‘starting again without ever forgetting: living with an absent child’, the latter being the subject of this article. Conclusions: The participants attribute a self-transforming meaning to their lived experience of accompanying their children. Nurses will be able to access the lived experience of these mothers and improve their intervention in the process of their children’s illness, as well as in their bereavement process. There are also contributions to research and teaching in palliative care in the area of child and paediatric health.
... Phenomenology is particularly well-suited for understanding the subjective, lived experiences of individuals (Creswell & Poth, 2018). Van Manen (1990) identified phenomenology as the study of the essence of experiences, which can be best understood in detail within a context. The present research concerns a group of undergraduates' lived learning experience in a transnational IET program, making it ideal for a phenomenological approach. ...
This phenomenological study delves into the learning experiences of Chinese undergraduate students enrolled in a transnational International Economics and Trade program, which is collaboratively run by Chinese and Australian universities. Through in-depth semi-structured interviews with 23 students from various years of study, the research aims to uncover how these students navigate and derive meaning from their experiences within a cross-cultural educational setting. Data analysis reveals three prominent themes: the differences in course design for state-planned versus non-state-planned students, the challenges posed by intensive academic demands and diverse assessment methods, and the necessity of adapting to distinct teaching methodologies prevalent in the two educational systems. The findings underscore the urgent need for improved administrative coordination, enhanced collaboration among Chinese and Australian teaching staff, and better preparation for students entering transnational programs. This study significantly contributes to the understanding of the complexities inherent in cross-border higher education, providing valuable insights that can inform strategies to enhance teaching quality and enrich student experiences in similar international programs.
... Phenomenological enquiry asks that we foreground the experiential in our writing and equitation practices alike. It requires that we 're-learn to look at the world as we meet it' [1] (p. 184), then and there, through a 'kind of attention and wonder, a demand for awareness, a will to grasp the sense of the world in its nascent state' [2] (p. ...
This case study aims to problematise concepts of equine and human co-relational agency in the context of ‘mis-re-presentations’ in the Australian media of harms experienced by the Anglo Arab stallion, Cambridge, following his development of laminitis and his consequent confinement at a leading national Equestrian centre. Autoethnographic narrative is used to retrospectively and selectively narrate the evolving relationship between Cambridge and his owners, farrier, and treating veterinarians within the dominant housing and veterinary practices and welfare paradigms in equestrian culture of 1990’s Australia. Structured author/owner autoethnographic vignettes are framed by newspaper and internet reportage to highlight a productive tension between the public mediation of the case, and what it means to be fully embodied in relationship with an equine companion agent within a particular, racialised, gendered, and biopoliticised location. Adopting a phenomenologically informed intersectional feminist ethics of care perspective, a counternarrative to the gendered, racialised and essentialising rights-based judgements about Cambridge’s illness and eventual death that dominated the popular media is provided. Crucially, the autoethnographic vignettes are chosen to capture the corporeal reciprocity and rapport of forces that produced a co-created agentivity that characterised the horse’s birth, training, and treatment. The embodied interspecies knowledge that informs the training and care of equines (and all animal species) is always historically situated within permeable, dynamic worlds of self and other that are fluid, contextual, and always in relation. It is suggested that the case of Cambridge illustrates how competing stakeholder investments in animal welfare can play out in the public mediation of particular cases in ways that exclude their historical and interspecies situatedness and serve to reinforce dominant ideologies governing human and animal relationships.
This study aims to identify effective educational strategies to empower women for leadership roles in Malaysia’s corporate sector and evaluate their impact on advancing gender equality (SDG 5) and quality education (SDG 4). Employing a qualitative phenomenological approach, the research utilizes purposive and snowball sampling to conduct in-depth interviews with senior female executives in Malaysia, exploring their experiences and perceptions of educational strategies for leadership empowerment. The findings reveal six effective strategies: comprehensive leadership development programmes, mentorship from female leaders and coaching by business experts, gender diversity and inclusivity initiatives, networking and collaborative learning programmes, professional skill development workshops, and return-to-work programmes. However, due to geographical and work-related constraints, the study is limited by a small sample size of five participants. Despite these limitations, the study offers valuable insights for empowering women and learning in organizations. The identified strategies provide practical direction for designing targeted learning programmes that address the unique challenges faced by women in the corporate sector, enhancing their leadership potential and contributing to the achievement of SDG 5 and SDG 4. The originality of this research in educational strategies lies in equipping women with the skills, knowledge, and confidence necessary for leadership roles in Malaysia that contribute to academic literature and practical frameworks for promoting gender equality and women’s empowerment.
The central role that English plays in civil aviation means that airline pilots, air traffic controllers and other key personnel require substantial training in its use. Aviation English (AE), which is the language used in the global aviation sector, forms part of the broader context of English for Specific Purposes (ESP). AE is designed to equip learners with the language proficiency required for effective communication in the aviation industry. With reference to one specific study, this chapter illustrates the value of qualitative research in developing an understanding of AE course design and delivery. The study involved the use of participant narratives, semi-structured interviews, and text analysis. This chapter demonstrates that qualitative research plays a critical role in informing and enhancing AE education, underscoring its value in addressing the evolving needs of the aviation sector and ensuring the highest standards of communication and safety in aviation operations.
Designing and carrying out effective and valid research are the desired goals of all researchers, and demonstrating the trustworthiness of one’s dissertation research is a requirement for all doctoral candidates. For qualitative researchers, reaching the desired goal and meeting the requirement of trustworthiness become particularly problematic due to the considerable debate about what it means to do valid research in the field of qualitative inquiry. This article reviews the various approaches to the validity problem in the hope of turning this debate into a dialogue. Validity is traced from its origins in the realist ontology and foundational epistemology of quantitative inquiry to its reformulations within the lifeworld ontology and non-foundationalism of interpretive human inquiry. Various recent qualitative approaches to validity are considered, and interpretive reconfigurations of validity are reviewed. Interpretive approaches to validity are synthesized as ethical and substantive procedures of validation.
Alevi students' longstanding discontentment regarding compulsory religious education has become an important human rights issue in Türkiye. Although many theologists, political scientists, and legal scholars have conducted research on this subject, studies addressing the issue through curriculum and teaching practices are limited. This study seeks to examine the experiences of 12 Alevi university students in the province of Nevşehir who attended Türkiye's compulsory Religious Culture and Ethics course within the context of religious identity and gender from a multidimensional perspective. Participants included six female and six male students. Data were analyzed along the axis of gender. The findings highlight institutionalized discrimination through curricula and teaching practices in different dimensions. According to the findings, teachers' attitudes and behaviors on the axis of religious identity included discrimination and hatred, with participants being subjected to both verbal and physical violence. Alevism topics in the content of the course book were either not dealt with or were considered superficially or on the axis of imposition/discrimination. When the experiences of Alevi participants were investigated in terms of gender, it was determined that both female and male students reported being restrained, although the extent differed by gender. While female students were pressured to adopt
The purpose of this research was to explore coaches’ perceptions of athletes’ social media use. There has not been a thorough examination of social media’s effects on coaches or the consequences of social media for meaningful relations between coach and athlete. This is an important area to investigate because previous literature suggests that social media has psychological ramifications that influence athletes’ behavior; that athletes may not be aware of, or understand, the implications that social media may have; and that athletes do not realize that social media platforms have an effect on their mental game in sport performance. Given that the coach–athlete relationship is important to sport-performance success, it is important to examine coaches’ perspectives on social media’s influence on athletes. Accordingly, a phenomenological approach was utilized to understand this experience. Semistructured interviews were conducted with six high-performance coaches of a variety of individual sports. The interviews underwent a phenomenological-analysis sequence to coconstruct meaning from the data and explore the topic. Although there is limited research on the topic of social media’s impact on coaches, research has recognized that athletes’ preoccupation with social media is a perceived challenge for coaches. The findings from the present study illustrate how coaches observe social media influencing their athletes’ behaviors, the persuasive qualities of social media, and how young athletes navigate their image on social media.
Abstract #1
How was your experience of teaching in Higher Education when you began lecturing? How come it was like that? I guess you could talk about it quite a bit uh… Well, other lecturers too. I wonder what they'd say.
Abstract #2
Early Career Academics (ECA) often find themselves starting a lecturing position in a Higher Education Institution (HEI) without knowing how to teach and/or with limited comparable previous experience. This is by itself a difficult task to face emotionally and cognitively speaking, and it adds to the already long list of demands that ECAs face when freshly starting the role. This issue leads us to wonder how ECAs experience teaching in Higher Education. This broad question has been tackled by offering descriptions in the literature as mixed feeling and overall negative emotions. In turn, this project contributes to the field by looking into how experiencing teaching may itself be inscribed in a learning process. Theory Work is undertaken to elaborate and argue for a constructivist and processual understanding of experience, emotions, and learning. Here, the argument is that experiences can be conceptually understood through ii perezhivanie (Vygotski, 1994) to highlight how they are learnt and lead to learning, while elaborating how learning is itself an emotional experience. Then, the project moves towards the empirical (re)creation/production of the experience of teaching with ECAs through the Art-Based Research method of Poetic Transcription done jointly with the lecturers. The experiences are presented as an exhibition of collected poems, curated and commented on by the researcher following an entrance and three rooms structure.
Due to the frequent use of artificial intelligence (AI) technologies in daily life, it is thought that primary school students acquire information about this concept from various sources. The way these sources present AI may affect students' perceptions of AI. In the study, it was aimed to examine the perceptions of third and fourth grade primary school students about AI through metaphors and drawings. This research, which was conducted with the participation of 262 students, was conducted with the phenomenological design. When the metaphors of the participants were analysed, it was determined that they produced 100 metaphors, and these metaphors were evaluated in 17 categories as humanistic feature, information source, danger, development, superhuman feature, service, source of happiness, productivity, orientation, commitment, pervasiveness, necessity, security, speed, difficulty, virtual environment and uncertainty. Accordingly, it was determined that the participants evaluated AI from many different perspectives and produced the most metaphors in the categories of humanistic feature, information source and danger. It was determined that the metaphors human, brain and living were prominent in the human characteristic category; the metaphors teacher, wise and book were prominent in the source of information category; and finally, the metaphors enemy, weapon and monster were prominent in the danger category. When the drawing findings were analysed, it was determined that 37 codes represented four categories: purpose, object, interaction and environment. In the purpose category, service, source of information, and source of happiness; in the object category, mostly humanoid robot; in the interaction category, emphasising interaction; and in the environment category, the environment was not specified. In line with the findings obtained, literature discussions were made and suggestions were made.
This study aimed to explore the community context, developed, and evaluated the effectiveness of a health promotion through music therapy intervention program among rural social bound elderly by community participation in Roi Et, Thailand. A mixed-method design was employed in 3 phases. Phase 1 explored community context through a qualitative method from 22 key informants. In phase 2, developed a program. In phase 3, implemented and evaluated a program development through a pretest-posttest nonequivalent control group design with 56 participants in each group. The Thai version of the brief form of the World Health Organization Quality of Life (WHOQOL-BREF-THAI), and The Srithanya Stress Test (ST-5) questionnaires were collected. Quantitative data were analyzed using %ages, means, standard deviation, and independent-paired t tests, while qualitative data were analyzed using content analysis. The results in qualitative method showed three themes; lack of knowledge, living alone and stress, and decreased self-worth. A program development involved sixth activities; providing knowledge about changes in older age; providing knowledge about music therapy and playing the Angklung to health volunteer and elderly; encouraging elderly to perform music therapy; Creating innovations; enhancing self-worth and pride for the elderly; and enhancing community participation. Quantitative method showed after implementation, the experimental group had significantly higher mean score in quality of life and lower mean score in stress than the control group. The results indicated that the program development could enhance quality of life and reduce stress among elderly. However, further studies in a randomized controlled trial should be performed.
This essay emphasizes the essential aspects of becoming a teacher in everyday practice. Currently, neoliberal ideals and evidence-based practices significantly influence teacher education. However, several decades ago, the concept of Bildung was a predominant principle. This paper presents five approaches to Bildung in relation to education, highlighting discernible differences. For instance, critical Bildung addresses issues related to colonial patterns and global ecological thinking, whereas traditional concepts of Bildung largely reflect traditional Western values. In discussions with 22 colleagues, all of whom are university teachers involved in teacher education, it became apparent that most did not explicitly differentiate between their personal experiences as students or teachers, which involve their ingrained personal values from which some mirrors the concept of Bildung. Revisiting Bildung as a core concept in teacher education necessitates a serious discourse on human growth and development. This includes discussions on viewing learning as a lifelong pursuit versus the achievement of specific objectives, and the advantages and disadvantages of short courses versus comprehensive education and training. For example, this approach may allow some teacher educators to accompany a cohort of students throughout their educational journey.
Background
Managing clinical risk and patient safety is high on clinical and political agendas. Advanced nurse practitioners (ANPs) are frontline practitioners who make critical decisions. The ANP experience of navigating patient safety and risk is under-researched.
Aim
To explore the lived experience of ANPs in managing risk and patient safety in acute settings.
Method
A total of 10 ANPs from three acute settings provided data over 10 months on their experiences of managing risk and safety. Data were obtained through reflective interviews, written reflections and researcher journals. Data were analysed through Van Manen's approach, which was supplemented by NVivo 11.
Results
The data suggested that how ANPs manage risk and patient safety is influenced by a variety of factors, such as the situation, their knowledge breadth and application, the level of available management support, and their personal emotions. When facing uncertainty, insufficient knowledge/information/time, ANPs were reportedly guided by feelings (happiness, comfort, care, concern, worry) and, in critical times, fuelled by fear. Emotions were both drivers and barriers to practitioners' capabilities. Snapshot judgements were individualised and negotiated depending on the practitioners' and patients' risk tolerance. Experiences of risk often identified a learning need or knowledge deficit, which provided opportunities to develop and advance ANP practice.
Conclusions
Recognising the emotional toll of managing risk and providing the necessary preparation/training, as well as providing ongoing educational and emotional support of ANPs, will impact recruitment, retention and patient care.
Purpose: The purpose of this qualitative study is to examine the healthcare supply process in public hospitals in a multi-dimensional manner and to reveal the weaknesses and strengths in this process. Method: This qualitative study was conducted among stakeholders with sufficient knowledge and experience about healthcare supply processes in public hospitals. Within this research scope, semi-structured interviews were conducted with 14 participants determined using purposeful and snowball sampling methods. The data was analyzed using the thematic coding method with an inductive interpretive phenomenology approach. Nvivo 2020 software was used during the analysis process. Findings: The current legislation in Türkiye was observed to allow for various supply methods. The open tender method was determined to be the best cost-advantage one in terms of economy of scale. However, it may cause a decrease in material quality. Therefore, well-designed specifications and qualified human resources play an essential role in the supply process. Originality: This study reveals the possible negative effects of a cost-oriented approach in the supply process on quality in public hospitals. Additionally, the necessity of quality human resources in the supply process of healthcare was identified as an important problem. Informal structures were also emphasized among suppliers, which may disrupt the competitive environment.
In recent times of volatility and acceleration, leaders in organisations at a strategic level are facing increasingly complex adaptive challenges accompanied with a growing body of information, as for example seen with the COVID-19 pandemic. They are increasingly challenged by an uncontrollable dynamic. This review explores what the role is of reflective practices considering these challenges. The background of the study is the observation that likewise business research is accelerated in a tremendous speed, thereby remaining fragmented and interdisciplinary. Therefore, this study analyses the content of literature on leadership and reflectivity in current times. The aim is to investigate the main key-concepts and to create an agenda for further research. This review demonstrates that addressing slow questions and creating meaningful relations could play a critical role for leaders experiencing adaptive challenges and 'shrinking time'. The meta-reflection in this review revealed two dimensions of reflective practices relevant for future investigation: firstly, intrapersonal, intuitive, and embodied reflection on the experiences of leaders; and secondly, dialogical 'sense-making' with others. This review shows that reflective practices have primarily been studied among professionals, and not among leaders. This raises the question: Is the general assumption that professionals 'reflect' and that leaders mainly 'act'?
The NHS faces increasing pressures to deliver higher quality service and care with
diminishing budgets and cost-saving requirements year-on-year. This research
explores attitudes towards models of CPD and CPD activity of NHS educators and
the levels of engagement of individuals in their professional learning. Models of
professional learning in the NHS in England continue to be a source of heated
debate, particularly in relation to the currency and relevance of the knowledge and
skills expected of staff responsible for programmes of professional learning
development in the sector. At the same time, the teaching profession in general
continues to undergo constant change as political and social landscapes shift.
Increasing pressures are being placed on the finances of individuals and
organisations regarding budgets for Continuing Professional Development (CPD).
Preoccupations with ensuring value for money are high on the managerial agenda.
Many qualified educators working in non-standard education settings such as the
NHS see themselves as teachers whose subject specialism is the discipline and
practice of Education. No more, no less. While others regard themselves as ‘dual
professionals,’ for example, clinicians who also teach. In the case of the latter group,
emphasis is often placed more upon their development of their professional
knowledge in their original discipline or subject, rather than upon their professional
knowledge of the discipline of Education. A consequence of this, is often that the
engagement in professional learning and CPD of NHS staff who teach can differ in
remarkably diverse ways and to varying degrees.
This research begins with a detailed account of several narrative accounts in
professional practice encountered in the context of my own work as an educator and supporter of professional learning and CPD for NHS staff. It examines concepts of professional practice, professional learning, professional knowledge, and knowledge ‘transfer’ in the context of the NHS. Through personal accounts gathered by conducting individual qualitative interviews, the research addresses the ways in
which professionals in the NHS in roles like mine attribute value and purpose to their
own professional learning and CPD activity in this context. It also considers the ways these individuals make sense of their professional practice as both educators and subject specialists. Finally, this thesis offers insights into where responsibility is
currently seen to reside in relation to professional learning and the provision of CPD in relation to the individual, the employer or both. The consequences of current
models of CPD are critically examined and discussed in relation to contributions from relevant literature in this field of study in Chapter 2 and in subsequent chapters of this thesis. The findings of this research contribute to discussions around the value of educational practice in NHS organisations, as reported by managerial teams and by the practitioners engaged in professional learning and development across the sector.
Through an unsustainable moniker that often receives no reprieve, Black women student affairs professionals become the institutional fixer—the StrongBlackWoman who can do all. Through a raced and gendered expectation, they support the needs of their students, many of whom are students of color. This effort creates a precarious double bind that traps Black women student affairs professionals as they are seen through their strength, not through their humanity. Although there have been numerous studies in student affairs that have connected student affairs burnout and attrition and few others that have connected a raced and gendered experience to that burnout as Black women or folx of color, additional research is needed, especially to examine the connection between the experience of operating within a StrongBlackWoman phenomenon and how that impacts their well-being as Black women student affairs professionals. Rooted within Black feminist thought as a theoretical framework and utilizing a hermeneutic phenomenological approach, this article aims to discuss findings from a recent dissertation that explored the experiences of Black women student affairs professionals, which underscored the StrongBlackWoman phenomenon. The findings from this study discuss the theme that “Black women cannot disengage” and highlight the subtheme of the StrongBlackWoman and the BlackGirlMagic narratives and how they connect the experience of emotional exhaustion. The article concludes with implications for student affairs professionals, as well as recommendations for the area of human resources.
Background: This study explores the increasing consumption of sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) among children aged 8 to 14 years from the parental perspective, aiming to identify influencing factors. Methods: A qualitative phenomenological approach was used, involving in-depth interviews with parents. Thematic analysis was employed to extract insights. The study was conducted in Coventry, West Midlands, UK with a purposive sampling technique to select participants. Data were manually transcribed and analyzed using Braun and Clarke's six-phase framework for thematic analysis. Results: Four key themes surfaced: (1) parental control over the provision of sugar-sweetened beverages, (2) marketing tactics, (3) shopping and special events, and (4) friend influence. Children's drinking habits are greatly influenced by parental practices, such as rewarding children with SSBs and giving their desires priority. Lower pricing makes SSBs more accessible, and effective marketing—which includes commercials and a variety of product options—encourages usage. Peer pressure and special events also play crucial roles. Conclusion: The research emphasizes how peer pressure, marketing, special events, and parental conduct all interact in intricate ways to impact children's intake of sugar-sweetened beverages. To address these concerns, it emphasizes the need of focused public health initiatives and policies. The growing trend of SSB intake may be lessened by informing parents about healthier options and the dangers of SSBs, as well as by regulating marketing strategies. Public health benefits greatly from this study, which indicates that to properly address this problem, more professional engagement and development are necessary.
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