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Geo-Analyst , Vol.2, No.2., ISSN 2249-2909
2012
84
SPATIAL ANALYSIS OF HUMAN RESOURCE DEVELOPMENT IN THE
NASHIK DISTRICT, MAHARASHTRA
Pagar Sanjay Dagu* and Dr. Suryawanshi D.S. **
ABSTRACT
Human Resource Development means nothing but a development of mental and physical
quality of individual. This quality of individual brings region to way of development.
Human resource development is considered as the basic factor in the process of national
development. Therefore, the study of human resource is very important in planning
process. In India, at local and regional level, human resource development is not uniformly
distributed. There is a large variation in spatial level of human resource development.
Therefore, for framing planning and strategy of any region, it is very important to find out
problem region. Once we identify the problem region, it gives to clue for planner to adopt
proper remedial measures for correcting imbalances in development. The aim of the paper
is to know the spatial level of human resource development in the Nashik district of
Maharashtra. The present study is based on the secondary data, which are obtained from
the Socio-Economic Abstract and District Handbook of Nashik district. The Kendall’s
ranking co-efficient index method is used for the present work. The levels of Human
Resources development have been determined on the basic of seventeen indictors. The
level of human resource development is not uniform in the study region. The level of
human resource development is high in urbanized tahsils (Nashik and Malegaon) which
promotes human resource development. In other hand level of human resource
development is low in rugged topographical region and dry eastern part of the study
region, where physical environment is not suitable.
KEY WORDS: Human Resource development, Problem region, Health facilities, Co-
efficient Index.
INTRODUCTION
The study of human resources is vital from the point of view of economic welfare (Datt &
Sundharam, 2010). Human resource development is considered as the basic factor in the
process of national development (Sandanshiv, 2009). Therefore the study of human
resource is very important in planning process. In India human resource development is
not found uniformly distributed (Bhole, 2010). Human resource is the most precious of all
resources (Roy, 1997).There is a large variation in development of human resources at
local and regional level, which creates imbalance in the overall development. Therefore,
for framing the plans for reducing such regional disparities in development, it is important
to identify the problem region. Once we identify the problem region, it will give to clue for
planner to adopt proper remedial measures for correcting imbalances in development. For
this purpose to identify the problem region, the measurement of human resources
development is very important. But it is not very easy task as it depends upon various
indicators like education, health, communication facilities and different demographic
aspects of the region, which are related with human resource development. In Nashik
district also, human resource development is not uniformly distributed. It takes place in
varied way due to variation in physical, socio-economic conditions and demographic
attributes. A region which has favourable above mentioned factors, shows greater
development on economic and human index while other regions stands backward in this
regards.
*Pagar Sanjay Dagu, Assistant Professor, Dept.of Geography, Arts, Science & Commerce
College, Ozar Mig, Dist. Nashik, Maharashtra.Email:sdpagar000@gmail.com
**Dr.D.S.Suryawanshi, Associate Professor, Dept.of Geography, VWS College of Arts,
Commerce & Science, Dhule, Maharashtra. Email: dssvws@rediffmail.com
Geo-Analyst , Vol.2, No.2., ISSN 2249-2909
2012
85
OBJECTIVES
The main objectives of the present paper are as fallows.
• To appraise the human resource development in term of quality and quantity.
• To determine the spatial pattern of human resources development in the study
region.
• To find out the problems regarding human resource development in the study
region.
• To suggest the remedial suggestions for the balanced regional development in the
study region.
STUDY AREA
Nashik district is situated partly in the Tapi basin and in partly upper Godavari basin. It
lies between 19° 45΄ to 20° 45΄North latitude and 73° 30΄ to 74° 45΄ East Longitude. It has
an area of 15530 sq.k.m and population of 49, 93,796 as per the 2001 census. Location of
the study area is showed in Fig. no.1.There are 15 talukas included in the Nashik District.
Fig.No.1
Source: Drawn by authors
The main system of hills is the sahyadries, which runs north- south in the western portion
of the district. From the main Sahyadrian range, three prominent spurs stretch out to the
east. In the extreme north is selbari range, which approximately forms and boundary
between Nashik and Dhule district. Next is the Satmalarange which runs right across
district. Kalsubai range is located in the south part of the district (Gazetteer of the Bombay
presidency, 1883). The district has two main rivers namely the Girna and the Godavari.
The district is surrounded by Dhule district in the north, Jalgaon and Aurangabad districts
in the east, Ahemadnager district in the south, and Thane district in the south- west and
Gujarat state in the north- west. There are four kinds of soils in the Nashik District, Black
(Kali), Red (Lal), Red and Black (Koral) and Light Brown (Barad). Rice, Sugarcane,
Onions, Grapes, Jowar, Bajra and Vegetables are the dominant crops of this region. The
climate of the district is generally dry except during the monsoon season. The average
annual rainfall of the district as a whole is 1034.5mm. The rainfall in general decreases
Geo-Analyst , Vol.2, No.2., ISSN 2249-2909
2012
86
from west to east. The summer season is moderately hot and the temperature varies from
36° C to 43° C. The air is humid during the monsoon season and is generally dry during
the rest of the year.
DATA BASE AND METHODOLOGY
The present study is based on the secondary source of data. Secondary data has been
obtained from socio-economic abstract of the Nashik district (2007-08), District census
handbook & District Gazetteers. The Tahsil has been taken as a unit for analysis for the
level of agricultural development in the study region .Statistical tools like percentage and
average have been used in the study. Data is processed and represented with the
Choropleth map. The Kendall’s ranking co-efficient index method is used for the present
work. The levels of Human Resources development have been determined on the basic of
seventeen indictors. Out of these seventeen indictors, four are related with education,
seven are related with health, four are related with population and two are related with
communication facilities. They are as follow.
1) X1=Total Population.
2) X2= Population Density.
3) X3=Total Literacy.
4) X4= Sex Ratio (Females per 1000 males).
5) X5=Urban Population
6) X6=. Numbers of Hospitals
7) X7= Numbers of Dispensaries.
8) X8= Numbers of Doctors.
9) X9=Numbers of Nurses.
10) X10= Primary Health Centers.
11) X11=Numbers of Sub-centers.
12) X12=Numbers of Beds.
13) X13= Numbers of Post Offices.
14) X14=Primary Schools.
15) X15= Numbers of Colleges
16) X16=Total Students (Up to 12th class).
17) X17= Individual Telephone
By using data, the Co-efficient Index has been calculated for each tahsil of the Nashik
district with help Kendall’s co-efficient Index method. For the calculation of co-efficient
Index, following formula has been used.
∑R
Kendall’s Co-efficient Index = -------
N
Where ∑R= Sum of rank, N=Numbers of variables.
The co-efficient index is inversely related to development i.e. lower the index, more the
development and higher the index, lower the development.
RESULT AND DISCUSSION
Level of Human Resources development To find out the level of human resource
development in the Nashik district, seventeen indicators are selected. These all indicators
are shown in the Table1. It includes socio-economic indicators like total population,
population density, literacy rate, sex-ratio, urban population and other indicators that are
related with health, education and communication. By using the Kendall’s co-efficient
index method, the co-efficient index is calculated for each tahsil of the study region, which
is shown in the Table 2.On the basis of co-efficient index, tahsils of the study region are
classified into four grouped. These all groups and tahsils are shown in Table 3 and figure
2.
Geo-Analyst , Vol.2, No.2., ISSN 2249-2909
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TABLE 1, NASHIK DISTRICT: SPATIAL DISTRIBUTION OF HUMAN RESOURCES
DEVELOPMENT
Name of
Tahsil
X1
X2
X3
X4
X5
X6
X7
X8
X9
Surgana 145135 172 53.9 988 4.24 2 10 21 73
Kalwan 165609 193 57.85 974 0 4 9 35 90
Deola 129988 225 73.76 930 0 7 5 20 143
Satana 311395 211 69.45 947 10.46 11 14 31 101
Malegaon 789230 432 76.06 946 57.78 22 14 81 256
Nandgaon 236319 217 84.67 935 40.45 5 7 16 66
Chandwad 205189 214 84.32 936 0 5 6 19 39
Dindori 264727 197 81.96 951 0 9 12 24 67
Peth 96774 173 56.9 992 0 2 8 29 59
Trambak 136417 154 83.62 976 7.42 17 8 33 179
Nashik 1317367 1625 52.54 876 87.75 51 36 596 1636
Igatpuri 228208 270 62.7 947 22.88 9 10 21 54
Sinnar 292075 216 73.62 930 10.85 11 7 19 47
Niphad 439842 417 76.96 932 13.54 7 11 27 65
Yeola 235521 221 72.51 938 18.44 7 6 16 39
Source: Socio-Economic Abstract of Nashik District-2007-08
Name of
Tahsil
X10
X11
X12
X13
X14
X15
X16
X17
Surgana 8 38 78 28 317 1 34232 443
Kalwan 7 49 142 28 195 2 43384 3466
Deola 5 25 60 19 102 1 30278 2727
Satana 11 53 96 47 243 4 66624 9298
Malegaon 18 49 234 101 333 7 92546 19060
Nandgaon 5 20 80 26 179 2 47397 8639
Chandwad 5 27 80 52 168 6 55690 2277
Dindori 10 66 90 71 229 4 62066 5761
Peth 7 29 72 24 170 1 38100 591
Trambak 6 35 96 35 219 2 30739 1743
Nashik 27 92 2606 79 393 11 452299 98500
Igatpuri 8 49 78 34 214 1 51733 3343
Sinnar 6 34 104 54 181 1 65306 8329
Niphad 9 53 84 56 229 7 52959 17908
Yeola 4 22 60 34 204 11 58995 4156
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TABLE 2, NASHIK DISTRICT: RANKING CO-EFFICIENT INDEX
Name of
Tahsil X1 X2 X3 X4 X5 X6 X7 X8 X9
Surgana 12 14 14 2 10 14.5 6.5 9.5 7
Kalwan 11 12 12 4 - 13 8 3 6
Deola 14 5 7 13.5 - 9 15 11 4
Satana 4 10 10 6.5 10 4.5 2.5 5 5
Malegaon 2 2 6 8 2 2 2.5 2 2
Nandgaon 7 7 1 11 3 11.5 11.5 14.5 9
Chandwad 10 9 2 10 - 11.5 13.5 12.5 15
Dindori 6 11 4 5 - 6.5 4 8 8
Peth 15 13 13 1 - 14.5 9.5 6 11
Trambak 13 15 3 3 9 3 9.5 4 3
Nashik 1 1 15 15 1 1 1 1 1
Igatpuri 9 4 11 6.5 4 6.5 6.5 9.5 12
Sinnar 5 8 8 13.5 7 4.5 11.5 12.5 13
Niphad 3 3 5 12 6 9 5 7 10
Yeola 8 6 9 9 5 9 13.5 14.5 15
Source: Compiled by Researcher, 2012.
Name of
Tahsil X10 X11 X12 X13 X14 X15 X16 X17 ∑R
Co-efficient
Index
Surgana 6.5 8 11.5 11.5 3 13 13 15 171 10.06
Kalwan 8.5 6 3 11.5 10 9 11 9 137 8.06
Deola 13 13 14.5 15 15 13 15 12 188.5 11.09
Satana 3 3.5 5.5 7 4 6.5 3 4 94.46 5.56
Malegaon 2 6 2 1 2 3.5 2 2 49 2.88
Nandgaon 13 15 9.5 13 12 9 10 5 162 9.53
Chandwad 13 12 9.5 6 14 5 7 12 161 9.47
Dindori 4 2 7 3 5.5 6.5 5 7 92.5 5.44
Peth 8.5 11 13 14 13 13 12 14 181.5 10.68
Trambak 10.5 9 5.5 8 7 9 14 13 138.5 8.15
Nashik 1 1 1 2 1 1.5 1 1 46.5 2.74
Igatpuri 6.5 6 11.5 9.5 8 13 9 10 142.5 8.38
Sinnar 10.5 10 4 5 11 13 4 6 146.5 8.62
Niphad 5 3.5 8 4 5.5 3.5 8 3 100.5 5.91
Yeola 15 14 14.5 9.5 9 1.5 6 8 166 9.76
Geo-Analyst , Vol.2, No.2., ISSN 2249-2909
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High Developed Region A region having ranking co-efficient index less than 3 is
considered as high developed human resource region. In this class, Nashik and Malegaon
tahsils are included. In this region, out of seventeen, fifteen indicators are dominated.
Nashik tahsil is district headquarter and has two industrial (Satpur and Ambad) centers,
where communicational facilities are well developed. Malegaon tahsil is also well
developed in this regards, where small scale industries are developed. This region is an
educationally advanced, so literacy is high as well as because of the municipal corporation;
medical facilities are well developed in urban region.
TABLE 3, NASHIK DISTRICT: LEVEL OF HUMAN RESOURCES DEVELOPM ENT
Source: Compiled by Researcher, 2012.
Medium Developed Region: A region having co-efficient index from 3 to 6 is included in
this category. There are three tahsils, which have such index in the study region. They are
Satana, Dindori and Niphad. This is a region where small scale industries and agro-based
industries are well developed along with educational and health facilities. This helps to
develop human resources in the region.
Fig. 2
Co-
efficient
Index
Level of Human
Resources Development
Names of Tahsils
0-3 High Nashik and Malegaon
3-6 Medium Niphad,Dindori and Satana
6-9 Low Kalwan, Sinnar ,Trimbak and Igatpuri
Above 9 Very Low Peth, Surgana, Deola, Yeola, Nandgaon and
Chandwad
Geo-Analyst , Vol.2, No.2., ISSN 2249-2909
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Low Developed Region
A region having a co-efficient index from 6 to 9 is considered as a low developed region.
In this region, Kalwan, Igatpuri, Trimbak and Sinnar tahsils are included. Igatpuri,
Trimbak and some parts of Kalwan are located on the eastern part of western ghat because
of undulating topography and inaccessible areas, health and educational facilities are not
properly developed. In Sinnar tahsil, most part of the tahsil is dry, which is not suitable for
human resource development. This region is considered as a problem region of the study
region, which requires special attention in future human resource planning in the study
region.
Very Low Developed Region
These regions have a co-efficient index more than 9 and are considered as problem
regions. In this region six tahsils are included. These are Surgana, Peth, Nandgaon,
Chandwad, Deola and Yeola. In this region, very low human resources are developed due
to two main reasons. First is that, the parts of Peth and Surgana have rugged topography,
which is not suitable for human resource development. Educational, health and
communicational facilities are also not well developed in this region. Second is that,
eastern part of the district is rain shadow area, where agricultural and industrial
developments are not well developed.
CONCLUSION
The level of human resource development is not uniform in the study region. The level of
human resource development is high in urbanized tahsils (Nashik and Malegaon) which
promotes human resource development. In other hand, level of human resource
development is low in rugged topographical region and dry eastern part of the study
region, where physical environment is not suitable for human resource development. It has
been observed that urban areas are better looked in terms of education, health and
communicational facilities.
SUGGESTIONS
There is an urgent need to extend health, educational and communicational facilities to
enhance the quality of people where human resources development is less developed in the
study region. Nashik tahsil has achieved good progress in human resource development
but sex ratio and literacy rate are still low as compared to other tahsils of the study region.
Therefore, there is a need to consider this point in future planning, which requires special
attention of planner for framing plans. There is a need to increase more infrastructural
facilities in remote and problem regions, which can help to reduce the regional disparities.
Numbers of school should be increased in the problems regions which will help to increase
the literacy in the region. In problem regions, some agro-based and small scale industries
should be started, which may be helpful in future development of health, communication
and educational facilities.
REFERENCES
Bhole A.S., Bhangale, Bhole R.V.(2010). Spatial development of human resources in
Maharashtra State India. Shod, Samiksha Aur Mulyakan Vol.2. Issue-13. Pp. 47-50.
Gazetteer of the Bombay presidency (1883) Nashik district Volume No.19,Pp 1-15.
Datt and Sundharam (2010) . Indian Economy. New Delhi. S. Chand and Company Ltd.
Pp. 41-65.
Roy, P (1997) Economic Geography: A study of resources . Calcutta. New central book
agency Pp. 23-26.
Sandanshiv L.P,Chaudhari S.R.,Sadhanshiv B.A (2009) .Regional disparities in western
Satpuda region of India. Shod, Samiksha Aur Mulyakan. Vol.2. Issue 6. Pp. 47-50.
