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Interference impacts on 60 GHz real-time online video streaming in wireless smart tv platforms
Multimedia Tools and Applications
Abstract
In this paper we provide a method for computing and estimating the impact of interference on real-time online 1080p@30Hz and 1080p@60Hz high-definition video streaming in 60 GHz wireless smart TV platforms. The analysis involves two different interference scenarios: 1) downlink interference from deployed 60 GHz access points to the associated mobile ad-hoc devices, and 2) uplink interference from randomly deployed 60 GHz ad-hoc mobile devices to their associated access points. With these interference scenarios, the interference impact on the quality of main 1080p@30Hz and 1080p@60Hz wireless high-definition video streaming with various simulation settings are measured and estimated in terms of signal-to-interference-plus-noise ratio.
... The MGs are supposed to be served sequentially from the M2M GW at the center of the room. To support 1080p HD video streaming, we use 1.65 Gbps data rate and a 29.63 μs transmission interval since it requires more than 1.485 Gbps data rate and less than 29.64 μs transmission interval [28]. Considering an HD video streaming application for three MGs, we configure packet of different sizes for each MG, which represents the chunk of data for different video streaming content [29][30][31][32]. ...
... The MGs are supposed to be served sequentially from the M2M GW at the center of the room. To support 1080p HD video streaming, we use 1.65 Gbps data rate and a 29.63 µs transmission interval since it requires more than 1.485 Gbps data rate and less than 29.64 µs transmission interval [28]. Considering an HD video streaming application for three MGs, we configure packet of different sizes for each MG, which represents the chunk of data for different video streaming content [29][30][31][32]. ...
The huge demand for high data rate machine-to-machine (M2M) services has led to the use of millimeter Wave (mmWave) band communications with support for a multi-Gbps data rate through the use of directional antennas. However, unnecessary sector switching in multicast transmissions with directional antennas results in a long delay, and consequently a low throughput. We propose asymmetric directional multicast (ADM) for capillary M2M to address this problem in mmWave communications. ADM provides asymmetric sectorization that is optimized for the irregular deployment pattern of mulicast group members. In ADM, an M2M gateway builds up asymmetric sectors with a beamwidth of a different size to cover all multicast group members with the minimum number of directional transmissions. The performance of ADM under various simulation environments is evaluated through a comparison with legacy mmWave multicast. The results of the simulation indicate that ADM achieves a better performance in terms of the transmission sectors, the transmission time, and the aggregate throughput when compared with the legacy multicast method.
This paper proposes feasible and satisfactory system design parameters to mitigate the impact of interference on real-time high-definition video streaming in infrastructure-to-vehicle (I2V) telematic platforms utilizing 60-GHz radiation and the corresponding IEEE 802.11ad baseband. The analysis captures the impact of interference on the 60-GHz I2V vehicle (IV), which is caused by multiple interference sources through the 60-GHz wireless transmissions from nearby I2V base stations (IBSs) to their associated IVs. The impact of the interference on the quality of main 1080p at 30-frame/s (30 1080p frames/s) and 1080p at 60-frame/s (60 1080p frames/s) streaming is analyzed and estimated for various simulation settings.
This paper reports the system-level study of high-speed wireless system at 60 GHz for uncompressed HD video communications. The study is addressed to explore the implementation of 60-GHz transceivers in nano-scale CMOS technology. A model of the high data rate physical layer based on the specification released by the consortium WirelessHD® has been implemented in MATLAB® and the system simulations of the bit error rate have been carried out in order to derive the specifications of the building blocks of the 60-GHz transceiver. Finally, these specifications have been derived by taking into account the capabilities of the 65 nm standard CMOS technology.
IEEE 802.11ad will take advantage of the large swath of available spectrum in the 60 GHz band to develop a protocol to enable throughput intensive applications such as wireless display and high speed sync-and-go file transfer. Functional requirements, evaluation methodology, and channel models are currently being developed by the task group in preparation for a call for proposals. Likely enhancements to 802.11 beyond a new 60 GHz PHY include Personal Basic Service Set, MAC modifications for directional antennas, fast session transfer between PHYs, beamforming, and spatial reuse. Therefore in this paper we give an overview of IEEE 802.11ad, which is poised to define the next generation multi-Gbps Wi-Fi.
In this paper we introduce a cooperative environment between the interactive digital TV (IDTV) and the networked home with the aim of allowing the interaction between interactive TV applications and the controllers of the in-home appliances in a natural way. Concretely, we have selected the MHP (multimedia home platform) standard, well-known in the IDTV field, and OSGi (open service gateway initiative), the most widely used open platform to set up residential gateways. To overcome the radically different conceptions below these two specifications we define a new kind of application, coined as XbundLET, which acts as a bridge between both worlds allowing MHP applications to use the OSGi services and vice versa, i.e., allowing OSGi applications to take advantage of the MHP functionality. As a further step towards integrated residential gateways, we also propose a semantic description for OSGi services at the smart home that facilitates services discovery and invocation from broadcast MHP applications.
The multi-Gbps throughput potential of 60 GHz wireless interfaces make them an attractive technology for next-generation gigabit WLANs. For increased coverage, and improved resilience to human-body blockage, beamsteering with high-gain directional antennas is emerging to be an integral part of 60 GHz radios. However, the real-world performance of these state-of-the-art radios in typical indoor environments has not previously been explored well in open literature.
To this end, in this paper, we address the following open questions: how do these radios perform in indoor line-of-sight(LOS) and non-line-of-sight (NLOS) locations? how sensitive is performance to factors such as node orientation or placement? how robust is performance to human-body blockage and mobility? Our measurement results from a real office setting, using a first-of-its-kind experimental platform (called Presto), show that, contrary to conventional perception, state-of-the-art 60 GHz radios perform well even in NLOS locations, in the presence of human-body blockage and LOS mobility. While their performance is affected by node (or more precisely, antenna array) orientation, simply using a few more antenna arrays and dynamically selecting amongst them shows potential to address this issue. The implications of these observations is in lowering the barriers to their adoption in next-generation gigabit WLANs.
In this paper, we propose a polynomial-time framework for fast and low-power link setup between two 60 GHz IEEE 802.15.3c wireless sensor devices. Due to the narrow beamwidth of 60 GHz radio beams, the beam training procedure needs to evaluate a lot of search spaces. Thus, the running time to establish an IEEE 802.15.3c radio link is relatively longer than the running time of other schemes. In addition, evaluating a large search space requires a lot of training packets transmission, which increases the communication power consumption. Therefore, our proposed framework reduces the number of training packet transmission (i.e., the number of search space evaluation) using multi-resolution beam training for fast and low-power link setup.
This paper presents a new design and implementation method of distributed translator (DTxR), termed the equalization DTxR (EDTxR), for distributed translator network in ATSC systems. EDTxR has a simple structure and does not require any devices to be added to studio or transmitter facilities already deployed. EDTxRs which retransmit the same transmitter signal can have identical output symbol streams among them without additional synchronization information by utilizing the structure of the equalization digital on-channel repeater (EDOCR). Moreover, they can synchronize output frequency among them without global positioning system (GPS) clock receivers by adopting a crystal oscillator for each translator and compensating the frequency offset of the each crystal oscillator through the carrier and timing recovery. To verify the proposed method, multiple EDTxRs are implemented and tested in the laboratory and in the field. Through the tests, it is confirmed that EDTxR is a simple and economic distributed translator for distributed transmission system which does not need additional synchronization devices. Therefore, EDTxR can be a promising translator for coverage extension of digital terrestrial television broadcasting under spectrum deficient situations.
A novel method is proposed to improve the voice recognition performance by suppressing acoustic interferences that add nonlinear distortion to a target recording signal when received by the recognition device. The proposed method is expected to provide the best performance in smart TV environments, where a remote control collects command speech by the internal microphone and performs automatic voice recognition, and the secondary microphone equipped in a TV set provides the reference signal for the background noise source. Due to the transmission channel, the original interference is corrupted nonlinearly, and the conventional speech enhancement techniques such as beamforming and blind signal separation are not applicable. The proposed method first equalizes the interference in the two microphones by maximizing the instantaneous correlation between the nonlinearly related target recording and reference signal, and suppresses the equalized interference. To obtain an optimal estimation of the equalization filter, a method for detecting instantaneous activity of interference is also proposed. The validity of the proposed method is proved by the improvement in automatic voice recognition performance in a simulated TV room where loud TV sounds or babbling speech interfere in a user's commanding speech.
Mobile devices have steadily gained acceptance as a multimedia platform, not only that, one of the most valuable pieces of contextual information for an intelligent mobile application is the user’s location. The university campus is an interesting application environment for location-based and context-aware mobile services: wherever the students are, they are eager to announce to others and want to know what happens in the university campus, even alumni always care about the latest in his or her campus. The Campus View, what is described in this article, is a smart-phone based context and location-aware video sharing mobile application implemented on Android 2.1. It first gives a full panorama to one Chinese university campus, which will provide a campus overview and variations to alumni and potential students. Different from Street-view of Google which was only created once and demands not to drive anywhere more than once, our campus panorama is timely updated by our DIYed Street-view camera. What’s more, the application users inside the campus can use it to recode the latest happenstance and then upload the video short with Geo-information to the server. The recoded video short will be further shared as a H. 264 stream attached to a specific panorama. This paper presents the development framework of Campus View application and an evaluation of key framework components to assess their consumption of mobile device’s resources.
Recently, broadcast/multicast over cellular networks has been actively discussed over commercial wireless mobile terminals. Compared to conventional terrestrial or satellite broadcasting systems, the quality-of-service (QoS) for edge users is an important issue due to inter-cell interference over multi-cell environments. In this paper, we introduce a dynamic bandwidth and carrier allocation (DBCA) technique by fully utilizing different visual importance of each layer in multi-layer video for broadcast/multicast services when the number of users is limited over macro/micro/femto cell environments. To ensure an acceptable video quality for edge users, the bandwidth and the loading ratio are dynamically controlled to enhance the utility through the radio resource control in accordance with the visual importance. The simulation results show that DBCA exhibits much better QoS by sending visually more important data with high priority in the cell border region.
This demo presentation shows the usefulness of a multi-Gbps wireless video and audio network for video streaming in conference room applications. In this demo, two notebooks share one display (e.g., Projector) using wireless uncompressed video links. The video quality, switching delay, and how easy to swap the video stream sources (notebooks) will be key features in the application like this.
The viewing set-based method has difficulties ensuring that a user will enjoy recommended programs, and the model-based collaborative filtering method contains system-side real-time recommendation problems because most recent ratings cannot be applied in the recommendations and it has increased calculating costs due to the training process. In this paper, we propose a personalized program recommender for smart TVs using memory-based collaborative filtering with a novel similarity method that is robust to cold-start conditions and faster than the often-used, existing similarity method. The proposed method can improve the recommendation performance of electronic program guides and recommender applications for smart TVs. We determined the prediction accuracy of the ratings under various conditions in order to evaluate the proposed method. As a result, we confirmed that the proposed method is effective for cold-start conditions 1 .
Due to the recent explosive growth of smart TV and its applications, the need for multimedia contents analysis techniques for smart TV environment has dramatically increased. In particular, automatic video annotation and summarization technique is considered as one of the most important technique for smart TV because an enormous number of social videos are now becoming available as well as traditional digital videos such as TV programs and VODs. In this paper, we present an automatic video annotation technique which employs the ontologies to facilitate the video retrieval and sharing process in smart TV environment. In our work, ontologies are exploited to hierarchically describe the contents of video and facilitate the sharing of video contents among heterogeneous users or devices (e.g., smart phone, PDA, and so on). Through various experimental results, we show the effectiveness of the proposed approach1.
Wireless streaming of high-definition video is a promising application for 60
GHz links, since multi-Gigabit/s data rates are possible. In particular we
consider a sports stadium broadcasting system where video signals from multiple
cameras are transmitted to a central location. Due to the high pathloss of
60\,GHz radiation over the large distances encountered in this setting, the use
of relays is required. This paper designs a quality-aware coding and relaying
algorithm for maximization of the overall video quality. We consider the
setting that the source can split its data stream into parallel streams, which
can be transmitted via different relays to the destination. For this, we derive
the related formulation and re-formulate it as convex programming, which can
guarantee optimal solutions.
Transmission of high-definition (HD) video is a promising application for 60
GHz wireless links, since very high transmission rates (up to several Gbit/s)
are possible. In particular we consider a sports stadium broadcasting system
where signals from multiple cameras are transmitted to a central location. Due
to the high pathloss of 60 GHz radiation over the large distances encountered
in this scenario, the use of relays might be required. The current paper
analyzes the joint selection of the routes (relays) and the compression rates
from the various sources for maximization of the overall video quality. We
consider three different scenarios: (i) each source transmits only to one relay
and the relay can receive only one data stream, and (ii) each source can
transmit only to a single relay, but relays can aggregate streams from
different sources and forward to the destination, and (iii) the source can
split its data stream into parallel streams, which can be transmitted via
different relays to the destination. For each scenario, we derive the
mathematical formulations of the optimization problem and re-formulate them as
convex mixed-integer programming, which can guarantee optimal solutions.
Extensive simulations demonstrate that high-quality transmission is possible
for at least ten cameras over distances of 300 m. Furthermore, optimization of
the video quality gives results that can significantly outperform algorithms
that maximize data rates.
This paper addresses optimal beacon fragmentation schemes for high-performance MAC in 60 GHz millimeter wave (mmWave) networks. The proposed optimal beacon scheme can be classified into two methods, i.e., differentiated and fragmentized beaconing. Differentiated and fragmentized beaconing schemes are for directional and omni-directional data transmission. By the result of performance evaluation, the novelty of the proposed schemes is verified.
In this paper we propose an efficient cooperation scheme to increase transmission throughput in a 60 GHz 3D HD (high definition) video transmission system. A 3D HD video transmission system usually requires high transmission throughput with low power consumption. The proposed cooperation scheme achieves high transmission speed by reducing the data size using a relay and low transmission power by using path diversity. The efficiency of the scheme is demonstrated both analytically and by Monte-Carlo simulations in environments varying the number of relays. The proposed scheme has increased costs in terms of computational complexity at the relay and the destination.
This paper provides concept of data transmission protocol for millimeter wave (mmWave) wireless systems operating in Non-Line-of-Sight environment. This concept is designed to provide an effective and practical functioning of Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) transmission mode that exploits combination of Singular Value Decomposition (SVD) of channel matrix and non-adaptive beamforming. The proposed protocol reduces complexity of implementation of the beamformed MIMO system with SVD by transmitting the special signals, called by MIMO postambles. Using these MIMO postambles allows stations to obtain the channel state information and operate in SVD mode without any feedback and simplifies MIMO system architecture significantly.
When multiple video streams share a wireless network, careful rate allocation is needed to prevent congestion, as well as to balance the video qualities among the competing streams. In this paper, we present a unified optimization framework for video rate allocation over wireless networks. Our framework applies to both unicast and multicast sessions, and accommodates both scalable and non-scalable streams. The optimization objective is to minimize the total distortion of all video streams without incurring excessive network utilization. Our system model explicitly accounts for heterogeneity in wireless link capacities, traffic contention among neighboring links, as well as different video rate-distortion (RD) characteristics. The proposed distributed media-aware rate allocation scheme leverages cross-layer information exchange between the MAC and application layers to achieve fast convergence at the optimal allocation.We evaluate performance of the proposed scheme for streaming of high-definition (HD) and standard-definition (SD) video sequences over 802.11-based wireless networks, both in unicast and multicast scenarios. The scheme consistently outperforms conventional TCP-Friendly Rate Control (TFRC) in terms of overall video quality, and achieves more balanced qualities among the streams.
Wireless Mesh Networks form a wireless backbone that provides ubiquitous Internet access and support of multimedia services. In this scenario, traffic crosses multi-hop paths, through mesh routers and gateways, causing high levels of interference. To address this problem, the use of schemes that introduce routing metrics that take into account the characteristics of the interference have been made to improve the application performance. Given the diversity of interference-aware routing metrics for Wireless Mesh Networks, it is necessary to assess the impact of employing these routing metrics on multimedia traffic performance, and in particular, on video streaming. This paper seeks to fill this gap, by using simulation to evaluate the video streaming performance when the most relevant interference-aware routing metrics are used. The degree of video quality can be evaluated from two perspectives, the network viewpoint and the standpoint of the user perception. At the network level, video streaming quality is assessed through IP measures, that is, throughput, delay, jitter and routing overhead. At the user level, ‘Quality of Experience’ metrics are employed to measure the user perception with regard to the video quality. The evaluation of the performance takes account of outdoor and indoor environments. The results of the simulation study have shown that routing metrics based on the information that detects interference using accurate measures achieve a better network and user perception performance. However, depending on the environment (i.e., whether it is indoor or outdoor), all the routing metrics result in a different performance being achieved. Although interference-aware routing metrics affect the performance of both the network and the user levels, there are some cases where they have less impact on the user level, because the user perception parameters are less influenced by the behaviour of the network.
We developed a new device-free user interface for TV viewing that uses a human gesture recognition technique. Although many motion recognition technologies have been reported, no man-machine interface that recognizes a large enough variety of gestures has been developed. The difficulty was the lack of spatial information that could be acquired from normal video sequences. We overcame the difficulty by using a time-of-flight camera and novel action recognition techniques. The main functions of this system are gesture recognition and posture measurement. The former is performed using the bag-of-features approach, which uses key-point trajectories as features. The use of 4-D spatiotemporal trajectory features is the main technical contribution of the proposed system. The latter is obtained through face detection and object tracking technology. The interface is useful because it does not require any contact-type devices. Several experiments proved the effectiveness of our proposed method and the usefulness of the system.
This paper proposes a joint optimization framework for minimizing high-definition (HD) video coding rates and selecting optimal relay nodes in 60 GHz millimeter-wave (mmWave) IEEE 802.11ad very high throughput (VHT) wireless systems. While IEEE 802.11ad VHT aims to support uncompressed HD video wireless transmission, its major limitation is the extremely high attenuation even in line-of-sight situations, which leads to a short admissible distance between transmitter and receivers and/or the necessity to compress video. To deal with this problem, the IEEE 802.11ad VHT draft standard defines efficient relaying protocols to extend the network coverage. When multiple source-destination pairs and multiple relays are present, a key question is which relay should help in the forwarding of which source flow. This selection should be done in such a way that the average video quality of the streams, which is related to the throughput in a nonlinear way, is maximized. We solve this problem by an integer programming framework that selects optimal relay nodes, their cooperation modes (i.e., amplify-and-forward, decode-and-forward, or non-cooperation), and the video coding (compression) rates which can maximize transmission quality.
Wireless transmission of uncompressed lossless HD video provides higher image quality with lower latency and cost than compressed-content transmission. however, it requires data rates of about 4 Gbps for 1080p resolution, exceeding the capabilities of existing wireless technologies. using the 60-GHZ band as detailed by the wirelessHD specification, SlBeam's chipset makes such data rates economically achievable.
Reference radiation patterns of omnidirectional, sectoral and other antennas in point-to-multipoint systems for use in sharing studies in the frequency range from 1 GHz to about 70 GHz
- Itu-R
Path loss model development for TGad channel models
- A Maltsev
- E Perahia
- R Maslennikov
- A Lomayev
- A Khoryaev
- A Sevastyanov