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Etude urbaine des Schémas provinciaux de 4 provinces au Burundi : Cankuzo, Gitega, Rutana et Ruyigi

September 2010

Authors:

Aix-Marseille University

Cette recherche menée pour le compte du Ministère de l'Aménagement du territoire, de l'Eau, de l'Environnement et de l'Urbanisme au Burundi et l'Union européenne, fait un état des lieux approfondi de la dynamique urbaine des provinces situées à l'est du pays. Elle témoigne des difficultés rencontrées par un pays essentiellement rural et fait part des perspectives de développement territorial et urbain pour les provinces de Cankuzo, Gutega, Rutana et Ruyigi

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Power, peace, and space in Africa: Revisiting territorial power sharing

January 2015 · African Affairs

Power-sharing agreements have become a blueprint for efforts to end violent conflicts in many parts of the world, particularly in Africa. Such agreements, however, rarely include territorial power sharing – at least, not according to the formal, rather unhelpful narrow definition that includes federalism and decentralization. This article argues that the concept of territorial power sharing needs ... [Show full abstract] to be broadened in order to account for the manifold informal or indirect manifestations of such arrangements. Drawing on extensive fieldwork data from the DRC, Liberia, and Kenya, the article analyses the history of spatiality and power in Africa in order to explain why formal mechanisms of territorial power sharing are rare and why more subtle types of informal territorial power sharing are much more common. Based on this analysis, we conclude that territorial power sharing is present in many African states, but that typically it is overlooked because of its informal nature.

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December 2016

La présente étude porte sur l'inventaire et la numérisation des échantillons de types nomenclaturaux et d'endémiques de la flore vasculaire d'Afrique Centrale (Burundi, Rwanda et RD Congo) conservés dans l'herbier de Lwiro. Les méthodes classiques de taxonomie d'herbier sont utilisées dans cette étude. L'analyse révèle une grande richesse floristique d'endémisme dans cette région du monde dont la ... [Show full abstract] majorité inventoriée dans cette recherche est récoltée dans le territoire de la RD Congo. Concernant les spécimens types, 29 spécimens (soit 28 taxa) regroupés en espèces, sous-espèces et variétés sont recensés dans cette étude. Abstract Numérisation des échantillons-types nomenclaturaux et de taxa (sub) endémiques d'Afrique Centrale. Le cas de l'herbier de Lwiro (LWI) à l'Est de la République Démocratique du Congo That study oriented on the digitization and the inventory of types and endemic of the vascular flora of Central Africa (Burundi, Rwanda and DR Congo) preserved in Lwiro herbarium. The herbarium taxonomy methods are used in that research. The analysis reveals a big wealth floristic of endemic in this region of the world of which the majority inventoried in this research is harvested in the territory of the DR Congo. Concerning types, 29 specimens (either 28 taxa) regrouped in species, subspecies and varieties are inventoried in this research.

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Politicised Ethnicity as ‘Experienced Reality’

January 2012

Carla Schraml

When introducing the concepts of nation state and ethnicity (see 6.2), I have focused on their historically interwoven connotations in order to conceive of politicised ethnicity. Politicised ethnicity describes the taken for granted notion implied in Andreas Wimmer’s quote that a nation state is to “be dyed by a nation’s color and designate ‘the people’ in whose name it rules over the territory” ... [Show full abstract] (Wimmer 1997: 634). Elsewhere Wimmer (2002: 212, emphasise added) is even more precise, arguing that against the background of the notion of modern nation state, “politics […] become[s] a matter of representing an ethnically defined people in whose interest the state is supposed to act”. In other words, ethnicity constitutes a taken for granted basis for political rights, claims, and representation, i.e., inclusion (see 1.1). Arguing in a similar way, Mahmood Mamdani (2002: 495) describes the idea, which for him is a colonial legacy, “that ancestry [i.e., according to the present definition: ethnicity, author’s note] should be the basis of rights” as common sense taken for granted in the Great Lakes Region in Africa, to which Rwanda and Burundi belong.

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January 1991

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May 2019 · Acta Tropica

Ten herd-level cross-sectional studies were conducted in peri-urban dairy production areas of seven West and Central African countries (Burkina Faso, Burundi, Cameroon, Mali, Niger, Senegal and Togo). The objectives were to estimate herd level Brucella spp. seroprevalence and identify risk factors for seropositivity. In each of the ten study areas, herds (between 52 and 142 per area, total = 965) ... [Show full abstract] were selected probabilistically and a structured questionnaire was administered to gather information on their structure and management. A bulk milk sample from each herd was tested by indirect ELISA for Brucella spp. For each area, herd seroprevalence estimates were obtained after adjusting for the assumed performance of the diagnostic test. Herd level risk factors for Brucella spp. seropositivity were identified by means of stratified logistic regression, with each peri-urban zone as a stratum. Area-specific models were also explored. Estimated herd seroprevalences were: Lomé (Togo) 62.0% (95% CI:55.0-69.0), Bamako (Mali) 32.5% (95% CI:28.0-37.0), Bujumbura (Burundi) 14.7% (95%CI:9.4-20.8), Bamenda (Cameroon) 12.6% (95% CI:7.6-21.9), Ouagadougou (Burkina Faso) 3.0% (95% CI:1.0-9.1), Ngaoundere (Cameroon) 2.3% (95% CI:1.0-7.0), Thies (Senegal) 1.3% (95% CI:0.1, 5.3), Niamey (Niger) 1.2% (95% CI:0.08-5.3), Dakar (Senegal) 0.2% (95% CI:0.01-1.7) and Niakhar (Senegal) <0.04%. Logistic regression modelling revealed transhumant herds to be at lower risk of infection (adjusted OR: 0.25, 95% CI: 0.13 - 0.5) and in one of the areas (Bamenda), regular purchase of new animals was found to be strongly associated with Brucella spp. seropositivity (adjusted OR = 5.3, 95% CI: 1.4-25.9). Our findings confirm that Brucella spp. circulates among dairy cattle supplying milk to urban consumers in West and Central Africa, posing a serious public health concern. Control programs are urgently needed in areas such as Lomé or Bamako, where more than 30% of the herds show evidence of infection.

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L'expansion du peuplement dans la région des grands lacs au XIXe siècle

March 2014 · Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines

Christian Thibon

At the turn of the twentieth century, the interlacustrine area had a population distributed like "leopard spots" while it occupied a space corresponding to the territorial limits of the centralized kingdoms of Buganda, Burundi, and Rwanda. This tendency resulted from a demographic catastrophe (1860-1920) which has strongly differentiated the territories. The first colonial estimates should not ... [Show full abstract] obscure the expansion and concentration of the population in the eighteenth and nineteenth centuries. This hypothesis is based on two case studies, one of a circumscribed area, the kingdom of Burundi, the other of a pioneering zone, the peoples of the western lakeside area (the western banks of Lakes Tanganyka and Kivu as well as the former Lakes Edward and George).

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The expansion of population in the region of the African rift lakes in the XIXth century

January 1989 · Canadian Journal of African Studies / Revue canadienne des études africaines

Christian Thibon

At the turn of the 20th century, the interlacustrine area had a population distributed like "leopard spots' while it occupied a space corresponding to the territorial limits of the centralised kingdoms of Uganda, Burundi, and Rwanda. This tendency resulted from a demographic catastrophe (1860-1920) which has strongly differentiated the territories. The first colonial estimates should not obscure ... [Show full abstract] the expansion and concentration of the population in the 18th and 19th centuries. This hypothesis is based on two case studies, one of a circumscribed area, the kingdom of Burundi, the other of a pioneering zone, the peoples of the western lakeside area (the western banks of Lakes Tanganyka and Kivu as well as the former Lakes Edward and George). -English summary

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Recent Developments in the Public Law of Francophone African States

September 1986 · Journal of African Law

Filip Reyntjens

The origin of the initial African constitutions is easy to establish. While the former British territories “received” their Westminster-type constitutions negotiated during the Lancaster House conferences, the former French territories, except Guinea, became independent under constitutions drawing heavily upon the constitution of the Fifth French Republic, of which they were virtual copies. Among ... [Show full abstract] the countries formerly under Belgian rule, the Congo (Zaïre) was the only one attaining independence with a constitution, the Loi fondamentale of 1960 which was an Act of the Belgian Parliament. Therefore, initially the degree of homogeneity was fairly large; there were basically three types of constitutions and the deviation from these models was limited. Admittedly subject to adaptations all the Westminster constitutions were similar, and in fact to some extent they still are; thus in its essential features the 1980 constitution of Zimbabwe draws from the same stock as its predecessors of the early 1960s. The first constitutions of the former French territories were, likewise, very similar, inspired as they were by the French constitution of 1958. The Loi fondamentale of the Congo was strongly influenced by the Belgian constitution, and so was the autochthonous constitution of Burundi which was promulgated a few months after independence in 1962. Many constitutions have since succeeded these initial texts: between 1960 and 1985 there have been 43 constitutions in the 18 French-speaking countries under consideration, i.e. an average of 2·4 constitutions per country. This flow has led to a considerable diversification of constitutional types.

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Programme of Implementation of the Peace Agreement between the Governments of the Republic of Rwanda...

January 1970

GOVERNMENT OF THE REPUBLIC OF THE RWANDA & GOVERNMENT OF THE DEMOCRATIC REPUBLIC OF THE CONGO

Document collected by the University of Texas Libraries from the web-site of the Reseau Documentaire International Sur La Region Des Grands Lacs Africains (International Documentation Network on the Great African Lakes Region). The Reseau distributes "gray literature", non-published or limited distribution government or NGO documents regarding the Great Lakes area of central Africa including ... [Show full abstract] Rwanda, Burundi, and the Democratic Republic of Congo. UT Libraries

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Mimesis and Remembrance

June 2012 · Performance Research

Lynne Kendrick

This article asks what is the function of theatrical simulation, or mimesis, in the testimonial performance genre? The analysis focuses on a verbatim project by Daedalus Theatre Company, A Place at the Table, an eye-witness exposé of the atrocities of the conflict in Burundi and the civil war in Rwanda, 1993 – 1994. This production was a design-led, overtly theatrical response to the varying ... [Show full abstract] documented ‘truths’ about these events, from UN Security Council reports to personal testimony, that positioned the performers as multiple testifying subjects, emerging in a range of performance genres from seemingly realist performance, to abstract embodied simulation of the disputed territories. These performances, a combination of conscious theatrical replaying, testimonial and remembrance, drew heavily on theatrical simulation; a particular testimonial mimesis. To explore how this might function as a part of the testimonial genre, I draw on the theories of mimesis by Roger Caillois and the more positive version thereof by Michael Taussig. Caillois's material mimesis is a dangerous lure between self and space based on the desire not for visual replication or the facsimilie of similarity, but for the act of being similar. Taussig interprets in this temptation a potential for the self to playfully sample the Other, an act of selfing of space which suggests agency in mimesis. My analysis of this in A Place at the Table countenances possibilities in the performance of the intolerable, and offers an example of Ranciere's witness as artist, not victim. Thus I argue for an emancipated understanding of mimesis that asks us to consider the agency of performing the remembered.

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The Development Push of Refugees: Evidence from Tanzania

October 2014 · Journal of Economic Geography

We exploit a 1991–2010 Tanzanian household panel to assess the effects of the temporary refugee inflows originating from Burundi (1993) and Rwanda (1994). We find that the refugee presence has had a persistent and positive impact on the welfare of the local population. We investigate the possible channels of transmission, underscoring the importance of a decrease in transport costs as a key ... [Show full abstract] driver of this persistent change in welfare. We interpret these findings as the ability of a temporary shock to induce a persistent shift in the equilibrium through subsequent investments rather than a switch to a new equilibrium in a multiple-equilibrium setting.

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Etude urbaine des Schémas provinciaux de 4 provinces au Burundi : Cankuzo, Gitega, Rutana et Ruyigi

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