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Swarbrick, M. (March 1997). A wellness model for clients. Mental Health Special Interest Section Quarterly, 20, 1-4.
Abstract
Swarbrick, M. (March 1997). A wellness model for clients. Mental Health Special Interest Section Quarterly, 20, 1-4.
... Multi-dimensional wellness models have been developed for both individual counseling (e.g., Indivisible Self from Myers & Sweeney, 2005) and public health purposes (e.g., Dunn, 1961;Hettler, 1976;Moe et al., 2012). Wellness is defined as a conscious deliberate process of making choices daily for a more satisfying lifestyle (Swarbrick, 1997(Swarbrick, , 2006(Swarbrick, , 2012. Multidimensional wellness includes multiple areas of one's life beyond just physical and emotional well-being. ...
... Dimensions (Swarbrick, 2006), was adopted by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) in 2011 and has been utilized in a variety of public mental health settings as an important approach to health promotion for people living with SMHC (Swarbrick & Nemec, 2016;Swarbrick, 2006;SAMHSA, 2016). Swarbrick (1997;2006;2012) developed this model (see Figure 1) for people served by the public mental health system based on the multi-dimensional wellness models proposed by Travis (Travis &Ryan, 2004) andHettler (1976), and adapted it for the specific needs and unique experiences of people diagnosed with SMHC and substance abuse challenges. It emphasizes a person-centered philosophy that focuses on a person's strengths and preferences in multiple dimensions (i.e., physical, mental, emotional, social, intellectual, environmental, occupational and financial) and recognizes the inter-related connections among these dimensions (Swarbrick, 1997;2006;2012;. ...
... Swarbrick (1997;2006;2012) developed this model (see Figure 1) for people served by the public mental health system based on the multi-dimensional wellness models proposed by Travis (Travis &Ryan, 2004) andHettler (1976), and adapted it for the specific needs and unique experiences of people diagnosed with SMHC and substance abuse challenges. It emphasizes a person-centered philosophy that focuses on a person's strengths and preferences in multiple dimensions (i.e., physical, mental, emotional, social, intellectual, environmental, occupational and financial) and recognizes the inter-related connections among these dimensions (Swarbrick, 1997;2006;2012;. It should be noted that Swarbrick's Wellness in 8 Dimensions is not the same as Wellness Recovery Action Plan (WRAP). ...
Objective:
This project aimed to develop a synthesized framework of multidimensional wellness for people aging with serious mental health conditions (SMHC) using existing frameworks to serve as a guide for policy and interventions to address the unique needs, experiences, and strengths of the population.
Method:
A concept analysis compared a widely used wellness approach (Swarbrick, 1997) for people with SMHC and one for older adults (Fullen, 2019) to synthesize into a practical framework for people aging with SMHC.
Results:
Nine dimensions were proposed for conceptualizing the wellness of this population including: (a) Developmental, (b) Intellectual/Cognitive, (c) Physical, (d) Emotional, (e) Social, (f) Occupational, (g) Spiritual, (h) Environmental, and (i) Financial. Practical suggestions for implementation are identified. Conclusions and Implication for Practice: People aging with SMHC require rehabilitation services that address their unique perspectives, strengths, and challenges. The proposed adapted wellness framework offers a guide to comprehensively address well-being in people aging with SMHC. Placing the model in the context of external factors of resources and supports available, and the impact of societal perspectives about each dimension, further delineates a holistic model of wellness that considers well-being and successful living. This model can offer structure and practical application for services, and consideration of future needs of people aging with SMHC to support psychiatric rehabilitation services, as well as offer strategies to encourage positive aging and recovery. Future work should explore the impact of multidecade experiences of mental health conditions and the mental health system to better support individual recovery. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2021 APA, all rights reserved).
... SAMHSA's Eight Dimensions of Wellness. The eight dimensions of wellness account for factors that contribute to a person's overall physical, emotional and social health and well-being (Swarbrick 1997;SAMHSA 2020). These dimensions include emotional, social, environmental, physical, financial, spiritual, occupational and intellectual ( Figure 1). ...
... Our findings are the first to map SAMHSA's dimensions of wellness to needed supports for pregnant and mothering women seeking recovery from SUD (Swarbrick 1997) and highlight opportunities for developing additional support within each wellness category. While we explored the lived experiences of 30 PPP seeking recovery from SUD, our study included a small, largely homogenous sample of participants (n = 25) living in a single residential-based recovery support facility and five participants residing independently in the community representing one rural southern state in the United States. ...
Pregnant and parenting people (PPP) experience complex challenges when seeking recovery from substance use disorders (SUD). Using a community-based participatory research approach, researchers partnered with PPP seeking recovery from SUD to explore supports needed in their communities. Findings are reported in adherence with the consolidated criteria for reporting qualitative research. Thirty PPP were recruited from a residential drug recovery facility in the Southeastern United States. Participant interviews were conducted in-person or virtually. PPP were asked to identify existing and needed parenting and recovery supports in their communities. Interviews were transcribed, verified for accuracy and coded using NVIVO software. Thematic analysis was framed by the Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) eight dimensions of wellness, which reflect wellness standards across life domains. Participants identified internal and external challenges including feelings of guilt and shame, treatment access issues, lack of recovery support, grief and loss and inadequate instrumental support. Needed supports were broadly categorised as parenting resources, childcare resources, housing supports, recovery supports, occupational training and assistance and spirituality resources, and then evaluated and sorted based on appropriate fit within the SAMHSA's eight dimensions of wellness. Highest perceived needs fit within Intellectual, Emotional, Spiritual and Environmental wellness dimensions, respectively. Healthcare providers promoting recovery for PPP should focus on support needs within SAMHSA's dimensions of wellness and develop strategies that address the full range of these critical wellness dimensions. Intellectual, emotional and tangible environmental supports including parenting and recovery skills training, accessible mental health care and residential housing with childcare availability are essential for long-term recovery and positive parenting.
... This framework suggests that an individual's health and wellness encompass various areas of life experiences, including both strengths and challenges (Swarbrick, 2006). Wellness takes a holistic approach by WAPR BULLETIN Nº 53 addressing numerous facets of well-being beyond just the physical, incorporating mental, emotional, social, developmental, and spiritual dimensions as essential components of health and recovery (Swarbrick, 1997;2006;. Such models are particularly beneficial for aging populations with complex needs, as they recognize the numerous social determinants of health shaped by years of managing mental health issues, including financial difficulties, underemployment, stigma, and social support (Zechner et al., 2022b). ...
The main aim of this article is to describe a new understanding of challenging behaviour, missed care and abuse in nursing homes. Challenging behaviour from residents and missed care and abuse from staff in nursing homes are complex and interrelated phenomena. These factors will also influence each other in an unpredictable manner. Challenging behaviour from residents, missed care and abuse from healthcare staff are phenomena that are closely linked, partly overlapping and often part of the same phenomenon with common triggering and maintaining factors. The scientific division of these phenomena into different research disciplines is therefore problematic. This division reduces the possibility for a common holistic understanding and the development of shared approaches in practice. In addition, the field also needs to move away from a culture where the responsibility or causes of these phenomena are mainly placed on the individual, whether it is a resident or an employee in a nursing home. Challenging behaviour has often been solely linked to individual characteristics of the resident, such as cognitive decline or dementia, and abuse and missed care have been linked to the individual staff members poor attitudes, using the term “perpetrators.”
... In the 1990s, "The wellness model" came to light, based on the "Wellness and Occupational Therapy" by Swarbrick [35] and Johnson [36]. This model stemmed from a "greater desire to address disparities facing people with or at risk of developing mental or substance use disorders". ...
Globally, designing cities to meet diverse community needs and improve well-being is becoming increasingly essential and challenging. At the foremost of this challenge is inclusive design (ID), which considers all individuals, is a key aspect, coinciding with a growing focus on public open spaces (POS), particularly after the outbreak of COVID-19. The pandemic and its aftermath led people to use POS to fulfill physical and recreational activities, revealing a lack of ID understanding for diverse abilities. Thus, there is a need to consider different design aspects of POS such as ease of accessibility, inclusiveness, and social interaction to maintain a wellbeing-oriented City design. From the previous, this paper aims to understand ID in POS and address design aspects in order to make cities more resilient under the mandate of Goal 11 of the sustainable development goals (SDGs). The paper follows three main phases: theoretical, identifying the research problem and framework; analytical, reviewing existing literature on universal and inclusive design (UID) strategies in POS; and empirical, analyzing a disability-friendly public beach in Alexandria as a case. The aim is to bridge the gap between design and user needs, proposing strategies and recommendations for future urban interventions
... The multi-dimensional wellness approach has been adopted in mental health practice over the last few decades [21]- [25]. They have attempted to shift the focus from illness and dependence, to a sense of empowerment and optimistic belief in the capacity to manage total health needs. ...
... The literature supports many wellness models. [25][26][27][28][29] Qualitative data analysis was conducted in alignment with six dimensions of wellnessenvironmental, financial, mental and emotional, physical, social, and spiritual wellness. For this project, we used the following operationalized definitions to understand each dimension. ...
Research Objectives
The Department of Veterans’ Affairs (VA) has implemented the Whole Health System (WH), an approach to care focusing on what matters to individual veterans to support health and well-being.1 The approach includes a personalized values-based health plan and complementary and integrative (CIH) health activities.2-4 The purpose of this locally initiated quality improvement effort is to explore veterans’ WH experiences, and the programs perceived effect on participants’ dimensions of wellness.
Design
A qualitative study design was used to conduct semi-structured telephone interviews; questions aligned with wellness constructs. Data were analyzed using rapid data matrix.5 Data were collected June 2020 through January 2021.
Setting
A WH flagship VA hospital located in the southeast United States.
Participants
This project used purposive recruitment of WH program participants, with emphasis on cohorts of particular interest to the VA including females (n=22) and Veterans with mental health conditions (n=21), chronic pain (n=27), and spinal cord injury (n=4). Participants met inclusionary criteria if they participated in at least two WH program activities.
Interventions
N/A.
Main Outcome Measures
The perceived effects of WH program participation on veterans’ well-being related to mental, emotional, social, physical, financial, spiritual, and environmental dimensions.
Results
Participants (N=50) were predominantly married, non-Hispanic white males with an average age of 61 years, with a college degree and an annual income of $50,000 or more. Data indicates veterans experienced improvements relevant to mental health, including mindfulness and coping strategies; physical ailments, including mobility, pain management, and sleep quality; and social engagement in group sessions and daily life. With respect to financial and spiritual wellness, veterans indicated minimal effect. Notably, approximately 5% of the sample indicated, without prompt, reduced suicidal ideation and improvements relevant to medication use.
Conclusions
WH program participation improved veterans’ mental, physical, and social well-being in an integrative, non-pharmacological manner. Further research is warranted to assess the impact of CIH approach to care on veterans’ health, specifically relevant to suicidal ideation and medication use.
Author(s) Disclosures
Non-disclosed.
... In reality, wellness is a balanced interplay between multiple dimensions of our lives, but most particularly requiring the ABC's of wellness: Activity and Attitude, Balance, and Control and Choice (Swarbrick, 1997), elements essential for wellness in all living beings. These encompass the need for exploring activities that promote positive attitudes, and convey transferable skills to improve daily living, along with ensuring a clear routine that promotes all 8 dimensions of wellness while encouraging flexibility of thinking, behaviors, and active coping skills to adapt well to the many and varied opportunities life brings. ...
Attachment Theory suggests interaction with caregivers in childhood impacts relationships and health throughout our lives (Bowlby, 1965, 1969, 1971), leaving many who have experienced insecure attachment with an inability to form healthy relationships or cope with stressors throughout their lifespan (Holmberg, Lomore, Takacs, & Price, 2011). Horses have interacted with humans for over 12,000 years (Hintz, 1995), holding multiple roles in human society, most relying on observation by humans of equine behavior, and formation of a human-equine bond (Hamilton, 2011). More securely attached humans tend to more readily decipher non-verbal cues, positively affecting their felt security and internal working model of Attachment (Bachi, 2013). Interacting with horses, who provide significant non-verbal cues, may provide an opportunity to enhance this process, providing useful feedback and insight. This study aimed to evaluate if a single ground-based encounter with a horse could bring about changes in women participants’ reports of Attachment and Emotion Regulation. It was hypothesized that participants would move towards more secure dimensions of Attachment and Emotion Regulations after the encounter with the horse and that behavioral interactions with the horse would differ for those with differing dimensions of Attachment or Emotion Regulation. This study incorporated a repeated measures mixed methods design, one twenty-eight year old Standardbred mare, “Wicky” Long Wick, interacted with 22 female university students with minimal prior equine experience aged 18-30. Participants completing a demographic and screening questionnaire along with the Experiences in Close Relationships –Revised (ECR)(Brennan, Clark, & Shaver, 1998) and Emotion Regulation Questionnaires (ERQ)(Gross & John, 2003) at baseline, then the ECR and ERQ again both immediately prior to and immediately following encounter with the horse. The encounter was videotaped and included meeting, grooming, leading, and goodbye. Statistical analyses were completed using SPSS including paired t-tests and correlations. Videotape was evaluated, coded, and included in both quantitative and qualitative data analyses. Participants were recruited and participated in the study over the period of one calendar year. A significant decrease in Attachment anxiety was shown after encountering the horse (t(21)=2.915, p=.008 (M .237364, SD= .381941)), and significantly less time was spent between the horse and participant at goodbye than at meeting (t (21)=2.751, p=.021 (M 42.045, SD= 71.67)), particularly for those with insecure dimensions of Attachment (t (15)= 2.814, p=.013 (M= 45.75, SD=65.03)). Participants with insecure dimensions of Attachment showed significant increases in cognitive reappraisal after encountering the horse (t(14)= -3.732, p=.002 (M -.411, SD= .4266)), and the greatest decreases in Attachment Anxiety (t(14)=3.364, p=.005 (M .307, SD= .354)). The findings suggest interaction between horses and people differs along Attachment dimensions and show some support for positive changes in humans for both Attachment and Emotion Regulation dimensions after interaction with a horse.
Objective: Despite a growing emphasis on holistic student wellness in higher education, sexual well-being often remains neglected as part of wellness. We conducted a website content review to assess the broad utilization of wellness models and the specific integration of sexual well-being into wellness programs.
Methods and results: Targeting 51 flagship and top 50 private institutions, we found that 82.35% of flagships and 64.00% of top private institutions mentioned some form of the wellness model. However, integration of the wellness model into on-campus or local resources varied considerably across institutions. Importantly, only two institutions (both private) addressed sexuality as its own unique dimension of wellness.
Conclusion: The current study underscores the need for wellness programs to include a focus on sexual well-being. Skills and knowledge that college students learn through wellness programs can help them make better health decisions and improve their quality of life while in college and beyond.
The main purpose of this study was to assess the relation of socio-demographic characteristics of teachers based on eight dimensions of wellness at Nekemte College of teacher education. The study participants were 52(50 males and 2 females) selected using purposive random sampling techniques. The study employed a descriptive survey research approach via qualitative research methods. The study instrument was questionnaires in which ten items were set for every eight dimensions of wellness incorporating four Likert scale options. The results of the study computed using an independent sample t-test revealed that natural science(M=2.377, SD=0.558) and social science (M = 2.299, S.D. = .624),P>.05, Df=50), males (M =2.351, SD =0.384), and females (M = 2.255, SD=.303, P>.05, Df=50 ), and data calculate using One way of ANOVA indicated that the test scores between three groups; age (F=≥.014≤1.217, P=>.05), level of education (F=≥.027≤1.459, P>.05), Length of experiences in teaching (F=≥.054≤1.459, P>.05) supposes to each component of eight dimensions of wellness for teachers, there was no a statistically significant difference respectively. The prediction model was statistically significant, P<.001, R2value of 0.677 indicates that 67.70% of the proportion of variance in the dependent variable explained by the independent variables. From the result, the researcher concluded that there was no statistical significance between groups concerning socio-demographic characteristics based on eight dimensions of wellness for teachers. Finally, the researcher forwards the recommendation thinking as the solution to intensify wellness programs with different activities/unique strategies that satisfy the teachers to be happy and have a healthy lifestyle in their working place, family, and community.
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