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El papel de las entidades de crédito en el desarrollo económico almeriense
Abstract
Almería ha desarrollado un modelo económico alternativo a los modelos de desarrollo industrial. Dicho modelo se ha basado en un crecimiento endógeno apoyado en el factor trabajo, y en la maduración de una agricultura de alto rendimiento y de naturaleza fordista. La ausencia de grandes capitales en la provincia propició asimismo un modelo de financiación diferencial novedoso basado en el cooperativismo.
... Local Almeria economists [67,71] claim that, in general, "financing needs were low and there was very little linkage between financial and agricultural sectors." Production depended on natural factors (availability of some water, cheap land, and a sunny climate), abundance of cheap and young labor, and low capital requirements given basic technology and the absence of a marketing structure. ...
Cooperatives fulfilled a broad and central role not only in the economic development, but also in the creation of civil society, in a population decimated and fragmented by the politics and culture of the Franco dictatorship. The province of Almeria, Spain, is an example of smallholding rapid development due to the expansion of intensive greenhouse horticulture. It was the poorest Spanish province per capita in 1955, semi-arid, drought-ridden, and devoid of significant infrastructure. Its undereducated population held little promise for economic growth and a massive migration out of the province left it depopulated. Subsequent economic and social development of Almeria was closely tied to the establishment of both credit and agricultural cooperatives, which supported a new greenhouse agriculture for small plot family farmers organized around cooperatives. This paper focuses on how cooperatives were fundamental in constructing civil society for the benefit of poor rural people, even in the presence of significant negative social capital and undemocratic institutions during the Franco dictatorship. As the sector has modernized and matured, cooperatives have led the sustainable transformation of the business ecosystem. However, current shortcomings in the Almeria cooperative movement and civil society and challenges yet to be met are also raised.
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