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The Esmeralda suite for Laue diffraction data treatment

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Abstract

The Esmeralda suite for Windows, Linux and OS X is a set of applications that range from the simulation of Laue patterns to the extraction from measured Laue patterns of normalized squared structure factors ready for use for structure determination. While still in the beta phase, Esmeralda is already routinely used for the data processing of neutron Laue diffractometers such as VIVALDI, CYCLOPS, ORIENT_EXPRESS (ILL) or the hard X-ray facility (ILL). The main features of the Esmeralda suite can be summarized as follows: - Application with a graphic user interface (GUI) - support for any Laue instrument geometry - accepted data file formats: tif, bmp,hbin,bin,img and raw - interactive zooming, 3D visualization, stereographic projection - automatic search of Bragg peaks - procedures for the indexing of peaks and the refinement of the sample orientation - interactive adjustment of a series of individual parameters (offsets, cell parameters, propagation vector components, minimum d-spacing and wavelength range). - integration of Bragg peaks using procedures which account for the overlap of close reflections. This can be performed either automatically or manually. - normalization of the integrated intensities to get lambda-free squared structure factors - etc.
The Esmeralda suite
for Laue diffraction data treatment
Luis Fuentes-Montero (Diamond Facility, Chilton Ditcot, UK)
Petr Cermak (FRM-II, Munich, Germany)
Juan Rodriguez-Carvajal and Alain Filhol (ILL, Grenoble, France)
Interactively adjusting propagation vector components
Free app for Windows, Linux, OS X
<http://lauesuite.com>
Main features
- graphic user interface (GUI)
- any Laue instrument geometry
- file formats: tif,bmp,hbin,bin,img, raw
- zooming, 3D, stereographic projection
- automatic search of Bragg peaks
- indexing of peaks, sample orientation
- interactive adjustment of parameters:
(offsets, cell parameters, propagation
vector components, minimum d-spacing
and wavelength range)
- integration of Bragg peaks
(accounts for peak overlap)
- normalization of the integrated
intensities -> lambda-free F2
- etc.
Profile plot
From raw data to corrected data and peak search
Development status
While still in the beta phase, it is
already routinely used for the data pro-
cessing of neutron Laue diffractom-
eters such as: VIVALDI, CYCLOPS,
ORIENT_EXPRESS
or the hard X-ray facility (ILL).
A set of applications that range from
the simulation of Laue patterns
to the extraction from measured Laue
patterns of normalized squared struc-
ture factors ready for use for structure
determination.
... The quality of the produced single crystals was verified by Laue method using both Xrays and neutrons; back-reflection geometry in the case of X-rays, CYCLOPS diffractometer at the Institut Laue-Langevin Grenoble in the case of neutrons [58]. The measured sharp nuclear diffractions were processed using Esmeralda software [59]. Specimens for optical characterization were prepared using a band saw Exact 300 CP with 100 microns thick band. ...
Preprint
Full-text available
We report on single crystal growth of laser material Nd:YAG widely used in the applications by innovative crucible-free floating zone method implemented in an advanced laser optical furnace. We have optimized the parameters for the production of high-quality single crystals of the size typical for laser tubes. To reduce the strain and improve machinability, we have developed an afterheater to thermalize the grown part of a single crystal below the hot zone, which is a technique unavailable in common mirror furnaces. The high quality of the single crystals was verified by Laue diffraction and the internal strain was documented by neutron diffraction. The absorption spectrum corresponds with the parameters of the commercially used material produced by Czochralski method. The presented methodology for the single crystal growth by floating zone method with laser heating is applicable for the preparation of other high-quality single crystals of oxide-based materials, particularly in an oxidizing environment unattainable in commonly used crucible methods.
Thesis
Le projet de cette thèse est d'évaluer les propriétés multicaloriques, et notamment magnétocaloriques et élastocaloriques éventuellement couplées entre elles des alliages d'Heusler de type Ni-Mn-X (X= In, Co-In,...). C'est une recherche amont pouvant rapidement conduire à la recherche de développement de nouveaux dispositifs de refroidissement ou de nouvelles fonctionnalités d'où l'intérêt porté par certains acteurs du monde socio-économique. D'un point de vue fondamental, il s'agissait d'étudier la transformation structurale et magnétique qui se produit en température entre la phase cubique à haute température dite « austénite » et la phase basse température dite « martensite ». L'application d'un champ magnétique ou d'une contrainte uniaxiale déplace les températures de transformation respectivement vers les basses températures ou les hautes températures et permet également d'induire la transformation d'une phase vers l'autre. Les propriétés multicaloriques résultent de la variation d'entropie conséquente à l'application des champs mentionnés ci-dessus d'autant plus importante qu'elle se produit proche de la température de transformation.Un effort soutenu a été porté sur la détermination de la structure martensitique qui reste à ce jour non consensuelle au travers des résultats de la littérature. Or la martensite est responsable des propriétés à mémoire de forme et une connaissance de la structure a permis d'éclairer la transformation martensitique à la base des propriétés élastocaloriques.L'originalité de l'étude reposait à la fois dans l'étude des propriétés élastocaloriques, moins étudiées que les propriétés magnétocaloriques, et sur une combinaison d'approches théoriques et expérimentales. En effet, les études de diffractions neutroniques ont permis de mieux comprendre la structure cristallographique des phases. Elles ont été couplées avec des mesures expérimentales visant à déterminer les variations d'entropie. Ces mesures expérimentales reposaient également sur la mise en place de systèmes de mesure versatiles combinant généralement l'application d'une contrainte uniaxiale, un balayage en température (77K – 400K), des mesures fines en température ou en transport et l'application éventuelle d'un champ magnétique. Cette versatilité expérimentale mise en œuvre a permis d'appréhender dans sa globalité l'effet élastocalorique des alliages ferromagnétiques à mémoire de forme.
Article
A new simplified synthesis of an Er2Ti2O7 single crystal is presented. The single crystal was prepared by a floating zone technique from the unreacted stoichiometric mixture of starting oxides Er2O3 and TiO2. No intermediate reactions of constituent oxides were conducted in contrast to previous studies. We demonstrate a good quality of prepared single crystal by both thorough (microscopic) chemical and structural characterization of the material and measurements of previously reported low-temperature properties: An Er2Ti2O7 single crystal was characterized by means of x-ray, electron and neutron diffraction techniques, and magnetization and specific heat measurements. The low-temperature magnetization was investigated by indirect measurement employing pre-calibrated Hall probes. The obtained low-temperature data are well comparable with previous reports and document a high quality of the prepared single crystal. Presented single crystal synthesis from an unreacted precursor is prospectively applicable to other rare-earth RE2Ti2O7 pyrochlores.
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