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Una aplicación informática multivalente para estudios del estado nutricional de grupos de población. Valoración de la ingesta alimentaria
Abstract
El objetivo de este trabajo es la presentación y valida-ción de un programa informático, GRUNUMUR, que ha sido diseñado para estudios de evaluación nutricional en grandes colectivos de población, así como la descrip-ción de algunos de los resultados obtenidos tras su utili-zación. Este programa incluye los siguientes tipos de es-tudios: a) estudio dietético; b) estudio sobre hábitos alimentarios; c) estudio antropométrico, y d) estudio clí-nico. La principal ventaja que GRUNUMUR presenta es la de poder ser periódicamente actualizado sin conoci-mientos profundos de informática, además de estar abierto a la introducción de otras nuevas bases de da-tos. El programa informático GRUNUMUR no deja de ser uno más de los múltiples descritos en la bibliografía, pero una vez validado, tiene la particularidad de que ha sido desarrollado tras una larga experiencia en el campo de la nutrición y por un interés puramente científico, que ha dado como resultado una herramienta fiable que facilita este tipo de investigaciones en nutrición.
... Además del tipo de alimentos que deben de incluirse en un patrón dietético saludable, hay que tener en cuenta la distribución de la energía a lo largo del día, y especialmente el desayuno (12). El desayuno está considerado una de las ingestas alimentarias más importantes del día y se ha visto que está relacionado con un estilo de vida saludable (13), ya que el tipo y la cantidad de alimentos que se ingieren guarda relación con una peor elección de los alimentos a lo largo del día (14). ...
... A partir de las medidas antropométricas, se calcularon el Índice de Masa Corporal (IMC = peso [en kg]/talla en m 2 ) y el Índice Cintura-Cadera (ICC = perímetro de cintura (cm)/perímetro de cadera [cm]). Con los valores de IMC se estableció la siguiente clasificación: bajo peso (IMC ≤ 18,5), normopeso (IMC = 18, [5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13][14][15][16][17][18][19][20][21][22][23][24]9), sobrepeso (IMC = 25-29,9) y obesidad (IMC ≥ 30) (21). Los valores de PC que se usaron de referencia para medir el riesgo cardiovascular fueron 95 cm para hombres y 82 cm para mujeres (20). ...
Introducción y objetivos: la evolución que ha experimentado en los últimos años la sociedad española ha originado una serie de cambios sociológicos y/o culturales que afectan claramente a los hábitos y preferencias alimentarias. El objetivo del presente trabajo ha sido evaluar la adherencia a la dieta mediterránea (DM) de la población universitaria en la ciudad de Murcia y la calidad de su desayuno, estableciendo la relación existente entre estas dos variables entre sí, y otras variables sociológicas analizadas.Métodos: se evaluó la adherencia a la DM en una muestra de 312 estudiantes mediante el test KIDMED, cuestionario de 16 preguntas. La calidad del desayuno fue determinada en función de la ingesta de los distintos grupos de alimentos (lácteos, cereales y frutas), de forma que se establecieron las siguientes categorías de calidad: pésima, mala, regular y buena. De cada encuestado se registraron los datos personales, lugar de origen, zona geográfica y tipo de residencia, sexo, edad, titulación universitaria, curso y las variables antropométricas (peso, altura, perímetro de cintura y cadera).Resultados: la muestra estuvo formada por 238 mujeres y 74 hombres todos ellos estudiantes universitarios de distintos títulos de grado. El 7,85% de los universitarios mostró una baja adherencia a la DM, el 48,4% media y el 43,8% alta. Los estudiantes de grado en Educación Primaria mostraron una mayor adherencia media a la DM; los estudiantes de grado en Enfermería tomaron más de una ración de verdura al día; y los de Ciencia y Tecnología de los Alimentos consumían una pieza de fruta al día. Teniendo en cuenta el sexo de los participantes, el 37,8% de las mujeres tomaban más de una verdura diaria y el 91,5% desayunaba bollería industrial; mientras que el 54,1% de los hombres tomaban frutos secos (al menos 2 o 3 veces por semana) y el 74,5% desayunaba todos los días. El 1,15% de los estudiantes mostró una calidad del desayuno pésima, el 17,65% mala, el 60,65% regular y el 20,45% buena, coincidiendo la buena calidad con el consumo de fruta en esta comida. Además, se observó una asociación significativa entre el tiempo y la calidad del desayuno, ya que aquellos estudiantes que dedicaban más de diez minutos a desayunar tomaban un desayuno de buena calidad.Conclusión: en este estudio se ha visto que la calidad del desayuno está estrechamente relacionada con el grado de adherencia al patrón dietético mediterráneo.
... Lo que cabría saber de ellas si cumplen los requisitos para ser saludables, y si compaginan el número de ingestas con uno de macronutrientes adecuados. La tendencia en la actualidad es comer dulces en el recreo de media mañana, y a media tarde alimentos con alto contenido en calorías y azúcares (Pérez-Llamas et al., 2004). ...
Un alto porcentaje de los niños en etapa primaria de la educación española realizan como actividad extraescolar la práctica de uno o varios deportes para aumentar las horas semanales de actividad física. Esto unido a los hábitos alimentarios nos dan una imagen clara de cómo está cambiando la sociedad española en lo referente a salud infantil. El principal objetivo de este estudio es relacionar el Autoconcepto, los Hábitos Alimentarios, la Imagen Corporal y las horas semanales que dedican a realizar Actividad Física en niños y niñas que ya realizan fútbol como actividad extraescolar. Los participantes de este estudio han sido 124 escolares entre 8 a 13 años del Principado de Asturias. Se aplicaron los instrumentos Escala de autoconcepto físico para jóvenes (C-PSQ), una parte de Multidimensional Body Self Relations Questionnaire (MBSRQ), Test de Evaluación de Preferencias, Intenciones de Conducta y Consumos Alimentarios (TEPICA) y Siluetas de Collins. Se han realizado estadísticos Descriptivos, Pruebas t de Student para muestras relacionadas e independientes, Análisis de Varianza y Correlación de Pearson. Los resultados mostraron que quién tiene conocimientos adecuados sobre hábitos alimentarios se correlaciona positivamente con el nivel de autoconcepto, que las horas de práctica deportiva se correlacionan positivamente con la competencia percibida y la autoconfianza, y que, aunque manifiestan estar satisfechos con las diferentes partes del cuerpo, les gustaría estar más delgados que como se ven a sí mismos.
... Esto implica el manejo de mucha información de forma simultánea, y por lo tanto, la necesidad de introducir la informática dentro del campo de la nutrición, de esta manera se agiliza el trabajo de especialista 1 y se facilita la identificación o el posible desarrollo de enfermedades 12 , además de disminuir los errores de cálculo 11 . Con UNyDIET se ha conseguido realizar un enfoque integral de la nutrición, ya que la mayoría de los programas nutricionales desarrollados para realizar asesoramientos dietéticos se basan en la ingesta dietética, en las medidas antropométricas y en los resultados obtenidos de realizar diferentes análisis clínicos 5,9 , sin valorar otros aspectos como la probabilidad de padecer determinadas enfermedades metabólicas o la calidad de vida del paciente. La introducción de estos aspectos dentro de un programa nutricional ayuda al profesional de la salud a estimar los resultados obtenidos de realizar intervenciones nutricionales, en donde se valoren tanto aspectos preventivos o curativos como de mejora de la calidad de vida bien sea a nivel general como asociada a una patología 46 . ...
Background: The nutritional assessment of a patient needs the simultaneous managing a extensive information and a great number of databases, as both aspects of the process of nutrition and the clinical situation of the patient are analyzed. The introduction of computers in the nutritional area constitutes an extraordinary advance in the administration of nutrition information, providing a complete assessment of nutritional aspects in a quick and easy way.
Objective: To develop a computer program that can be used as a tool for assessing the nutritional status of the patient, the education of clinical staff, for epidemiological studies and for educational purposes.
Design: Based on a computer program which assists the health specialist to perform a full nutritional evaluation of the patient, through the registration and assessment of the phenotypic and genotypic features. The application provides nutritional prognosis based on anthropometric and biochemical parameters, images of states of malnutrition, questionnaires to characterize diseases, diagnostic criteria, identification of alleles associated with the development of specific metabolic illnesses and questionnaires of quality of life, for a custom actuation. The program includes, as part of the nutritional assessment of the patient, food intake analysis, design of diets and promotion of physical activity, introducing food frequency questionnaires,
dietary recalls, healthy eating indexes, model diets, fitness tests, and recommendations, recalls and questionnaires of physical activity.
Result: A computer program performed under Java Swing, using SQLite database and some external libraries such as JfreeChart for plotting graphs. This brand new designed software is composed of five blocks categorized into ten modules named: Patients, Anthropometry, Clinical History, Biochemistry, Dietary History, Diagnostic (with genetic make up), Quality of life, Physical activity, Energy expenditure and Diets. Each module has a specific function which evaluates a different aspect of the nutritional status of the patient.
Conclusions: UNyDIET is a global computer program, customized and upgradeable, easy to use and versatile,
aimed to health specialists, medical staff, dietitians, nutritionists,
scientists and educators. This tool can be used as a working instrument in programs promoting health,
nutritional and clinical assessments as well as in the evaluation of health care quality, in epidemiological studies, in nutrition intervention programs and teaching.
... El Grupo de Investigación en Nutrición de la Universidad de Murcia, hace ya algunos años, desarrolló una aplicación informática, GRUNUMUR, previamente validada y diseñada inicialmente para estudios de evaluación del estado nutricional 11 , la cuál ha demostrado ampliamente su valor y utilidad en numerosos trabajos de nutrición humana [12][13][14][15][16][17] . No obstante, y como cualquier otra herramienta informática, deberá ser actualizada de forma periódica, para poder dar respuesta a las necesidades específicas del investigador. ...
The aim of this paper is the description of a new version of the software application GRUNUMUR, a useful tool for human nutrition studies designed by the Nutrition Research Group from the Murcia University. Similar to the first, this second version offers the possibility to address different types of study: dietary habits (24 h recall, 7-days dietary record and Food Frequency Questionnaire), epidemiological, anthropometrical and clinical studies. The new version, called GRUNUMUR 2.0, compatible with the first one, has an online help system for all functions of the application, providing the user tasks, allows safe storage of a virtually unlimited number of results, in an orderly and organized way, you can retrieve it when required, through a system of backups and scheduled maintenance and unattended (tasks performed by a server), another advantage is its total accessibility, both from the university intranet (www.um.es) and from the internet, it works via Web Browser (http://senver.inf.um.es/esen), and finally, allows data to be exported to Excel for further processing with other applications as well as publishing reports in PDF, to deliver study participants if necessary. The new version has been validated by comparing the extracted results with those obtained from the other software with no significant differences for any of the variables analyzed. The application GRUNUMUR 2.0 is a tool improved, useful and reliable for addressing human nutrition studies.
... One week before the trial, subjects completed a 7-d dietary record to evaluate energy and nutrient intake from the usual diet of the participants. The energy and nutrient contents of the recorded food intake was estimated by the software ''GRUNUMUR'' (Pérez-Llamas et al., 2004), using the Spanish food composition tables (Moreiras, Carbajal, Cabrera, & Cuadrado, 2009). The dietary intake of the participants was compared to the Recommended Dietary Intake (RDI) for Spanish people (Moreiras et al., 2009). ...
The effect of daily intakes of two differently processed fruit and vegetable soups on β-carotene and lycopene bioavailability, oxidative stress and cardiovascular risk biomarkers was investigated. An optimised soup produced using heat treatments and high pressure homogenisation for high nutrient retention, and a traditionally produced reference soup were tested. Serum β-carotene concentration was significantly higher with the optimised than with the reference soup after the supplementation (0.41 ± 0.05 vs. 0.24 ± 0.03 μM, respectively), whereas the serum lycopene concentration was higher in subjects consuming the reference (0.06 ± 0.02 vs. 0.16 ± 0.02 μM). The change in serum homocysteine levels tended to be greater in the optimised group (−1.67 ± 0.63 vs. 0.02 ± 0.17 μM, p = 0.06). Serum antioxidant enzyme activity decreased significantly with consumption of both soups, but to a greater extent with the optimised soup. The consumption of the fruit and vegetable soups increased serum β-carotene and lycopene concentrations and reduced the levels of several oxidative stress makers, particularly in subjects consuming the optimised soup.
Varios autores han destacado que la población universitaria es un grupo caracteriza por omitir comidas con frecuencia y realizar reiteradas ingestas entre las comidas principales, también su dieta se ve influenciada por una mayor independencia, la influencia de determinados hábitos sociales, su mayor disponibilidad de dinero que posibilita un gasto propio independiente, la oferta de restaurantes de comidas rápidas y la disponibilidad de alimentos precocinados para consumir en casa. Por lo que se trata de un periodo de educación crítico para el desarrollo de hábitos dietéticos que tienen mucha importancia en el estado de salud futuro. Los países de Latinoamérica, están experimentando un fenómeno que se conoce como transición nutricional, asociado al rápido proceso de urbanización y cambios económicos donde estas transiciones implican cambios en el patrón alimentario. Mostrándose que el tener conocimientos de nutrición, no influye en la toma de decisiones para una alimentación y estilo de vida saludables. La Federación de las Naciones Unidas para la Agricultura y la Alimentación (FAO) recomienda una ingesta calórica no mayor a 2000Kcal/día.
Introduction:
There is increasing scientific evidence that nutrition influence positive and negative on health along life. Many studies have reported that the student population is a particularly vulnerable group from the nutritional point of view, due to it is characterized by meal skipping frequently and nibble between eating occasions.
Objective:
to establish the relationship between the number of daily dietary intakes and nutritional status in male students aged 23 to 33 years of the National Technological University, in the city of Córdoba, in 2013.
Methods:
in order to achieve this aim, a prospective, cross-sectional and descriptive correlational design was used. Descriptive and inferential analysis were applied by using multiple logistic regression models.
Results:
Almost 50% of the sample analyzed presented overweight (OW) and 40% high body fat (BF). In relation to the intakes numbers, the students that take less than 4 and more than 6 had 2 times more chance of presenting overweight and high body fat. It was found that as age increases it also does the Body Fat Storage, whereas diminished physical activity increases the chance of having high Body Mass Index and Body Fat. Moreover, high ingestion of carbohydrates increases the chance of high Body Fat and Overweight, and a high intake of protein and lipids increases the risk of high Body Fat.
Conclusion:
it is recognized that high or low number of daily intakes than recommended, low level of physical activity, high consumption of carbohydrates and having more than 29 years is related to high overweight and body fat.
Background: In developed countries, elderly people are considered a group of high risk for possible nutritional imbalances, particularly if they are institutionalized. Objectives: In the present study, the nutritional value of the meals offered by public nursing homes for the elderly in province of Murcia (Spain) was assessed, to compare the results with Spanish recommendations and to propose possible strategies for improving the nutritional status of the residents. Methods: We studied 252 meals offered by six nursing homes, evaluating the energy and macronutrient contents, caloric profile, fat quality and cholesterol and fiber contents. The results were compared with Spanish recommendations for elderly people, and recommendations for a balanced and Mediterranean diet. Results and Discussion: The average energy content of the meals widely fulfilled the amounts of Recommended Dietary Intake for the elderly population. The caloric profile was adequate as regards proteins, low in carbohydrates and high in lipids. The fat quality was adequate, the cholesterol content was higher and the fiber content lower that the recommended amounts. Conclusions: Among possible strategies to improve the nutritional value of the meals, could be a reduction in the fat and cholesterol contents and an increase in carbohydrate and fiber contents, by replacing some red meat dishes by legumes, bread and refined cereals by wholemeal foods, and fat full dairy products by low fat equivalents.
The aim of this paper is the description of a new version of the software application GRUNUMUR, a useful tool for human nutrition studies designed by the Nutrition Research Group from the Murcia University. Similar to the first, this second version offers the possibility to address different types of study: dietary habits (24 h recall, 7-days dietary record and Food Frequency Questionnaire), epidemiological, anthropometrical and clinical studies. The new version, called GRUNUMUR 2.0, compatible with the first one, has an online help system for all functions of the application, providing the user tasks, allows safe storage of a virtually unlimited number of results, in an orderly and organized way, you can retrieve it when required, through a system of backups and scheduled maintenance and unattended (tasks performed by a server), another advantage is its total accessibility, both from the university intranet (www.um.es) and from the internet, it works via Web Browser (http://senver.inf.um.es/esen), and finally, allows data to be exported to Excel for further processing with other applications as well as publishing reports in PDF, to deliver study participants if necessary. The new version has been validated by comparing the extracted results with those obtained from the other software with no significant differences for any of the variables analyzed. The application GRUNUMUR 2.0 is a tool improved, useful and reliable for addressing human nutrition studies.
Introduction:
The software applications utilized to assess dietary intake usually focus on macro- and micronutrients, but not on other components of the diet with potential beneficial effects on health, which include the carotenoids. The degree to which each carotenoid exerts diverse biological activities differs and, thus, it is in our interest to know their composition in foods on an individual basis.
Objective:
To develop a software application with individualized data on carotenoids that enables the calculation of their dietary intake and consultation of the contents of these compounds in foods.
Material and methods:
Software application developed with Java 7, which includes a database of the carotenoids (lutein, zeaxanthin, lycopene, ?-cryptoxanthin, ?-carotene and ?-carotene) in foods (including those that are major contributors to carotenoid intake in Europe), generated by HPLC. The variables include those relative to the foods, subjects and diets that are necessary to provide accurate information on the content of carotenoids in foods and to enable the calculation of their intake.
Results:
The software application enables the calculation of the dietary intake of individual carotenoids from 128 foods (raw and cooked), and their contribution to vitamin A intake, in the two forms employed at the present time: retinol equivalents (RE) and retinol activity equivalents (RAE).
Conclusions:
This software application is a dynamic, specific and accurate tool for the consultation of carotenoid concentrations in foods and the calculation of their intake, aspects that are essential in research studies on diet and health.
In order to determine the alimentary habits of a sample group of schoolchildren for later comparison with the model Mediterranean diet, 167 children aged 6–9 from the region of Murcia, a typically Mediterranean area located in the south-east of Spain, were collected cross-sectionally, using the stratified random sampling technique. Children were interviewed on their recall of food intake over the previous 24 hours. Data were expressed in “Spanish portions” from the six food groups considered essential for a qualitative balanced diet. Our results indicate that the number of portions in the Fruits and Vegetables groups was less than that recommended (P < 0.001), while in the Milk, Meats and Cereals groups the intake was adequate. 13,7% of the total cereal intake was from industrial bakery products. In the Fats group, the number of portions was higher than that recommended. The intake of pulses, traditionally considered one of the bases of the Spanish Mediterranean diet was below the recommended level, and was even less than that in other, non-Mediterranean, regions of Spain. the consumption of fish by Murcian children was less than one third of that of meat. In conclusion, the diet of the Murcian schoolchild population differs increasingly from the Mediterranean ideal. It is important to persuade the people responsible for these dietary changes to follow traditional alimentary habits as closely as possible, while allowing for adaptation to modern times.
Dietary habits and food intake of the six basic food groups (milk, meats, cereals, fruits, vegetables and fats) were investigated in a random sample of 206 adolescents (aged 10–15 years) from a region of south-east Spain (Murcia). Adolescents were interviewed on their recall of food intake over the previous 24 h. The results showed a very low consumption of vegetables, some deficiencies in the intake of the milk and fruits, and an excessive intake of fats. Intake of foods belonging to the cereal and meat groups was adequate, agreeing with the recommendations for the adolescent population. Within the meat group, the distribution of foods consumed was not satisfactory; an excessive consumption of meats and sausages was observed, while the intake of fish and pulses was insufficient. In our study, nutritional advice was given to mothers and adolescents. The use of Spanish portions from the six basic food groups proved to be a very helpful method to popularize the principles of balanced diet in our population. Our results seem to indicate some nutritional imbalances in the diets of the adolescents in the study, especially deficits in fibre and calcium and an excess in saturated fats. The study reveals that although Murcia is a typically Mediterranean Region, the characteristics of the diet of Murcian adolescents are quite different in some respects from the typical alimentary habits of the Mediterranean diet.
A diet questionnaire was developed in association with a computer program to provide rapid nutritional feedback to the general public. The questionnaire was validated against 16 d of weighted diet records and biochemical variables in blood and urine. The highest Pearson correlation coefficients obtained between the questionnaire and the weighed records were for alcohol, fibre, iron, riboflavin (r 0.74, 0.67, 0.66, 0.66 respectively). Striking sex differences were shown in the results; the trend for higher correlations persisted in females. At least 65% of subjects were classified by questionnaire to within one quintile of the classification by weighed record for the majority of nutrients.
The paper describes a computer-assisted infusion and nutrition programme, running on an IBM-compatible PC/XT or PC/AT, for a surgical intensive care unit specializing in burn treatment. Using inputs of patient and laboratory data relevant to infusion planning, the programme generates a schedule for balanced enteral or parenteral nutrition of adult and adolescent patients from the age of 14 upwards. Potential side effects and metabolic complications in nutrition therapy are minimized. Graphics provide a rapid status check on individual parameters whenever required.
The Nutritional Assessment computer program is intended to assist dentists and other health professionals with an evaluation of an individual's nutritional intake by identifying intake inadequacies, excesses, or imbalances. The assessment is not intended as a substitute for a visit to the appropriate health professional. An assessment report shows if an individual is selecting appropriate foods to meet dietary guidelines or could benefit from diet counselling.