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Analyse du mouvement marital à l'île de Flores (Azores, Portugal)
Abstract and Figures
L¿archipel des Açores (Portugal) est situé dans l¿Océan Atlantique à 1500 Km du Portugal continental. Il est formé par neuf îles d¿origine volcanique qui forment trois groupes: Oriental, Central et Occidental. L¿île de Flores, la plus occidentale et isolée de l¿archipel, présente des caractéristiques géographiques et démographiques uniques et elle est idéale pour réaliser des études génétiques et biodémographiques. Dans ce travail, on a analysé l¿information extraite de 6081 mariages, qui ont eu lieu dans quatre paroisses de Flores dans la période de 1675 à 1880, pour décrire le mouvement marital à Flores et analyser la structure génétique de l¿île en utilisant les noms de famille. Les résultats obtenus, relatifs aux analyses d¿origine des fiancés, à l¿endogamie / exogamie et de l¿immigration, semblent indiquer que l¿île de Flores a des régions, qui ont eu un haut niveau d¿endogamie et une basse immigration, et aussi des régions qui ont eu des valeurs d¿endogamie et immigration moyennes. Les résultats de la diversité, ainsi que ceux de la microdifférentiation, indiquent que les paroisses sont génétiquement homogènes. Mais l¿effet de l¿endogamie au long des générations, conjugué avec les dimensions limitées de la population, influence de manière diverse les fréquences génétiques de chaque paroisse.
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Located in the north-western extreme of the Iberian northern plateau with the Portugal border on the west, Zamora province
is one of the current divisions of the autonomous region of Castile-Leon (Spain). According to natural boundaries and historical
records, the province of Zamora can be subdivided into six different regions: Aliste, Benavente, Bajo Duero, Campos-Pan, Sanabria
and Sayago. The geography of the area is configured by two major rivers: the Duero that crosses the province in a west-east
direction and its affluent the Esla that crosses the province in a northwest-southeast course. In this work, we analyze both
surnames of 166,349 individuals from Zamora province. The main goal of this study is to explore the differential weight of
historical, demographic, geographic and sociocultural factors in shaping the bio-demographic and genetic structure of this
specific population. The highest value of total consanguinity based on random isonymy is observed in Sanabria, which also
has the lowest values of heteronymy and the highest intra-population a priori kinship. By contrast, Sayago exhibits the highest value of heteronymy and the lowest intra-population a priori kinship. The consanguinity values observed in Zamora are, in part, related to the population structure. Notwithstanding,
the values of non-random consanguinity observed in some municipalities could be associated with particular mating behaviors
that favor isonymic marriages. Finally, the results of analyses indicate that the levels of micro-differentiation in the province
cannot be considered high; however, some degree of substructure could be deduced. It appears that the current population structure
of Zamora has been determined not only by settlement history, geographic distance and geographic boundaries, but also, by
land system distribution and population size.
KeywordsIsonymy–Consanguinity–Microdifferentiation
The Ebro Delta is an area located in the south east of Catalonia (Spain), between Barcelona and Valencia. In the past it was sparsely populated owing to the environmental conditions (flooding, health risks etc.), and it has been permanently and extensively inhabited only since the canalisation of the area (19th c.). Endogamy, origins of spouses and inbreeding estimated by isonymy have been determined from the birth registers of the parish of Sant Miquel in the village of La Cava (Deltebre), located in the centre of the Ebro Delta. The study period was 1879 to 1925 and included the year of the official start of the massive colonisation of this side of the river in 1911. Endogamy has been found to be 81.4% for the spouses, 81.7 % for the parents of the husband and 84.8% for the parents of the wife. Inbreeding determined by isonymy was F = 0.011. These values are the highest when compared with other isolated Spanish and Portuguese populations.
This study examines the coefficient of inbreeding in the population of Rio de Onor (Portugal), for a period of 120 years.
Two distinct methods were used: the dispensations for consaguineous marriages and isonymy. The two methods produced different
results and these differences are explained, for the period after 1960, in terms of emigration.
Scitation is the online home of leading journals and conference proceedings from AIP Publishing and AIP Member Societies
Flores is one of the smallest and most westerly islands of the Atlantic archipelago of the Azores. This preliminary account of the population's demography and genetic structure uses dispensations to contract consanguineous marriages taken from the Roman Catholic marriage registers in order to estimate mean inbreeding rates in the population over the period 1860-1980. Comparisons are made with inbreeding rates on the Portuguese mainland and elsewhere in Western Europe, and reasons suggested to explain the rather high rates of inbreeding encountered on Flores.
Measures of genetic structure, such as inbreeding and kinship, may be derived from the analysis of surname distributions within and among populations. This paper considers the estimation of kinship and genetic distance from surnames. Two methods are provided for the estimation of kinship relative to a founding population (a priori kinship) and kinship relative to a contempory region (conditional kinship). In most studies of population structure the latter measure is more informative. Measures of genetic distance are derived from the different kinship estimates and are shown to all be proportional to one another. Methods are provided for estimation of the degree of microdifferentiation and isolation by distance parameters based on surnames. These methods are applied to data from 18 samples from 12 human populations.