Oral Radiology: Principles and Interpretation

Lesions Associated with Unerupted Or Erupting Teeth in Child and Adolescent Patients

Book

Full-text available

Mar 2025

3D modelling and x-ray depth analysis map of the pulp with computer software via digital periapical radiography and cone beam computed tomography

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2025
BMC Oral Health

Objective Periapical radiographs (PAR) offer information about the pulp and periodontal health of teeth. However, intraoral radiographs are insufficient for diagnosing buccolingual anomalies and variations such as bifid canals due to their two-dimensional nature. Cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) is the gold standard for 3D imaging in the clinic but requires additional radiation. The aim of this study was to create a software (XPAR) which obtains x-ray depth analysis and 3D modelling of the pulps of single-rooted teeth by converting the grey values in the original radiographs into numerical data. Materials and methods Two single-rooted teeth were included in the experimental part of the study. Chicken fibula bone was preferred for alveolar bone simulation because it could simulate cortical and trabecular structures due to similarity. A total of four images (60kVp & 70kVp; single alveolar bone & double alveolar bone) were obtained. The aim of this experimental part is to test the repeatability and realism of the algorithm to be created for pulp modelling. Retrospectively, 31 single-rooted teeth with both periapical radiography and cone-beam computed tomography imaging were included in the retrospective part of the study. According to XPAR, depth increase areas were interpreted as root resorption and accessory canal. Depth decrease areas were evaluated as the transformation of the pulp from an elliptical to an oval form, pulp stone, bifid canal formation and the presence of thick alveolar bone. The diagnostic accuracy of XPAR application on pathological and morphological changes was evaluated by comparing the obtained results with CBCT. Results 80% of the analyses diagnosed as bifurcation by XPAR application were supported by CBCT. This rate decreased to 27% in the diagnosis of transitions from elliptical to oval form. A total of 5 and 19 linear formations observed in the form of depth decrease and increase, respectively, were accepted as image errors in XPAR. Conclusion Buccolingual bifid canal formations and pulp obliterations can be diagnosed with a rate of nearly 50% with the depth decrease finding obtained in XPAR application. Imaging errors caused by deformed detectors are typically observed as linear formations.

Calcifying Odontogenic Cyst in Posterior Maxilla: A Case Report

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2025

In the present study, we reported a 66-year-old woman with an uncommonly painful calcifying odontogenic cyst (COC) in the posterior region of the left side of the maxilla. The cyst was evaluated radiographically and histopathologically. The present case showed a multilocular cyst with a mixed internal structure. The most noticeable effects on the peripheral structures were elevated maxillary sinus floor, osteomeatal complex, and nasal obstruction. To better understand the impact of COC on the trabecular pattern of the surrounding bone, we performed fractal analysis on the panoramic images pre- and post-operatively. The expansion of COC can change the trabecular pattern, which subsequently can change the fractal dimension of the area. After histopathological confirmation of the diagnosis, the cyst was surgically removed.

A survey on radiographic diagnosis and interpretation of proximal dental caries

Article

Oct 2024

Radiographic finding of sunray appearance as a sign of malignant mandibular lesion: a case report

Article

Full-text available

May 2025

Objectives: To report the “sunray” appearance on panoramic radiography as a sign of malignancy lesions of the mandible. Case Report: A 40 year old female patient came to the Hasanuddin University Dental Hospital with the main complaint of facial swelling which causes an asymmetrical appearance and hard consistency on palpation. Mucosa around the second right premolar to the third right molar is reddish with an irregular border. The patient was referred to the radiology department for panoramic radiography and MRI. The panoramic radiograph revealed a mixed radiolucent-radiopaque lesion in tooth 35 involving ramus to the coronoid process. PDL space was irregular widening at 36, 37, and 38. The "sunray” appearance was seen from the ramus extending to the coronoid process. On the MRI, a mass on the submandibular gland pushed and narrowed the sublingual, parapharyngeal, and masticator space, destroying the mandible on the left side. These radiologic findings strongly suggest a malignancy involving the jawbone. Conclusion: The findings of a mandibular malignancy in the form of a “sunray” appearance on panoramic radiography need to be confirmed with an MRI examination to determine the consistency and extent of the lesion to the surrounding tissue. A comprehensive examination is necessary to properly diagnose mandibular malignant lesions so that the most suitable treatment plan can be determined.

A case report of odontogenic cyst by CBCT analysis: a calcifying odontogenic cyst or dentigerous cyst?

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2025

Objectives: Odontogenic cysts are pathologic cavities filled with fluid originating from the odontogenic epithelium remnants forming teeth. Dentigerous and calcifying odontogenic cysts are examples of cysts that form during development. Based on how they form, they are one type of odontogenic cyst. Many lesions have similar characteristics, making it challenging to differentiate them. Case Report: An oral surgeon referred a 19-year-old male patient for a CBCT radiographic examination of the maxilla, which revealed a dentigerous cyst in the patient's clinical report. The patient's overall health was delicate. An intraoral examination revealed no edema, symmetrical, painless facial structure, and no clinical signs of periodontal disease nor dental caries. A panoramic radiograph showed a multilocular, well-defined, and corticated radiolucent lesion that made teeth 11–12 and 21–23 shifted. Conclusion: Clinical and imaging variables play essential roles in the diagnosis and differential diagnosis of odontogenic cysts. CBCT radiography could be a suitable modality for diagnosing odontogenic cysts, although histopathology is the gold standard for a definitive diagnosis.

The effect of dental occlusion on masseter muscle thickness in adolescents: an ultrasonographic evaluation

Article

Jun 2025
Oral Radiol

(Avaiable at this link https://rdcu.be/epE8P) Objectives This study aimed to investigate the relationship between masseter muscle thickness and variables such as age, gender, dental occlusion, and parafunctional habits in adolescents aged 11–15 years using ultrasonographic measurements. Methods A total of 168 adolescents aged 11–15 years who were referred to the Department of Oral and Maxillofacial Radiology at Van Yuzuncu Yil University for routine dental examinations participated in this cross-sectional study. Data on parafunctional habits, age, height, and weight were collected. Dental occlusion and tooth loss were documented during clinical examinations. Masseter muscle thickness was measured bilaterally at rest and during contraction using ultrasonography. Statistical analyses included Kolmogorov–Smirnov, Wilcoxon, and Mann–Whitney U tests, with a significance level of p < 0.05. Results No significant differences in masseter muscle thickness were observed between genders, either at rest or during contraction (p > 0.05). Similarly, muscle thickness did not significantly differ according to dental occlusion or parafunctional habits such as mouth breathing and swallowing (p > 0.05). However, a positive correlation was found between the number of premolar and molar teeth and masseter muscle thickness on the left side during contraction (p = 0.006, r = 0.213). Conclusion Dental occlusion and parafunctional habits appear to have minimal impact on masseter muscle thickness in adolescents. Ultrasonography provides a reliable and non-invasive method for assessing masseter muscle thickness, supporting its utility in clinical practice. (avaiable at this link https://rdcu.be/epE8P)

Radiation-Induced Trismus Triggers Jaw Osteoradionecrosis Development in Locally Advanced Nasopharyngeal Cancer Patients Undergoing Concurrent Chemoradiotherapy

Article

Jun 2025

To investigate whether radiation-induced trismus (RIT) influences the rates of osteoradionecrosis of the jaw (ORNJ) in patients with locally advanced nasopharyngeal carcinoma (LA-NPC) who are undergoing definitive concurrent chemo-radiotherapy (C-CRT). This retrospective study analyzed data from 295 LA-NPC patients who underwent C-CRT and received oral and periodontal examinations before and after C-CRT. The study's primary objective was to determine any definitive associations between RIT and ORNJ rates. Forty-six (15.6%) and 23 (7.8%) patients were diagnosed with RIT and ORNJ, respectively. ORNJ was significantly more prevalent among patients with RIT (16/46; 34.8%) compared to those without RIT (7/249; 2.8%) (P0.001). The median interval between the diagnoses of RIT and ORNJ was 9.5 months (range: 1-26 months). Notably, 15 out of 16 (93.7%) cases of ORNJ were diagnosed > 1 month after the diagnosis of RIT. Spearman's correlation analysis demonstrated a strong and statistically significant relationship between the presence of RIT and the subsequent development of ORNJ (rs = 0.714, p < 0.001). The results of the multivariate analysis indicated that a previous diagnosis of RIT was a significant and independent predictor of an increased rate of ORNJ development. Our study's findings demonstrated that RIT may be a significant risk factor for the increased prevalence rates of subsequently developed ORNJ in patients with LA-NPC treated with C-CRT, emphasizing the pressing need for effective RIT prevention strategies to reduce ORNJ rates in this patient population.

Influence of a portable X-ray device in the diagnosis of proximal caries lesions

Article

Full-text available

May 2025
Braz Oral Res

This study aimed to evaluate the influence of a portable X-ray device on the diagnosis of proximal caries lesions. For that, radiographs of 40 human teeth with white spots or color changes in enamel and/or dentin were acquired using the Eagle X-ray portable device (Alliage, São Paulo, Brazil) set at 2.5 mA, 60 kVp and an exposure time of 0.5 s (1.25 mAs). Then, new radiographs of the teeth were acquired using the Focus X-ray wall-mounted device (Instrumentarium, Tuusula, Finland) set at 7 mA, 70 kVp, and exposure time of 0.16 s (1.12 mAs). Five oral and maxillofacial radiologists individually assessed the radiographs. Area under the receiver operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specificity were calculated from the responses of the five examiners and compared between the devices tested using Student's t test. Significance level was set at 5% (α = 0.05). The weighted Kappa index evaluated the intra-and inter-examiner agreements for caries lesions diagnosis. The use of a portable X-ray device did not influence on AUC, sensitivity and specificity metrics for the diagnosis of caries lesions (p > 0.05). The intra-and inter-examiner agreements for the caries lesions diagnosis ranged from substantial to almost perfect (0.646-0.859) and moderate to substantial (0.491-0.617), respectively. The diagnostic accuracy for detecting proximal caries lesions is not impaired when using a portable X-ray device.

Ultrasonographic and Radiographic Evaluation of Osteoarthritic Changes in the Temporomandibular Joint

Article

Full-text available

May 2025

Background/Objectives: This study aims to determine the sensitivity, specificity, positive predictive value, and negative predictive value by comparing ultrasonography and panoramic radiography with the gold standard cone beam computed tomography in the diagnosis of osteoarthritic changes in the temporomandibular joint (TMJ) and to determine the distribution of these degenerations in terms of age and gender. Methods: In the study, cone beam computed tomography (CBCT), panoramic radiography, and ultrasonography (USG) images of 143 patients who applied to the Dentomaxillofacial Radiology Department of the Faculty of Dentistry of Zonguldak Bülent Ecevit University with complaints of TMJ were retrospectively examined. Results: As a result of the analysis, the average age of the patients included in the study was found to be 50.3 ± 14.4. The incidence of degenerative changes was higher in females than in males. The most common degenerative change in both genders was found to be flattening. Of the 143 patients’ degenerative changes detected on CBCT, 135 (94.4%) were detected on panoramic radiography and 124 (86.7%) were detected on USG. Conclusions: The sensitivity rates of ultrasound and panoramic radiography were found to be lower than those of CBCT in detecting degenerative changes.

BEHIND THE MASK: UNCOVERING MAXILLARY SINUS CARCINOMA- A CASE REPORT

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2025

Maxillary sinus carcinoma is a rare malignancy that poses significant diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. They are often discovered in advanced stages as the early stages present with no or minimal symptoms. They are associated with deleterious habits or environmental risk factors. Here, we report a challenging case highlighting its aggressive nature and discuss the clinical and radiological features of this rare entity.

Comparison of artificial intelligence vs. junior dentists' diagnostic performance based on caries and periapical infection detection on panoramic images

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2025

Background The advent of artificial intelligence (AI) in dentistry holds promise for enhancing diagnostic accuracy. This study aims to compare the diagnostic performance of AI and junior dentists in detecting dental caries and periapical infections using panoramic images. Materials and Methods A total of 200 panoramic images were selected from the dental records of a tertiary care hospital. An AI system trained on a large dataset of annotated dental images was used to analyze the selected images. Simultaneously, a group of 10 junior dentists, with 1-3 years of clinical experience, independently evaluated the same set of images. The diagnostic performance was assessed by measuring sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for both AI and junior dentists. The gold standard for diagnosis was established by consensus from three experienced dental radiologists. Results The AI system demonstrated a sensitivity of 92%, specificity of 89%, and accuracy of 90% in detecting dental caries. In contrast, the junior Sowmya V/Afr.J.Bio.Sc.6.12(2024) Page 4562 of 5 dentists showed an average sensitivity of 80%, specificity of 85%, and accuracy of 82%. For periapical infections, the AI system achieved a sensitivity of 95%, specificity of 90%, and accuracy of 92%, while the junior dentists had a sensitivity of 85%, specificity of 87%, and accuracy of 86%. Statistical analysis revealed that the AI system significantly outperformed the junior dentists in both diagnostic tasks (p < 0.05). Conclusion The findings suggest that AI has the potential to surpass the diagnostic capabilities of junior dentists in detecting dental caries and periapical infections on panoramic images. Integrating AI into dental practice could enhance diagnostic accuracy and support clinical decision-making.

Prevalence of Teeth Number Anomalies in Permanent Dentition in a Sample From Erbil City (an Orthopantomographic Study)

Article

Full-text available

Jul 2017

Supernumerary teeth are those teeth developed along with normal complement as a result of excess dental lamina in the jaws. Developmentally missing teeth include hypodontia, oligodontia and anodontia. Congenital missing of one or more teeth or a supernumerary tooth requires an urgent treatment as suggested by the Index of Orthodontic Treatment Need. This study tries to evaluate the prevalence and distribution of tooth number anomalies in Erbil patients in relation to the side, jaw, tooth types, and gender. Three thousand orthopantomograms of patients (9-36) years' old who is seeking dental treatments are used to determine the spreading and distribution of the hypodontia, oligodontia, and hyperdontia. Their radiographs are retrieved from Orthodontics and Radiographic Clinics at the College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University, Erbil/Kurdistan Region of Iraq and private dental radiographic clinic in period from 2013 till 2015. A tooth is diagnosed as congenitally missing in case of no identification or discerned radiographically on the basis of calcification or there is no removal evidence. The chi-square test is to determine the importance of the upper and lower numerical teeth abnormality differences and the differences between genders. Five percent was set as the level of significance. Hypodontia was prevalent by 7.76%, it was more often found in females in right side of maxilla. The most missed tooth was maxillary lateral incisor. The permanent congenital missing teeth were frequently in the maxilla. Mesiodens was the most common supernumerary tooth, and its prevalence was 1.13%. ‫الخالصة‬ ‫ال‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫لمفك‬ ‫السنية‬ ‫الصفيحة‬ ‫انتاج‬ ‫يادة‬ ‫لز‬ ‫كنتيجة‬ ‫الطبيعية‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫الى‬ ‫باالضافة‬ ‫تنمو‬ ‫التي‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫ىي‬ ‫ائدة‬ ‫ز‬. ‫يشمل‬ ‫الدي‬ ‫الو‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫نقص‬ ‫ان‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫نقص‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫انعدام‬ ‫و‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫قمة‬ ،. ‫تقتضيو‬ ‫ما‬ ‫حسب‬ ‫العالج‬ ‫الى‬ ‫الحاجة‬ ‫ازدياد‬ ‫الى‬ ‫يؤدي‬ ‫اكثر‬ ‫او‬ ‫احدة‬ ‫و‬ ‫لسن‬ ‫الدي‬ ‫الو‬ ‫الفقدان‬ ‫ان‬ ‫مقاييس‬ ‫التقويمي‬ ‫العالج‬ ‫لألسنان‬. ‫الجيتين‬ ‫و‬ ‫االسفل‬ ‫و‬ ‫االعمى‬ ‫الفكين‬ ‫في‬ ‫لالسنان‬ ‫العددية‬ ‫التشوىات‬ ‫يع‬ ‫توز‬ ‫و‬ ‫انتشار‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫لقياس‬ ‫ىو‬ ‫البحث‬ ‫ىذا‬ ‫من‬ ‫الغاية‬ ‫ان‬ ‫بيل‬ ‫ار‬ ‫مدينة‬ ‫مرضى‬ ‫في‬ ‫الجنسين‬ ‫كال‬ ‫في‬ ‫اليسرى‬ ‫و‬ ‫اليمنى‬. ‫التقاط‬ ‫تم‬ 3000 ‫امية‬ ‫بانور‬ ‫مقطعية‬ ‫تقويمية‬ ‫ية‬ ‫تصوير‬ ‫أشعة‬ (OPG) ‫ل‬ ‫بين‬ ‫اوح‬ ‫تتر‬ ‫اعمارىم‬ ‫مرضى‬ (9-36) ‫و‬ ‫أسنانيم‬ ‫عالج‬ ‫مرحمة‬ ‫اثناء‬ ‫سنة‬ ‫استعمال‬ ‫تم‬ ‫الشعاعية‬ ‫الصور‬ ‫ىذه‬ (OPG) ‫االسنان‬ ‫عدد‬ ‫يادة‬ ‫ز‬ ‫و‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫قمة‬ ‫و‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫نقص‬ ‫يع‬ ‫توز‬ ‫و‬ ‫انتشار‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫لتعيين‬. ‫الشعاعية‬ ‫الصور‬ ‫ىذه‬ ‫استرجاع‬ ‫تم‬ ‫لقد‬ ‫ا‬ ‫و‬ ‫الفكين‬ ‫و‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫الشعة‬ ‫ية‬ ‫االستشار‬ ‫العيادات‬ ‫من‬ ‫في‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫طب‬ ‫كمية‬ ‫في‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫لتقويم‬ ‫ية‬ ‫االستشار‬ ‫لعيادات‬ ‫جا‬ ‫بيل‬ ‫ار‬ ‫مدينة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الطبية‬ ‫ىولير‬ ‫معة‬ ‫من‬ ‫ة‬ ‫الفتر‬ ‫في‬ ‫بيل‬ ‫ار‬ ‫مدينة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الخاصة‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫اشعة‬ ‫عيادات‬ ‫من‬ ‫تجميعيا‬ ‫تم‬ ‫وكذلك‬ ، 2013-2015. ‫تك‬ ‫وجود‬ ‫عمى‬ ‫شعاعيا‬ ‫التعرف‬ ‫او‬ ‫تمييز‬ ‫عدم‬ ‫حالة‬ ‫في‬ ‫الديا‬ ‫و‬ ‫مفقودة‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫اعتبار‬ ‫تم‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫قمع‬ ‫حاالت‬ ‫استبعاد‬ ‫مع‬ ‫الفكين‬ ‫في‬ ‫لس‬. Al-Mufty et al. MJB-2017 181 ‫كا‬ ‫اختبار‬ ‫تطبيق‬ ‫تم‬ ‫ي‬ ‫بيع‬ ‫تر‬ (Chi-square) ‫االختالفات‬ ‫في‬ ‫الفروق‬ ‫اىمية‬ ‫لتمييز‬ ‫و‬ ‫االسفل‬ ‫و‬ ‫االعمى‬ ‫لمفكين‬ ‫العددية‬ ‫لت‬ ‫كذلك‬ ‫بين‬ ‫االختالفات‬ ‫مييز‬ ‫و‬ ‫الجنسين،‬ ‫من‬ ‫االىمية‬ ‫مستوى‬ ‫اعتبار‬ ‫تم‬ ‫قد‬ 5 %. ‫االسنان‬ ‫نقص‬ ‫انتشار‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫كان‬ ‫لقد‬ 7,76 % ‫نق‬ ‫ان‬ ، ‫الفك‬ ‫في‬ ‫االناث،‬ ‫في‬ ‫الحدوث‬ ‫كثير‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫ص‬ ‫اليمنى‬ ‫الجية‬ ‫وفي‬ ‫العموي‬. ‫لقد‬ ‫كان‬ ‫القاطع‬ ‫الوحشي‬ ‫فقدانا‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫اكثر‬ ‫العموي‬ ‫لمفك‬. ‫الدائمي‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫فقدان‬ ‫ان‬ ‫العموي‬ ‫الفك‬ ‫في‬ ‫حدوثا‬ ‫اكثر‬ ‫كان‬ ‫ة‬. ‫ان‬ ‫االسنا‬ ‫حدوث‬ ‫معدل‬ ‫بنسبة‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫االضافية‬ ‫ن‬ 1,13 % ‫و‬ ، ‫االض‬ ‫االسنان‬ ‫أكثر‬ ‫االنسي‬ ‫اؤول‬ ‫الر‬ ‫كانت‬ ‫افية‬ .

Ritual Burials in a Prehistoric Mining Shaft in the Krumlov Forest (Czechia)

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2025

The Krumlov Forest (Czechia) revealed one of the largest chert mining fields in Europe, dated from the Mesolithic to the Hallstatt period. The largest shafts of the Late Lengyel culture were located on a slope below a re-deposited boulder. Shaft No. 4 yielded two skeletons of females; the lower one had a newborn placed on her breasts. Both females were found to be the shortest of the then population as a whole; they were weak, diseased and poorly fed during their childhood. By contrast, as adults they were fed with meat and carried out heavy work, which is corroborated by marked muscle attachments and vertebral degeneration. Genetic analysis proved that both females were relatives. In order to complete the story of these women, the conclusions mentioned were supplemented with an anthropological reconstruction of their appearance.

Investigating the Accuracy of Panoramic Radiography for Assessing the Condition of the Roots of Small Canines

Article

Mar 2024

Background and Purpose: Correct radiographic interpretation, especially for root morphology, helps to distinguish open or closed surgical methods and avoid root fracture during tooth extraction. Therefore, canines are very important among teeth. Materials and Methods: This study was performed on 35 patients who were referred to the clinic. patients, under standard conditions of panoramic radiograph preparation and dentistry, on November 1402, based on a radiologist›s questionnaire about the interpretation of radiographs of canines before surgery. The questions included the number of tooth roots, the relation of roots to each other and the angle of the root to the crown. Findings: In the present study, based on differences in angle reported interpretations of practical and real radiographs, considering 10 degrees of difference, the diagnostic accuracy of panoramic radiography is approximately 97%, and if we consider 15 degrees, panoramic radiography is more than 97%. It has diagnostic accuracy. Conclusion: The results of this study showed that panoramic radiography is a valuable guide for evaluating the condition of canines

Unusual presentation of an inflamed dentigerous cyst with aggressive features: A case report with management considerations

Article

Full-text available

Jun 2025

Introduction: Dentigerous cysts are the second most common odontogenic cysts, typically asymptomatic and discovered incidentally on radiographs surrounding the crown of impacted teeth. They usually present as well- defined unilocular radiolucencies and exhibit non-inflammatory histological characteristics. In rare instances, they may undergo secondary infection or exhibit aggressive behaviour, posing diagnostic and therapeutic challenges. Presentation of case: A 64-year-old male patient presented with a progressive mandibular expansion and asso- ciated pain as a chief complaint. The oral examination revealed a swelling in the anterior portion of mandible with buccal plate expansion. The radiographic and histopathologic features were consistent with the diagnosis of dentigerous cyst. Consequently, the lesion was surgically removed, and no clinical or radiological recurrence was detected during 12 months post-operative follow-up. Discussion: While previous reports of dentigerous cysts typically describe a benign course with well-defined radiolucent borders, this case presents an aggressive variant with inflammatory changes. Furthermore, while dentigerous cysts are commonly associated with impacted teeth and remain asymptomatic, our case suggests a potential association between lesion size, patient age, and chronic inflammatory response as possible contrib- utors to its aggressive behaviour. Conclusions: This case highlights a rare occurrence of aggressive dentigerous cyst with inflammation and cortical perforation. It emphasizes the effectiveness of conservative surgical management and suggests further research on the link between lesion size, age, and unidentified inflammatory factors.

Post biopsy evaluation of mucoepidermoid carcinoma excision on maxillary using CBCT: a case report

Article

Full-text available

May 2025

Objectives: The purpose of this case study is to report the postoperative evaluation of a case of Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma occurring in the maxilla using CBCT. Case Report: A 44-year-old woman came to the Dental Radiology Installation of the Padjadjaran University Dental and Oral Hospital with complaints of swelling in the right maxillary region since 1 year ago accompanied by pain and could not open her mouth. The patient brought a referral letter for CBCT photos with a clinical diagnosis of Maxillary Tumour Dextra Post Biopsy Excision in the Maxillary Dextra region with HPA Mucoepidermoid Carcinoma a.r Maxillary Dextra. CBCT results showed tooth loss in areas 16, 17, and 18 accompanied by trabeculae loss at the posterior alveolar process support and partial bone thinning at the maxillary tuberosity. The loss of some hard tissue was likely part of the tissue taken for biopsy. The average density in these areas was ± 49 HU. Conclusion: Lesions can be analysed using qualitative and quantitative methods with 3D CBCT.

Description of length, height, and mandibular gonial angle of Kennedy classification class I, II, III, and IV patients

Article

Full-text available

May 2025

Objectives: This study aimed to describe the length, height, and mandibular gonial angle of Kennedy classification class I, II, III, and IV patients using panoramic radiographs at Ulin Regional Hospital and GHA Oral and Dental Hospital Banjarmasin. Materials and Methods: This study was descriptive with a cross-sectional design. Sampling used the purposive sampling technique. The research sample was an archive of digital panoramic radiographs of Ulin Regional Hospital and GHA Oral and Dental Hospital Banjarmasin patients aged 30-70 with Kennedy classification, recorded in the Radiology Installation from January 2018 to January 2024. Results: The results from 108 samples of Kennedy classification patients showed that the smallest length of the mandible on the left and right sides is in class I Kennedy. The measurement of mandibular height at points II-R is the smallest in class IV, and the smallest at III-L is in class II. At point II-R, the smallest mean is in class IV, and the smallest at II-L is in class I. The largest measurement of the gonial angle on the left and right sides is in class IV. Conclusion: The mandibular length most likely to cause the temporomandibular disorder is Kennedy class I on the left side in 18 samples (17%). The height and gonial angle of the mandible that most likely causes temporomandibular disorder are on the right side for height and the left side for gonial angle in Kennedy class IV as many as 18 samples (17%).

Analysis of four periapical inflammatory lesions findings on periapical radiographs: a case report

Article

Full-text available

May 2025

Objectives: To analyze four periapical inflammatory lesions on periapical radiographs. Case Report: A 20-year-old male patient came to RSIGMP-UMI, the results of the intraoral clinic examination showed that there was a crown restoration in the area of 13 to 23 that the patient had been using since ± 5 years ago. Discussion: Radiographs are a necessary supporting examination, especially after anamnesis and clinical examination for lesions involving bone tissue and its surrounding structure, periapical inflammatory lesions are the most commonly found pathological condition, defined as the local response of the bone around the dental apical. Conclusion: Periapical radiographic examination is very helpful in determining the exact diagnosis and treatment plan as well as evaluating the treatment results of a case, especially in cases of periapical inflammatory lesions.

Knowledge and attitude of Bangladeshi dentists towards Conebeam computed tomography (CBCT)

Article

Full-text available

May 2025

Mahmud Uz Zaman

Background Despite potential benefits of CBCT, the utilization of CBCT in dental practices is influenced by various factors, including awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and barriers among dentists. This study aimed to assess the awareness, knowledge, attitudes, and barriers regarding CBCT utilization among Bangladeshi dentists. Material and Methods A cross-sectional survey was conducted among 500 dentists practicing in Bangladesh. The survey questionnaire comprised items assessing demographic information, awareness of CBCT, attitudes towards its utility, perceived barriers, and preferences for continuing education. Data were analyzed descriptively, and statistical tests such as chi-square and logistic regression were employed to identify significant predictors of positive attitudes towards CBCT. Results The majority of respondents demonstrated a high level of awareness regarding CBCT (80%), with positive attitudes towards its utility in various clinical scenarios. However, practical utilization remained limited, primarily due to barriers such as high costs, limited accessibility, and interpretation challenges. Dentists expressed a strong interest in continuing education related to CBCT. Conclusion There is a high level of awareness and positive attitudes towards CBCT, significant barriers hinder its widespread adoption. Addressing these barriers can enhance the utilization of CBCT in dental practices, ultimately improving patient outcomes and advancing dental care in Bangladesh. Bangladesh Journal of Medical Science Vol. 24 No. 02 April’25 Page : 457-464

Assessment of Mandibular Condylar Morphological Variations Using Cone-Beam Computed Tomography: A Retrospective Cross-Sectional Study

Article

Jan 2025

Applications of Cone Beam Computed Tomography in Orthodontics

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2023

Since the introduction of Cone Beam computed tomography (CBCT) in dentistry, it has become an increasingly important source of 3D volumetric information in clinical orthodontics. Traditionally 2-D imaging modalities like orthopantomograms and cephalometric radiography have been used in orthodontic treatment planning and monitoring the treatment progress, but their limitations (the challenges of superimpositions and distortions) have always been a concern. Considering these limitations, three-dimensional imaging (3D) evolved to meet the demands of advanced technologies in delivering an accurate diagnosis and, simultaneously, responsible for developing new treatment strategies. CBCT is recommended in cases where clinical examination supplemented with conventional radiography cannot supply adequate diagnostic information, such as impacted teeth, CL/P, and orthographic or craniofacial surgery patients. CBCT on other cases can also be performed where a positive benefit-to-risk outcome is likely, such as supernumerary teeth, identification of root resorption caused by unerupted teeth, evaluating boundary conditions, TMJ degeneration, and progressive bite changes and for placement of TADs in complex situations. This article provides an overview of the specific applications of CBCT in Orthodontics and the importance of three-dimensional over two-dimensional radiographic modalities.

Investigating the effect of thyroid shields and lead glasses on image quality and artefacts in Cone Beam Computed Tomography devices: A phantom study

Article

Full-text available

May 2025

This study found that when using thyroid shield and lead glasses during dental CBCT imaging, reducing the FOV size from large to small can help reduce artifacts and maintain image quality similar to that obtained without using this equipment. Therefore, it is possible to use this equipment with small FOV without compromising image quality

The Role of Diagnostic Radiology in Orthodontics

Article

Apr 2025

Diagnostic radiology constitutes an indispensable element of the diagnostic process and treatment planning in orthodontics. Panoramic and cephalometric radyographies, in conjunction with cone beam computed tomography, facilitate a comprehensive examination of tooth and jaw structures. These methodologies are employed in critical applications, including the identification of malocclusion types, the evaluation of growth and development stages, the assessment of impacted teeth positioning, and the monitoring of alterations occurring during orthodontic treatment.However, given the potential risks of radiation exposure, it is imperative to prioritize the acquisition of the most informative images while minimizing the radiation dose. The utilization of advanced imaging techniques should be reserved exclusively for circumstances where their application is medically justified, and patient safety must remain the paramount concern.

Optimal Wavelengths for Multispectral Short Wavelength Infrared Transillumination and Reflectance Imaging for Caries Detection

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2025

Background/Objectives: The aim of this in vitro study was to determine the optimal combinations of wavelengths for short wavelength infrared (SWIR) multispectral transillumination and reflectance imaging of caries lesions on proximal and occlusal surfaces. Methods: The contrasts of (n = 76) caries lesions on the occlusal and proximal surfaces of extracted teeth were measured at 1050, 1300, and 1550 nm for occlusal transillumination and 1058, 1300, 1450, and 1675 nm for occlusal reflectance. All teeth were also imaged using radiography and microcomputed tomography (μCT) to verify lesion presence. A custom-fabricated handheld imaging probe suitable for clinical use and for the simultaneous acquisition of SWIR occlusal transillumination and reflectance (SWIR-OTR) images was used. Three high-power superluminescent diode lasers were used for transillumination, and a fiber-optic switch was used to switch between the transillumination wavelengths. Optical bandpass filters coupled with a tungsten halogen lamp were used for reflectance. All images were acquired at the same position and with the same field of view for comparison. Results: The highest contrasts in reflection were at 1450 and 1675 nm for occlusal and interproximal lesions, and the highest contrasts for transillumination were at 1050 and 1300 nm. Conclusions: This study suggests that the best wavelengths for SWIR-OTR are between 1000 and 1300 nm for transillumination and greater than 1400 nm for reflectance. Wavelengths beyond 1400 nm are advantageous for reflectance and yield significantly higher contrast. Wavelengths beyond 1300 nm are not promising for occlusal transillumination since internal water absorption leads to contrast inversion.

Cone-Beam CT Evaluation of Intracranial Physiological Calcifications by Age and Gender

Article

Full-text available

Mar 2025

Objective: To assess the prevalence of physiological intracranial calcifications detected in cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) images in a group of Turkish population by age and gender. Methods: Full head CBCT images of 1000 patients (535 men, 465 women) with age range of 6-91 years were retrospectively analyzed. The presence of habenular, pineal gland, coroid plexus, petroclinoid ligament, interclinoid ligament, carotico-clinoid ligament, falx cerebri, tentorium cerebelli and basal ganglia calcifications were investigated by age groups and gender. Mann Whitney U test was used to calculate the calcification frequency by mean age and χ2 test was used for gender. Results: CBCT examination of 1000 cases aged between 6 and 91 were evaluated in six groups respectively; ages under 19 (13.3%), age 20-29 (14.8%), age 30-39 (11.9%), age 40-49 (19.3%), age 50-59 (20.9%) ages over 60 (19.8%). Habenular calcification was the most common calcification with a rate of 69%. Only petroclinoid ligament calcification was significantly higher in men (p< .001). Statistically significant relationship was found between age groups and calcifications of habenular, pineal gland, choroid plexus, petroclinoid ligament, interclinoid ligament, caroticoclinoid ligament (p< .001). Conclusion: Habenular calcification was the most common type of intracranial calcification in all age groups. As the probability of calcification increases with aging, an increase in the association of calcifications was observed. Physiological intracranial calcifications may be an incidental finding frequently encountered in CBCT examinations.

A case report of a large odontogenic cyst treated by dental implantation with mandibular reconstruction using an iliac bone graft

Article

Apr 2025

Odontogenic cysts are comparatively common, but large odontogenic cysts that extend into the unilateral mandible are rare. Here, we present the case of a patient with a large odontogenic cyst extending to the unilateral mandible by enucleation and mandibular reconstruction with an iliac bone graft, followed by occlusal reconstruction by dental implant treatment. The patient was a 69-year-old man who presented to a local dental clinic with swelling and increasing pain in the right mandible. Radiolucency in the right lower molar region and impacted wisdom teeth were identified, and he was referred to our department. A panoramic X-ray showed a well-defined radiolucency extending from the right angle of the mandible to the molar region, including the impacted wisdom tooth, and root resorption of the molars. Following antibiotic treatment to reduce inflammation, tooth extraction, biopsy, and fenestration were performed under general anesthesia. The histopathological diagnosis was radicular cyst. Fenestration treatment was continued, enucleation of the cyst and wisdom tooth extraction were conducted, with immediate mandibular reconstruction by iliac bone grafting. The right lower wisdom tooth was extracted, the cyst was enucleated, and an iliac bone block was grafted into the large defect in the right lower molar region of the mandible and fixed in place with a metal plate. The removed tissue was cystic. Computed tomography 18 months postoperatively showed mandibular bone formation, and the metal plate was removed under general anesthesia. Three years postoperatively, since the mandible had healed well, implants were inserted, and good occlusion was achieved.

Elazığ İlinde Bulunan Çocuklarda Dental Anomali Görülme Prevalansı

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2023

Dental anomaliler ve görülme sıklığı

Is panoramic radiography sufficient enough for the evaluation of mandibular condyle osseous changes and cortication types?

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2025

In Vitro Comparative Accuracy of PSP Digital Radiography and CBCT for Detection of Broken Nickel-Titanium Files in Endodontically Treated Root Canals: Detection of Broken Nickel-Titanium Files in Endodontically

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2024

Background: This study aimed to compare the accuracy of indirect photostimulable phosphor (PSP) digital radiography and cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT) for detection of broken nickel-titanium (NiTi) files in endodontically treated root canals. Materials and Methods: This in vitro study was conducted on 108 extracted single-rooted mandibular premolars in 4 group (n=27) of positive control (root canal instrumentation and obturation), negative control (root canal instrumentation without obturation) and two experimental groups of file fracture with and without root canal obturation. The teeth underwent PSP digital radiography and CBCT, and the radiographs were evaluated by one oral radiologist and one endodontist twice. Presence/absence of a broken file in the root canals was reported using a 4-point scale. The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy were calculated and compared for CBCT and PSP digital radiography. Results: The sensitivity, specificity, and accuracy for detection of broken NiTi files in obturated canals were 51.9%, 59.3% and 55.6%, respectively for CBCT and 70.3%, 85%, and 77.8%, respectively for PSP radiography. These values were 81.4%, 59.3%, and 79.6%, respectively for CBCT and 85.1%, 81.4%, and 83.3%, respectively for PSP radiography in unfilled canals. PSP digital radiography was significantly superior to CBCT for detection of broken files in obturated (P=0.01) but not in unfilled (P=0.420) root canals. Conclusion: Considering the lower radiation dose and higher accuracy of PSP digital radiography than CBCT for detection of broken NiTi files in filled canals, and their comparable accuracy in unfilled canals, PSP digital radiography is recommended for this purpose.

Evidence‐Based Anatomical Terminology in Dentistry Developed by a Consortium of Experts

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2025
CLIN ANAT

This article aimed to develop evidence‐based anatomical terminology in dentistry agreed upon by experts in multiple fields and ultimately to bridge anatomy and clinical dentistry. A comprehensive list of dental anatomical terminology was detailed in table format, and specific terms of interest were highlighted with their respective literature review. The presence of teeth is a unique feature of the oral cavity where dental professionals work. Dentistry is a highly specialized field focusing on preserving the health of dentition and its supporting and surrounding structures. Thus, “teeth” and “mouth” related anatomical terms must be very specialized for dentistry. Many of the terms highlighted were clinical dental or alveolar‐related terms that were not clearly established in the general anatomical terminology. The authors hope the evidence‐based anatomical terminology in dentistry developed by a consortium of experts will be generally accepted worldwide and ultimately bridge the fields of anatomy and clinical dentistry.

Detection of the Correlation between Glenoid Fossa and Mandibular Condyle in Closed and Opened Mouth Position by MRI

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2025

Aims: This study aims to determine the links between the temporomandibular joint's parts using an MRI scanner. Methods and Material: 18 patients (16-45 years old; 10 females, 8 men) were chosen who had no symptoms in either temporomandibular joint. Each patient had a two-axis sequential T1 interfacial non-magnetic single-weighted image taken while having their mouths closed and in the appropriate posture for maximum opening. A 1.5 Tesla MR scanner was used to perform an MRI scan. Condyle-head, glenoid-fossa shape, articular-stoma, and post-glenoid process were traced for each MRI in positions both closed and open. The data were statistically examined using the Student's t-test to compare measures of the right and left glenoid fossa depth, condyle position, and angle in both gender. Results: Results revealed no remarkable changes in deepness (mm) of the glenoid fossa (8±0.27), the β-angle (mm) at which a male's and a female's right and left sides articular surfaces are inclined (50±1.4), and condyle location (mm) in open mouth (6.9±0.2). In contrast to females, however, males had a larger value for the glenoid fossa depth (8 mm versus 7.9 mm), and they found a correlation between articular thickness tendency and the position of the condyle in the open mouth and the depth of glenoid-fossa. Conclusions: The deepness of the glenoid-fossa, the position of the condylar head in the open mouth, or any other characteristic did not differ noticeably between the right and left sides of males or females, or the regression of the articular thickness (angle). With MRI equipment, the same analysis technique utilized in traditional radiography can be applied with success.

Artificial Intelligence in Dentistry: A Narrative Review of Diagnostic and Therapeutic Applications

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2025
MED SCI MONITOR

Advancements in digital and precision medicine have fostered the rapid development of artificial intelligence (AI) applications, including machine learning, artificial neural networks (ANN), and deep learning, within the field of dentistry, particularly in imaging diagnosis and treatment. This review examines the progress of AI across various domains of dentistry, focusing on its role in enhancing diagnostics and optimizing treatment for oral diseases such as endodontic disease, periodontal disease, oral implantology, orthodontics, prosthodontic treatment, and oral and maxillofacial surgery. Additionally, it discusses the emerging opportunities and challenges associated with these technologies. The findings indicate that AI can be effectively utilized in numerous aspects of oral healthcare, including prevention, early screening, accurate diagnosis, treatment plan design assistance, treatment execution, follow-up monitoring, and prognosis assessment. However, notable challenges persist, including issues related to inaccurate data annotation, limited capability for fine-grained feature expression, a lack of universally applicable models, potential biases in learning algorithms, and legal risks pertaining to medical malpractice and data privacy breaches. Looking forward, future research is expected to concentrate on overcoming these challenges to enhance the accuracy and applicability of AI in diagnosing and treating oral diseases. This review aims to provide a comprehensive overview of the current state of AI in dentistry and to identify pathways for its effective integration into clinical practice.

Acquiring a Comprehensive Awareness of the Current Insights on Pediatric Oral and Maxillofacial Malignancies

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2025

Orofacial tumors constitute a heterogeneous collection of pathological conditions characterized by distinct types of histology and clinical behaviors. Numerous accounts of craniofacial tumors in kids and young adults are being recorded globally. Within the pediatric population, leukemia, lymphoma, and nervous system tumors are the most common forms of pediatric cancer in developing nations; yet, when concentrating on specific anatomical regions, such as the head and neck, the incidence of malignant tumors is comparatively low. Additionally, the occurrence of oral and maxillofacial malignancy in pediatric populations is rare, varying from roughly 0.5 to 6%. The authors of this article conducted a comprehensive retrospective review of various cases and studies concerning oral and maxillofacial malignancies in the pediatric population, utilizing electronic databases, such as PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar to identify pertinent articles. We performed a narrative review on the current aspects and therapeutic procedures related to the four most prevalent oral and maxillofacial malignancies: Burkitt’s lymphoma, mucoepidermoid carcinoma, rhabdomyosarcoma, and osteosarcoma.

Odontogenic sinusitis due to radix perforation into the maxillary sinus on CBCT radiograph: a case report

Article

Full-text available

Jan 2025

Objectives: The purpose of this article was to provide an overview and examination guide in identifying odontogenic sinusitis due to radix perforation into the maxillary sinus by dental action or iatrogenic in dentistry using the CBCT modality. Case Report: A 33-year-old female patient presented to the Radiology Installation of RSGM Andalas University with a referral for CBCT, following a diagnosis of odontogenic sinusitis. According to the patient’s medical history, she had been experiencing headache and dizziness for five months after a tooth extraction. The CBCT scan revealed remnants of a tooth root (radix) perforating into the right maxillary sinus, surrounded by a radiopaque intermediate area. Sinus perforation is a known occurrence in dentistry, and it requires thorough diagnostic imaging for proper evaluation. The tooth root remnants are typically located in the premolar and molar regions, near the base or medial wall of the sinus. The size of the tooth fragments within the sinus can be precisely measured, and the relationship of the remaining fragments to the maxillary sinus anatomy can be clearly defined. This detailed information enables clinicians to assess the extent of the lesion and its impact on surrounding structures, allowing for the development of an appropriate treatment plan for the patient. Conclusion: CBCT is a very adequate modality for supporting the examination of cases of residual tooth roots perforated to the sinuses because it can provide detailed information about the position, size, and relationship with the surrounding anatomy.

A Refined Approach to Segmenting and Quantifying Inter-Fracture Spaces in Facial Bone CT Imaging

Article

Full-text available

Feb 2025

The human facial bone is made up of many complex structures, which makes it challenging to accurately analyze fractures. To address this, we developed advanced image analysis software which segments and quantifies spaces between fractured bones in facial CT images at the pixel level. This study used 3D CT scans from 1766 patients who had facial bone fractures at a university hospital between 2014 and 2020. Our solution included a segmentation model which focuses on identifying the gaps created by facial bone fractures. However, training this model required costly pixel-level annotations. To overcome this, we used a stepwise annotation approach. First, clinical specialists marked the bounding boxes of fracture areas. Next, trained specialists created the initial pixel-level unrefined ground truth by referencing the bounding boxes. Finally, we created a refined ground truth to correct human errors, which helped improve the segmentation accuracy. Radiomics feature analysis confirmed that the refined dataset had more consistent patterns compared with the unrefined dataset, showing improved reliability. The segmentation model showed significant improvement in the Dice similarity coefficient, increasing from 0.33 with the unrefined ground truth to 0.67 with the refined ground truth. This research introduced a new method for segmenting spaces between fractured bones, allowing for precise pixel-level identification of fracture regions. The model also helped with quantitative severity assessment and enabled the creation of 3D volume renderings, which can be used in clinical settings to develop more accurate treatment plans and improve outcomes for patients with facial bone fractures.

Fusion of permanent maxillary incisors of archaeological origin: A case report from late medieval Croatia

Article

Jun 2025
ARCH ORAL BIOL

IMPACTION OF PERMANENT CANINES DUE TO PERSISTENCE OF PRIMARY TEETH ON DIFFERENT RADIOGRAPHIC IMAGES: CASE REPORT

Article

Full-text available

May 2025

Ratna Trisusanti

24-year-old male patient came to the Unjani Teaching Dental and Oral Hospital complaining of a disturbing residual root of the upper right front tooth and wanted to be extracted. Still, when a periapical radiograph was taken, it was found that the residual root of the tooth was a primary tooth that had not yet fallen out because there was a radiopaque picture resembling the impaction of a permanent canine tooth at the apex of the tooth. The patient never felt pain, and the complaint had never been treated before, so the patient wanted treatment to eliminate the complaint. Further supporting examination is needed, such as an occlusal radiography examination, which plays an important role in seeing the position of impaction of permanent canines in the upper and lower jaws and serves as a basis for determining the treatment plan to be carried out. This case report aims to describe the eruption disorder in the form of impaction of maxillary permanent canines due to the persistence of residual roots of primary teeth and to see in detail the position of the impaction from radiographic images of occlusal photos in the upper jaw.This case shows that the persistence of primary teeth can cause abnormalities in the direction of growth of permanent teeth into tooth impaction abnormalities found from radiographic images.

Classification of mandibular fractures from panoramic radiographs using deep learning

Article

Apr 2025
MULTIMED TOOLS APPL

Mandibular fractures are one of the most common injuries stemming from traumatic incidents. Proper and prompt diagnosis is vital to prevent permanent functional impairment and life-threatening complications. This study aims to develop an automated diagnostic tool to assist clinicians, using the latest deep learning architecture for the automatic detection and region-based classification of mandibular fractures. The deep learning architectures YOLOv8-seg and YOLOv8-cls were trained on a dataset of 330 and validated on 84 panoramic radiographs, also consisting of the less studied pediatric population. Our approach displayed a superior performance with an F1 score of 86%, surpassing the existing methods used for classifying mandibular fractures using panoramic radiographs. Furthermore, our proposed framework also effectively categorizes radiographs with plating/arch bars and mixed/permanent dentition, offering valuable support to healthcare professionals in the detection and classification of typical mandibular fractures.

Assessing Dental Student Knowledge of Panoramic Radiographs and Importance of Normal Anatomy Education

Preprint

Full-text available

Jan 2025

Background This study aimed to investigate dental students’ knowledge of normal anatomical structures and their competency in diagnosing jaw lesions using panoramic radiographs, as well as to compare diagnostic accuracy among three groups with different levels of anatomical knowledge. Methods A computer-based test, consisting of 50 panoramic images (10 depicting normal anatomical structures and 40 showing jaw lesions), was conducted on November 8, 2023, at Yonsei Dental University. The 40 jaw lesions were classified into four categories: cysts, benign tumors, inflammation or malignancy, and other bone lesions. The mean score for the 10 anatomical structure questions and the mean accuracy rate for diagnosing the 40 jaw lesions were calculated. Based on their scores on the anatomical structure questions, 125 students were divided into three groups (upper, middle, and lower). The accuracy rates for diagnosing jaw lesions among these groups were statistically analyzed using the Kruskal-Wallis test (P = 0.05). Results Among all students, the mean score for normal anatomical structures was 5.99 out of 10, and the mean accuracy rate for diagnosing jaw lesions was 44.8%. In the analysis of jaw lesions, the four categories exhibited significant differences in accuracy rates: cysts (53.8%), benign tumors (47.7%), inflammation or malignancy (45.0%), and other bone lesions (32.7%). The three groups based on anatomical structure scores showed significantly different accuracy rates for diagnosing jaw lesions (p < 0.05). The upper group, with the highest anatomical structure scores, achieved an accuracy rate of 54.5%, outperforming the other groups. Conclusions Knowledge of anatomical structures enhances the ability to diagnose jaw lesions using panoramic radiographs. These findings underscore the importance of anatomical education in dental curricula to improve diagnostic accuracy.

Expert consensus on imaging diagnosis and analysis of early correction of childhood malocclusion

Article

Full-text available

Apr 2025

Early correction of childhood malocclusion is timely managing morphological, structural, and functional abnormalities at different dentomaxillofacial developmental stages. The selection of appropriate imaging examination and comprehensive radiological diagnosis and analysis play an important role in early correction of childhood malocclusion. This expert consensus is a collaborative effort by multidisciplinary experts in dentistry across the nation based on the current clinical evidence, aiming to provide general guidance on appropriate imaging examination selection, comprehensive and accurate imaging assessment for early orthodontic treatment patients.

Advanced YOLOv7-Based Detection and Enumeration of Teeth and Restorations in Panoramic X-Rays

Conference Paper

Sep 2024

Cyst of the jaws

Article

Mar 2025

Investigating the effectiveness of MAR algorithm on magnitude of artifacts in CBCT images: a systematic review

Article

Mar 2025
Oral Radiol

There has been an increasing interest in the use of implants to treat edentulous patients. In this regard, the use of cone beam computed tomography (CBCT) offers a variety of advantages compared with other imaging methods. However, the creation of beam-hardening artifacts adversely affects the quality of images. To our knowledge, little is known about the actual effectiveness of the Metal Artifact Reduction (MAR) algorithm on image quality improvement. The objective of this study is to conduct a systematic review to investigate the effectiveness of the MAR algorithm on the magnitude of artifacts generated in CBCT images. An electronic search was performed in electronic databases, including PubMed, Scopus, Web of Science, and Google Scholar. For each database, the search strategy was defined specifically. Studies that had the inclusion criteria for this review were imported into Endnote version 20. The risk of bias in the studies included in this systematic review was assessed by two independent reviewers based on the Joanna Briggs Institute (JBI)’s Critical Appraisal checklist. The selected final articles were scored based on the specified checklist. After reviewing selected articles, it was not possible to perform a meta-analysis due to the heterogeneity and multiplicity of the variables, and the studies were included in the systematic review. A total of 4738 studies were identified. After eliminating duplicate and unrelated articles, 10 articles met the inclusion criteria. Results showed that the use of the MAR algorithm in the preparation of CBCT scans reduces the standard deviation (SD) of gray values. However, no definite result was achieved in relation to the contrast-to-noise ratio (CNR). In fact, it cannot be definitively concluded whether the use of the MAR algorithm will increase the CNR. The results of this systematic review demonstrated that we cannot provide a definite answer regarding the effect of the MAR algorithm on reducing the artifacts around dental implants. The explanation is that this factor is affected by many variables, whose change can have a significant effect on the magnitude of artifacts generated in the image.

The effect of clear aligner and fixed orthodontic treatment on the development of pulp stones: a retrospective observational study

Article

Mar 2025
ANGLE ORTHOD

Objectives To report the prevalence of pulp stones (PSs) in molars of orthodontically treated patients, investigate the impact of orthodontic treatment (ORT) using clear aligners (CAs) and fixed appliances (FAs) on the development of PSs in molars, and investigate the association between the incidence of PSs during ORT and the studied variables. Materials and Methods Pretreatment orthopantomograms (OPGs) of 600 patients were assessed. Of those, posttreatment OPGs of 272 patients were available. Molars were subdivided into four subgroups based on type of appliance and force application: group 1, first molars included in FA (n = 707); group 2, first molars included in CA (n = 157); group 3, second molars included in CA (n = 189); group 4, second molars not included in FA during treatment (n = 880). PSs were diagnosed when radiopaque bodies were detected in the coronal and/or radicular pulp space. PS changes after treatment were recorded and analyzed using SPSS. Results The prevalence of PSs was 16.6%. The overall incidence of PSs increased by 5.9% and 4.5% in groups 1 and 2, and by 3.7% and 5.3% in groups 3 and 4, respectively (P ≤ .05). No significant differences were found between appliance type groups (1 and 2) and force application groups (3 and 4). The association between PS development and the type of appliance or treatment duration was not significant. Conclusions The incidence of PSs increased during ORT, which was more pronounced in maxillary molars. PS development during ORT was not associated with orthodontic appliance type, force application, and duration of ORT.

Correlación entre la edad cronológica y maduración de vértebras cervicales en pacientes que recibirán tratamiento ortodóntico

Article

Full-text available

May 2024

Faride Cornejo Pinto

Objetivo: El presente estudio de investigación tiene como finalidad correlacionar la estimación de la edad cronológica y maduración de las vértebras cervicales (MVC) en pacientes que recibirán tratamiento de ortodoncia. Materiales y Métodos: Se evaluaron 116 radiografías cefalométricas laterales de pacientes entre 6 a 16 años que recibirán tratamiento de ortodoncia; se recopiló los datos mediante el uso de una ficha de observación donde se identificó la edad cronológica y la MVC según método de Baccetti. Resultados: El 30.2% de pacientes estuvo en el grupo de 10 a 11.9 años; así mismo el 50.9% fue del sexo masculino y el 49.2% del sexo femenino. El 37.1% se encontró en estadio IV y V relacionado con el pico de crecimiento mandibular y siendo etapas ideales para la aplicación de tratamientos de ortodoncia. La relación entre el estadio de maduración y edad cronológica tuvo un valor de p* de 0.004; siendo una relación significativa. Conclusiones: Existe correlación significativa entre la estimación de la edad cronológica y MVC mediante el método de Baccetti; siendo este método fiable en la identificación del momento del pico de crecimiento en este tipo de población estudiada.

DESIGN & DEVELOPMENT OF DIFFERENTIAL DIAGNOSIS SOFTWARE FOR SALIVARY GLANDS DISEASE AND COMPARISON WITH CLINICIAN'S RESULTS

Article

Full-text available

Dec 2024

Dr.Seyedeh Saba Sepehr

Introduction: Due to increase of population, increasing number of less-experienced dentists more associated information and consequent updates of such information; the need for design of information processing systems to help in better diagnosis of patients with oral disorders becomes more evident. Among other factors, some factors such as age, clinical symptoms, location and shape of lesion could influence the decision to treat salivary gland disorders and determine of their possibility. Up to now, there is no software for differential diagnosis of salivary gland diseases. Objectives: The objective of present study is to design and develop a software so as to help to differential diagnosis of salivary gland diseases and determine the accuracy and effectiveness of its results. Methods: Software based on Bayes' theorem was designed with the help of editor application into which the information of 60 salivary gland diseases was inserted. Then, the information of 40reports of salivary gland diseases was added to the software. In the next stage, the information of the chosen cases given to two expert clinicians so as to develop a differential diagnosis. The result was analyzed using menemar and Wilcoxon test. Results: The results were compared with results of the reports. Almost 60 percent of generated answers by the software and two clinicians included absolute diagnosis of statistically insignificant difference (P-value=0.96). Conclusion: The results showed the acceptable performance of the software. Although the software cannot act instead of a clinician due to the fact that the software user should be quite familiar with salivary gland diseases and methods of examination, this software can be used to help the clinicians in differential diagnosis and training objectives.

IMAGING ANALYSIS OF PERIODONTAL STATUS IN A GROUP OF PATIENTS WITH OSTEOPOROSIS

Article

Dec 2024

Osteoporosis, a systemic disorder characterized by reduced bone density and microarchitectural deterioration, significantly affects bone health, including the mandibular and periodontal structures. This study aimed to evaluate the relationship between osteoporosis and periodontal pathology using imaging techniques in patients diagnosed with osteoporosis. Material and methods: The retrospective, descriptive study included 63 patients diagnosed with osteoporosis and other systemic conditions. Periodontal status was assessed clinically and paraclinically using the EGOHID evaluation system, while bone density was evaluated radiographically using indices such as the Mandibular Cortical Index (MCI), Mental Index (MI), Panoramic Mandibular Index (PMI), and Mandibular Cortical Width (MCW). Results: Results revealed significant periodontal involvement, with 42.9% of patients exhibiting moderate chronic marginal periodontitis and 46% severe periodontitis, more pronounced in the maxillary arch than the mandibular. Radiographic evaluation demonstrated that 58.7% of patients with osteoporosis had a slightly eroded mandibular cortex (C2), while 34.9% showed severe erosion (C3). The average cortical thickness (MCW) was significantly reduced in osteoporotic patients compared to non-osteoporotic individuals, highlighting its potential as a screening indicator. Conclusions: Osteoporosis is strongly associated with significant periodontal alterations and mandibular cortical resorption. These findings underline the importance of integrating bone health assessments into periodontal evaluations, emphasizing the role of imaging as a non-invasive screening tool for osteoporosis.

Influence of a handheld X‑ray unit in the diagnosis of proximal caries lesions using different digital systems

Article

Jan 2025
Oral Radiol

Objectives: To assess the infuence of a handheld X-ray unit in the diagnosis of proximal caries lesions using diferent digital systems by comparing with a wall mounted unit. Methods: Radiographs of 40 human teeth were acquired using the Eagle X-ray handheld unit (Alliage, São Paulo, Brazil) set at 2.5 mA, 60 kVp and an exposure time of 0.45 s. Then, new radiographs of the teeth were acquired using the Focus X-ray wall-mounted unit (Instrumentarium, Tuusula, Finland) set at 7 mA, 60 kVp, and exposure time of 0.16 s. Three digital systems were used: a photostimulable phosphor plate receptor (Express system) and two complementary metal oxide semiconductor sensors (Digora Toto and SnapShot systems). Five oral and maxillofacial radiologists individually assessed the radiographs. Area under the receiver-operating characteristic curve (AUC), sensitivity, and specifcity were calculated from the responses of the examiners and compared using Analysis of Variance at a signifcance level of 5%. The weighted Kappa index evaluated the intra- and inter-examiner agreements for caries lesions diagnosis. Results: The handheld X-ray unit did not infuence on the diagnostic metrics for the three digital systems used when compared with the wall-mounted unit (p>0.05). The SnapShot showed higher AUC value than Digora Toto (p<0.05). The mean values of intra- and inter-examiner agreements were 0.654 (substantial) and 0.365 (fair), respectively. Conclusions: The diagnostic accuracy for detecting proximal caries lesions is not infuenced by the use of a handheld X-ray unit, regardless of the digital system used.

Stratégie des explorations en imagerie maxillofaciale

Article

Jan 2004

Oral Radiology: Principles and Interpretation

No full-text available

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