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Critical Technology: A Social Theory of Personal Computing
... Social criticism of technology has drawn attention to a number of issues which challenge the determinist approach. Feenberg (cited in Kirkpatrick 2004: 2), for instance, perceives three problems of technologies: firstly, they can be negative in and of themselves (for example, weapons of mass destruction), secondly, they can be used in negative ways, which disadvantage human beings (for example, the production line), and thirdly, they can be designed and produced for the systematic advantage of certain social groups, while excluding or disadvantaging other groups. ...
The aim of this chapter is to demonstrate how technology and popular cultural texts interact with one another. It will be demonstrated that, far from being neutral, technology is intrinsically tied to social and cultural relations, as well as issues of production, consumption and power in capitalist society. Likewise, through a discussion of the German electronic band Kraftwerk, it will be shown that the band are not an apolitical, neutral, avant garde text which can be considered as ‘above’ society, but rather a cultural text which is embedded within social and cultural relations, as well as adaptive to the interests of commercialism and commodification.
... AI has also been deployed in contact centers to improve the customer service experience (Kirkpatrick, 2017). Chatbots applying analytical AI can generate automatic responses to customer inquiries (D. ...
In view of the prevalence of artificial intelligence (AI) – powered applications in service organizations, this paper draws on service profit chain theory and proposes these applications as a service product for employees (referred to as internal customers) and customers. The outcome of which is to examine the influence of AI service quality on internal and external customer loyalty. Customer satisfaction and engagement are modeled as mediators, whereas emotional intelligence (EI) is a moderator in AI – customer loyalty relationships. Two studies were undertaken with employees and customers in Australian-based hotels to examine these relationships. The results show that AI service quality is significantly related to internal and external customer satisfaction and engagement. Both internal and external customer engagement have significant effects on customer loyalty and play a significant mediation role in the service quality – customer loyalty relationship. EI has only a significant moderation effect on the relationship between AI service quality and customer engagement for internal and external customers. Discussion and implications of the research findings are provided for researchers and practitioners.
... However, many of these actions are totally acceptable from the perspective of the owners of capital, citing operational efficiencies, the importance of the work task, impending deadlines and other economic arguments as justification for these violations. 54,55 This, in turn, leads to a very important question. Aspects such as respect for people's health (both physiological and psychological), the right to self-determination and non-domination, the respect for people's free-time and leisure time are basic personal freedoms that ought to be respected. ...
Although technological proliferation is a reality in a 4IR world, and has immense potential to increase the efficiency and quality of work, it is accompanied by workplace practices that there is no benchmark for. These practices have the potential to unsettle traditional work routines, traditional work/non-work boundaries, and to disturb peoples’ work life balance irreparably. Against this backdrop, this paper explores the parameters of morally acceptable organisational practices in terms of usage and expectations of ICT’s. Through adopting a Critical scholarly stance, this paper dialectically investigates the nature of work and the importance people associate with it, the ways in which technology impacts work and peoples’ lives, and uncovers how technology enables control over labour in a capitalist society. The effect the current technological explosion has been far reaching and is effecting every sphere of life. As we try to make sense of 4IR, we are also redefining our different contexts and the role technology and ICT play in each of these. We are noticing a definite blurring of spaces that, not too long ago, had distinct parameters.
... Facebook, Twitter ile beraber Çin'de yasaklı siteler arasında olması bunun en büyük sebebidir (Erbaşlar, 2013). Facebook Dünya üzerinde Google'dan sonra en çok ziyaret edilen web sitesi olmuştur (Kirkpatrick, 2017). İlk kurulduğu zaman yalnızca belli bir öğrenci grubuna hizmet eden Facebook, zamanla gelişerek, milyarlarca insanın günde en az birkaç kez kontrol ettikleri, zamanlarının çoğunu harcadıkları, arkadaşlarını takip ettikleri ve yeni ve güncel haberleri öğrendikleri bir konuma sahip olmuştur (Power, 2014). ...
Bu araştırmada üniversite öğrencilerinde üç boyutlu bağlanma stilleri ve koşullu öz-değerin sosyal medya bağımlılığı düzeyi ile olan ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Dijitalleşme çağının bireyin yaşamını etkisi altına almasıyla teknolojinin olumsuz yanları yaygınlaşmıştır. Sosyal medyanın aşırı kullanımı da bağımlılığa yol açarak bireyin işlevselliğinin bozulmasına sebep olmaktadır. Bireyin yaşamını çok çeşitli alanlarda etkileyen sosyal medya bağımlılığı depresyon, yalnızlık, kaygı bozuklukları gibi psikolojik rahatsızlıkların yanı sıra aile, arkadaşlık ilişkileri ve akademik yaşamın da zarar görmesi gibi birçok sonuçları ortaya çıkarmaktadır. Sosyal medya bağımlılığının altında yatan çeşitli sebepler vardır. Bu sebepler; sosyal çevre ve öğrenme kaynaklı olabileceği gibi gelişimsel kaynaklı da olabilmektedir. Özellikle de bebeklik sürecinde oluşan bağlanma stili ile ergenlik dönemiyle beraber şekillenmeye başlayan koşullu öz-değer alanları bireyin gelişiminde kritik öneme sahiptir. Doğumdan itibaren ilk iki yıl anne ile bebek arasındaki ilişki ve iletişimin niteliğinden kaynaklanan bağlanma stili bireyin kendisine ve diğerlerine karşı olan güven duygusunu oluşturmakta ve yaşamı boyunca etkili olmaktadır. Bireyin kendisine verdiği önemin ve değerin bazı koşullara göre değişmesi öz-değerin yapılandırıldığı alana göre farklılaşarak duygu, düşünce ve davranışlara yön vermektedir. Dolayısıyla bu araştırmada üniversite öğrencilerinde bebeklik döneminde oluşan bağlanma stilleri ile çocukluktan itibaren oluşan koşullu öz-değerin sosyal medya bağımlılığı ile olan ilişkisi incelenmiştir. Araştırmanın örneklemini Orta Karadeniz’de bir devlet üniversitesinde öğrenim gören 817 üniversite öğrencisi oluşturmaktadır. Veri toplama aracı olarak Üç Boyutlu Bağlanma Stilleri Ölçeği, Koşullu Öz-Değer Ölçeği ve Sosyal Medya Bağımlılığı Ölçeği kullanılmıştır. Veri analizinde, bağımsız örneklemler için t testi, korelasyon analizi ve bootstrap tekniğine dayalı aracılık rolü yöntemi kullanılmıştır. Üniversite öğrencilerinde koşullu öz-değer alanları ile sosyal medya bağımlılığı düzeyi arasında ilişki vardır. Bunun yanı sıra üniversite öğrencilerinde bağlanma stilleri ve koşullu öz-değer alanları cinsiyet değişkenine göre anlamlı farklılaşma göstermektedir. Son olarak yapılan bootstrap analizinde bağlanma stillerinden kaygılı/kararsız bağlanma ile sosyal medya bağımlılığı düzeyi arasındaki ilişkide koşullu öz-değer alanlarından fiziksel görünüm ve onay almanın aracı rolde etkisi olduğu ortaya çıkmıştır.
On the basis of discussion in the preceding chapters, the current one draws on service profit chain theory and propose an integrated model to examine the influence of artificial and emotional intelligences on employees’ and customers’ satisfaction, engagement and loyalty. Employees are referred to as internal customers in this chapter. Two studies were undertaken with employees and customers in Australian-based hotels to examine these relationships. The results show that AI service quality is significantly related to internal and external customer satisfaction and engagement. Both internal and external customer engagement have significant effects on customer loyalty and play a significant mediation role in the service quality—customer loyalty relationship. EI has a significant moderation effect on the relationship between AI service quality and customer engagement for internal and external customers. Discussion and implications of the research findings are provided for researchers and practitioners.
Humans can interact via the user interfaces is an information system. Traditional student-centered learning software often has a similar user interface via which the student can engage with the software, and the information is provided in a consistently identical manner to all users, regardless of personality type or learning style. The effectiveness of applications relies on the end user’s acceptance. This study investigates the viability of incorporating human personality types in user interface designs in order to have systems that are more usable by all personality types of people. The primary research question concerns whether a user interface designed for a given personality type provides for better learning engagement. This study uses the Myers-Briggs Type Indicator to classify students’ personality types, then links these personality types to specific user interface features to see if a user interface tailored to their learning preferences improves learning. The general concept of this study is that the experimental group is given a set of user interfaces tailored to their personality types. In the control group, participants are provided with a general user interface. A semi-structured interview was conducted, and the promising results show that the engagement and acceptance of the designed user interfaces for the respective human personality groups.
In an attempt to curtail and prevent the spread of Covid-19 infection, social distancing has been adopted globally as a precautionary measure. Statistics shows that 75% of appointments most especially in the health sector are being handled by telephone since the outbreak of the Covid-19 pandemic. Currently most patients access health care services in real time from any part of the World through the use of Mobile devices. With an exponential growth of mobile applications and cloud computing the concept of mobile cloud computing is becoming a future platform for different forms of services for smartphones hence the challenges of low battery life, storage space, mobility, scalability, bandwidth, protection and privacy on mobile devices has being improved by combining mobile devices and cloud computing which rely on wireless networks to create a new concept and infrastructure called Mobile Cloud Computing (MCC). The introduction of Mobile cloud computing (MCC) has been identified as a promising approach to enhance healthcare services, with the advent of cloud computing, computing as a utility has become a reality thus a patient only pays for what he uses. This paper, presents a systematic review on the concept of cloud computing in mobile Environment; Mobile Payments and Mobile Healthcare Solutions in various healthcare applications, it describes the principles, challenges and opportunity this concept proffers to the health sector to determine how it can be harnessed is also discussed.
The ubiquitous adoption of mobile computing devices has implicated all of us in a techno-social system of interaction dominated by the codified and computational logic of the game. This paper will examines the modes by which these computational structures, in the guise of games, have come to dominate our understanding of, and interaction with, the non-game world. It will then identify how the application of this logic creates cognitive and phenomenological ruptures, which can be leveraged by creative individuals to reveal logical fallacies within the applied structures. Throughout, it will identify and analyze creative practices that exemplify responses to these logical fallacies in order to identify ways in which a new class of creative individuals is emerging to tackle the dangerous slippage between gamespace (the space of play, games) and gameic (gamic) space (ordinary/real life to which ludic properties have been applied).
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