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Technologies libres et société
Abstract
Au peu d'utilisation des licences libres dans les domaines artistiques et scientifiques répond une prolifération de discours, où tente de se construire une communauté entre les collectifs d'utilisateurs. Pourtant, les enjeux économiques et sociaux des concepteurs de logiciels libres, des scientifiques et des artistes ne sont pas les mêmes. Mais ces communautés ont en commun un combat pour une société ouverte qui refuse l'appropriation privée de la circulation de l'information et promeut l'échange généralisé de signes et de richesses.
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All refereed journals will soon be available online; most of them already are. This means that anyone will be able to access them from any networked desk-top. The literature will all be interconnected by citation, author, and keyword/subject links, allowing for unheard-of power and ease of access and navigability. Successive drafts of pre-refereeing preprints will be linked to the official refereed draft, as well as to any subsequent corrections, revisions, updates, comments, responses, and underlying empirical databases, all enhancing the self-correctiveness, interactivity and productivity of scholarly and scientific research and communication in remarkable new ways. New scientometric indicators of digital impact are also emerging
The so-called "serial pricing crisis" has been with us for a long time. The responsibilities are now clearly identified: they rest squarely on the shoulders of commercial publishers. In the last few years, and perhaps because of the added challenges presented by digitization, attempts to slow down, stop and even reverse subscription price increases have emerged. Alternative forms of publishing are being explored and a petition — that of the Public Library of Science — is fueling several discussion lists. In the last 50 years, publishers have managed to transform scholarly journals — traditionally, a secondary, unpromising publishing venture at best — into big business. How they have managed to create extremely high profit rates is a story that has not yet been clearly told. What is the real basis behind this astounding capability? What is the source of their power? How can it be subverted? This presentation will address these questions. Recently, because of the advent of digitization and the Internet, the technical system of scientific communication has undergone a profound change that is still unfolding. We can be sure that scientific communication is morphing. Into what? To whose benefit? What transition phases can we expect? This presentation cannot hope to give final answers to such complex questions; more modestly, it will endeavor to sketch out two scenarios that are presently unfolding on courses that will eventually collide. Each one of these scenarios corresponds to a different take on the paradigmatic shift. Which one will win is unclear; it may even be that these two scenarios will compete for quite some time. This presentation asks whether the results of fundamental research in science, technology, and medicine —results that clearly stand at a pre-competitive stage if viewed in commercial terms, results that may even, in some cases, save lives — will remain part of humanity's knowledge commons, or whether they will be gradually confiscated for the benefit of smaller and smaller scientific and business elites. Published also in print format by ARL: ISBN 0-198006-81-30.
The Open Archives Initiative (OAI) develops and promotes interoperability solutions that aim to facilitate the efficient dissemination of content. The roots of the OAI lie in the E-Print community. Over the last year its focus has been extended to include all content providers. This paper describes the recent history of the OAI -- its origins in promoting E-Prints, the broadening of its focus, the details of its technical standard for metadata harvesting, the applications of this standard, and future plans.
La production de quelques sociabilités musicales d'aujourd'hui. [en ligne] Thèse de doctorat (n. r.) : Sciences de l'Information et de la Communication : Université Lille-III : 2001 : Elisabeth Fichez (dir.) : [réf
- François Debruyne
- Réseaux
Debruyne, François. Réseaux, espaces communs et espaces publics des musiques électroniques. La production de
quelques sociabilités musicales d'aujourd'hui. [en ligne]. Thèse de doctorat (n. r.) : Sciences de l'Information et de la
Communication : Université Lille-III : 2001 : Elisabeth Fichez (dir.) : [réf. du 14/03/2005]. Disponible sur Internet :
[http://www.univ-lille3.fr/theses/debruyne-francois/html/these_front.html].
La production de quelques sociabilités musicales d'aujourd'hui
- François Debruyne
- Réseaux
Debruyne, François. Réseaux, espaces communs et espaces publics des musiques électroniques. La production de
quelques sociabilités musicales d'aujourd'hui. [en ligne]. Thèse de doctorat (n. r.) : Sciences de l'Information et de la
Communication : Université Lille-III : 2001 : Elisabeth Fichez (dir.) : [réf. du 14/03/2005]. Disponible sur Internet :
[http://www.univ-lille3.fr/theses/debruyne-francois/html/these_front.html].