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... Statistical data analyses were carried out using SPSS Statistics [40]. Descriptive statistics for the mean correct responses to the presented bars in the acquisition phase were calculated. ...
... All statistical data analyses were carried out using SPSS Statistics Version 23 [40]. As in study 1, we calculated a hierarchical multiple linear regression analyses, this time with the mean bias score (ranging between −1 for a complete negative bias and 1 for a complete positive bias) calculated from the forced choice answers as dependent variable. ...
A negative interpretation bias appears to depend on several depression-related state and trait characteristics, most notably depressive symptoms, negative mood, and negative cognitive schemas. While empirical findings for explicitly assessed interpretation bias are rather consistent, implicit measures have revealed heterogeneous results. In this context, we present two studies investigating the relationship between implicit and explicit interpretation bias and depression- and anxiety-related state and trait variables. In the first study, we conducted an implicit ambiguous cue-conditioning task (ACCT) with 113 young, healthy individuals. In the second study, we utilized an explicit ambiguous social situations task (DUCTUS) with 113 young, healthy individuals. Additionally, a subsample of 46 participants completed both the ACCT and DUCTUS tasks to directly relate the two bias scores obtained from the implicit and explicit assessment methods, respectively. In the first study, regression analysis revealed no significant predictors for the implicit interpretation bias. However, in the second study, the explicit negative interpretation bias was significantly predicted by female gender, depressive symptoms, and dysfunctional cognitive schemas. For the subsample that completed both tasks, we observed no significant correlation between the two bias scores obtained from the ACCT and DUCTUS. These results suggest that implicit and explicit interpretation biases are differently associated with depression-related trait and state characteristics, indicating that they represent different aspects of biased information processing.
... Among the multiple comparison tests, the Bonferroni correction test was employed. The multivariate normality test was carried out with only JASP due to its capability to perform multivariate normality analysis (JASP Team, 2019), and all the other analyses were performed with SPSS 22 (IBM Corp, 2013). Partial η 2 was reported in the analyses and the significance level was established as .05. ...
... Od testova za višestruku komparaciju, korišten je Bonferronijev test korekcije. Test multivarijantne normalnosti proveden je pomoću JASP-a zato što se pomoću njega može provesti analiza multivarijatne normalnosti (JASP tim, 2019), a sve druge analize provedene su pomoću SPSS 22 (IBM Corp, 2013). U analizama je uočen parcijalni η 2 te je izračunata njegova razina značajnosti od 0,05. ...
In this study, it is aimed to investigate the individual and interactive impact of the number of children's books at home and the educational background of parents on the Skill of Phonological Awareness and Alphabet Knowledge, which have a critical influence on the reading skills of children in the preschool period. This study examines the variables Family and Reading Skills in a sample composed of 149 children and their parents in a locality in the capital of Turkey. The Literacy Skills Survey Test (LSST) to assess Phonological Awareness and Alphabet Knowledge skills and the general information form to establish the number of children's books and parents' education levels were employed. The between-group differences and interactions were analyzed with multivariate analysis of variance (MANOVA). The analysis of the number of books and education level revealed a significant difference only in Phonological Awareness. No interaction effect on alphabet knowledge was identified. However, the main effects of the Number of books and Education level variables on Alphabet Knowledge were significant. The group of parents with a university degree with a small number of books accounted for the difference in Phonological Awareness and had the highest Phonological Awareness points. The combination of the Parents' education level and the Number of children's books at home variables can affect Phonological Awareness. These variables also have personal effects on Alphabet Knowledge. However, what renders the number of books more effective in Phonological Awareness is the parents' education level.
... All statistical tests were two-sided, with the level of signi cance set at p < 0.05, and were performed with the IBM SPSS Statistics 24.00 operating system [20]. ...
Objectives
Evaluate the relationship between psychological distress, namely anxiety and depression, with urinary continence and recovery of erectile function in patients undergoing radical prostatectomy (RP).
Methods
We retrospectively analyzed data from 33 consecutive patients who underwent RP in a single tertiary-referral academy between 01/2018 to 01/2019. We used the International Index of Erectile Function (IIEF-15), the Sexual Complaints Screener for Men (SCS-M), and the Hospital Anxiety and Depression Scale (HADS), validated questionnaires for the assessment of sexual function, anxiety, and depression experiences, respectively. These questionnaires were administered at the pre-surgical visit, after surgery, and at intermediate follow-ups (three, six, and twelve months).
Results
The analysis of the questionnaires completed during follow-up shows that erectile function is the most affected, with 90% erectile dysfunction (ED) at three months after surgery. In terms of emotional states, anxiety prevails in the first months following surgery and is statistically significantly associated with incontinence (p = 0.02). Depressive symptoms, on the other hand, appear later and prevail over anxiety at six months after surgery, although not statistically significant.
Conclusions
In the early post-surgical phase anxiety and ED are the most frequently detected components, while depressive experiences and decreased desire, typical of later stages, have not yet fully emerged.
... Planned statistical analyses will primarily be carried out in the R language ecosystem [71] within the RStudio IDE [72], however, MPlus [73], STATA [74], and SPSS [75] may also be utilized. Data collection will be conducted primarily using platforms such as KoBoToolbox [66] and Qualtrics [76]. ...
Background
Local humanitarian workers in low and middle-income countries must often contend with potentially morally injurious situations, often with limited resources. This creates barriers to providing sustainable mental health and psychosocial support (MHPSS) to displaced individuals. Clinical supervision is an often neglected part of ensuring high-quality, sustainable care. The Caring for Carers (C4C) project aims to test the effectiveness and acceptability of online group-based supportive supervision on the well-being of MHPSS practitioners, as well as service-user-reported service satisfaction and quality when working with displaced communities in Türkiye, Syria, and Bangladesh. This protocol paper describes the aim, design, and methodology of the C4C project.
Method
A quasi-experimental, mixed-method, community-based participatory research study will be conducted to test the effectiveness of online group-based supportive clinical supervision provided to 50 Syrian and 50 Bangladeshi MHPSS practitioners working with Syrian and Rohingya displaced communities. Monthly data will be collected from the practitioners and their beneficiaries during the active control (six months) and supervision period (16 months over two terms). Outcomes are psychological distress (Kessler-6), burnout (the Copenhagen Burnout Inventory), compassion fatigue, compassion satisfaction, and secondary traumatic stress (Professional Quality of Life Scale), perceived injustice, clinical self-efficacy (Counseling Activity Self-Efficacy Scale), service satisfaction, and quality (Client Satisfaction Questionnaire and an 18-item measure developed in this project). A realist evaluation framework will be used to elucidate the contextual factors, mechanisms, and outcomes of the supervision intervention.
Discussion
There is a scarcity of evidence on the role of clinical supervision in improving the well-being of MHPSS practitioners and the quality of service they provide to displaced people. By combining qualitative and quantitative data collection, the C4C project will address the long-standing question of the effectiveness and acceptability of clinical supervision in humanitarian settings.
... Data were collated for analysis using SPSS version 29 [53] and duplicate entries from the same participants were removed except for those used for the purposes of assessing test-retest reliability. Descriptive statistics were calculated for all BRAMS subscale raw scores for both the right now and past week response time frames. ...
Regular assessment of mood is used in Brazil for a wide variety of purposes, including screening athletes to provide an indicator of psychological wellbeing and risk of mental health issues. The present study tested the psychometric characteristics of the Brazil Mood Scale (BRAMS) using both “right now” and “past week” response time frames and investigated between-group differences in mood based on athlete sex, age, and social vulnerability. Participants were 898 athletes (511 male, 387 female, age range: 12–44 years) from eight sports. Structural equation modelling supported the BRAMS measurement model using both response time frames independently and in a multi-sample analysis. Subscale reliability was supported for both time frames. Fatigue, depression, and tension scores were higher using the past week time frame than the right now time frame. Males reported higher vigor scores than females, and younger participants (<18 years) reported lower scores for anger and depression than older participants (18+ years). No significant between-group differences emerged for social vulnerability. Findings supported the psychometric integrity of the BRAMS and its use as a screening measure for psychological wellbeing among youth and elite athletes in Brazil.
... Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS (version 25.0; IBM Corporation, Armonk, NY, USA) [12], and p-values < 0.05 were considered statistically significant. Outliers were defined as values above or below 1.5 × IQR (the interquartile range) of the 1st to 3rd quartile for each variable and excluded before analysis. ...
Bedside peripherally inserted central catheter (PICC) placement is sometimes required when the patient’s intrahospital transport is restricted, and the ideal catheter length prediction is needed. This study aimed to develop an updated formula that predicts the optimal length of a PICC based on anteroposterior chest radiographs (AP-CXRs). This retrospective study collected PICC procedure data as the training and validation sets in three hospitals, including cubital crease-puncture point distance (CP), the actual PICC length (aCL), and the approach side. Horizontal and vertical measurement variables were set on the AP-CXRs. Two dependent variables were ipsilateral upper arm length (AL) and ideal truncal catheter length (iTCL). Simple and multiple regression analyses were used for formula development, and it was applied to the test set to evaluate the length prediction performance. The study included 309 patients in the training and validation sets and 91 intensive care patients in the test set. The final derived formula was: (AL + iTCL = CP + estimated PICC length, cm) = 19.831 − 0.062 × (contralateral clavicle length, cm) + 0.255 × (2nd ribs horizontal distance, cm) + 0.720 × (humero-vertebral distance, cm) + 0.761 × (thoraco-carinal distance, cm) + 1.024 × (the vertical distance of two vertebral body units, cm). (If approaching from the left, add 2.843cm, and if female, subtract 0.821cm.) In the test set, there was no case of length prediction failure. Moreover, the catheter tip position was evaluated as optimal in 82 cases (90.1%). This study’s results suggest an updated formula to predict the ideal PICC length using only AP-CXRs for bedside placement.
... Quantitative data analysis was performed using SPSS Statistics software for Windows version 28 [40] and Microsoft Excel software. Descriptive statistics were used whereby measures of central tendencies (mean, mode 16:149 and range) were determined. ...
Background
The popular use of herbal medicines necessitates national regulatory authorities to have efficient mechanisms for the control of these products including marketing authorization (MA) and safety follow-up. Herbal medicines like conventional medicines require assessment of efficacy, safety and quality information before MA can be granted. However, the complete proof of safety is mainly based on the history of the long-term traditional use. Herbal medicines can cause adverse reactions due to various factors and thus require clinical trials to ensure their safety. Herbal medicines treatment practices involve combinations of different plants to achieve the desired effect while multiple herbal components have been known to cause herbal–herbal toxicity and interactions due to variety of complex active ingredients in plants. Compliance with regulatory requirements on herbal medicines has been shown to be difficult for manufacturers since different countries have different regulatory requirements with wide variations which results in the MA of very few herbal medicines. Limited studies on dossiers of marketing authorization of herbal medicines have been performed in other countries, with no studies in African regulatory system settings. The aim of this study is to determine the type of safety documentation that is submitted on herbal medicines application dossiers to support MA in Tanzania.
Methods
A cross-sectional retrospective study of herbal medicines dossiers submitted at the Tanzania Medicines and Medical Devices Authority from 2009 to 2020 was conducted.
Results
As many as 75% of the herbal products applications were combination products made by more than one herbal substance or plant. Out of 84 dossiers subjected to analysis the majority did not provide evidence of preclinical (55%) and clinical safety data (68%). Evidence of safety data in humans was mostly from the literature (70%) and not manufacturers’ clinical studies. Quality parameters with safety implications were not included in 48% and 23% of the active herbal substance and finished product specifications, respectively.
Conclusion
Analysis of the herbal medicine dossiers submitted showed major deficiencies of safety data to support MA. Manufactures need to provide evidence to support the safety of their products for evidence-based regulatory decisions and to avoid multiple reviews of the applications.
... Subsequently, the Pearson correlation analyzes were performed at 5% probability and the correlation matrix was assembled for the combinations, two by two, between the attributes using the SPSS 21 software (IBM Corp. 2021). In addition, the regression analysis was performed between global erodibility and variables that were corrected. ...
Amazonian soils have been suffering severe changes resulting from human activities in the region, causing significant changes in soil attributes that can contribute to greater susceptibility to erosion processes. Therefore, the present work aimed to estimate the erodibility in natural and anthropic environments in the southern region of the Amazon. Eight areas in the region were selected, including areas of native forest, savannah, cerradão, pasture and reforestation, delimiting 32 sampling points per area, with collections at a depth of 0.00-0.20 m, totaling 256 samples. Next, texture analysis and quantification of soil organic carbon were performed, and then erodibility was estimated by indirect prediction methods, Tukey’s test, Pearson’s correlation and factorial analysis of principal components. According to the results obtained, it was observed that the evaluated areas of native forest 1 and 2, cerradão and pasture present high susceptibility to erosion in relation to the cerrado, reforestation with genipap, teak and mixed areas. Therefore, it was noted that the high level of erodibility is associated with a greater predominance of sand fraction, K factor, Ki Kr and low clay content, as well as with the management employed in the areas.
Key words
soil attributes; erosive process; soil management; amazonian soils
... The survey was available for one month (March -April 2020), and participants were asked to provide consent prior to starting the survey. All quantitative data was analysed using SPSS Version 25 14 , with MCSS-26 scores calculated in accordance to the tools manual 13 . Both descriptive (mean, standard deviation and range) and comparative (Chi-square, t-tests and one way ANOVAs) were employed to interpret the data, along with the previously established threshold for effective clinical supervision 13 . ...
Objective: The aim of this study was to describe the effectiveness and quality of clinical supervision for Allied Health clinicians across nine disciplines, from the perspective of supervisees and supervisors. In a metropolitan public health service.
Methods: Cross-sectional, quantitative descriptive design utilising online survey data collection via the MCSS-26 (previously known as the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale). The survey was distributed online, and all responses were anonymous. Descriptive and comparative analyses were undertaken to interpret the data.
Results: A total of 164 allied health and community services health clinicians responded, demonstrating a response rate of 36%. The majority of participants were female, in Grade 2 positions, and received clinical supervision monthly. Patient-related issues were discussed most frequently during these sessions. The delivery of most clinical supervision continues to utilise traditional one-to-one formats, although some professions (such as physiotherapy, occupational therapy, and nursing) experimented with alternative models. While total scores suggested the participants experienced effective supervision, there was significant variation across disciplines and grades. Moderate to strong correlations were also found between MCSS-26 subscale and total scores and overall satisfaction with clinical supervision.
Conclusion: These findings emphasise the importance of tailored approaches to clinical supervision, considering the varied needs and perceptions of different individuals, professions and grade levels.
... Statistical analyses were performed using SPSS version 22.0 (SPSS Inc., Chicago, Illinois, USA) [49] and SAS 9.4. (SAS Institute, Cary NC) [50]. ...
Adult attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (aADHD) represents a heterogeneous entity incorporating different subgroups in terms of symptomatology, course, and neurocognition. Although neurocognitive dysfunction is generally associated with aADHD, its severity, association with self-reported symptoms, and differences between subtypes remain unclear. We investigated 61 outpatients (65.6% male, mean age 31.5 ± 9.5) diagnosed using DSM-5 criteria together with age-, sex-, and education-matched healthy controls (HC) (n = 58, 63.8% male, mean age 32.3 ± 9.6). Neurocognitive alterations were assessed using the Cambridge Neuropsychological Test Automated Battery (CANTAB) and compared between groups using the generalized linear model (GLM) method. Multivariate effects were tested by principal component analysis combined with multivariate pattern analysis. Self-reported symptom severity was tested for correlations with neurocognitive performance. GLM analyses revealed nominally significant differences between the aADHD and HC groups in several domains, however, only the Rapid Visual Information Processing measures survived correction, indicating impaired sustained attention and response inhibition in the aADHD group. Comparison of the predominantly inattentive and the hyperactive-impulsive/combined subtypes yielded nominally significant differences with higher levels of dysfunction in the inattentive group. In the stepwise discriminant analysis aADHD and HC groups were best separated with 2 factors representing sustained attention and reaction time. We found only weak correlations between symptom severity and CANTAB factors. aADHD patients are neuropsychologically heterogeneous and subtypes show different neurocognitive profiles. Differences between the aADHD and HC groups were driven primarily by the inattentive subtype. Sustained attention and its factor derivative showed the most significant alterations in aADHD patients.
... Analysis was conducted in SPSS, Version 27. 22 We created binary and multinominal variables for parent demographics (presented in table 1). ...
Objectives
To prevent the spread of infectious disease, children are typically asked not to attend school, clubs or other activities, or socialise with others while they have specific symptoms. Despite this, many children continue to participate in these activities while symptomatic.
Design and setting
We commissioned a national cross-sectional survey with data collected between 19 November and 18 December 2021.
Participants
Eligible parents (n=941) were between 18 and 75 years of age, lived in the UK and had at least one child aged between 4 and 17 years. Parents were recruited from a pre-existing pool of potential respondents who had already expressed an interest in receiving market research surveys.
Outcome measures
Parents were asked whether their children had exhibited either recent vomiting, diarrhoea, high temperature/fever, a new continuous cough, a loss or change to their sense of taste or smell in the absence of a negative (PCR) COVID-19 test (‘stay-at-home symptoms’) since September 2021 and whether they attended school, engaged in other activities outside the home or socialised with members of another household while symptomatic (‘non-adherent’). We also measured parent’s demographics and attitudes about illness.
Results
One-third (33%, n=84/251, 95% CI: 28% to 39%) of children were ‘non-adherent’ in that they had attended activities outside the home or socialised when they had stay-at-home symptoms. Children were significantly more likely to be non-adherent when parents were aged 45 and younger; they allowed their children to make their own decisions about school attendance; they agreed that their child should go to school if they took over-the-counter medication; or they believed that children should go to school if they have mild symptoms of illness.
Conclusion
To reduce the risk of spreading disease, parents and teenagers need guidance to help them make informed decisions about engaging in activities and socialising with others while unwell.
... The data was evaluated and processed using IBM SPSS statistics for Windows, version 20 [26], and the findings were displayed as the mean value ± SD (standard deviation). To evaluate the statistical significance of qualitative variables, the Chi-square test (χ 2 ) was employed. ...
Background:
Malaria infection during pregnancy presents a substantial health threat, adversely impacting both the mother and fetus. Its pathogenesis and clinical consequences further complicate diagnosis, treatment, and prevention, particularly in endemic regions. The precise impact of malaria infection on hematological profiles needs to be clearly elucidated, and the occurrence of malaria in expectant mothers still needs to be explored. Consequently, this study aims to assess the prevalence of malaria infection among pregnant women as well as to investigate and correlate the effects of this infection on the hematological parameters of pregnant women in Yola, Nigeria.
Methods:
A structured hybrid questionnaire was used to gather socio-demographic, clinical, and obstetric data from 100 pregnant women aged 15–45 years. Malaria parasitemia was determined and confirmed using a light microscope, blood smear-staining techniques, and rapid diagnostic tests (RDT). At the same time, the packed cell volume (PCV) was measured using a microhematocrit reader. Also, the complete blood count was determined using Turk’s solution and Neubauer’s counting chamber (hemocytometer).
Results:
Out of the 100 participants in the study, 76 tested positive for malaria, resulting in a prevalence rate of 76%. The age group between 30 and 34 years and multigravida recorded high values of malaria-infected women, accounting for 18 (23.7%) and 49%, respectively. Also, the study’s findings indicate that malaria-infected pregnant women had a significantly higher occurrence of anemia than those not infected (P = .045). In addition, eosinophil counts, total white blood cells (WBC), and neutrophil count were notably higher in pregnant women infected by malaria compared to those not infected (P < .05). Conversely, lymphocyte count, basophil count, and monocyte count were significantly lower in pregnant women infected by malaria compared to uninfected pregnant women.
Conclusion:
Pregnant women participating in prenatal care at the Specialist Hospital in Yola, Nigeria, exhibited a relatively high occurrence of malaria parasite infection, and these infected pregnant women displayed a notable change in specific hematological parameters. The findings of this study offer valuable insights into the pathogenesis of malaria during pregnancy and contribute to improved diagnostic and management strategies for pregnant women at risk of malaria infection.
... Final kappa coefficients were all >0.80, indicating that the coded data of this study were quite reliable. All statistical analyses were performed in IBM SPSS version 19 (23). The Kolmogorov-Smirnov test was used to examine whether the energy and sugar contents were normally distributed. ...
Background
Sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) are the main cause of excessive sugar intake and increased health risks. Food companies usually use social media to market SSBs in order to increase consumers’ purchase intentions. To reduce excessive added sugar consumption from hand-shaken tea drinks, Taiwan has implemented a mandatory policy requiring clear sugar content labeling. This study aimed to investigate the sugar label information and online marketing strategies for hand-shaken tea drinks in northern Taiwan.
Methods
In this cross-sectional study, content analysis was employed to investigate the sugar labeling information and the current situation of online marketing in hand-shaken tea drink brands based in northern Taiwan. Seventy-two hand-shaken tea drink brands’ stores were visited to record their sugar labeling presentation methods, with brands lacking labeling, presenting incomplete labeling, or not offering customized sugar levels being excluded, resulting in 60 brands being chosen for the subsequent data collection process. The sugar and energy contents in 1,581 hand-shaken tea drinks were recorded and calculated. Subsequently, the sugar contents were assessed in accordance with World Health Organization (WHO) sugar recommendations (25 g/day), warning label criteria, and Taiwan’s regulations for low-sugar packaged beverages. Seven brands that had high online impressions were further selected and their marketing strategies in 560 Facebook posts were analyzed.
Results
The presentation methods of labeling varied among the 60 brands, and only 42 brands had obvious and easily accessible labeling. The most common labeling presentation method was posters ( n = 28). After converting the sugar content of half-sugar and low-sugar hand-shaken tea drinks, it was found that 60.2% of half-sugar beverages and 13.0% of low-sugar beverages exceeded 25 g of sugar per cup. Over 90% of brands had Facebook and Instagram accounts. The top marketing strategies for tea drink brands on Facebook were specific beverage information, brand information, and nutrition and health marketing. Most posts promoted sugar-sweetened beverages.
Conclusion
Not all hand-shaken tea drink brands in this study followed Taiwan’s labeling regulations. Moreover, high sugar contents in hand-shaken tea drinks labeled as half-sugar and low-sugar could potentially lead people to unconsciously consume excessive amounts of sugar. Future research should explore the impact of online marketing strategies on SSBs consumption behavior and ways to mitigate it among the Taiwanese public.
... El procesamiento estadístico se desarrolló con el programa IBM SPSS Statistics versión 25.0. (IBM, 2017). Se realizó un análisis descriptivo de las variables cuantitativas en el que se calculó la media, la desviación estándar y la mediana; en las variables cualitativas se obtuvieron las distribuciones de frecuencia según correspondiera (Ferrán Aranaz, 2001). ...
Resumen. Este artículo presenta una caracterización de las prácticas de utilización del tiempo libre, en relación con el tiempo, lugar y personas con quienes realizan las actividades y las motivaciones, de jóvenes escolares de colegios públicos de la localidad de Engativá (Bogotá). Con una metodología cuantitativa descriptiva se desarrolló y aplicó el cuestionario ad hoc Prácticas de tiempo libre y ocio de los jóvenes escolares. La muestra fue de 989 jóvenes de 13 a 19 años, pertenecientes a los grados noveno, décimo y once, previo consenti-miento informado. Los resultados mostraron que escuchar música (83,4%), hablar con amigos (69,1%), caminar por el colegio (49,1%) y hacer deporte (45,6%) son las prácticas de tiempo libre que predominan. Estas prácticas tienen una dedicación media de 30 minutos a dos horas diarias. Los lugares más recurrentes donde se desarrollan son el salón de clase, el patio de descanso, la casa y el parque del barrio. Las razones más frecuentes para realizarlas son por elección libre y por disfrute. En cuanto a con quién se realizan estas activi-dades, prevaleció la práctica individual o con amigos. Se concluyó que predomina concebir el ocio como actividades autónomas, y también que las actividades de tiempo libre y ocio son similares entre el colegio, fuera de él, y los fines de semana, con alguna variación entre géneros y grupos etarios. Palabras clave: tiempo libre, ocio, prácticas, jóvenes escolares, colegios públicos. Abstract. This article presents a characterize the practices of use of free time, in relation to the time, place and people with whom they carry out the activities and the motivations, in young schoolchildren from public schools in the town of Engativá (Bogotá). With a descriptive quantitative methodology, the ad hoc questionnaire was developed and applied Free time and leisure practices of young school-children. The sample was done with 989 young people from 13 to 19 years old, belonging to the ninth, tenth and eleventh grades, prior consent informed. The results showed that listening to music (83.4%), talking with friends (69.1%), walking around the school (49.1%) and playing sports (45.6%) are the predominant free time practices. These practices have an average dedication of 30 minutes to two hours on a daily basis. The most recurrent places where they take place are the classroom, the playground, the house and the neighborhood park. The most frequent reasons for perform them are by free choice and enjoyment. As to who these activities are done with, individual practice or with friends prevailed. It was concluded that prevails to conceive leisure as autonomous activities, and also that the free time activities and leisure are similar between school, outside of it, and on weekends, with some variation within genders and age groups. Introducción Conocer las prácticas en el tiempo libre de los jóvenes escolares que residen en Bogotá es una cuestión fundamental para la discusión sobre el desarrollo de la personalidad (Dumazedier, 1964). Hoy en día, las experiencias de los jó-venes se caracterizan por ser abundantes y diferentes, puesto que las sociedades modernas brindan, gracias a las oportunidades de acceso, una gran variedad de posibilida-des. Al respecto, las actividades realizadas en el tiempo libre y ocio se configuran como esenciales en el "desarrollo personal , social, cultural y educativo" de los jóvenes (Ricoy & Fernández-Rodríguez, 2016, p. 104). De esta manera, el tiempo libre se comprende como la parte del tiempo de no trabajo que no se emplea para satis-facer obligaciones sociales, tareas u otras actividades. Este se caracteriza por estar disponible o a la mano de cada per-sona para que ella decida qué hacer con este tiempo (Sue, 1982; Puig y Trilla, 1996). Asimismo, el ocio, por un lado, según el enfoque del tiempo (Aguilar, 2017), es tiempo libre independiente no usado para cumplir una exigencia de cual-quier tipo (Sue, 1982). Por ello, este se puede entender "en cierto sentido como la ‹‹libertad de›› imprescindible para ha-cer posible la «libertad para»" (Puig y Trilla, 1996, p. 51). Desde el punto de vista de Dumazedier (1964) el ocio es: Un conjunto de ocupaciones a las que el individuo se puede dedicar voluntariamente ya sea para divertirse, o para desarrollar su información o su formación desinteresada, su participación social voluntaria o su libre capacidad creadora, después de estar desligado de sus obligaciones profesiona-les, familiares y sociales. (pp. 30-31) Y por otro lado, de acuerdo con el enfoque de actividad se expresa como la participación de actividades que se rea-lizan de manera consciente para ocupar el tiempo libre, al-gunas pueden ser intelectuales, culturales, artísticas, depor-tivas, no hacer nada, entre otras (Aguilar, 2017), sin embargo Sue (1982) aclara que, "no es conveniente clasificarlas según sus funciones, puesto que una sola actividad de espar-cimiento puede cumplir varias funciones" (p. 108) Con base en lo anterior, existen investigaciones que in-dican que las prácticas realizadas en el tiempo libre y ocio permiten interpretar los motivos por los cuales los sujetos toman decisiones sobre el tiempo de dedicación de las acti-vidades (Ferreira et al., 2015; Vílchez, 2004); el espacio donde se ejecuta la acción (Huertas et al., 2008); con quién se lleva a cabo (
... Closed question responses were analysed quantitatively, using descriptive statistics and plots generated using SPSS v.28.0 (IBM Corp, 2022). Due to the non-parametric nature of the ranking data, Kruskal-Wallis tests with post-hoc Dunn-Bonferroni tests were employed to identify patterns in responses and create subgroups for their categorisation. ...
It is widely recognised that palaeoecology holds great potential to inform and support nature conservation, but that there are difficulties in knowledge exchange between academia and practitioners that inhibit the operationalisation of research. To facilitate the integration of palaeoecology into the conservation toolkit, it is essential to understand perspectives of the practitioners themselves and the contexts in which they work. This paper reports the results of a survey of 153 UK-based conservation practitioners, concerning their perceptions of palaeoecology, the barriers to its use and potential solutions for making palaeoecological insights more accessible in conservation practice. The survey was conducted online over a period of 3 months; closed question responses were analysed for statistical trends and thematic analysis was done on open question responses. The majority of respondents were strongly positive about the role palaeoecological research could play, though they also exhibited a limited understanding of how and why one might implement it. They identified time constraints as the biggest barrier to using palaeoecology within their work, and also flagged concerns around financial resources and the accessibility of the research. Access to applied case studies and a centralised database were the most favoured solutions among respondents. Respondents with prior experience of working with palaeoecology were generally more optimistic about its incorporation. This paper makes several key recommendations to progress the integration of palaeoecology into conservation, including improving data accessibility, aligning research design with conservation and policy drivers, and increasing both respective groups’ understanding of the other.
... The GraphPad Prism software was used for the statistical analysis. An Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) was carried out between the groups, and a P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to be statistically significant [59]. ...
Diabetes Mellitus (DM) is a serious metabolic disease with several treatments available for managing it, however, they can be expensive and have side effects. Medicinal plants have been used for many years to treat numerous diseases. Mitragyna speciosa (M. speciosa) plant has been shown to have anti-diabetic properties in preclinical studies. Hence, this study aimed to investigate the phytochemical compositions and anti-diabetic effects of M. speciosa, using both in vivo and in silico approaches. In the in vivo study, experimental diabetes was induced in Swiss albino mice using the drug alloxan (150 mg/kg). Four groups of diabetic mice were taken. Two of the groups were given extracts at doses of 200 mg/kg and 400 mg/kg respectively. Diabetic mice treated with the reference drug, glibenclamide (5mg/kg) were chosen as a positive control, and mice with only vehicles were considered as a negative control. The Oral Glucose Tolerance Test (OGTT) and the acute toxicity test were performed. In the in silico study, molecular docking and dynamics were performed for the identification of the plant compounds that could effectively bind with the DPP4 receptor. Analysis of the study suggested that the lethal dose (LD50) values were greater than 2000 mg/kg, indicating that a dose below this level can be selected. The OGTT results showed that both doses of M. speciosa extracts significantly reduced blood glucose levels (P<0.0001). However, neither dose exhibited a significantly higher blood glucose reduction compared to glibenclamide (5 mg/kg) (P > 0.05). Phytochemical screening and the ADMET profile analysis suggested four key compounds: Mitragynine, Corynantheidine, Corynoxine, and Speciociliatine in M. speciosa. The molecular docking analysis revealed these four compounds as potential antidiabetic agents considering their high binding affinity to the DPP4 receptor. These compounds were also found to be stable in the DPP4 binding pocket, as evidenced by the molecular dynamics simulation. Lastly, it can be demonstrated that the in silico experiments confirmed M. speciosa extracts to be capable of reducing blood glucose levels because of the presence of compounds.
Background
Music is well-known for its stress-reducing effects. Little is known about the potential effect of music interventions in fostering internal coping resources for stress management among undergraduate students in Hong Kong.
Objectives
This pilot study aimed to examine the efficacy of the Group-based Focus Music Imagery Program (GFMI) in promoting a stress-is-enhancing mindset, sense of coherence, and self-compassion among undergraduate students.
Methods
We used a two-arm parallel randomized controlled trial (RCT). The experimental arm received 6 weeks of GFMI with measures taken at two time points after completing baseline assessments (Weeks 6, 10). The control arm received 6 weeks of an active control program and completed the outcome measures at time points similar to the GFMI group. Data were collected using the Chinese versions of the Sense of Coherence Scale (C-SOC-13), the Self-Compassion Scale-Short Form (C-SCS-SF), the Stress Mindset Measure (C-SMM), the Perceived Stress Scale (C-PSS-10), and the Generalized Anxiety Disorder scale (C-GAD-7).
Results
Sixty-four participants were randomly assigned to either the experimental group ( n = 32) or the control group ( n = 32) between July 2021 and September 2022. The experimental group exhibited a retention rate of 71.9% at T1 (23 out of 32 participants), which slightly decreased to 65.6% (21 out of 32) at T2. The control group displayed a retention rate of 75% (24 out of 32) at T1, which dropped to 43.8% (14 out of 32) at T2. The GEE analyses showed insignificant differences between groups at any time point in C-SOC-13, C-SCS-SF, and C-SMM. Instead, the control group had a higher reduction in stress scores (C-PSS-10) at T1, and anxiety (C-GAD-7) at T2 than the experimental group.
Conclusion
The pilot trial provided valuable information in examining the feasibility of the trial design and intervention. Future studies with larger samples are needed to validate if GFMI can reliably promote coping resources to manage stress and anxiety in undergraduate students.
Trial registration number
https://www.researchregistry.com/ , researchregistry8209.
It is not known if resistance training reduces pre-frailty in community-dwelling middle-aged adults (50–65 years). This proof-of-concept study aimed to determine the feasibility (participant recruitment, intervention fidelity, acceptability, and burden) of a novel, preventative intervention for pre-frailty in this frequently overlooked age group. Sixteen pre-frail adults (mean age 57.9 SD = 4.1, 88% female) were randomly allocated into intervention (n = 7) and control (n = 9) groups. Both groups were similar at baseline. Intervention participants completed a six-week, home-based, progressively overloaded, resistance training program. Control participants followed their usual routine. Feasibility and acceptability were evaluated via an exit survey. Preliminary effectiveness was explored through between- and within- group pre-post changes in Fried Frailty score, Rockwood Clinical Frailty Scale, six-minute walk test, and hand grip strength. The level of significance for the study was p < 0.05. The intervention had high self-reported adherence rates and perceived ease of incorporation into daily routines. Compared to the control, the intervention produced significantly greater improvements in pre-frailty status (p = .046) and hand grip strength (p = .004). Home-based resistance training appears to be feasible, acceptable, and potentially effective in decreasing pre-frailty status and improving physical function in middle aged community dwelling adults.
Background: Caring for people with dementia (PwD) usually triggers stress and leads to mental and somatic health complaints (SHCs). Physical activity (PA) can provide burden relief in PwD caregivers, but it is not clear whether PA habits would contribute to reducing SHCs. This study aims to analyze the effect of PA on the relationship between burden and SHCs in a sample of family caregivers of PwD. Methods: One hundred and fifty-seven caregivers of PwD reported their PA habits, and completed the Giessen's Subjective Health Complaints Questionnaire (GBB-8) and the Zarit Burden Interview (ZBI). The relationship between PA habits, burden of care (ZBI), and SHCs (B-GBB-8 scale) was examined. Subsequently, the moderating effect of PA habits on the relationship between burden and SHCs was tested. Results: PA habit was inversely associated with ZBI (r bp = À0.242) and GBB-8 scores (r bp (Gastrointestinal) = À0.174; r bp (Musculoskeletal) = À0.195; r bp (Exhaustion) = À0.247; r bp (Cardiovascular) = À0.250; and r bp (Overall) = À0.257, respectively), whereas moderate positive correlations were found between ZBI and GBB-8 scores (r (Gastrointestinal) = 0.483; r (Musculoskeletal) = 0.536; r (Exhaustion) = 0.542; r (Cardiovascular) = 0.438; and r (Overall) = 0.598, respectively). The interaction effect of PA habit and burden was significant for the overall SHCs (b = À0.11; P < 0.05) and cardiovascular complaints (b = À0.06; P < 0.05). However, the association between burden and SHCs was significant (P < 0.001) only for sedentary caregivers. Conclusion: These findings indicate that maintaining an active lifestyle through regular PA could potentially help alleviate the adverse effects of caregiver burden on somatic health among caregivers of PwD. Encouraging and endorsing PA interventions for informal caregivers might yield substantial advantages for their health and general well-being.
Aim
SSI is one of the most prevalent healthcare‐associated infections and is associated with extended hospital stays, increased need for reoperation and higher hospital readmission rates. Implementing systematic SSI surveillance can reduce these adverse outcomes. Implementing a surveillance system into a hospital is a complex intervention requiring that staff involved in a patient's perioperative journey have the knowledge of SSI prevention, the data required for surveillance, an understanding of how data informs quality improvement initiatives and their role in surveillance. The aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of a complex intervention on the knowledge and attitudes of healthcare professionals towards surgical site infection (SSI), SSI prevention and surveillance in a university hospital setting.
Design
The study used a quasi‐experimental pre‐test–post‐test design.
Method
The impact of a complex intervention was evaluated by measuring healthcare professionals' ( n = 74) knowledge of and attitudes towards SSI and surveillance. Normalisation process theory (NPT) guided the study and the development of the intervention.
Results
There was a statistically significant increase in scores on the knowledge of SSI and prevention from pre‐intervention to post‐test. The knowledge of risk factors scores at post‐test was significantly higher than that at pre‐intervention. Overall attitudes to SSI prevention and surveillance were good both pre‐intervention and post‐test but there was a significant change in the attitude of participants. The findings reveal an overall positive impact of the complex intervention on the knowledge and attitude of healthcare professionals relating to SSI, SSI prevention and surveillance; however, the extent of the change varied across items measured.
Regular physical activity is widely considered by public health and parks and recreation professionals as a key determinant of individual and community health and well-being. Prior research has shown that building sustainable health partnerships with community organizations can help parks and recreation departments meet many US health challenges. This study examined the perceptions of North Carolina public parks and recreation directors regarding physical activity and health partnership practices in their communities. Directors from two-hundred and seventy five North Carolina city and county parks and recreation departments were surveyed in the Spring of 2022 to determine 1) directors’ effort allocation in promoting physical activity toward vulnerable populations, 2) challenges associated with promoting community physical activity, and 3) differences in effort allocation, future priorities, and partnership among varying director and departmental demographics. Results were compared to findings from a 2007 study of NC perceptions of health partnerships, upon which the present study was based. One hundred and twenty three completed questionnaires were returned, resulting in a response rate of 45%. Directors in 2022 allocated similarly higher levels of effort toward older adults, families, and people with low income as did directors in 2007, while youth and adults with disabilities and people with chronic health conditions received lower allocations of effort from directors in 2022. Barriers such as lack of staff knowledge on how to promote physical activity, lack of citizen and political support, and lack of knowledge of under-represented groups’ physical activity preferences were less pronounced in 2022 compared to 2007. Several distinct differences were revealed between female and male directors’ rankings of effort and future priorities, as well as their perceptions of physical activity opportunities for women and people with disabilities. Partnerships with county health departments are being utilized more in counties with the highest health disparities compared to more healthy counties, indicating that partnerships are being targeted and implemented in areas where resources are most needed. This study represents a meaningful extension of research conducted prior to the 2008 Great Recession and COVID-19 pandemic and provides recommendations for public parks and recreation departments to consider promoting physical activity and building community resilience in the face of future economic and health challenges.
Background: Entrepreneurship is highly encouraged in today's world and becomes area of the crucial channels for the development of economies of countries. Nursing Entrepreneurship presents an opportunity to explore nursing's professional potential in practice and increase recognition of the value of nursing. It is not at all about starting new business, but is about making student creative, opportunity oriented, proactive, and innovative in all walks of life. Objective: This study aimed to examine the effect of an educational program on entrepreneurial competence and readiness among medical surgical nursing students. Methods: A pre-experimental design (pre-posttest) was utilized with a convenient sample of 290 medical surgical nursing students (male and female) enrolled in the entrepreneurship course and were willing to participate (the academic year 2022-2023). An adapted Entrepreneurial Competence and Readiness Questionnaire was utilized. Cronbach's Alpha was utilized to ensure internal consistency of the instrument. Descriptive statistics and paired t-test were utilized to analyze the data. Results: There was a statistically significant difference between pre and post-program among students regarding entrepreneurial competence and level of readiness (t = 124.5, p = 0.000). Conclusion: A university entrepreneurship educational program has an obvious effect in increasing competency and level of entrepreneurial readiness among medical surgical nursing students. Recommendation: Entrepreneurial educations should be included within the curricula of all universities.
Sexual violence (SV) is a well-documented and highly prevalent issue on college campuses that disproportionately impacts women, students of color, and students who identify as lesbian, gay, bisexual, transgender, queer (LGBTQ). In recent years, bystander intervention programming has emerged as a promising prevention strategy for colleges due to its success in preventing SV before it occurs using community involvement; however, little consideration has been given to the power, status, or position that a bystander has when deciding whether to intervene and weighing the potential consequences of their actions. In order to inform university campus bystander intervention programming and increase its effectiveness, more work is needed to understand specific student characteristics (e.g., race/ethnicity, gender identity, sexual orientation, history of SV) that may be associated with engaging in bystander behavior in SV risk situations. Using cross-sectional data from a large west-coast university, 592 students were surveyed about their SV-related experiences. Poisson regression models were utilized to determine the relative risk of engaging in bystander behavior by sociodemographic identities and history of SV victimization. Our fully adjusted model indicated that experiencing attempted and completed sexual assault was associated with engaging in bystander behavior; belonging to specific minority groups was differentially associated with engaging in bystander behavior, as was belonging to a minority group and having a history of SV. Personal histories, identities, and power inequity matter when deciding to engage in bystander behavior. Additional research is needed to create more well-rounded and population-specific bystander intervention programs that are inclusive of diverse student voices and experiences.
Introduction
The creation of age‐friendly home environments enables middle‐aged and older aged people to live independently at home while adapting to age‐related changes. Little is currently known about existing home hazards that may potentially hinder healthy older people as they age.
Methods
Prospective cohort study of healthy adults who received an age‐friendly home environment assessment conducted by an occupational therapist. Adults aged 60 and over, without significant disability, living in homes within metropolitan Adelaide, South Australia were recruited through community advertising.
Results
Sixty age‐friendly home environment assessments were conducted. Common areas where potential hazards were identified, and modifications recommended were bathrooms, toilets and backyards. Gardens were commonly identified as potentially requiring modifications in the future. Participants were more likely to consider moving to new housing if additional modifications were needed to their homes.
Conclusion
Affordable and accessible age‐friendly housing is required to support an ageing population. Education on age‐friendly housing for healthy middle and older aged people is required enabling proactive planning rather than awaiting health crises.
This document reports on research conducted within “Conservation and Research of Wild Fruit Species in Western Tian Shan, Kyrgyz Republic” (CEPF-110679) project kindly supported by the Critical Ecosystem Partnership Fund, however, data collected within this project will be further analyzed and more publications are being developed with proper acknowledgements; authors declare no conflict of interests.
Research has considered the role of social learning in substance use and determined that social influences are powerful determinants of substance initiation. However, the relationships between peer, sibling, and parent behaviors and e-cigarette initiation among early adolescents, and rural youth in particular, have yet to be examined. The present study investigated how peer delinquency, sibling substance use, and parental approval contribute to risk of e-cigarette initiation across middle school while also examining these associations with alcohol use initiation. Adolescents (N = 663) self-reported perceptions of peer delinquency, sibling substance use, parental approval about substance use, and their own e-cigarette and alcohol use. Multilevel survival analyses were conducted to model the risk of initiation and predictors of this risk. Results indicate that the risk of e-cigarette initiation increased by 75% annually as youths progressed through middle school. All social factors were significant predictors of e-cigarette initiation, while perceived peer delinquency and parental approval predicted alcohol initiation. Results emphasize the importance of early intervention for preventing e-cigarette initiation and the influence of peers and parents on alcohol initiation and the influence of peers, siblings, and parents on e-cigarette use.
Poa pratensis is widely distributed in cold temperate regions and can be used as a species for stress restoration and as a forage for livestock. Studying the genetic characteristics of tillering occurrence in bluegrass provides a theoretical basis for studying plant yield formation, environmental adaptation, and improving survival competitiveness. The regulating effects of endogenous hormone IAA content and the expression of related genes ARF1, ARF12, ARF14, ZT content and the expression of related genes CKX2, CKX3, CKX4, SL content and the expression of related genes D14-like, D14.1-like and D14 in wild Kentucky bluegrass were investigated. Kentucky bluegrass from Sunan and Qingshui was used to evaluate the influence of hormone and gene expression on tillering behavior. Endogenous hormone contents and expression levels of related genes in stems and roots of both materials were measured at prophase, peak, and anaphase of tillering. The results showed that among the three materials, the Sunan material had a better tillering ability for Poa pratensis, while the Qingshui material had poorer tillering ability. The downregulation of CKX2, CKX3, and CKX4 gene expression levels promotes the synthesis of ZT, thereby improving the tillering ability of the germplasm. Upregulation of ARF14, D14, and D14.1-like gene expression levels enhances the synthesis of IAA and SL, thereby inhibiting tillering. More importantly, the interaction between hormones affects the tillering ability of bluegrass, and high levels of ZT/IAA, ZT/SL, and ZT/(IAA+SL) values promote tillering. In summary, this study reveals the mechanism by which hormones regulate the occurrence of tillering in Kentucky bluegrass, providing a theoretical basis for understanding the genetic characteristics of plant type, effectively regulating tillering, studying yield development, environmental adaptation, and improving survival rate.
Studies using retrospective memory tasks have revealed that animates/living beings are better remembered than are inanimates/nonliving things (the animacy effect). However, considering that memory is foremost future oriented, we hypothesized that the animacy effect would also occur in prospective memory (i.e., memory for future intentions). Using standard prospective memory (PM) procedures, we explored this hypothesis by manipulating the animacy status of the PM targets. Study 1a reports data collected from an American sample; these results were then replicated with a Portuguese sample (Study 1b). Study 2 employed a new procedure, and data were collected from a broader English-speaking sample. In these three studies, animate (vs. inanimate) targets consistently led to a better PM performance, revealing, for the first time, that the animacy advantage extends to PM. These results strengthen the adaptive approach to memory and stress the need to consider animacy as an important variable in memory studies.
Background: With the release of the text revision of the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders, 5th edition (DSM-5-TR), criteria for Prolonged Grief Disorder (PGD) were included. This necessitates studying grief trajectories based on these criteria.
Objective: This is the first study examining latent trajectories of DSM-5-TR-based PGD symptom levels and testing whether specific risk factors (e.g. cause of death) predicted PGD trajectories.
Method: We evaluated latent DSM-5-TR PGD trajectories using pooled existing data collected at 6–12, 13–24, and 25–60 months post-loss in Danish and Dutch bereaved adults (N = 398). Latent Growth Mixture Modelling (LGMM) was employed to determine the trajectories. Multinomial logistic regression analyses were used to examine which risk factors predicted class membership.
Results: The four-class LGMM solution with a quadratic term was best-fitting the data. This solution represented four trajectories: High stable PGD (6%), High PGD quick recovery (10%), High PGD slow recovery (35%), and Low PGD symptoms (49%). Participants with a higher educational level were more likely to be assigned to the Low PGD symptoms trajectory compared to High stable PGD and High PGD slow recovery trajectories. Unnatural causes of death increased the likelihood of being in the High stable PGD and High PGD slow recovery trajectories compared to the Low PGD symptoms trajectory.
Conclusions: Consistent with prior research, the Low PGD symptoms trajectory was the most common. A significant minority experienced high and stable levels of PGD within five years after the loss. About one-third of participants experienced high acute grief levels that decreased slowly; how slow decreasing symptoms relate to an individual’s functioning requires further attention. This study demonstrates that a significant minority of bereaved people develop acute PGD symptomatology that does not diminish within five years post-loss, emphasizing the need for early screening for PGD to prevent long-lasting complaints.
Background
Women's dissatisfaction with perinatal health care services is associated with poor postpartum outcomes for the mother and the baby. The Mackey Childbirth Satisfaction Rating Scale is a frequently used measure of women's childbirth satisfaction. However, its factor structure has been inconsistent across investigations. The goal of this study was to evaluate the psychometric properties of the scale (i.e., factor structure and sources of validity evidence).
Methods
This study is a descriptive prospective investigation. Participants included 106 pregnant women (mean age = 31.86, SD = 4.12) recruited from a public university hospital situated in South Madrid. Sources of construct validity of the Mackey were explored with the Women's View of Birth Labor Satisfaction Questionnaire. Sources of criterion validity were investigated with measures of pain (labor, delivery, and just after birth) and post‐traumatic stress symptoms.
Results
Minor adaptations in item distribution resulted in an adequate fit of the original six‐factor solution of the Mackey scale (i.e., oneself, the partner, the baby, the nurse, the physician, and overall satisfaction). Sources of validity evidence supported the construct and criterion validity of the scale.
Conclusions
Obtaining a psychometrically and conceptually sound factor solution is fundamental when validating a scale. With the present study, researchers and clinicians (e.g., midwives) will be able to measure women's childbirth satisfaction in a more robust manner. Both antecedents and consequences of satisfaction were found to correlate with several satisfaction subscales, which might help guide prevention programs in mother care in a more efficient way.
The aim of this chapter is two-fold. First, we outline two research methods that make use of existing multilingual data for their analysis. Here, we start with an introduction to the use of online and social media data and suggest possible research projects that can be carried out on them. Then, we sketch the use of, and approaches to, corpus data and introduce some key corpus resources for corpus linguistic projects. Second, we show how data—be they collected through our own fieldwork or taken from existing sources—can be prepared in spreadsheets so that they can concomitantly be used for linguistic analysis. We introduce the corpus concordance tool AntConc for data analysis and approaches to how to (statistically) analyse different data types to receive useful and reliable insights into the realities of language use.
Introduction
Clinical supervision supports patient care and health worker wellbeing. However, access to effective clinical supervision is not equitable. We aimed to explore the access and effectiveness of clinical supervision in allied health workers.
Methods
A cross-sectional survey design using the Manchester Clinical Supervision Scale (MCSS-26), including open-ended survey responses, to collect data on effectiveness. Multivariable regression was conducted to determine how MCSS-26 scores differed across discipline, work location and setting. Open-ended responses were analysed using content analysis.
Results
1113 workers completed the survey, with 319 (28%) reporting they did not receive supervision; this group were more likely to hold management positions, work in a medical imaging discipline and practice in a regional or rural location. For those who received supervision, MCSS-26 scores significantly differed between disciplines and work settings; psychologists and those practising in private practice settings (i.e. fee-for-service) reported the highest levels of effectiveness. Suggested strategies to enhance effectiveness included the use of alternate supervision models, dedicated time for supervision, and training.
Conclusion
Targeted subgroups for improving access include senior staff, medical imaging professionals, and those working across regional and rural settings. Where supervision was least effective, strategies to address behaviours with organisational support may be required.
Not all Indonesians are willing to undergo the Covid-19 booster vaccination. One of the obstacles is the lack of public knowledge and trust due to negative issues surrounding booster vaccination. The purpose of this study was to determine the relationship between the level of knowledge and the willingness of the community in Jambangan Village, Surabaya City, to receive the Covid-19 booster vaccination. The design of this study was correlational research, and the data collection method used was cross-sectional. The sampling technique employed was purposive sampling, with a total of 61 respondents. Data management was conducted using the SPSS application, and the Spearman Rank Correlation Test was performed. The study's results indicated that the majority of respondents (68.8%) had a good level of knowledge. Moreover, most people in Jambangan village (63.9%) were willing to receive the booster vaccine. Data analysis revealed a significant correlation (p-value: 0.001) with OR: 171 and a 95% CI: 18.8 – 1641.9. In conclusion, there is a significant relationship between the level of knowledge and the willingness to receive booster vaccination in the community of Jambangan village, Surabaya City.
Previous research into the causes of academic failure among students both from and not from a migrant background has traditionally focused on empirically and qualitatively measurable problems young people have fitting in between milieu-specific patterns of perception, thought and action and the specific requirements of university as an institution. Against the backdrop of the need for new theoretical and methodological approaches, this study uses self-categorisation theory to empirically and quantitatively investigate how having difficulty fitting in at university due to a lack of social identification with academics is related to the intention of students from and not from a migrant background to drop out of higher education. In addition, the book examines the interplay between social and academic integration more closely.
Introduction: Previous research indicates ethnic/race group differences in pain and neurodegenerative diseases. Accounting for socioenvironmental factors reduces ethnic/race group differences in clinical and experimental pain. In the current study sample, we previously reported that in individuals with knee pain, ethnic/race group differences were observed in bilateral temporal lobe thickness, areas of the brain associated with risk for Alzheimer's disease, and related dementias. The purpose of the study was to determine if socioenvironmental factors reduce or account for previously observed ethnic/race group differences and explore if a combined effect of socioenvironmental risk and chronic pain severity on temporal lobe cortices is evident.
Methods: Consistent with the prior study, the sample was consisted of 147 adults (95 women, 52 men), 45–85 years of age, who self‐identified as non‐Hispanic Black (n = 72) and non‐Hispanic White (n = 75), with knee pain with/at risk for osteoarthritis. Measures included demographics, health history, pain questionnaires, cognitive screening, body mass index, individual‐ and community‐level socioenvironmental factors (education, income, household size, marital and insurance status, and area deprivation index), and brain imaging. We computed a summative socioenvironmental risk index. Results: Regression analyses showed that with the inclusion of socioenvironmental factors, the model was significant (p < .001), and sociodemographic (ethnic/race) group differences were not significant (p = .118). Additionally, findings revealed an additive stress load pattern indicating thinner temporal lobe cortices with greater socioenvironmental risk and chronic pain severity (p = .048).
Implications: Although individual socioenvironmental factors were not independent predictors, when collectively combined in models, ethnic/race group differences in bilateral temporal lobe structures were not replicated. Further, combined socioenvironmental risk factors and higher chronic pain severity were associated with thinner bilateral temporal lobes.
The present study used quantitative and qualitative research approaches to assess tourism resources’ potential, challenge, and economic contribution in the Menagesha Amba Mariam state forest. A total of 169 respondents’ samples were collected from the target population. The results confirmed that the study area has enormous tourism resource potential that can facilitate the respective tourism economy. The majority (88.2%) are natural attractions, including the landscape, the Meti River, the Adare River, the Meti waterfall, and wildlife species, as well as cultural (e.g., Horseback riding, Irreecha, Geda, and the handcrafts system) and religious resources (e.g., Meskel festivity, funeral ceremonies, monasteries, and ancient churches). Lack of infrastructure, lack of awareness, lack of community participation, poor coordination of stakeholders, and lack of fair administration are challenges for tourism development in the study area. Therefore, the Federal and Regional governments could collaborate to solve the challenges of ecotourism development. Furthermore, the involvement of local communities and the provision of basic tourism infrastructure amenities and facilities could encourage tourism flow and economic development at Menagesha Amba Mariam state forest.
Objective
This study aimed to investigate the interrelations between emotion regulation strategies and different types of anger using network analysis.
Method
Data were drawn from a cross‐sectional sample of 538 adults (55% females; mean age = 39.8 years, SD = 12.3) seeking treatment for anger. Data were collected between March and November 2019 in Sweden. Participants completed measures of anger problems (anger expression, anger suppression, angry reactions, anger rumination, trait anger, hostility, physical aggression, and verbal aggression) and emotion regulation (cognitive reappraisal, expressive suppression, anger relaxation, and five mindfulness strategies). To determine whether distinct clusters of anger nodes would emerge, exploratory graph analysis was employed. Based on clustering of nodes, we estimated separate networks including all measures of emotion regulation.
Results
Two clusters emerged: one consisting primarily of cognitive components of anger, and another of behavioral. Across networks, anger nodes were strongly interconnected, and anger rumination and anger suppression were especially influential. Several direct links were found between specific emotion regulation strategies and cognitive components of anger, whereas most strategies were only indirectly related to angry behavior. Cognitive reappraisal showed no direct link with any of the anger nodes.
Conclusions
Our findings reveal potential pathways by which different emotion regulation strategies may influence different types of anger, which could serve as therapeutic targets.
Background and objectives
The purpose of this study was to explore COVID-19 pandemic-related concerns among a racially and ethnically representative sample of older adults in the U.S.
Research design and methods
Participants were 501 English-speaking adults 60 years and older recruited online nationally across the U.S. from Amazon Mechanical Turk (mTurk) and Prolific Research Platforms during June of 2020. Data comes from a larger cross-sectional survey. We content analyzed open-ended responses about pandemic-related concerns and observed responses to a checklist of items created by the research team to assess for specific physical, social, and financial consequences experienced due to the pandemic.
Results
A majority of the sample (92%) reported at least one pandemic-related concern, with the highest percentage expressing concerns coded as Concern for Others (28%), Physical Health (27%), Socializing (24%), Finance (15%) and Socio-Political-Economic (14%). Participants reported high concern severity ( M = 4.03, SD = 1.04) about their concerns mentioned in response to the open-ended concerns question. When prompted with a checklist of items, participants frequently endorsed disruption in social activities as a consequence of the pandemic (83%), disruptions that could impact physical health (45%), and concern over finances as a consequence of the pandemic (41%).
Discussion and implications
Older adults most frequently mentioned concerns about the well-being and behavior of others, one’s own physical health, and the impacts of the pandemic and social distancing policies on social activities. Findings align with the Socioemotional Selectivity Theory and point to the importance of supporting older adults to maintain meaningful social engagement under conditions of a pandemic and social distancing policies.
Psychology has paid relatively little attention to low arousal positive states like calmness. One explanation for this lacuna is the Western-centric nature of the field, and the related suggestion that such states are undervalued in Western cultures compared to high arousal ones, in contrast to Eastern cultures, which possibly place greater value on low arousal forms. But how accurate are these generalizations? This study draws on the most globally comprehensive study to date on calmness-121,207 participants in 116 countries in the 2020 Gallup World Poll-featuring two items asking whether people: (a) prefer a calm life or an exciting life; and (b) experienced calmness yesterday. Our particular interest was in the intersection of these, such that we could categorise people in four categories of calmness: satisfied (both prefer and experience it); unwanted (experience calmness but prefer excitement); longed-for (prefer calmness but don't experience it); and unmissed (neither prefer nor experience it). The results reveal a nuanced picture that challenges certain stereotypes (e.g., calmness had no particular association with Eastern cultures), and shed new light on this overlooked topic (e.g., poorer people and countries are more likely to prefer calmness yet are less likely to actually experience it). As ever, more work is needed, but these findings provide a foundation for future research into this important phenomenon.
Aim
To describe activities and professional characteristics of nurses in expanded roles in acute care in Germany and achieve a greater understanding of the current situation of advanced practice nursing.
Background
Advanced practice nursing plays an important role in meeting increased demands in healthcare and promoting high-quality care.
Introduction
In Germany, advanced practice nursing is still at an early stage with a lack of studies describing the scope of practice of nurses in expanded roles.
Methods
We conducted a cross-sectional-study using a paper-and-pencil questionnaire. In a nationwide convenience sample, we surveyed nurses with an academic degree, who work in an acute care hospital and take over expanded roles in direct patient care. Reporting followed the STROBE checklist.
Results
Of 108 eligible nurses, 84 (77%) completed the survey. The majority had a Master's degree (63.1%) and the average work experience was 18.2 years. Participants carried out activities in all the domains that were queried (direct clinical practice, guidance and coaching, consultation, leadership and research) with differences within and between domains. Foci were on direct clinical practice and coaching and guidance.
Discussion
In Germany, qualifications are nearing the international standard of advanced practice nursing. Results suggest that participants partly undertake activities within the scope of registered nurses' practice that do not correspond fully to their formal qualifications.
Conclusion and implications for nursing and/or health policy
In order to foster the role development of expanded practice nurses in Germany, political efforts are needed in terms of training (e.g. specific Master's programmes), funding of corresponding positions in practice and control mechanisms (e.g. professional registration).
Covid-19 pandemic had a massive impact on adolescents. The present study illustrates an online survey administered to N = 861 Italian adolescents (mean age = 15.81 years; females 58%), asking them about: (i) the most frequent negative emotions during the pandemic; (ii) the main sources of social support; (iii) whether they had also experienced positive emotions; (iv) in which life-domains they had experienced positive emotions. The results reveal that adolescents experienced boredom, sadness, fear, and agitation as negative emotions. The respondents reported family, friends and themselves as sources of social support. The main life-domains in which adolescents experienced positive emotions were: new discoveries in self-awareness, inner growth, relational skills. This study highlights that the pandemic has elicited positive resources (e.g., resilience, creativity and generativity) in adolescents, laying the foundations for interventions, in developmental and educational psychology, that are not top-down but bottom-up.
ResearchGate has not been able to resolve any references for this publication.