Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe Odontochilina W. Horn in a new sense -11

Abstract

Results of a taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision of the genus Cenothyla Rivalier, 1969 with type species Cicindela consobrina Lucas, 1857 is presented with a brief history and lectotype designations in relevant taxa. The revision has confirmed that Cenothyla is clearly a delimited genus separated from the related genus Odontocheila Laporte de Castelnau, 1834 by the shape of the aedeagus, namely by the characteristic structure of the internal sac which in Cenothyla lacks any trace of a flagellum, and contains unique sclerites.

Full text

Taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision within the Neotropical genera of the subtribe
Odontochilina W. Horn in a new sense - 11.
The genus Cenothyla Rivalier, 1969 (Coleoptera: Cicindelidae)
Jiří MORAVEC
Sadová 336/21, 679 04 Adamov 1, Czech Republic
email: jirmor@quick.cz
Taxonomy, nomenclature, new combination, new status, new species, Coleoptera, Cicindelidae, Odontocheilina,
Cenothyla, Amazon Basin
Abstract. Results of a taxonomic and nomenclatorial revision of the genus Cenothyla Rivalier, 1969 with type
species Cicindela consobrina Lucas, 1857 is presented with a brief history and lectotype designations in relevant
taxa. The revision has conrmed that Cenothyla is clearly a delimited genus separated from the related genus
Odontocheila Laporte de Castelnau, 1834 by the shape of the aedeagus, namely by the characteristic structure
of the internal sac which in Cenothyla lacks any trace of a agellum, and contains unique sclerites. Three new
species are described as new for science, and one new combination is made. Consequently, the genus now comprises
seven species: C. consobrina (Lucas, 1857), C. postica (Chaudoir,1860) stat. restit., C. posticoides sp. nov., C.
fulvothoracica sp. nov., C. varians (Gory, 1833), C. rietscheli (Wiesner, 2007) comb. nov. and C. klichai sp. nov.
It is concluded that the replacement of the name Cenothyla varians (based on Cicindela varians Gory, 1833), with
the rst available synonym Cenothyla cognata (based on Odontocheila cognata Chaudoir, 1843) by Cassola (1999)
was invalid as in contradiction to Art. 23.9.5 (ICZN 1999). Illustrations of the habitus, diagnostic characters and
variability of all species are presented in colour photographs.
INTRODUCTION
This paper is a continuation of the ongoing taxonomic revision of ten Neotropical
genera of the subtribe Odontocheilina W. Horn, 1899 by the author. The aim of this series
of papers (see Moravec 2012a,b,c, 2013 and 2014, Duran & Moravec 2013, Moravec &
Duran 2013 and Moravec & Brzoska 2013, 2014a,b,c) is to publish signicant taxonomic and
nomenclatorial changes or descriptions of new taxa to be available before the completion of
the nal comprehensive publication.
Regarding the subtribe Odontochilina, as previously discussed by Moravec (2012a,b),
the subtribe is in this series of papers dened exclusively for the Neotropical genera, and
in the present sense separated from the subtribe Prothymina W. Horn, 1910 sensu Rivalier
(1969,1971). The reason for such a classication is that in contrast to the characters given
by Rivalier (1969, 1971) for his wide concept of the subtribe Prothymina, many species of
the Neotropical Odontochilina placed within Prothymina by Rivalier, possess a setal vesture,
developed to various degrees.
In this paper, results of the revision of the genus Cenothyla Rivalier, 1969 are presented.
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Studies and Reports
Taxonomical Series 11 (1): 77-122, 2015

78
HISTORY
The genus Cenothyla with the type species Cicindela consobrina (Lucas, 1857) was
established by Rivalier (1969) as characterized by a very different internal sac of the aedeagus
lacking a agellum and thus diagnostically distinguished from the genus Odontocheila
Laporte de Castelnau, 1834. Cenothyla was maintained as the separate genus also by Rivalier
(1971) and the generic status was accepted by consequent specialists in Cicindelidae, such as
Cassola (1999, 2001), Wiesner (1992), Rodriguez, Joly & Pearson (1994), Pearson, Buestán
& Navarrete (1999), Pearson, Guerra & Brzoska (1999), Naviaux (2002) and others.
Pearson, Buestán & Navarrete (1999) and Pearson, Guerra & Brzoska (1999) noted
that preliminary analysis of mtDNA by Vogler & Pearson (1996) indicated that the genus
Cenothyla is not sufciently distinct to justify generic status and likely should be returned to
Odontocheila. Subsequently, Lorenz (1998a,b, 2005a,b) and Erwin & Pearson (2008) have
listed Cenothyla as a subgenus of Odontocheila. Nevertheless, there is no denite result in
Vogler & Pearson (1996) regarding Odontocheila versus Cenothyla, the authors only noted:
“The Pentacomia/Odontocheila group is paraphyletic and includes small genera such as
Cenothyla and Cheilonycha”. Pons & Vogler (2006) mentioned: “Most of the analysis also
retrieved the monophyletic groups within Prothymina: (1) Odontocheila plus Cenothyla, (2)
Pentacomia sp. plus Cheilonycha”. Owing to the primarily methodical nature of their paper,
the exact quality of samplings within the genera is not obvious, nor do the results support
the suggestion to connect these genera, of which Odontocheila is paraphyletic among the
“Odontocheila plus Cenothyla” monophyletic group. It is not clear if the sample of Cenothyla
consobrina from Napo, Ecuador used for the molecular test by Vogler & Pearson (1996)
was previously studied also regarding its genitalia or was identied as such for its external
characters only. Specimens of this and other species of Cenothyla have been commonly
confused in collections with Odontocheila trilbyana Thomson, 1857. They are externally
very similar and often of a sympatric or even syntopic occurrence. Pearson & Vogler (2001)
mentioned Cenothyla both as a genus (p. 134 and 162) and as a subgenus of Odontocheila
(p 283).
Notwithstanding, I believe that any results of molecular tests must be always evaluated
by comparison with other morphology, and that in the case of Cenothyla the characters of the
aedeagus and internal sac are sufciently diagnostic for the generic separation.
Consequently, Cenothyla is here maintained as a separate genus, related to Odontocheila
Laporte de Castelnau, 1834, but distinctly delimited from it by the shape of the aedeagus
and a characteristic structure of the internal sac which lacks any trace of a agellum, and
possesses sclerites of a shape which does not occur in Odontocheila and are unique within
the subtribe Odontocheilina.
As a result of the revision presented here, the genus Cenothyla comprises seven species:
C. consobrina (Lucas, 1857), C. postica (Chaudoir, 1860) stat. restit., C. posticoides sp. nov.,
C. fulvothoracica sp. nov, C. varians (Gory, 1833), C. rietscheli (Wiesner, 2007) comb. nov.
and C. klichai sp. nov.
Regarding the history of the nomenclature of Cenothyla varians (Gory, 1833), see under
this species here.

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MATERIAL AND METHODS
Body length is measured without labrum and is the distance from the anterior margin of the
clypeus to the elytral apex (including the sutural spine). The width of the pronotum includes
the lateral margins of the proepisterna (as both the proepisterna and the notopleural sutures
are visible from above). The width of the head is measured across the eyes, the distance
between their outer margins. The term “aedeagus” here refers to the median lobe of the organ
(without parameres). All dimensions of aedeagi are measured (and primarily gured) in their
left lateral position where the basal portion (with basal orice) points to the right and the left
lateral outline (with dorsoapical orice) faces dorsally, provided that the ventral outline of
the median portion is settled in its vertical position, and both upper and lower walls of the
dorsoapical orice are in the same line. The treatment and mounting of the aedeagi, in order
to observe the structure of the internal sac, followed the usual procedure as modied and the
terms explained by Moravec (2002, 2010). The position of the aedeagus is very important for
the real shape of the apex of the aedeagus and sclerites forming the structure of the internal
sac. The shape of the sclerites depends both on their positioning within the internal sac, as
well as on the position of the internal sac within the aedeagus - the sclerites can be variously
swung, and the whole internal sac inside the aedeagus can be turned, and consequently, the
appearance of the structure may be changed.
The colour photographs of the habitus and diagnostic characters, including aedeagi,
were taken with a Nikon Coolpix 990 digital camera through an MBS-10 binocular stereo
microscope.
The morphological terminology is mostly adopted from Torre-Bueno dictionary (Nichols
1989), those describing the surface macrosculpture partly from Harris (1979), but many
terms were proposed by Moravec (2002, 2007, 2010).
Labels are cited in the following manner: lines on the same label are separated by slash
/, separate labels are indicated by double-slash //; each specimen or a series of specimens are
separated by a full stop. The colour of the label and mode of writing appear in square brackets
(in type specimens only, while in other specimens the citation is mostly restricted to locality
labels). Words printed in labels in full capital letters are transcribed as normal letters here
(capitals are used in abbreviations only). It should be noted that a date on some labels with
the name of a museum collection denotes the year in which the specimen was accessioned
(donated) to the recent collection (e.g. MNHN, BMNH), mostly not the year in which it was
collected.
The list (catalogue) under the species name in the descriptive part is selective. It means
that it gives the original name combination, as well as the rst publication of all subsequent
taxonomic or nomenclatorial acts concerning the taxon, and of only available names.
Following abbreviations of type status are used in the descriptions and captions below
the illustrations: HT = holotype; PT = paratype, AT = allotype; LT = lectotype, PLT =
paralectotype.
Abbreviations for the collections:
ASUT Arizona State University, Tempe, U.S.A.
BMNH The Natural History Museum London, U.K.;

80
COSJ Collection Ondřej Šafránek, Jiřetín pod Jedlovou, Czech Republic;
CCJM Collection Cicindelidae Jiří Moravec, Adamov, Czech Republic;
CJVB Collection Jan Vybíral, Židlochovice u Brna, Czech Republic;
CMJO Collection Milada Jančíková, Olomouc, Czech Republic;
CMKP Collection Miroslav Klícha, Praha, Czech Republic;
CMNH Carnegie Museum of Natural History, Pittsburgh, U.S.A.;
CPVP Collection Petr Votruba, Praha, Czech Republic;
DBCN Insect Collection of David W. Brzoska, Naples, Florida, U.S.A.;
CDCL Collection Charles Dheurle, Langres, France;
FSCA Florida State Collection of Arthropods, Department of Agriculture, Gainesville,
Florida, U.S.A.;
INPA Instituto de Pesquisas da Amazonia, Manaus, Brazil;
IRSNB Institut Royal des Sciences Naturelles de Belgique, Brussels, Belgium;
JWCW Collection Jürgen Wiesner, Wolfsburg, Germany;
KCBC collection Arnošt Kudrna, České Budějovice, Czech Republic;
MFNB Museum für Naturkunde der Humboldt-Universität, Berlin, Germany;
MNHN Muséum national d’Histoire naturelle, Paris, France;
MPEG Museu Paraense Emilio Goeldi, Belem, Brazil;
NHMK Natural History Museum, University of Kansas, Lawrence, Kansas U.S.A.;
RLHC Collection Ronald L. Huber, Bloomington, Minnesota, U.S.A.;
SDEI Senckenberg Deutsches Entomologisches Institut, Müncheberg, Germany;
USNM Smithsonian Institution, Entomology, Washington DC, U.S.A.
TAXONOMY
Note: the spelling “Odontochila” is an unjustied emendation by Agassiz (1846), of the
genus-group name Odontocheila Laporte de Castelnau, 1834.
Genus Cenothyla Rivalier, 1969
Cenothyla Rivalier, 1969: 217.
Odontocheila subgen. Cenothyla: Lorenz 1998a: 35, 1998b: 63.
Type species. Cicindela consobrina Lucas, 1857 (by original designation).
Differential diagnosis. Body small to large, 9.20-14.7 mm long, appearance virtually
indistinguishable from several species of the genus Odontocheila, namely from a few species
which possess punctate-setose areas on the metasternum. However, the genus Cenothyla
is principally distinguished from Odontocheila by its narrower shape of the aedeagus and
particularly by the characteristic structure of the internal sac which is in all species of
Cenothyla almost uniform and without any trace of a agellum. It contains a very thin arciform
piece, large, strongly chitinized oblong ventral sclerite with a short vermiform appendage at
its base, and a dorsal sclerite which may resemble a spur, but is in fact a membranous piece
folded in middle as clearly obvious in right lateral aspect of most examined aedeagi.

81
In contrast, Odontocheila is clearly delimited genus characterized by a voluminous
aedeagus the internal sac of which contains a convoluted agellum consisting of a bulbous base
and very long, multicoiled agelliform part protruding from dorsoapical orice. Moreover,
the analogous characteristic ventral sclerite within the internal sac in Odontocheila differs in
its voluminous, oval to reniform shape (Fig. 131). By the complex of both the external and
internal characters, the genus Cenothyla is clearly delimited also from the genus Pentacomia
Bates, 1872 and all its subgenera.
Biology and distribution. All species of Cenothyla occur in the Amazonian rainforests
spreading along the numerous tributaries of the vast Amazon Basin, or at borders of the area,
which according to veried specimens includes French Guyana, Surinam, Ecuador Peru,
Bolivia and Brazil. Adults have diurnal activity, usually ying along shady and wet, paths
and small openings on the forest oor, also near river edges; during the night they are hidden
sitting underneath foliage of low vegetation.
Remarks. The schematic drawing of the aedeagus for the type species C. consobrina (Lucas,
1857) and for C. varians (Gory, 1833) by Rivalier (1969, Figs. 13c,v) (no origin given by
him) and inaccurate drawing of sclerites within the internal sac show obviously a deformed
aedeagi and internal sacs by wrong treatment when he extracted the internal sacs from the
aedeagi and mounted them between two glasses; the voluminous ventral piece drawn for C.
consobrina by Rivalier (1969, Figs. 13c) was attened, thus showing a deformed, widened
shape, and the basal arcuate-bent thin piece illustrated by Rivalier for both these species in
fact does not exist and was drawn by him under an illusion. A brown glue used by Rivalier for
these mountings (deposited in MNHN as “Lame” and numbered according to labels attached
to relevant specimens) has penetrated inside the mountings and after it dried it caused a heavy
damage or mostly entire destruction of the internal sac, so the mountings are now unusable
for any research. Unfortunately, this problem also affects aedeagi (also of type specimens) of
most other species of tiger beetles treated by Rivalier (see also Moravec 2010).
KEY TO SPECIES OF THE GENUS CENOTHYLA
(lateral and anterior area of metasternum always punctate-setose;
labrum of old specimens usually irregularly dark-tarnished and coloration of appendages
often faded)
1 Ventral area including abdomen metallic-black .................................................................................................. 4
- Abdomen, metatibiae and metatarsi testaceous, or also metasternum testaceous .............................................. 2
2 Abdomen, metasternum, metepisterna, tibiae, mesotarsi, metatarsi and labrum testaceous; palpi with only
terminal palpomeres black-darkened; female unknown .............................................. C. fulvothoracica sp. nov.
- Abdomen, metatibiae and metatarsi testaceous, metasternum black .................................................................. 3
3 Aedeagus with rather short apex; body dorsally more iridescent, femora in male usually somewhat darkened,
in female almost black; both penultimate and terminal palpomeres of maxillary palpi black (faded in old
specimens) ......................................................................................................................... C. postica (Chaudoir)
- Aedeagus with prominently elongated apex; all leg segments testaceous (tarsi with reddish iridescence,
particularly more intense on protarsi); palpi yellow-ochre except for brownish-darkened terminal palpomeres .
........................................................................................................................................... C. posticoides sp. nov.

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4 Metatarsi metallic-black, body usually not reaching 12 mm .............................................................................. 5
- Metatarsi and metatibiae pale yellow to ochre-testaceous; both penultimate and terminal palpomeres of
maxillary palpi black; aedeagus with only moderately elongated and slightly ventrally directed apex; body
larger, 11-14.7 mm ............................................................................................................ C. consobrina (Lucas)
5 Aedeagus narrowed into almost straight and usually slightly dorsally turned apex; labrum predominantly
testaceous, only exceptionally with black-darkened basomedian area; humeral macula rather elongate and
present in both sexes; surface of abdominal ventrites with indistinct, sparsely scattered microsetae ...................
........................................................................................................................ C. rietscheli (Wiesner) comb. nov.
- Aedeagus with moderately ventrally directed apex ............................................................................................ 6
6 Body small, length of males up to 9.60 mm, females up to 10.2 mm; surface of abdominal ventrites glabrous;
labrum predominantly testaceous, rarely with black-darkened limited basomedian area; elytral anteapical
macula in male mostly prolonged as a thin stripe along apical margin towards suture, humeral macula absent
in female; aedeagus both dorsally and ventrally rather abruptly constricted into narrow, moderately elongate
subcylindric, ventrally directed apex ....................................................................................... C. varians (Gory)
- Body larger, length of males surpassing 10.3 mm, females up to 11.8 mm; surface of abdominal ventrites rather
densely covered with microsetae; basomedian area of labrum always metallic-black; elytral anteapical macula
in both sexes small, never prolonged towards suture; humeral macula present in both sexes; aedeagus dorsally
conically attenuated into rather short, moderately ventrally directed apex ............................. C. klichai sp. nov.
Cenothyla consobrina (Lucas, 1857)
(Figs. 1, 10-24)
Cicindela consobrina Lucas, 1857: 37.
Odontochila consobrina: Fleutiaux 1892: 122.
Cenothyla consobrina: Rivalier 1969: 217, 218, g. 13.
Odontocheila (Cenothyla) consobrina consobrina: Lorenz 1998a: 36.
Type locality. Peru: Mission de Sarayacu on the Ucayali (= Oucayale) River, 6°47´S, 75°07´W (Pampas del
Sacramento area).
Type material. Lectotype (designated here) ♂ in MNHN, labelled: “10 / 47” [rounded, handwritten, on its dorsal
side plain-green] // “Muséum Paris / Amerique du Sud / De Castelnau 1847” [printed/handwritten] // Lectotype /
Cicindela / consobrina Lucas, 1857 / design. Jiří Moravec 2014” [red. printed] // “Cenothyla / consobrina (Lucas,
1857) / det. Jiří Moravec 2014” [printed]. Paralectotypes. 2 ♂♂ in MNHN with same labels as in lectotype; one of
them with: “1481 / Rivalier” [handwritten, referring to separately mounted aedeagus]. 1 ♂ in MNHN with same rst
rounded label as in lectotype and: “Muséum Paris / Pérou / Pampas del Sacramento / De Castelnau 1847” [printed].
All paralectotypes labelled: “Revision Jiří Moravec 2014: / Paralectotype / Cicindela / consobrina Lucas, 1857” [red,
printed] // “Cenothyla / consobrina (Lucas, 1857) / det. Jiří Moravec 2014” [printed].
Other material examined. Historical data. 1 ♀ in MNHN: with same labels as in lectotype and: “Cicindela /
consobrina Lucas” [handwritten]. 4 ♂♂, 4 ♀♀ in MNHN: “Muséum Paris / Pérou / Pampas del Sacramento / De
Castelnau 1847”. 1 ♂ in MNHN: “Pebas / Amazones / M. de Mathan / 1880” // “Muséum Paris / Coll. R. Oberthür”
// édeage / 1467 / Rivalier” [referring to separately mounted aedeagus]. 1 ♀ 1 ♂ in MNHN: “Canelos / Ecuador”
// “Ex Museo / H.W. Bates / 1892” // “Consobrina / Lucas” // “1482 / Rivalier” [referring to separately mounted
aedeagus]. Other data. 2 ♂♂ in BMNH: “ Ecuador Napo / Muyuna, 500 m. / 5k. W of Tena / M. Cooper”. 1 ♂ in
BMNH: “47503” // “Ecuador”. 1 ♂ in BMNH, 1 ♂ in SDEI: “Coca / (Ecuador) / R.B.Haensh”. 1 ♂ in SDEI: “Pebas
/ Amazon”. 1 ♂ in MFNB: “Amazonas”. 1 ♂ in MNHN: “Pérou / Pebas”. 1 ♀ in MNHN: “Amazones / Pebas”. 1 ♀
in SDEI: “Napo / Ecuador”. 1 ♂ in SDEI: “Aguano / Ecuador”. 1 ♂ in SDEI: “Archidona / Ecuador”. 1 ♂ in SDEI:
“Petras Ob./ Amazon”. 1 ♂ in SDEI: “Donckier / Oberthür” [no locality]. 1 ♂ in CMNH: “Ecuador: Napo / Sacha
nr Lago / Agrilo, June 1983 / J. Boos”. 1 ♀ in CMNH: ibid., except for: “10.Aug.1983”. “Explornapo Camp, Peru /
VII-1991 / S. Timme” // “rain forest”. 8 ♂♂, 4 ♀ in DBCN: “Peru-Loreto / Explornapo Camp / Acer - Río Sucusari
/ D. Brzoska 17-18-IV-1995”. 1 ♂, 2 ♀♀ in DBCN: ibid, except for: “forest trail / 03°15´50´´S, 72°55´06´´W /
D. Brzoska 20-10-2000”. 4 ♂♂, 6 ♀♀ in DBCN, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ in CCJM: “Ecuador-Napo / Yuturi Lodge-Yuturi R. /
00°32.9´S; 76°02.3´W / D. Brzoska 19-21-III-1999”. 1 ♂ in ASUT: “Ecuador - Napo - Yusuni / Puce BS 3/23-25/95
/ 76°23´W 0°40´S, 250m / M.Bass & N.Pitman (A.Forsyth)”. 1 ♂ in RLHC: “PERU: Loreto / 200km N Iquitos /

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Figs. 1-5. Habitus of Cenothyla: 1- C. consobrina (Lucas), ♂, 12.7 mm, LT (MNHN); 2- C. varians (Gory), ♂, 9.3
mm, LT (MNHN); 3- C. varians (Gory), ♀, 9.9 mm, PLT (MNHN); 4 - C. rietscheli (Wiesner) comb. nov., ♂, 10.2
mm, PT (JWCW); 5- C. klichai sp. nov., 10.5 mm, HT (MNHN).

84
17 July 1987 / D.L. Pearson”. 1 ♂ in CMKP: “Peru - Iquitos / Sinchucui River / 2-3.XII.1994 / Klicha M. lgt.” //
“Shady and / wetly path / in a jungle”. 1 ♂ in CCJM: “Ecuador, prov. Pastaza / Arajuno, 750 m / 3-10.XII.2000
lgt. V. Kabourek”. 1 ♂ in JWCW, 1 ♀ in RLHC: “Ecuador, Sucumbios / Panacocha / D. L. Pearson, 17.I.1996”.
1 ♂ in JWCW: “Ecuador, Napo Distr. / Loreto / 17.II-14.III.1996 J. Strnad leg.”. 1 ♀ in JWCW, 1 ♂ in RLHC:
“Ecuador, Napo / Jatun Sacha / 30.X.1996 V. Nuñez”. 1 ♂ in RLHC: “Ecuador: “ECUADOR: Napo / Limoncocha
/ 5.July 1971 / D.L. Pearson”. 1 ♂ in RLHC: ibid., except for: “14.July 1971”. 1 ♂ in RLHC: ibid., except for: “28.
Dec.1971”. 1 ♀ in RLHC: ibid., except for: 16.Feb.1972”. 1 ♂ in RLHC: ibid., except for: “21.Oct.1979”. 1 ♂ in
RLHC: ibid., except for: “29.June 1973 W. Fitch”. 1 ♂ in RLHC: “ECUADOR: Prov. Oriente / Lake Taracoa, trail /
fm Napo R., 9 Apr 1978 / Wayne Fitch”. 1 ♂ in ASUT: “Ecuador: Napo / 39 km s. Pompeya / 3 Oct.1994 (220 m) /
D. L. Pearson”. 1 ♂ in ASUT, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ in RLHC: “Ecuador: Napo / 100 km e Coca / 18.Sept.1992 / D. L. Pearson”.
1 ♂ in RLHC: ibid., except for: “14.Sept.1992”. 1 ♀ in ASUT: “Napo / Bella Rosa / 12-VI.98”[partly illegible]. 1 ♂
in BMNH: “Ecuador Yusuni Nat. Park / Tiputini Research Station / 21.XI-04.XII.2013 FIT bycatch / T. L. Erwin &
B.H. Garner / BMNH {E}2013-193”.
Redescription. Body (Fig. 1) medium-sized to large, 11.0-14.7 (LT 12.7) mm long, 3.20-
4.50 (LT 3.90) mm wide (females usually distinctly larger than males), dorsal surface dark
copper with brighter reddish-cupreous sublateral areas, passing to iridescent-green to blue
narrow lateral areas; elytral white maculation consisting of three maculae in male (humeral
macula entirely absent in female).
Head (Fig.12) large, only slightly narrower than body, 3.20-4.20 mm wide; all head
portions glabrous.
Frons with moderately triangular anterior margin, steeply sloped towards clearly separated
clypeus; anterior juxtaclypeal and lateral areas smooth, almost black or with green and
violaceous lustre; median area of blunt frons-vertex fold uently passing to vertex, black-
copper with reddish, rarely green-blue iridescence, covered with very ne vermicular rugae
mostly transversely arranged; supraantennal plates elongate-triangular, smooth and shiny
violet-green, their apices forming a part of rather sharp frons-vertex lateral edges.
Vertex at in middle; anteromedian area including the frons-vertex fold covered with
mostly transversely arranged, vermicular to wavy rugae; narrow median area vermicular-
rugulose, rugae divergent in middle and passing posteriad, irregularly wavy, becoming
longitudinal-wavy and ner on posterior area; sublateral areas are with parallel-wavy or
zigzag-wavy or very irregular rugae which are more parallel and divergent posteriad; large
juxtaorbital areas more distinctly longitudinally parallel-striate, passing onto temples; surface
of occipital area very nely asperate.
Clypeus reddish-cupreous, usually with iridescent green or green-blue lustre on anterior
and lateral areas, rather distinctly irregularly rugulose.
Genae metallic black with violaceous or green lustre, almost smooth or very indistinctly
shallowly striate, more distinctly on postgenal areas.
Labrum 4-setose, in both sexes ochre to reddish-testaceous with metallic-black
basomedian area which is usually very large, in female mostly prevailing (labrum in old
specimens usually darkened); male labrum (Fig. 10) rather long, 0.90-1.05 mm long, 1.30-
1.60 mm wide, with mostly acute basolateral teeth, anterior margin moderately constricted
towards rounded lateral teeth, and three acute or subacute anterior teeth (median tooth usually
somewhat smaller); female labrum (Fig. 11) much longer, length 1.45-1.60 mm, width 1.70-
1.85 mm, similarly shaped but tridentate median lobe with distinctly protruding median tooth.

85
Figs. 6-9. Habitus of Cenothyla: 6- C. postica (Chaudoir), ♀, 12.1 mm, PLT (MNHN); 7- C. postica (Chaudoir), ♂,
11.4 mm, LT (MNHN); 8- C. fulvothoracica sp. nov., ♂, 12.2 mm, HT (DBCN, later NHMK); 9- C. posticoides sp.
nov., ♂, 10.7 mm (MNHN).

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Figs. 10-24. Cenothyla consobrina (Lucas): 10-11: labrum (10- ♂, LT; 11- ♀, “Amerique du Sud / De Castelnau
1847” (MNHN); 12- head, ♂, LT; 13- pronotum, ♂, LT; 14-15: elytron (14- ♂, LT; 15- ♀, “Amerique du Sud de
Castelnau 1847” (MNHN); 16-24: aedeagi or their apical parts (16- LT; 17- “Pampas del Sacramento, De Castelnau
1847”, PLT (MNHN); 18- Ecuador, Yusuni N.Park (BMNH); 19- Peru, Loreto, Aceer Rio Sucusari (DBCN); 20-
Amazones, (MFNB); 21-24- internal sac (21-22- Ecuador, Yusuni N.Park (BMNH); 23-24- PLT (MNHN). Bars =
1 mm.

87
Mandibles (Fig. 12) normally shaped with arcuate lateral margins, each mandible with
four teeth (and basal molar), subsymmetrical, the three inner teeth becoming gradually
smaller towards the basal molar but teeth of right mandible more robust; coloration dark
reddish-brown except for indistinct narrow, ivory-yellow lateral stripe.
Palpi (Fig. 12) normally shaped with elongate terminal palpomeres; maxillary palpi ochre-
yellow to ochre with both penultimate and terminal palpomeres in both sexes black; labial palpi
with terminal palpomere black, penultimate (longest) palpomere ochre-testaceous or usually
black-darkened, elongate, moderately and gradually dilated towards 0.20-025 mm wide apex.
Antennae rather long, in male reaching or slightly surpassing elytral half, in female
somewhat shorter; scape with only apical seta, metallic black (in old specimens faded to
black-brown) with strong blue or violaceous-blue lustre, basal and ventral area usually much
paler, ochre-testaceous; pedicel concolorous with scape, sometimes with paler apical belt;
antennomeres 3-4 black with strong purple or violaceous lustre, often with darker apices,
covered with usual, sparse indistinct setae; antennomeres 5-11 smoky-black with normal
micropubescence.
Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 13) as long as wide or very slightly longer, length 1.90-2.20 mm,
width 1.85-2.10 mm, dark cupreous in middle with strong, bright reddish-cupreous sublateral
areas passing to iridescent green-blue lateral areas and violaceous juxtanotopleural areas;
sulci well pronounced (anterior sulcus deep only laterally); anterior lobe notably wider than
the posterior, its anterior margin in middle prolonged anteriad, rather coarsely and densely
irregularly vermicular-rugulose; disc with moderately convex lateral margins (including
dorsally visible proepisterna), usually gradually attenuated towards posterior sulcus, but
indistinct notopleural sutures running mutually subparallel; median line indistinct, often
partly merging with surface sculpture; discal surface densely but rather coarsely irregularly
wavy to vermicular-rugulose; more transverse but shallower rugae on lateral areas reaching
notopleural sutures; posterior lobe with distinct basal rim, surface irregularly covered with
coarser vermicular to transverse-wavy rugae, dorsolateral bulges moderate; whole dorsal
surface glabrous; proepisterna and mesepisterna smooth and glabrous, shiny metallic-black,
metepisterna concolorous, with usual, deep impression at metepimeron; female mesepisternal
coupling sulci in form of a deeper longitudinal-sinuous sulcus within the usual longitudinal
furrow, thus only slightly differing from much shallower and almost uniform furrow in male
mesepisternum; ventral sterna shiny metallic-black, rarely with feeble bluish iridescence;
prosternum and mesosternum smooth and glabrous; metasternum with punctate-setose lateral
areas, punctures rather sparse, but markedly deep, distributed also on narrow anterior area,
setae arising from the setigerous punctures are white, rather short and stiff.
Elytra (Figs. 14-15) elongate, length 6.70-9.00 mm, with rounded to subangular humeri
(more subangular in female), lateral margins almost parallel, in female slightly convex
in middle, anteapical angles in both sexes arcuate, then obliquely running towards apices
which are towards indistinct sutural spine almost subacute in male, rounded in female;
microserrulation indistinct and very irregular; elytral dorsal surface almost regularly convex
on posterior half of elytral disc, humeral impressions rather deep, together with moderate to
deep discal impression clearly delimiting rather distinct basodiscal convexity; anteapical and
apical impressions moderate, remaining elytral surface almost even; elytral surface distinctly
punctate with mostly regular intervals on whole elytral length, but punctures conspicuously

88
larger within humeral impressions and particularly on lateral areas of basodiscal convexity
and within the discal impression where their intervals are thinner, but very rarely
anastomosing, becoming smaller on posterior elytral half, smallest and more irregular along
elytral sutures but still rather large on lateral areas, much smaller and very irregular on elytral
apices appearing as with carinate intervals, but appearance of the sculpture varies depending
on angle of illumination; elytral surface glabrous except for a few usual hairlike sensory
setae indistinctly scattered mostly on basal area, and a few others adjacent to epipleura and
apical margins; elytral coloration black-copper on elytral disc, brighter reddish-cupreous on
sublateral areas, passing to iridescent-green on lateral areas, while juxtaepipleural area is
violaceous; white elytral maculation consists in male of three maculae, but humeral macula
is barely visible from above, and is entirely absent in female; other maculae present in both
sexes: lateral-median macula irregularly triangular (wider in male), and anteapical macula
somewhat elongate or elongate-triangular.
Legs. Coxae metallic-black, pro- and mesocoxae often with violaceous or green lustre,
densely setose, metacoxae with densely setose lateral margin; trochanters glabrous (except
for usual apical seta on pro- and mesotrochanters), brownish to black-brown, metatrochanters
darker; femora mostly metallic-black (also in LT), or pro- and mesofemora with tawny
brown to paler basal half and ventral area, always with testaceous apices; exceptionally
femora testaceous entirely; femoral surface covered with dense irregular rows of short to
mediocre-long, erect and semierect white setae which are much sparser on metafemora;
protibiae metallic-black with blue, or violaceous lustre, except for testaceous apical half,
mesotibiae ochre-testaceous with brownish apical quarter, metatibiae entirely yellow-ochre;
surface of tibiae covered with rows of scattered semierect, whitish setae which are much
stiffer than those on femora, apical half of protibiae and mesotibiae covered with dense
whitish to greyish setose pad; protarsi metallic black often with blue or violaceous lustre,
rst three protarsomeres in male distinctly dilated, with usual, dense greyish-white pad of
short setae; mesotarsi black-brown, while metatarsi entirely pale yellow-testaceous, claws
dark testaceous to black-brown.
Abdomen. Ventrites dark metallic black; surface glabrous, their posterior margins with
usual a few, long hairlike sensory setae.
Aedeagus (Figs. 16-24) elongate and straight with arcuately bent base, 3.50-3.85 mm
long, 0.60-0.70 mm wide, apical part conically attenuated towards narrow, moderately long
and blunt apex; internal sac (Figs. 21-24) characteristic of the genus Cenothyla lacking any
trace of agellum, containing very thin arciform piece, large, strongly chitinized oblong
ventral sclerite with a short vermiform appendage at its base, and characteristic dorsal folded
sclerite which may resemble a spur.
Variability. As mentioned in the redescription, a few adults have paler pro-and mesofemora
(namely those from Napo, Ecuador), and also the black-darkened longest palpomeres of
labial palpi occurs in a number of adults. The apex of aedeagus is in some males slightly
more prolonged.
Differential diagnosis. Cenothyla consobrina is the largest species of the genus,
distinguished from all other species of Cenothyla by its black abdomen combined with pale

89
yellow-testaceous metatibiae and metatarsi. It shares the pale ochre-testaceous coloration
of its metatibiae and metatarsi with a few species of Odontocheila, but C. consobrina is
immediately distinguished by the distinctly punctate-setose lateral and anterior areas of its
metasternum, and of course by the aedeagi. A number of specimens in MFNB identied by
Horn and Mandl as “Odontochila” consobrina proved to be in fact Odontocheila marginilabris
(Erichson, 1847), which can be immediately distinguished from Cenothyla consobrina by
its black metatarsi and other external and internal characters, so the circumstances of such
confusion are unknown.
Biology and distribution. The type locality, mentioned in the original description by Lucas
(1857) as “mission Sarayacu”, is a Franciscan mission in the department of Loreto, north-
eastern Peru (6°47´S, 75°07´W). It is situated at the river Ucayali (= Oucayale), one of the
Amazon tributaries. Most other specimens come from the Ecuadorian province of Napo,
those from Pebas come from rainforests of Peruvian Amazonia. The locality Jatun Sacha is
a biologigal reserve and station in the Ecuadorian Amazon tropical rainforest of the upper
Napo River. Panacocha Lake in the Ecuadorian lower Amazon lies between the Cuyabeno
National Reserve and the Yasuni National Park. Limoncocha is a town and lake within the
Limoncocha Biological Reserve in the Ecuadorian province of Sucumbíos, lying between the
rivers Coca and Aguarico.
As a biology, Pearson, Buestán & Navarrete (1999) wrote that this species inhabits
primary terra rma forest below 900 m.a.s.l throughout the Oriente of Ecuador; these authors
listed a great number of specimens from Ecuador, but most of them have not been examined
by me. No specimen from Colombia listed by these authors (and by Horn 1910) was found by
me in collections. C. consobrina is evidently absent in Bolivia as it was not mentioned from
the country by Pearson, Guerra & Brzoska (1999).
Remarks. The male syntype in MNHN designated here as the lectotype in order to increase
stability of the taxon, evidently belongs to the type series by Lucas (1857) who mentioned
only male sex in his original description. One of the paralectotypes has, besides the rounded
label: “10/47” (universal for all other syntypes) additional printed label “Muséum Paris /
Pérou / Pampas del Sacramento / de Castelnau 1847”, but the pampas are in the same area of
the type locality and within the journey by Laporte de Castelnau in 1847.
Cenothyla postica (Chaudoir, 1860) stat. restit.
(Figs. 6-7, 25-42)
Odontochila postica Chaudoir, 1860: 321 (53).
Odontocheila postica: Bates 1869: 290.
Odontochila postica: Fleutiaux 1892: 123.
Odontochila consobrina postica: Horn 1910: 201.
Cenothyla consobrina postica: Rivalier 1969: 218.
Odontocheila (Cenothyla) consobrina postica: Lorenz 1998a: 36.
Type locality. “Amazones”
Type material. Lectotype (designated here) ♂ in MNHN, labelled: “Muséum Paris / Coll. Chaudoir 1874” [greenish,
printed] // “Type” [red, printed] // “1486 / Rivalier” [handwritten, referring to separately mounted aedeagus] //

90
“postica / Chaud. / Amazones / Bates” [large yellowish-tarnished label with black frame, handwritten] // “Lectotype
/ Odontochila / postica Chaudoir, 1860 / design. Jiří Moravec 2014” [red, printed]. Paralectotypes. 1 ♂ in MNHN:
“Muséum Paris / Coll. Chaudoir 1874” [greenish, printed] // “édeage / 1475 / Rivalier” [handwritten]. 1 ♀ in MNHN
with same rst label. The paralectotypes labelled: “Revision Jiří Moravec 3014: / Paralectotype / Odontochila /
postica Chaudoir, 1860” [red, printed]. All type specimens labelled: “Cenothyla / postica (Chaudoir, 1860) / stat.
restit. / det. Jiří Moravec 2014” [printed].
Other material examined. Historical data. 1 ♂ in MNHN: “S Paulo / Amaz.” [handwritten] // “Ex Musaeo / H.W.
Bates / 1872” [printed] // “postica Ch. / Bull Mosc 1860 321” [yellow-tarnished, handwritten] // “Muséum Paris /
1952 / Coll. R. Oberthür” [greenish. printed]. 1 ♀ in BMNH: “Amazons / 90” // “F. Bates Coll. / 1911-248”. 1 ♂
in MNHN: “Amazones / St. Paulo / d’Olivencia / Hahnel”. Other data. 1 ♂ in ASUT: “Ecuador: Morona Santiago /
Amuantai (300 m) / 23.Jan.1996 / D. L. Pearson” // “Primary / forest”. 2 ♂♂ in BMNH: “Sao Paulo”. 1 ♂ in BMNH:
“Upper Amaz.”. 1 ♀ in BMNH: “Brazil”. 1 ♂ in BMNH: “Matto Grosso”. 1 ♂ in SDEI: “Peru / AE [illegible]” //
“O. postica / compar. to type”. 1 ♀ in RLHC: “Ecuador: Pastaza / Kapawi (300m) / 24.I.1996 / D.L. Pearson” //
“Primary forest”.
Redescription. Body (Figs. 6-7) medium-sized, 11.2-12.3 (LT 11.4) mm long, 3.50-3.90
(LT 3.50) mm wide, body as in C. consobrina, but lateral margins with more vividly green
iridescence (particularly in males); elytra with three whitish maculae (small humeral macula
present also in female).
Head (Figs. 25-26) as in C. consobrina, 3.40-3.65 mm wide; more notably narrower than
body and in male with more intense greenish iridescence on lateral areas.
Frons, vertex, clypeus and genae as in C. consobrina.
Labrum as in C. consobrina, but labrum in male somewhat shorter, and in both sexes
much paler, ochre-testaceous with more or less distinctly black-darkened basomedian area;
male labrum (Figs. 27-28) 0.85-0.95 mm long, 1.40-1.55 mm wide; female labrum (Fig. 29)
much longer, length 1.50 mm, width 1.55 mm.
Mandibles (Figs. 25-26) as in C. consobrina, but notably paler, in male predominantly
reddish-testaceous, much darker in female.
Palpi (Figs. 25-26) shaped as in C. consobrina, maxillary palpi ochre-yellow with
penultimate and terminal palpomeres in both sexes black (faded to brown in old specimens),
labial palpi with terminal palpomere black, but penultimate (longest) palpomeres yellow-
ochre, only very rarely indistinctly black-darkened on their glabrous side.
Antennae as in C. consobrina, but notably paler, scape with wider testaceous ventral
area, antennomeres 3-4 metallic black-brown to black, conspicuously maculate with purple-
reddish to ochre-testaceous apical areas.
Thorax as in C. consobrina, but pronotum (Figs. 33-34) with lateral margins more
convex, slightly longer than wide, length 2.25-2.45 mm, width 2.20-2.35 mm, lateral areas
more intense iridescent-green and surface sculpture much ner; ventral and lateral thoracic
sterna as in C. consobrina including the deep punctures of the punctate-setose areas on
metasternum.
Elytra (Figs. 30-32) shaped and punctate as in C. consobrina, but more vividly coloured,
particularly in male, 6.40-7.60 mm long; elytral maculation as in C. consobrina, but humeral
macula present also in female, in both sexes small, invisible from above.
Legs as in C. consobrina, but generally much paler; pro- and mesocoxae black-brown
with green lustre, densely setose, metacoxae metallic-black, densely setose on lateral
margin; trochanters yellow to ochre-testaceous, metatrochanters darker; femora in male

91
Figs. 25-34. Cenothyla postica (Chaudoir): 25-26: head (22- ♂, LT; 26- ♂, Sao Paulo (MNHN); 27-29: labrum (27-
♂, LT; 28- ♂, Sao Paulo (MNHN); 29- ♀, ex Chaudoir, PLT (MNHN); 30-32: elytron (30- ♂, LT; 31- ♂, “Amazons,
90” (MNHN); 32- ♀, ex Chaudoir, PLT (MNHN); 33-34: pronotum: (33- “Amazons, 90” (MNHN); 34- ♀, ex
Chaudoir, PLT (MNHN). Bars = 1 mm.

92
ochre-testaceous, but also with limited black areas, in female much darker, almost black,
all tibiae ochre-testaceous (metatibiae yellow-ochre) with only black-darkened apical area
on metatibiae; protarsi metallic-black, mesotarsi ochre to brownish-testaceous, metatarsi
yellow-ochre.
Abdomen (Fig. 35) ochre- to reddish-testaceous, surface of ventrites nearly glabrous, with
only occasional microsetae (and usual hairlike sensory setae at margins of the ventrites).
Aedeagus (Figs. 36-42) similar to that in C. consobrina and of a similar variability, but the
moderately elongated apex is generally blunter; internal sac (Figs. 40-41) virtually identical
with that in C. consobrina, but especially in right lateral view (Fig. 41) the dorsal sclerite
clearly obvious as folded in middle, thus without any liform spiny projection as seemingly
indicated in left lateral view (Fig. 40).
Variability. Only in the coloration, particularly of the femora, mentioned in the description.
Differential diagnosis. Cenothyla postica shares the same coloration of maxillary palpi and
shape of the aedeagus with C. consobrina, but it principally differs in having testaceous
abdomen, and its femora, although with black areas, are always much paler, particularly so in
male, and also the antennomeres 1-2 are paler and antennomeres 3-4 markedly light-maculate
by purple-reddish to ochre-testaceous apical areas; penultimate (longest) palpomeres of labial
palpi are yellow-ochre, only exceptionally darkened on their glabrous side. In addition, the
body size of C. postica is generally smaller and more vividly coloured.
C. posticoides sp. nov. clearly differs in having much longer apex of the aedeagus (external
differences see under that species below). C. fulvothoracica differs in having both abdomen
and metasternum testaceous, and by very different shape of the aedeagus. Remaining three
species of Cenothyla immediately differ in having their abdomen and metatarsi metallic-
black.
Biology and distribution. In the original description (Chaudoir 1860), the type locality was
not explicitly mentioned for this species, but it is probably “prés du euve des Amazones”
(according to the origin of preceding species also received from Bates, and “Amazones” on
the label of the lectotype). It obviously occurs throughout the Amazon Basin, in Brazil (Matto
Grosso, Sao Paulo de Olivença), but also in Peruvian and Ecuadorian Amazon rainforests,
thus sometimes sympatric with C. consobrina, but without any evidence of also syntopic
occurrence.
Remarks. According to Chaudoir (1860) the original description was based on three
syntypes of both sex. The male in MNHN labelled as type is designated here as the lectotype
to increase stability of the taxon. Because of the sympatric occurrence in the Amazon Basin,
C. postica cannot be a subspecies of C. consobrina as simply considered by Rivalier (1969)
followed by Wiesner (1992), Lorenz (1989 a, b, 2005a,b) and Erwin & Pearson (2008)
despite the sympatric distribution. Consequently C. postica is restituted here to its original
species status. As mostly old individual specimens of C. postica are present in collections,
more recent syntopic adults are needed to be examined, but at present, the differences from
C. consobrina appear to be quite adequate.

93
Cenothyla posticoides sp. nov.
(Figs. 9, 43-61)
Type locality. Peru: Madre de Dios, Manu Reserve Zone, Cocha Pachita Trail, 12°01.0´S, 71°31.1´W, 310 m a.s.l.
Type material. Holotype ♂ in MNHN, labelled: “Peru-Madre de Dios / Manu Res. Zone 310 m / Cocha Pachita
Trail / 12°01.0´S, 71°31.1´W / D. Brzoska 21-X-2000” [printed]. Allotype. 1 ♀ in DBCN: “Peru-Madre de Dios /
Manu Res. Zone 310 m / Cocha Salvador-Rio Manu / 12°00.2´S, 71°31.6´W / D. Brzoska 21-X-2000” [printed].
Paratypes. 9 ♂♂, 1 ♀ in DBCN, 4 ♂♂ in CCJM, 1 ♂ in CJVB, 1 ♂ in SDEI, 1 ♂ in MFNB, 1 ♂ in BMNH, 1 ♂
in USNM, 1 ♂ in FSCA, 1 ♂ in CMNH, 1 ♂ in NHMK with same labels as allotype. 1 ♂ in DBCN: “Peru-Madre
de Dios / Manu Res. Zone / Pakitza B.S. 320 m / D. Brzoska 16-X-2000” [printed]. All type specimens labelled:
“Holotype (Allotype or Paratype respectively) / Cenothyla / posticoides sp. nov. / det. Jiří Moravec 2014” [red,
printed].
Description. Body (Fig. 9) medium-sized, 10.2-11.8 (HT 10.7, AT 11.8 ) mm long, 3.20-3.80
(HT 3.30, AT 3.80) mm wide (females usually distinctly larger than males), dorsal surface
dark cupreous with golden-bronze iridescence and more reddish-cupreous lateral areas; legs
conspicuously pale; elytral white maculation consisting in both sexes of three maculae.
Head (Figs. 50-51) large, only very slightly narrower than body, 3.15-3.60 mm wide; all
head portions glabrous.
Frons with bluntly triangular anterior margin, lateral areas steeply sloped towards clearly
separated clypeus; anterior juxtaclypeal and lateral areas smooth, shiny-black or with green,
bluish or violaceous lustre; median convex area of blunt frons-vertex fold uently passing to
vertex, black-copper with reddish, rarely green-blue iridescence, nely wavy to vermicular-
rugulose, wavy rugae mostly transversely arranged; supraantennal plates elongate-triangular,
smooth and shiny violaceous or green, their apices forming a part of rather sharp frons-vertex
lateral edges.
Vertex at in middle; anteromedian area including the frons-vertex fold covered with
mostly transversely arranged, wavy rugae, passing to vermicular sculpture on narrow median
area, but sublateral stria-like rugae divergent in middle passing posteriad, forming an arcuate
ornament in middle; large juxtaorbital areas more distinctly longitudinally parallel-striate,
but striae becoming shallow when passing onto temples; surface of occipital area very nely
irregularly asperate.
Clypeus partly reddish-cupreous, partly iridescent green or green-blue, mostly on lateral
areas, surface irregularly wrinkled.
Genae metallic black-blue with violaceous and green lustre, nearly smooth with only
shallow, irregular, very indistinct striae.
Labrum 4-setose, in both sexes ochre-testaceous, in male with brownish to black-brown
basomedian area which is more metallic-black in female; male labrum (Figs. 53-55) rather
short, 0.70-0.75 mm long, 1.30-1.40 mm wide, with subacute or acute basolateral teeth,
subacute or obtuse lateral teeth, and acute anterior teeth with much smaller or obtuse or
almost effaced median tooth; female labrum (Figs. 56-57) much longer, length 1.25-1.30
mm, width 1.30-1.50 mm, similarly shaped but with distinctly protruding median tooth.
Mandibles (Figs. 50-51) normally shaped, with arcuate lateral margins, in both sexes
subsymmetrical, each mandible with four teeth (and basal molar), inner teeth of right mandible
more robust, becoming gradually smaller towards the basal molar, but the third tooth in left

94
Figs. 35-49. Two species of Cenothyla. 35-42: C. postica (Chaudoir): 35- metasternum and abdomen, ♂, “Amazons,
90” (MNHN); 36-42: aedeagi (36- Sao Paulo (MNHN); 37- Ecuador, Amuantai (ASUT); 38- ditto, ventral view;
39- Teffe (BMNH); 40-41- ditto, internal sac in left and right lateral view; 42- “Amazons, 90” (MNHN). 43-49: C.
posticoides sp. nov., aedeagi: 43- Cocha Pachita, HT (MNHN); 44- Cocha Salvador, PT (CCJM); 45- ditto, ventral
view; 46- ibid, PT CCJM; 47- Pakitza, PT (DBCN); 48-49- internal sac in left and right lateral view, HT. Bars = 1
mm.

95
Figs. 50-61. Cenothyla posticoides sp. nov. 50-51: head (50- ♂, Cocha Pachita, HT (MNHN); 51- ♀, Cocha
Salvador, AT (DBCN); 52- pronotum, ♂, HT; 53-57: labrum (53 ♂, HT; 54- ♂, Pakitza, PT (DBCN); 55- ♂, Cocha
Salvador, PT (CCJM); 56- ♀, AT; 57- ♀, Cocha Salvador, PT (CCJM); 58-61: elytron (58- ♂, HT; 59- ♂, Pakitza,
PT (DBCN); 60- ♂, Cocha Salvador, PT (CCJM); 61- ♀, AT. Bars = 1 mm.

96
mandible wider than the second; coloration rather pale reddish-brown to mahogany-brown
with black-darkened margins of teeth, and narrow, ivory-yellow lateral stripe which is less
distinct in female.
Palpi (Figs. 50-51) normally shaped with elongate terminal palpomeres; both maxillary
and labial palpi ochre-yellow with terminal palpomeres mahogany to brownish-darkened,
in female also the penultimate palpomere is somewhat darkened; penultimate (longest)
palpomeres of labial palpi narrow, only indistinctly and gradually dilated towards 0.17-0.24
mm wide apex.
Antennae rather long, in male slightly surpassing elytral half, in female shorter, not
reaching it; scape with only apical seta, dark metallic mahogany or with violaceous lustre,
its basal and ventral area ochre-testaceous; pedicel either ochre-testaceous or mahogany to
brownish-darkened; antennomeres 3-4 testaceous with mahogany lustre, covered with usual,
sparse, indistinct setae; antennomeres 5-11 smoky black with normal micropubescence.
Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 52) as long as wide or very slightly longer, length 2.15-2.40
mm, width 2,15-2.35 mm, dark cupreous with feeble greenish iridescence, sublateral areas
iridescent reddish-cupreous passing to green-blue more laterally, and to black-violet on
juxtanotopleural areas; sulci well pronounced (anterior sulcus distinct only laterally); anterior
lobe notably wider than the posterior, its anterior margin prolonged anteriad in middle, surface
nely or more coarsely, densely irregularly vermicular-rugulose; disc with moderately or
more distinctly convex lateral margins (including dorsally visible proepisterna), moderately
attenuated towards posterior sulcus, but indistinct notopleural sutures running mutually
subparallel, or are narrowed in middle; median line indistinct, often partly merging with
surface sculpture; discal surface densely, nely to rather coarsely or irregularly zigzag-wavy
to vermicular-rugulose; more transverse but shallower and still irregular rugae on lateral
areas reaching notopleural sutures; posterior lobe with distinct basal rim, surface irregularly
and more coarsely wavy- to vermicular-rugulose; dorsolateral bulges moderate; whole dorsal
surface glabrous; proepisterna and mesepisterna smooth and glabrous, shiny metallic-black,
metepisterna concolorous, with usual, deep impression at metepimeron; female mesepisternal
coupling sulci in form of a deeper longitudinal-sinuous sulcus within the usual longitudinal
furrow, thus only slightly differing from much shallower and almost uniform furrow in male
mesepisternum; ventral sterna shiny metallic-black, rarely with feeble bluish iridescence;
prosternum and mesosternum smooth and glabrous; metasternum with widely punctate-
setose lateral areas, punctures dense or somewhat sparser, rather shallow, and even shallower
punctures sparsely distributed on narrow anterior area of the metasternum; setae arising from
the setigerous punctures are white, rather short and stiff.
Elytra (Figs. 58-61) elongate, length 6.50-7.50 mm, with rounded humeri, lateral margins
almost parallel, or only slightly convex in middle (more distinctly so in female), anteapical
angles in both sexes arcuate, then obliquely running towards apices which are towards
indistinct sutural spine almost subacute in male, rounded in female; microserrulation very
indistinct and irregular; elytral dorsal surface appearing almost even, regularly convex on
posterior half of elytral disc, humeral impressions moderate, together with moderate discal
impression indistinctly or more clearly delimiting rather moderate basodiscal convexity;
anteapical and apical impressions moderate; elytral surface similar to that in C. consobrina, but

97
punctures generally more anastomosing; surface distinctly punctate on whole elytral length,
punctures conspicuously larger on basodiscal convexity with mostly regular intervals, even
larger within humeral impressions and particularly on lateral areas of basodiscal convexity
and within the discal impression where their intervals are thinner, and the punctures often
anastomosing, becoming smaller on posterior elytral half, smallest and more irregular and
anastomosing along elytral sutures, much smaller and very irregular with carinate intervals
particularly on elytral apices, forming a dense, rasp sculpture, but appearance of the sculpture
varies depending on angle of illumination; elytral surface glabrous except for a few usual
hairlike sensory setae indistinctly scattered mostly on basal area, and a few others adjacent
to epipleura; elytral coloration dark cupreous, often (also in HT) discal elytral area black-
copper; sublateral areas bright reddish-cupreous and with iridescent-green or green-blue
narrow lateral area; juxtaepipleural area deep violaceous; white elytral maculation consists
in male of three distinct maculae, humeral macula is slightly elongate but barely visible
from above; in female the humeral macula is only indistinctly indicated as a very small dark
ochre or brown dot, visible only in lateral view; other maculae distinct in both sexes: lateral-
median macula large and distinctly triangular; anteapical macula elongate-triangular or more
elongate, rarely prolonged along the apical margin towards apex, reaching sutural spine (Fig.
59).
Legs. Pro- and mesocoxae brownish-testaceous, often with metallic-green densely setose
anterior area, metacoxae metallic-black with testaceous apex, with apical seta and a few
discal setae and densely setose margin; trochanters whitish-ivory to ivory-ochre with only
apical seta on pro- and mesotrochanters; femora testaceous with feeble mahogany to purple-
violaceous lustre and ochre basal and ventral area; pro- and mesofemora with rows of rather
sparse erect white setae which are sparser on metafemora; tibiae light testaceous with deep
mahogany lustre on apices of protibiae; metatibiae even paler; surface of tibiae covered with
rows of scattered semierect, whitish setae which are much stiffer than those on femora, the
setae passing into very dense greyish setose pad on apical half of pro- and mesotibiae; tarsi
testaceous with mahogany lustre which is more intense and darker on protarsi; rst three
protarsomeres in male distinctly dilated and with usual, dense greyish-white pad of short
setae; claws testaceous.
Abdomen ochre- to reddish-testaceous, surface of ventrites nearly glabrous, with only
occasional barely visible, extremely short microsetae (apart from usual, a few long hairlike
sensory setae at margins of the ventrites).
Aedeagus (Figs. 43-49) elongate, length 3.40-3.60 mm, width 0.50-0.60 mm, conically
attenuated into conspicuously long and narrow apex, which is somewhat ventrally directed
and its narrow, rounded tip sometimes slightly turned dorsad; in ventral view (Fig. 45) the
apex appears to be conically attenuated towards a narrow obtuse tip; internal sac (Figs. 48-
49) with sclerites similar to all other species of the genus Cenothyla, containing very thin
arciform piece, large, strongly chitinized oblong ventral sclerite with basal appendage, and
dorsal sclerite folded in middle, the folded shape better obvious in right lateral view (Fig. 49)
showing that this sclerite is without any spiny projection.

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Variability. Only minor variability in coloration; the pronotal surface sculpture is in
some adults somewhat ner. The variability in shape of the aedeagi (Figs. 43-49) is also
unimportant, no other species of Cenothyla possesses such elongate apex of the aedeagi.
Differential diagnosis. Cenothyla posticoides sp. nov. clearly differs from all species of
the genus in having much longer apex of the aedeagus, somewhat resembling aedeagi in
some species of the genus Pentacomia Bates, 1872, e.g. of P. (Mesochila) skrabali Duran
& Moravec, 2013 which is otherwise immediately distinguished by its diagnostic generic
characters, clearly differing both in its external characters and structure of the internal sac
(see Duran & Moravec 2013).
The external differences from C. postica are also obvious as all leg segments of C.
posticoides sp. nov are testaceous with feeble mahogany to purple-violaceous lustre on femora
and tarsi (particularly more intense on protarsi), and while both penultimate and terminal
palpomeres of maxillary palpi are in C. postica black, they are in C. posticoides testaceous
with only mahogany-brownish-darkened terminal palpomeres. The longest palpomeres of
the labial palpi in C. posticoides sp. nov are ochre-yellow including their glabrous side, never
black-darkened.
Etymology. Derived from Latin posticum-a (back part, ventral side) and ancient Greek sufx
-oídes (likeness, similar to) referring to the similar coloration of the abdomen of the new
species with that in Cenothyla postica (Chaudoir).
Biology and distribution. Known only from the area of the type locality in the region of
Madre de Dios, Peru. The large area of the Manú National Park which also includes the
area of Pakitza on the Manu River, is predominantly a part of the Southwest Amazon moist
rainforest of unique biodiversity preserved thanks to its inaccessibility. It is now a biosphere
reserve designated as a World Heritage Site.
Remarks. It is interesting that no species of Cenothyla was reported from the area of Pakitza
by Pearson & Huber (1995).
Cenothyla fulvothoracica sp. nov.
(Figs. 8, 62-68)
Type locality. Peru: Madre de Dios, Rio Alto Madre de Dios, near Pantiacolla Lodge, 410-700 m.a.s.l., 12°39.4´S,
71°13.9´W,
Type material. Holotype ♂ in DBCN (later in NHMK) labelled: “Peru - Madre de Dios / Rio Alto Madre de Dios /
Pantiacolla Lodge, 410-700 m / D. Brzoska 25-X-2000” [printed] // “Holotype / Cenothyla / fulvothoracica sp. nov.
/ det. Jiří Moravec 2014” [red, printed].
Description (of the male holotype, female unknown). Body (Fig. 8) medium-sized, 12.2 mm
long, 3.70 mm wide; dorsal surface dark cupreous with golden-bronze iridescence and more
reddish-cupreous lateral areas, discal elytral area black-copper; elytral white maculation
consisting of three maculae.
Head (Fig. 62) large, slightly narrower than body, 3.40 mm wide; all head portions
glabrous.

99
Frons with moderately and bluntly triangular anterior margin, lateral areas steeply sloped
towards clearly separated clypeus; anterior juxtaclypeal and lateral areas very nely wrinkled,
metallic-black, median area of obtusely convex frons-vertex fold uently passing to vertex,
black with reddish cupreous lustre, very nely vermicular-rugulose; supraantennal plates
elongate-triangular, smooth and shiny-violaceous, their apices forming a part of rather sharp
but irregular frons-vertex lateral edges.
Vertex almost at, very slightly convex in middle with two indistinct anterior-sublateral
impressions; anteromedian area including the frons-vertex fold covered with wavy to
vermicular rugae which become ner, shallower and irregular posteriad of the narrow median
area; sublateral stria-like rugae with uneven surface passing posteriad; large juxtaorbital
areas more regularly longitudinally parallel-striate, becoming shallower when passing onto
temples; surface of occipital area very nely irregularly asperate.
Clypeus predominantly metallic-green with cupreous inner areas, rather distinctly
irregularly rugulose.
Genae metallic black with feeble violaceous and green lustre on anterior area, almost
smooth except for shallow, indistinct striae on anterior area.
Labrum 4-setose, in male (Fig. 63) ochre testaceous with only indistinctly brownish
darkened rather narrow basomedian area, rather long, 0.90 mm long, 1.50 mm wide, with
subacute basolateral teeth, blunt lateral teeth, and anterior lobe consisting of two wide, acute
anterior teeth and only indicated, somewhat backward placed median tooth.
Mandibles (Fig. 62) normally shaped with arcuate lateral margins, each mandible with
four teeth (and basal molar), subsymmetrical, the three inner teeth becoming gradually
smaller towards the basal molar (apex of second tooth in left mandible broken); coloration
black-brown with reddish-brown inner areas and narrow, ivory-yellow lateral stripe.
Palpi (Fig.62). Both maxillary and labial palpi ochre-testaceous with terminal palpomeres
brownish-black darkened; penultimate (longest) palpomeres of labial palpi indistinctly
brown-darkened on its glabrous side, narrowly cylindric, only indistinctly and gradually
dilated towards 0.22 mm wide apex.
Antennae rather long, reaching elytral half; scape with only apical seta, together with
pedicel deep brownish-testaceous with feeble metallic-mahogany lustre; antennomeres 3-4
brownish testaceous with feeble mahogany lustre more intense on their apices, covered with
usual, sparse indistinct setae; antennomeres 5-11 smoky black with normal micropubescence.
Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 68) as long as wide, length and width 2.20 mm, dark cupreous with
feeble greenish iridescence, sublateral areas iridescent reddish-cupreous passing to green-
blue lateriad towards juxtanotopleural areas; sulci well pronounced (anterior sulcus distinct
only laterally); anterior lobe wider than the posterior, its anterior margin prolonged anteriad
in middle, surface rather coarsely, irregularly vermicular-rugulose; disc with moderately
convex lateral margins (including dorsally visible proepisterna and indistinct notopleural
sutures which copy the outline of the proepisternal margins in a small distant, the margins
only slightly and gradually attenuated towards posterior sulcus; median line indistinct,
partly merging with surface sculpture on anterior area; discal surface rather distinctly
irregularly zigzag-wavy to vermicular-rugulose, rugae becoming irregular in middle and
coarser posteriad; more transverse but shallower and sparser rugae on lateral areas reaching

100
Figs. 62-68. Cenothyla fulvothoracica sp. nov, Rio Alto Madre de Dios, Peru (DBCN, later NHMK), ♂, HT: 62-
head; 63- labrum; 64- ventral thoracic sterna and abdomen; 65- elytron; 66- aedeagus; 67- ditto, ventral view; 68-
pronotum. Bars = 1 mm.

101
notopleural sutures; posterior lobe with distinct basal rim, surface irregularly coarsely wavy-
rugulose; dorsolateral bulges distinct; whole dorsal surface glabrous; prosternum proepisterna
and mesosternum smooth and glabrous, shiny metallic-black with very indistinct cupreous
and green lustre; mesepisterna (Fig. 64) with brownish tinge, glabrous; metepisterna (Fig. 64)
reddish-testaceous (concolorous with testaceous metasternum), with usual, deep impression
at metepimeron; metasternum (Fig. 64) ochre- to reddish-testaceous with wide punctate-
setose lateral and anterior areas, punctures rather deep and spaced; setae arising from the
setigerous punctures are white, rather short and stiff.
Elytra (Fig. 65) elongate, length 7.70 mm, with subangular humeri, lateral margins
almost parallel, only slightly convex in middle; anteapical angles arcuate, then obliquely
running towards apices which are towards indistinct sutural spine subacute; microserrulation
indistinct and very irregular; elytral dorsal surface appearing almost even, regularly convex
on posterior half of elytral disc, humeral impressions moderate, but together with moderate
discal impression clearly delimiting rather moderate basodiscal convexity; anteapical and
apical impressions moderate; elytral surface punctate on whole elytral length, punctures
of similar shape as in C. posticoides, but punctures generally less anastomosing and on
basodiscal convexity mostly with narrow intervals; elytral surface glabrous except for a few
usual hairlike sensory setae indistinctly scattered mostly on basal area, and a few others
adjacent to epipleura; elytral coloration black-copper on elytral disc, reddish-cupreous on
limited sublateral areas, passing to iridescently green-blue narrow lateral area; juxtaepipleural
area deep violaceous; white elytral maculation consists of three distinct maculae: humeral
macula slightly elongate but barely visible from above; lateral-median macula large and
distinctly triangular, anteapical macula elongate-triangular.
Legs. Pro- and mesocoxae brownish-testaceous, densely setose on their anterior area,
mesocoxae with metallic-green lustre; metacoxae light reddish- testaceous with apical seta
and a few discal setae and densely setose margin; trochanters diffusely ivory, with only
apical seta on pro-and mesotrochanters; femora brownish-testaceous with indistinctly black-
darkened inner area (obvious only in some angles of illumination); pro- and mesofemora
with rows of rather sparse erect white setae (appearing greyish in front illumination) which
are much sparser on metafemora; tibiae light testaceous with brownish-darkened apices
of protibiae, metatibiae pale-testaceous; surface of tibiae covered with rows of scattered,
semierect whitish to greyish setae which are much stiffer than those on femora, passing into
very dense greyish setose pad on apical half of pro- and mesotibiae; meso- and metatarsi pale
testaceous; protarsi with rst three protarsomeres gradually darkened: the rst testaceous, the
second brownish and the third black-brown, distinctly dilated and with usual, dense, greyish-
white pad of short setae; claws dark testaceous.
Abdomen (Fig. 64) light reddish-testaceous, surface of ventrites nearly glabrous, with
only occasional hardly visible, extremely short microsetae (apart from usual, a few, long
hairlike sensory setae at margins of the ventrites).
Aedeagus (Figs. 66-67) almost straight, apical portion directed moderately ventrally,
gradually attenuated into rather wide and rounded apex which is moderately turned backward
(dorsad); in its ventral aspect (Fig. 67) the aedeagus appears more voluminous and with
wide, conically constricted, rounded apex; internal sac (observed when the aedeagus was

102
re-hydrated) contains all sclerites characteristic of the genus, the arciform piece appears as
boomerang-like bent and slightly thicker than in other species.
Differential diagnosis. Cenothyla fulvothoracica sp. nov. is immediately recognizable from
all other species of Cenothyla due to its testaceous metasternum, metepisterna and abdomen,
and by the unique shape of its aedeagus.
Odontocheila luridipes (Dejean, 1825), as well as Odontocheila cajennensis (Fabricius,
1787) and some of its subspecies, also possess testaceous metasternum and abdomen, but
they are immediately distinguished by their entirely smooth and glabrous metasternum and
of course by their different aedeagi. It should be noted here that the original Latin spelling
“cajennensis” by Fabricius (1787) is maintained here, while the commonly used spelling
“cayennensis” is considered to be incorrect subsequent spelling.
Etymology. Derived from Latin fulvus (dark-yellow, brownish-yellow, gingery) and ancient
Greek thórax, referring to the pale testaceous coloration of the metasternum.
Biology and distribution. According to the collector (pers. com.), the only male was caught
ying on an eroded clay embankment at the edge of the Alto Madre de Dios River. It was
taken there together with also only male of Brzoskaicheila crassisculpta Moravec, 2012, in
a hardly accessible place of primary rainforest of the area of Madre de Dios in north-eastern
Peru.
Remarks. For the combination of the remarkable diagnostic characters I decided to describe
this species as new for science despite the only male is known. It is supported by the fact that
no other specimen of Cenothyla was caught in the locality of this new species; a possibility
of such an enormous variability is very improbable, particularly the shape of the aedeagus is
outstanding within the genus. The male is fully maturated, because the teeth in its mandibles
are somewhat abraded (one tooth even broken) and its aedeagus is normally chitinized, unlike
in juvenile males which have aedeagi translucent and soft.
Cenothyla varians (Gory, 1833)
(Figs. 2-3, 69-91)
Cicindela Varians Gory, 1833: 171, 172 - primary junior homonym of Cicindela varians Ljungh, 1799 (synonymy
by Cassola 1999: 77, but as in prevailing usage the name C. varians Gory should be preserved - see
“Remarks” below).
Odontocheila cognata Chaudoir, 1843: 679 (synonymy by Gemminger & Harold 1868: 31).
Odontochila varians: Gemminger & Harold 1868: 31.
Cenothyla varians: Rivalier 1969: 218, g. 13.
Cenothyla cognata: Cassola 1999: 77 (unjustied replacement).
Odontocheila (Cenothyla) varians: Lorenz 1989a: 36.
Odontocheila (Cenothyla) cognata: Lorenz 2005a: 37.
Type locality. Cayenne.
Type material. C. varians Gory. Lectotype (designated here) ♂ in MNHN, labelled: “Muséum Paris / Coll.
Chaudoir 1874” [greenish, printed] // “varians Gory / gilvipes Dej. / Cayenne” [large, ochraceous with black frame,
handwritten] // “1505 / Rivalier” [handwritten, referring to separately mounted aedeagus] // “Lectotype / Cicindela
/ varians Gory, 1833 / design. Jiří Moravec 23014” [red, printed]. Paralectotypes. 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ in MNHN: “Muséum

103
Paris / Coll. Chaudoir 1874” [greenish, printed, the two males bear additional labels: “1506 / Rivalier” and: 1507
/ Rivalier” referring to separately mounted aedeagus]. The paralectotypes labelled: “Revision Jiří Moravec 2014:
/ Paralectotype / Cicindela / varians Gory, 1833” [red, printed]. All type specimens labelled: “Cenothyla / varians
(Gory, 1833) / det. Jiří Moravec 2014” [printed].
Odontocheila cognata Chaudoir. Lectotype (designated here) ♀ in MNHN, labelled: “Muséum Paris / Coll.
Chaudoir 1874” [greenish, printed] // “Cognata / Chaud. / Cayenne / Godet” [large with black frame, folded,
handwritten] // “Lectotype / Odontocheila / cognata / Chaudoir, 1843 / design. Jiří Moravec 2014” [red, printed].
Other material examined. Historical data. 1 ♀ in MFNB: “gilvipes / Dej. / C. varians Gory / Cayenne Dej.” [large
green, handwritten] // “Hist. Coll. (Coleoptera) / Nr. 3623 / Odontocheila givipes Dej. / Cayenne, Dejean / Zool.
Mus. Berlin” [green with black frame, printed]. 1 ♂ in MFNB with same second label. 1 ♂ in MFNB: “Paramaribo
// “Muséum Paris / Coll. Chaudoir 1874” // “Difcilis / Chaud. / Paramaribo / 58 Dohrn” // “1508 / Rivalier”.
1 ♂ in IRSNB: “Cayenne” // “Coll. Breyer” // “O. / varians Gory / dét.” // “5931”. 1 ♂ in MFNB [standing as
“Odontocheila confusa”]: “Hist. Coll. (Coleoptera) / Nr. 3619 / Odontocheila confusa Dej. / Brasil, von Olfers /
Zool. Mus. Berlin” [misidentied; locality confused]. Other data. 1 ♂ in MNHN: “Guyane Française / Charvein”.
1 ♂ in SDEI: “Guyane”. 1 ♂ in MNHN: “Saut Maripa-Oyapock / 26.Nov.1996”. 1 ♂ in MNHN: “Muséum Paris
/ Guyane / Française / de Carsevenne”. 3 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ in USNM: “Suriname: / Brokopondo District / Brownsberg
Natuurpark / Mazaroni Plateau, 400-500 m. / 18.VIII.1982 / W. E. Steiner” // “Earthwatch Suriname / Expedition,
August 1982; / Colins, Early, Oberman, / Pllock, Putnam, Steiner”. 2 ♂♂ in CDCL: “Guyane / Française / Regina
PK.125 / Coll. Dheurle” // “Fevrier 2009”. 1 ♂ in CDCL: “French Guyana / Matiti, IX-2011 / Giugliaris leg / Coll.
Dheurle”. 1 ♂ in CCJM: “Guyane Française / St.Laurent du Maroni / V.1993, / Marek Seidl leg.”. 1 ♂ in IRSNB:
“Cayenne 2000 IRSNB / Guyane Française / Saul Cirque Popoke / 3°36´N 53°10´W / 28.VI.2000 / leg. Braet et al.
/ Fauchage / Bord de lagon”. 1 ♂ in IRSNB: “Coll. R.L Sc. N.H. / Guyane Française / Saul Mt. Galbao / 670 m 24/
VI/2000 / piège malaise / leg. Y. Braet”. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ in IRSNB: ibid., except for: “22/30/2000”.
Redescription. Body (Figs. 2-3) small, 9.20-10.2 (LT 9.30) mm long, 2.80-3.20 (LT 2.90)
mm wide (females usually larger than males), dorsal surface dark copper with somewhat
brighter cupreous lateral areas and with only indistinct green to blue narrow lateral area;
elytral white maculation consisting of three maculae in male (humeral macula entirely absent
in female).
Head (Figs. 69-70) large, only slightly narrower than body, 2.80-3.10 mm wide; all head
portions glabrous.
Frons with moderately triangular anterior margin, steeply sloped towards clearly separated
clypeus; anterior juxtaclypeal and lateral areas smooth, almost black or with feeble greenish,
rarely golden-bronze and violaceous lustre.
Vertex as in C. consobrina, but the surface sculpture ner.
Clypeus as in C. consobrina, but the green coloration mostly prevailing.
Genae as in C. consobrina.
Labrum 4-setose, male labrum (Figs. 71-74) ochre-testaceous (in old specimens usually
irregularly dark-tarnished), very rarely with brownish to metallic-black basomedian area,
rather long, length 0.70-0.75 mm, width 1.10-1.20 mm, with subacute or acute basolateral
teeth, irregularly subacute or obtuse lateral teeth, and acute anterior teeth with much smaller
or only indicated, or almost effaced median tooth; female labrum (Fig. 75) much longer,
length 1.10-1.30 mm, width 1.20-1.30 mm, similarly shaped but with distinctly protruding
median tooth (coloration in HT and other old specimens dark-brownish tarnished).
Mandibles (Figs. 69-70) shaped as in C. consobrina, but coloration lighter, reddish-brown.
Palpi (69-70) normally shaped with elongate terminal palpomeres; both maxillary and
labial palpi ochre-yellow with terminal palpomeres gradually brownish-darkened (subapical

104
area almost black), in female also the penultimate palpomere is somewhat darkened;
penultimate (longest) palpomeres of labial palpi narrow, only indistinctly and gradually
dilated towards apex up to 0.20 mm wide.
Antennae rather long, in male slightly surpassing elytral half, in female shorter; scape
with only apical seta, rather variably coloured independent of sex, dark metallic brown,
usually with violaceous lustre, its basal and ventral area often ochre-testaceous, sometimes
the scape and pedicel almost entirely ochre-testaceous; pedicel either ochre-testaceous with
dark brown belt in middle, or brownish-darkened; antennomeres 3-4 variably testaceous
to dark brownish, with metallic mahogany or purple lustre, and mostly with black apices,
covered with usual, sparse indistinct setae; antennomeres 5-11 smoky black with normal
micropubescence.
Thorax. Pronotum (Figs. 81-82) mostly as long as wide, 1.75-2.20 mm long. 1.80-2.20
mm wide, shape, and coloration as in C. consobrina, but the reddish and greenish iridescences
generally less vivid, surface sculpture much ner than in C. consobrina, particularly on
disc it consists of irregular, ne and dense vermicular rugae; all lateral and ventral thoracic
sterna metallic-black as in C. consobrina, but punctate-setose lateral and anterior areas of
metasternum consisting of somewhat shallower punctures (Fig. 76).
Elytra (Figs. 77-80) elongate, length 5.50-6.20 mm, with rounded humeri, lateral margins
almost parallel, only slightly convex in middle in female; anteapical angles arcuate, then
obliquely running towards apices which are towards small but distinct sutural spine rounded,
more widely rounded in female; microserrulation indistinct and very irregular; elytral dorsal
surface appearing almost even, moderately convex on posterior half of elytral disc, humeral
impressions moderate, but together with moderate discal impression clearly delimiting
moderate basodiscal convexity; anteapical and apical impressions moderate to rather
distinct; elytral surface punctate on whole elytral length, punctures of similar shape as in C.
consobrina, but notably ner; elytral surface glabrous except for a few usual hairlike sensory
setae indistinctly scattered mostly on basal area, and a few others adjacent to epipleura;
elytral coloration dark-copper on elytral disc, mostly only indistinctly reddish-cupreous on
limited sublateral areas and also the iridescent green-blue lateral area is narrower and often
indistinct; juxtaepipleural area deep violaceous; white elytral maculation consists in male of
three distinct maculae, humeral macula slightly elongated and partly visible from above, but
it is in female much darker ochre-brownish rounded spot; lateral-median macula large and
distinctly triangular, anteapical macula elongate-triangular, in male mostly prolonged in form
of thin whitish stripe running along apical margin and reaching suture.
Legs. Pro- and mesocoxae brownish-testaceous, often with metallic-green densely setose
anterior area, metacoxae metallic-black with testaceous apex, with apical seta and a few
discal setae and densely setose margin; trochanters ivory to diffusely ivory-ochre with only
apical seta on pro- and mesotrochanters; femora rather pale ochre-testaceous to brownish,
often with mahogany lustre on dorsal area, indistinctly black-darkened inner area (obvious
only in some angles of illumination) and pale ventral area of femoral basal third; protibiae
brownish with darkened apical area; mesotibiae and particularly metatibiae paler brownish-
testaceous (exceptionally femora and tibiae ochre-testaceous); setal vesture of femora and
tibiae as in C. consobrina; all tarsi metallic-black (faded to brown in most of old specimens)
with green-blue and violaceous lustre.

105
Figs. 69-82. Cenothyla varians (Gory): 69- buccal appendages, ♂, Regina, French Guiana (CDCL); 70- head, ♂,
ex Chaudoir, PLT (MNHN); 71-75: labrum (71- ♂, ex Chaudoir, LT (MNHN); 72- ♂, ex Chaudoir, PLT (MNHN);
73- ♂, Regina, French Guiana (CDCL); 74- ♂, ibid., (CDCL); 75- ♀, ex Chaudoir, PLT (MNHN); 77-80: elytron
(77- ♂, LT; 78- ♂, “Brasil, No 3619” (MFNB); 79- ♂, Cayenne (IRSNB); 80- ♀, ex Chaudoir, PLT (MNHN); 81-82:
pronotum (81- ♂, LT; 82- ♀, PLT). Bars = 1 mm.

106
Figs. 83-97. Aedeagi. 83-91. Cenothyla varians (Gory): 83: Cayenne, No 3623 (MFNB); 84- ditto, internal sac; 85-
ditto, ventral view; 86- ditto, right lateral view; 87- Regina, French Guiana (CDCL); 88- Saul, (IRSNB); 89- Regina,
French Guiana (CDCL); 90- Cayenne (IRSNB); 91- Brownsberg, Surinam (USNM). 92-97. Cenothyla rietscheli
(Wiesner): 92- Manaus, PT (JWCW); 93- ditto, right lateral view; 94-95- Reserva Ducke, Manaus (BMNH); 96-97-
ditto, internal sac in left and right lateral view. Bars = 1 mm.

107
Abdomen. Ventrites shiny metallic black; surface smooth, shiny and entirely glabrous
(only their posterior margins with usual a few, long hairlike sensory setae).
Aedeagus (Figs. 83-91) with apical portion both dorsally and ventrally rather abruptly
constricted into narrow, moderately elongate to subcylindric, ventrally directed apex; internal
sac (Figs. 84-86) as in other species of the genus, the dorsal folded piece appears to be of the
same shape both in left and right lateral view.
Variability. The body coloration varies only slightly; one specimen, probably a juvenile
male from Saut Maripa - Oyapock (MNHN) has the femora and tibiae pale ochre-testaceous
and also its tarsi are paler than in all other specimens; the most variable (also in syntopic
adults) is the coloration of antennal scape which can be deep-brown with purple-violaceous
lustre, or ochre testaceous; coloration of antennomeres 3-4 varies from pale testaceous to
dark brownish with metallic mahogany or purple lustre (their apices are almost constantly
black); terminal palpomeres of labial palpi in male vary from black-brown darkened apical
half, to entirely black. The shape of the aedeagi somewhat differs depending on the condition
of the aedeagi - their apex is somewhat wider when they are re-hydrated (Fig. 83), becoming
much wider in mounted aedeagi after clearing procedures in order to observe the internal sac
(Figs. 84, 86); such more or less distinct deformations of cleared aedeagi is universal for all
cleared aedeagi of tiger beetles.
Differential diagnosis. Cenothyla varians, the smallest species of the genus, shares the
metallic-black metatarsi and abdomen with C. rietscheli (Wiesner, 2007) comb. nov. and C.
klichai sp. nov. described below. However, C. varians is distinguished from these two species
particularly by the shape of the aedeagus which is more abruptly constricted both from the
ventral and dorsal side into moderately elongate subcylindric apex, surface of the abdomen
is entirely glabrous, and humeral macula is absent in female. All examined specimens from
French Guiana (the country of the type locality), as well as from Surinam, have the aedeagi
very similar, and all have the surface of their abdominal ventrites glabrous (except for the
long hairlike sensory setae at margins of the ventrites which occur in all species of the
subtribe Odontocheilina).
Unfortunately, aedeagi of all syntypes of C. varians deposited in MNHN, as well as
of the male from Surinam labelled “difcilis” (unavailable name listed by Chaudoir (1865)
without a description) were destroyed by wrong mounting treatment used by Rivalier when
he extracted the internal sacs from the aedeagi and mounted them using a brown glue between
two glasses. The scholastic illustration by Rivalier (1969, g. 13v) of the aedeagus for C.
varians (no origin given) and inaccurate drawing of sclerites within the internal sac show
obviously a deformed aedeagus and internal sac by such wrong treatment. The thin arcuate-
bent basal piece illustrated by Rivalier in fact does not exist and was drawn by him under an
illusion (see also “Remarks” under “Differential diagnosis” of Cenothyla here).
Biology and distribution. The type locality of C. varians , as well as of “Cicindela gilvipes
Dejean in litt.” (unavailable name mentioned by Dejean (1837) without a description), is
Cayenne, French Guiana. The other historical specimens from MNHU can probably be
syntypes as according to their labels they came from Dejean-Chaudoir collection. The
specimens (CDCL) labelled “Regina” comes from Réserve Naturelle des Nouragues in an

108
area of Approuague River; this species (under the name Cenothyla cognata (Chaudoir, 1843))
is recorded from this locality and from Roura (Montagne de Chevaux), French Guiana, by
Cassola (2001). According to the collector (Charles Dheurle, pers. com.), the adults in the
area of Regina had diurnal activity, hunting small insects on the ground of small paths inside
primary forests, and escaped by a quick y to neighbouring vegetation when disturbed. The
specimens (IRSNB) labelled “Saul” come from the commune Saül, lying in the French Guiana
National Park with Mont Galbao (670 m), but the unique ecosystem with the Limonade River
can be endangered by an endeavour of gold mining in the forest area near the river. Saut
Maripa, some 180 km southeast of Cayenne, French Guiana, is a sault (near St. Georges)
on the Oyapock River which forms a border between French Guiana and Brazilian state of
Amapá - the specimen (MNHN) examined and listed here was also recorded from French
Guiana by Rivalier (1970). The occurrence in Surinam is conrmed both by the historical
specimen (MNHN) of “Odontocheila difcilis Chaudoir in litt.” (unavailable name listed by
Chaudoir (1865) without a description) and recent specimens (USNM) from Brownsberg
Natuurpark. I have found no specimen in collections labelled “British Guyana”, neither I
have found a specimen of C. varians from Venezuela - the record by Horn (1910) is probably
based on the only female labelled “Venezuela / Staudinger”, deposited in SDEI, and standing
there as C. varians. However, my examination of the only female in SDEI has revealed that
its much less distinctly punctate-setose lateral area of the metasternum and the shape of its
pronotum with much more distinct notopleural sutures, as well as the densely setose surface
of abdominal ventrites, refer to Odontocheila angulipenis W. Horn, 1932 described from
Colombia, but common also in Venezuela (see also Moravec 2013). Nevertheless, the female
is unusually smaller, thus only examination of a male can conrm this identication. I was
unable to examine a specimen reported as C. varians from Venezuela by Rodriguez, Joly &
Pearson (1994).
Specimens listed by Guerra, Brzoska & Pearson (1997), as well as by Pearson Guerra
& Brzoska (1999) as C. varians from Bolivian province La Paz are C. klichai sp. nov. (see
under that species here). The record from “Rio Juruá, Peru” by (Horn 1910) is C. rietscheli
(see under this species below). The only male from Brazil Amazonas Tefé (= Teffé), standing
in SDEI as C. varians, has ochre testaceous labrum and also its aedeagus corresponds with
C. rietscheli (see under that species below). Other specimens from Brazil Amazonas, Sao
Paulo de Olivença, Ega, Teffe and Para deposited in MNHN can also be conspecic with
C. rietscheli, but the specimens must be examined again to check the newly recognized
diagnostic characters. Those listed as “Cenothyla varians” from Manaus, Brazil, by Horn
(1926), Adis et al. (1998) as well as larvae of “C. varians” from Manaus studied by Arndt,
Paarmann & Adis (1996) obviously belong to C. rietscheli, as Manaus is its type locality (see
under that species below).
Remarks. A brief history of the nomenclature is as follows. Cenothyla varians was originally
described as Cicindela varians, Gory, 1833. Cenothyla cognata, originally described as
Odontocheila cognata Chaudoir, 1843, was treated as a synonym of “Odontochila” varians
by Gemminger & Harold (1868), followed by Fleutiaux (1892), Horn, 1905, 1910, 1926 and
other subsequent authors. Rivalier (1969) treated this species in his revision as Cenothyla
varians (Gory, 1833) and also Wiesner (1992) used the name in his checklist. Cassola (1999)

109
found that Cicindela varians Gory, 1833 was a primary homonym of Cicindela varians
Ljungh, 1799. Consequently, Cassola (1999) replaced the name with the rst available
synonym Odontocheila cognata Chaudoir, 1843, and treated this taxon as Cenothyla cognata
(Chaudoir, 1843). This species was listed under this substituted name by some recent authors
such as Lorenz (2005a,b) and Erwin & Pearson (2008), despite the paper by Boyd (2000)
who correctly argued that the several replacements by Cassola (1999) were invalid as against
the ICZN regulations.
The replacement by Cassola (1999) is considered invalid for the following reasons:
1.) Although Cicindela varians Gory, 1833 was a primary junior homonym of Cicindela
varians Ljungh, the homonymy no longer exists. Moreover, the name Cicindela varians
Ljungh (a nomen oblitum) has never been used except for the inappropriate attempt to restore
the name for the North American species Cicindela scutellaris Say, 1823 by Cassola (1999),
which was not accepted by Boyd (2000), or by Erwin & Pearson (2008).
2.) The name Cicindela varians Gory (as Odontocheila or Cenothyla respectively) was in
prevailing (even exclusive) usage for more than hundred of years, and should be preserved
according to Art. 23.9.5 (ICZN 1999).
Consequently, it is concluded here that the replacement by Cassola (1999) was invalid
from its beginning (Art. 23.9.5, ICZN 1999) and the Commission is being asked for a rule to
preserve the name C. varians Gory.
Moreover, the only preserved type specimen in MNHN of Odontocheila cognata
(designated here as a lectotype - see the “Type material of Odontocheila cognata Chaudoir”
above) is a female which somewhat differs from Cenothyla varians in having larger body,
elytra with smaller (not triangular) lateral-median white macula and much darker metatibiae.
The characters of the lectotype of Odontocheila cognata, as examined by me, correspond
with the original description by Chaudoir (1843) where the legs are described as: “femora
apice late, tibiis tarsique omnibus violaceo-micantibus”. Its body is 10.8 mm long, 3.2
mm wide, the labrum is dark reddish-testaceous with widely extending black basal area;
metasternum is punctate-setose on its lateral area and partly also at anterior margin; surface
of black abdominal ventrites is entirely glabrous (only the usual, long hairlike sensory setae at
margin of the ventrites are present). Except for the smaller elytral maculae (humeral macula
is entirely absent) and darker metatibiae and metatarsi, this female refers to C. varians, but
also can be a female of O. trilbyana.
Several species of Odontocheila, including O. trilbyana share the punctate-setose
areas of the metasternum with all species of Cenothyla (males of Odontocheila are clearly
distinguished by their very different shapes of their aedeagi containing a long, multicoiled
agellum within internal sacs - see Fig. 131).
Horn, as well as Mandl, confused in collections Cenothyla varians (under “Odontochila”
varians) and also C. consobrina with Odontocheila trilbyana and O. marginilabris, so the
records of these species of Cenothyla in some papers by these authors are undependable.
Despite the diagnostic differences, Horn (1893) even considered O. trilbyana to be a synonym
of “Odontochila” varians (= Cenothyla varians).

110
Cenothyla rietscheli (Wiesner, 2007) comb. nov.
(Figs. 4, 92-100)
Pentacomia (Poecilochila) rietscheli Wiesner, 2007: 439, 441, g. 1, 443, Figs. 2-6.
Type locality. Brazil: Manaus.
Type material. Holotype (not examined) ♂ in INPA: labelled: “Brasilien, Manaus / Embrapa Gelände / leg. S.
Rietschel / 23.-26.3.1998” [with green frame, printed]; “Holotype / Pentacomia (Poecilochila) rietscheli sp. nov. /
ded. J.Wiesner 2007” [red, printed]. Paratypes (of the paratypes listed by Wiesner (2007) and deposited in INPA,
MPEG, ASUT and JWCW, only the following were examined here: 1 ♀ in JWCW with same label as holotype. 1 ♂
in JWCW: “Brasil: Amazonas / 75 km n Manaus / 17.Nov.1992 / D. L. Pearson” [printed] // “primary forest oor”
[printed]. All paratypes labelled: “Paratype / Pentacomia (Poecilochila) rietscheli sp. nov. / ded. J.Wiesner 2007”
[red, printed], and the two examined paratypes with additional label: “Cenothyla / rietscheli (Wiesner, 2007) comb.
nov. / det. Jiří Moravec 2014” [printed].
Other material examined. 7 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ in BMNH: “Brazil, Am[azones] / Reserva Ducke / 26 km NE Manaus /
Barbosa, M.G.V.” // “Plot A / Malaise[trap] 2 / March 1995” // "BMNH{E}2003-84". 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ in BMNH: “Brazil,
Amazones / Reserva Ducke / 26 km NE Manaus / Flight Intercept Trap / BMNH{E}2003-84” // “Pentacomia /
(Poecilochila) / rietscheli Wiesner, 2007 / det. F. Cassola 2007” // “Cenothyla / rietscheli (Wiesner, 2007) comb. nov.
/ det Jiří Moravec 2014”. 1 ♂ in SDEI: “Tefé III.1932 / Wucherpfennig” // “Coll. W. Horn / DEI Eberswalde”. 1 ♂,
1 ♀ in SDEI: “Rio Juruá / E. Amaz. / Garbe leg.” // “Coll. W. Horn / DEI Eberswalde”.
Redescription. Body (Fig. 4) small to medium sized, 9.50-10.8 mm long 2.90-3.30 mm
wide (no size of HT mentioned), females distinctly larger than males; body of appearance of
C. varians, coloration rather variable from bright bronze-cupreous with distinct reddish and
green iridescence on lateral areas, to dark copper with only indistinct iridescence (females
usually darker); whitish elytral maculation consisting of three distinct maculae, humeral
macula present in both sexes.
Head (Fig. 98) very large, as wide as the body, or only very slightly narrower or wider
than body, 2.90-3.30 mm wide.
Frons and vertex shaped and with surface sculpture as in C. varians, but mostly with
prevailing reddish-cupreous lustrous coloration and lustrously green limited sublateral areas.
Clypeus as in C. varians.
Genae as in C. consobrina and C. varians.
Labrum 4-setose, male labrum (Figs. 99-101) coloration as in C. varians, mostly
entirely yellow-ochre to ochre-testaceous, very rarely with brownish-black darkened limited
basomedian area, 0.75-0.80 mm long, 1.20-1.30 mm wide, with subacute or acute basolateral
teeth and mostly rounded, rarely subacute lateral teeth; acute anterior teeth with much smaller
or only indicated or almost effaced median tooth (as in C. varians); female labrum (Figs.
102-103) shaped as in C. varians, but most of examined females have the labrum entirely
pale ochre, lenght 1.30-1.40 mm, width 1.35-1.45 mm.
Mandibles (Fig. 98) shaped as in C. varians, but terminal teeth somewhat longer;
coloration rather pale reddish-brown with rather distinct ivory-yellow to ochre lateral stripe.
Palpi shaped and coloured as in C. varians, but the terminal palpomere of maxillary
palpus in male is more often entirely black (Fig. 104).
Antennae as in C. varians including the variability in coloration.

111
Figs. 98-100. Cenothyla rietscheli (Wiesner): 98- head, ♂, Manaus, PT (JWCW); 99-103: labrum (99- ♂, Manaus, PT
(JWCW); 100-101- ♂♂, Reserva Ducke, Manaus (BMNH); 102- ♀, PT (JWCW); 103- ♀, Reserva Ducke, (BMNH);
104- maxillary palpus, ♂, Manaus, PT (JWCW); 105-108: elytron (105- ♂, Manaus, PT (JWCW); 106- ♂, Reserva
Ducke (BMNH); 107- ♀, PT (JWCW); 108- ♀, Reserva Ducke, (BMNH); 109- pronotum, ♂, Manaus, PT (JWCW).
Bars = 1 mm.

112
Thorax. Pronotum (Fig. 109) shaped as in C. varians, very slightly longer than wide, 1.90-
2.10 mm long, 1.95-2.20 mm wide, coloration generally with brighter reddish and greenish
iridescences than in C. varians, more similar to C. postica; surface sculpture as in C. varians;
all lateral and ventral thoracic sterna as in C. varians, including punctate-setose lateral and
anterior areas of metasternum.
Elytra (Figs. 105-108) as in C. varians, including the shape of whitish maculae, but with
humeral macula distinct and more elongate in both sexes, and apex in male more subacute;
elytral length 5.90-6.70 mm.
Legs as in C. varians with the ivory yellow to ochre-testaceous trochanters and the darker
dorsal surface of femora in contrast to their ivory to ochre pale basoventral areas, also with
the similar variability within leg coloration.
Abdomen with ventrites shiny metallic black with feeble blue and green lustre, as in C.
varians, but surface of ventrites with scattered, very sparse, short, mostly very indistinct
microsetae (apart of usual, a few, long hairlike sensory setae at posterior margins of the
ventrites).
Aedeagus (Figs. 92-97) narrowed into almost straight or usually slightly dorsally turned
apex, 3.20-3.35 mm long, 0.55-0.60 mm wide; internal sac (Figs. 96-97) as in C. consobrina
and other species of the genus.
Variability. Similar to that in C. varians, particularly in the leg and antennal coloration. The
entirely ochre-coloured labrum is rarely in syntopic adults with black basal area (Fig. 101),
as it is also in the female from Rio Juruá deposited in SDEI.
Differential diagnosis. Cenothyla rietscheli shares the metallic-black abdomen combined
with black metatarsi with C. varians and C. klichai sp. nov., and it resembles these two
species also by its body appearance, except for the brighter coloration which rather resembles
that in C. postica. By the shape of white elytral maculae and the mostly unicoloured, ochre-
testaceous labrum, it particularly resembles C. varians, but the female labrum in C. rietscheli
is generally paler. Nevertheless, it is distinguished both from C. varians and C. klichai by
the elytral humeral macula which is in C. rietscheli larger, more elongate and present in both
sexes, and by the different shape of the apex of the aedeagus somewhat resembling that in
C. consobrina.
Both external and internal characters of C. rietscheli (as well as of all other species of
Cenothyla) clearly differ from the diagnostic generic characters of Pentacomia Bates, 1872,
including its subgenus Poecilochila Rivalier, 1969. Particularly the aedeagi and structures of
internal sacs diagnostically differs. Thus the comparison of C. rietscheli to a very different
tiger beetle Pentacomia (Poecilochila) cupricollis (Kollar, 1836) by Cassola (2009) was
quite inappropriate.
Biology and distribution. The type locality of C. rietscheli is in Central Amazonia near
Manaus, Brazil; The “Embrapa Gelände” written on the label of the holotype means
“Brazilian Embrapa Headquarters”, area of a mission of the Brazilian Agriculture Research
Corporation. Other paratypes come from the area of the type locality, 75 km of Manaus, taken
in a primary forest oor. The specimens (BMNH) from the Reserva Ducke, 26 km northeast
of Manaus, were caught into a Malaise trap and a Flight intercept trap during an expedition

113
of the British Natural History Museum, London in 1994-1995. Despite the diametrical
generic differences, this species was reported by Cassola (2009) from the Reserva Ducke
under the name Pentacomia (Poecilochila) rietscheli Wiesner, 2007. C. rietscheli was caught
there together with Odontocheila nigrotarsalis W. Horn, 1928 (= O. atripes Rivalier, 1970,
synonymy by Moravec 2012a), but C. rietscheli was wrongly reported by Cassola (2009)
from the this locality under the name O. amabilis Chaudoir, 1860, a species immediately
distinguished from C. rietscheli by its metallic violaceous-blue dorsal body coloration and
the diagnostic generic characters of the aedeagi.
The historical specimens (pair) standing in SDEI as C. varians, labelled “Rio Juruá /
E. Amaz.” are treated here as C. rietscheli. The female has black-darkened basal area of
its labrum, but the labrum of the male is entirely ochre, its aedeagus protruding from the
abdomen is in rather “soft” shape, but both these characters as well as indistinct microsetae
on abdominal ventrites in both these specimens refer to C. rietsheli. The locality is rather
ambiguous, because Río Juruá originates in Ucayali foothills of the Peruvian Andes near the
border with Brazil, thus its much longer part is in Brazil where it enters Río Solimões, the
upper part of the Amazon River, northwest of Tefé (also spelled Teffe), about 500 km upstream
from Manaus. The only male from Tefé in SDEI fully corresponds with C. rietscheli, too.
Remarks. Originally described by Wiesner (2007) under the name Pentacomia (Poecilochila)
rietscheli, but the examination of the paratypes (JWCW) and other specimens (BMNH)
from the area of the type locality has revealed that they possess both external and internal
characters of the genus Cenothyla. Consequently, this taxon is transferred here to Cenothyla.
I was unable to examine the holotype deposited in INPA, but the illustrations by Wiesner
(2007), including the schematic drawing of the aedeagus of the holotype, perfectly correspond
with my examination of the two paratypes (JWCW) and the other specimens from the area
of the type locality.
Cenothyla klichai sp. nov.
(Figs. 5, 110-130)
Type locality. Peru: area of the Tambopata River south of Puerto Maldonado, north-eastern Peruvian region of
Madre de Dios.
Type material. Holotype in MNHN, ♂ labelled: “Peru: Madre de Dios / Tambopata River / Gollpa Lodge / 9-12.
XI.1995, M. Klícha lgt.” [printed] // “On jungle trails / and low vegetation / inside jungle” [printed]. Allotype. ♀
in CMKP with same locality data. Paratypes. 17 ♂♂, 15 ♀♀ in CMKP, 5 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ in CCJM, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ in DBCN,
1 ♂ in CJVB, 1 ♂ in MFNB, 1 ♂ in SDEI, 1 ♂ in BMNH, 1 ♀ in CDCL, 1 ♂ in COSJ, 1 ♂ in KCBC with same
locality data. 4 ♂♂ 7 ♀♀ in CMJO, 1 ♀ in CCJM with same locality data except for: “M. Jančíková lgt.”. 1 ♂ in
CMKP: “Peru Madre de Dios / Tambopata River / T. River Lodge / 6-20.XI.1995 M. Klícha lgt” [printed]. 1 ♂,
2 ♀♀ in DBCN: “Peru: Madre de Dios / ZR Tambopata - Candamo / Tambopata Research Ctr. / D. Brzoska 21-
X-1996” [printed]. 2 ♂♂ in DBCN: ibid. except for: “23-X-1996”. 1 ♀ in DBCN: ibid. except for “24-X-1996”.
1 ♂ in CPVP: “Rio Madre de Dios / 5.12.2012 lgt. Hájek.” [printed] 4 ♂♂ 1 ♀ in CCJM: “S. America, Peru /
Amazonas / Rio Madre de Dios, 30 km / S Puerto Maldonado city / 5-10.XII.1997 / leg. P. Udovitchenko”. 1 ♂ in
BMNH: “Peru Madre de Dios / Tambopata Res. / 30 km (air) sw Pto. / Maldonado, 290m / 12°50´S 069°20´W”
// “on vegetation in / young terra rma / forest” // “B.M. 1982-183 / II.1982 / N. E. Stork” [printed]. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ in
CMNH: “Peru: Madre de Dios / 30 km SW Pt. Maldonado / 12.50°S, 60.20°W, 290 m / Tambopata Reserve /
4.Jan.1983, J. Anderson” [printed] // “a melanotic-aberrant adult / differing from other / type specimens in having
/ its mandibles and femora / almost black (note by J.M)” [printed]. 1 ♂ in RLHC: “Peru: Madre de Dios / 30 km

114
SW Pt. Maldonado / 4.Nov.1979 / D.L. Pearson (Cocha Trail)” [printed]. 1 ♂ in RLHC: “Peru: Madre de Dios / 15
km E of Puerto / Maldonado on Rio Madre de / Dios, Albergue Lodge / Cuzco Amazonico, 200m / 28 June 1983
G.C. Hunter”. 2 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ in DBCN, 1 ♂, 1 ♀ in RLHC: “Bolivia - La Paz / Rio Undumo / (NW Ixiamas) / 28-XI-
1994 / Brzoska/Guerra” [printed]. 1 ♂, 1 ♀ in CCJM: ibid. except for “29-X-1994”. All type specimens labelled:
“Holotype (Allotype or Paratype respectively) / Cenothyla / klichai sp. nov. / det. Jiří Moravec 2014” [red, printed].
Other material examined. 1 ♂ in BMNH: “Peru” // “F. Bates Coll. / 1911-248” // “Trilbyana / t. Horn” [sic!]. 1 ♂
in RLHC, 1 ♀ in ASUT: “Peru: Loreto / 125km sw Nauta / 12 June 1990 / D.L. Pearson” // “Inundated / forest or”.
1 ♀ in RLHC, 1 ♀ in ASUT: ibid., except for “70km sw Nauta / 25.Aug.1991” / M. Torres”. 1 ♀ in ASUT: ibid.,
except for: 85km sw Nauta / 21.Aug.1991” / M. Torres”. 1 ♂ in RLHC, 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ in ASUT: “Peru: Loreto / Nunez
Cocha, R. Napo / 3.March 1991 / M.E. Torres”. 2 ♂♂ in RLHC, 4 ♂♂, 2 ♀♀ in ASUT: ibid., except for: “6.March
1991”. 2 ♂♂, 1 ♀ in ASUT: ibid., except for 2.March 1991. 1 ♂ in RLHC: “Peru: Loreto / Muscachina R.Tigre /
14.Dec.1991 / J. Alvarez”. 1 ♂ in RLHC: “Bolivia: Beni, Uacuma / Bosque Chimanes / 10.Nov.1983 / J.F. Guerra”.
1 ♂ in CDCL: “Colombie / Meta Prov. / Carimagua / Col. Dheurle”.
Description. Body (Fig. 5) medium sized, 10.3-11.8 (HT 10.5. AT 11.5) mm long, 3.20-3.85
(HT, AT) mm wide (females distinctly larger than males), body dark but iridescent bronze-
cupreous, mostly with only feeble reddish and green iridescence on lateral areas; elytral
white maculation consisting of three maculae in both sexes.
Head (Fig. 110) large, only slightly narrower than body, 3.10-3.60 mm wide; all head
portions glabrous.
Frons with triangular anterior margin, steeply sloped towards clearly separated clypeus;
anterior juxtaclypeal and lateral areas smooth, black or with green and violet lustre; median
area of blunt frons-vertex fold uently passing to vertex, dark greenish and copper with
cupreous lustre, or reddish-cupreous, covered with very ne vermicular rugae; supraantennal
plates elongate-triangular, smooth and shiny violet-green, their apices distinctly raised.
forming rather sharp, laterally limited frons-vertex edges.
Vertex almost at in middle; anteromedian area including the frons-vertex fold covered
with very ne vermicular rugae; narrow median area vermicular-rugulose, rugae divergent in
middle and passing posteriad forming an ornament in middle, sublateral areas with parallel,
very nely zigzag-wavy rugae divergent posteriad; large juxtaorbital areas more distinctly
longitudinally parallel-striate, passing onto temples; surface of occipital area very nely
asperate.
Clypeus reddish-cupreous, mostly with only indistinct iridescent green or green-blue
lustre on lateral areas, nely, but rather distinctly irregularly wrinkled.
Genae metallic black, with green or green-blue, mostly very strong, lustre, almost smooth
or very indistinctly shallowly striate, more distinctly on postgenal areas.
Labrum 4-setose, in both sexes distinctly bicolored, ivory-yellow to ochre with metallic-
black basomedian area which is usually very large, particularly in female; male labrum (Fig.
111) 0.75-0.80 mm long, 1.30-1.40 mm wide, with mostly acute basolateral teeth, blunt
to rounded lateral teeth, and three acute or subacute anterior teeth (median tooth usually
somewhat smaller); female labrum (Fig. 112) much longer, length 1.15-1.25 mm, width 1.45-
1.55 mm, similarly shaped but tridentate median lobe with distinctly protruding median tooth.
Mandibles (Fig. 110) normally shaped with arcuate lateral margins, each mandible with
four teeth (and basal molar), in both sexes subsymmetrical, the third tooth in left mandible
more robust than the second, the fourth tooth smaller; three inner teeth in right mandible

115
Figs. 110-118. Cenothyla klichai sp. nov., type locality: 110- head, ♂, HT (MNHN); 111-112: labrum (111- ♂, HT;
112- ♀, AT (CMKP); 113-114- pronotum (113- ♂, HT; 114- ♀, AT); 115- metasternum in lateral-ventral view, ♂,
HT; 116- abdomen, ♂, HT; 117-118: elytron (117- ♀, AT; 118- ♂, HT). Bars = 1 mm.

116
Figs. 119-130. Cenothyla. klichai sp. nov., aedeagi: 119- type locality, HT (MNHN); 120- ditto, apex dried; 121-123-
ibid. PT (CCJM); 124- apex dried, Rio Undumo, Bolivia PT (DBCN); 125- type locality, PT (CCJM); 126- ditto,
ventral view; 127-130: cleared aedeagi showing internal sacs in left and right lateral view, type locality (CCJM).
Bars = 1 mm.

117
becoming gradually smaller towards the basal molar; coloration rather pale reddish-brown
with black-darkened margins of teeth, and narrow, ivory lateral stripe which is less distinct
in female.
Palpi (Fig. 110) normally shaped with elongate terminal palpomeres; both maxillary and
labial palpi ivory-yellow to ochre-yellow (slightly darker in female) with terminal palpomeres
black-brown to black, in female often with also penultimate palpomere slightly darkened;
penultimate (longest) palpomeres of labial palpi narrow, only very indistinctly and gradually
dilated towards apex up to 0.20-mm wide.
Thorax. Pronotum (Figs. 113-114) in male mostly slightly longer than wide, in female
also as long as wide, length 2.10-2.30 mm, width 2.00-2.30 mm, rather variably coloured,
median area dark cupreous, often with diffusely green-blue tinge, sublateral areas usually
with strong bright reddish lustre passing to mostly indistinct iridescent green-blue lateral
areas and violaceous juxtanotopleural areas; sulci well pronounced, but anterior sulcus
deep only laterally, shallow in middle; anterior lobe notably wider than the posterior, its
anterior margin in middle distinctly prolonged anteriad, rather nely and densely irregularly
vermicular-rugulose; disc with more or less distinctly convex lateral margins of dorsally
visible proepisterna, the margins in female mostly gradually attenuated towards posterior
sulcus; indistinct notopleural sutures running mutually subparallel, or are narrower in middle,
in female sometimes copy the outline of the lateral proepisternal margins in small distance;
median line indistinct, often partly merging with surface sculpture; discal surface densely and
rather nely irregularly zigzag-wavy to vermicular-rugulose, while shallower rugae on lateral
areas are almost transverse when reaching notopleural sutures; posterior lobe with distinct
basal rim, surface irregularly covered with coarser vermicular to transverse-wavy rugae;
dorsolateral bulges indistinct; whole dorsal surface glabrous; proepisterna and mesepisterna
metallic-black with only feebly cupreous, rarely greenish lustre or almost black, smooth
and glabrous; female mesepisternal coupling sulci in form of a deeper longitudinal-sinuous
sulcus within the usual longitudinal furrow, thus only slightly differing from much shallower
and almost uniform furrow in male mesepisternum; metepisterna usually with bronze lustre,
and usual, deep impression at metepimeron, glabrous; ventral sterna shiny metallic-black,
with strong green, blue and violaceous lustre; prosternum and mesosternum smooth and
glabrous; metasternum punctate-setose on whole lateral areas, and also with two or thee
rows of setigerous punctures on anterior area, setae arising from the setigerous punctures are
white, rather long and stiff (Fig. 115).
Elytra (Figs. 117-118) elongate, length 6.30-7.30 mm, with rounded to subangular humeri
(more subangular in female), lateral margins in male subparallel, in female moderately
convex in middle, anteapical angles in both sexes arcuate, then obliquely running towards
apices which are towards indistinct sutural spine indistinctly subacute in male, rather widely
rounded in female; microserrulation indistinct and very irregular; elytral dorsal surface almost
regularly convex on posterior half of elytral disc, humeral impressions moderate, but together
with moderate discal impression rather clearly delimiting moderate basodiscal convexity;
anteapical and apical impressions moderate to more distinct, remaining elytral surface
almost even; elytral surface distinctly but comparatively nely punctures with mostly regular
intervals on whole elytral length (puntation notably ner than in C. consobrina, comparable

118
to that on elytra of C. varians and C. rietscheli), punctures larger on anterior elytral third,
particularly within humeral impressions, on lateral areas of basodiscal convexity and within
the discal impression where their intervals are thinner, but rarely anastomosing; punctures
becoming smaller on posterior elytral half, smallest and more irregular along elytral sutures,
much smaller and very irregular on elytral apices appearing with carinate intervals, but
appearance of the sculpture is conned to angle of illumination; elytral surface glabrous
except for a few usual hairlike sensory setae indistinctly scattered mostly on basal area,
and a few others adjacent to epipleura and apical margins; elytral coloration on elytral disc
dark to rather vividly copper with diffuse golden-bronze iridescence; sublateral areas often
bright reddish-cupreous in male, usually less vividly in female, passing to narrow iridescent-
green lateral area and violaceous juxtaepipleural area; white elytral maculation consists in
both sexes of three maculae: humeral macula partly visible from above, usually smaller and
ochre in female and better visible in lateral view; lateral-median macula irregularly triangular
(usually wider in male); anteapical macula rather small, somewhat elongate.
Legs basically coloured and with setae as in C. varians and C. rietscheli, including the
coloration of femora, tibiae and black tarsi; trochanters whitish-ivory to diffusely ivory-
yellow.
Abdomen (Fig. 116) metallic-black with greenish and violaceous lustre, surface of
ventrites primarily rather densely covered with short whitish to greyish microsetae (apart of
a few, usual hairlike sensory setae at margins of the ventrites).
Aedeagus (Figs. 119-130) with median portion rather straight, conically attenuated
towards short, narrow, rounded apex, 3.15-3.50 mm long, 0.55-0.70 mm wide; internal sac
(Figs. 127-130) as in other species of Cenothyla.
Variability. Two paratypes (CMNH) from the area of the type locality but 30 km southwest
of Puerto Maldonado, cited in “Other material examined” differ in having their mandibles
and femora almost black, but other characters and dorsal body coloration correspond
with other type specimens. Specimens from Bolivia including females have the pronotum
more commonly as long as wide. Other variability is obvious from the description and the
illustrations.
Differential diagnosis. C. klichai sp. nov. shares the metallic-black metatarsi and abdomen
with C. rietscheli and C. varians sp. nov. but is distinguished from these two species by
the shape of the aedeagus which is almost regularly dorsally conically attenuated towards
rather short, moderately ventrally directed apex. The difference is strongly obvious in dried
aedeagi. Furthermore, this new species immediately differs from C. varians in having its
body notably larger and more vividly coloured, elytra with humeral macula present in both
sexes and the anteapical macula notably smaller, never prolonged towards suture, its labrum
constantly with black basomedian area, and surface of the abdominal ventrites rather densely
covered by microsetae (the microsetae can be easily abraded by wrong mounting treatment,
namely when the beetles are glued on papered boards).
Etymology. Named after Czech entomologist Miroslav Klícha, the collector of the holotype
and most of the paratypes of the new species.
Biology and distribution. The type locality, the jungle area of the Tambopata River south

119
of Puerto Maldonado in the north-eastern Peruvian region of Madre de Dios, is about ve
hours by a motorboat upstream the river towards Bolivian border area of Andean foothills.,
but other localities in the Tambopata Reserve lie more close to Puerto Maldonado. According
to the collectors (pers. com.), adults have diurnal activity; they were caught in the type
locality when ying along shady and wet paths and small openings inside the jungle, in a
distance of about 50 m from the river; during the night they were sitting underneath the
foliage of low vegetation. The biodiversity of the vast region of Madre de Dios including
the National Reserve “Zona Reservada Tambopata-Candamo”, which is predominantly low-
lying Amazon Rainforest, is tremendous. It is interesting that no species of Cenothyla was
reported from the Tambopata Reserve by Pearson (1984). The Bolivian locality, the area of
the Undumo River northwest of Ixiamas in the Bolivian province La Paz, is about 120 km
away from the type locality in Peru. This new species occurs also in the area of Rio Napo in
the Peruvian province of Loreto, a long way from the type locality. The Rio Napo ows from
the Ecuadorian province of Loreto to the homonymous Peruvian province in a long distance.
The only male from Colombia (CDCL) is a surprise, because the locality Carimagua in
the province of Meta is a long way from the localities in Peru, but the male which comes from
an insect dealer has all characters of C. klichai sp. nov.
Remarks. The specimens from the Peruvian province of Loreto are not included in the
paratype series.
ACKNOWLEDGEMENTS. I would like to thank Maxwell Barclay and Beulah Garner (BMNH, London), Stephan
Blank and Lutz Behne (SDEI, Müncheberg), Thierry Deuve and Azadeh Taghavian (MNHN, Paris), Johannes Frisch,
Bernd Jäger and Manfred Uhlig (MFNB, Berlin), for their kind assistance during my visits to the collections, and
for loans of type and other specimens, as well as to Robert Acciavatti and Robert Davidson (CMNH), Terry Erwin
(USNM), and David L. Pearson (ASUT) for loans of other material. My special thanks belong to my friend David W.
Brzoska (Naples, Florida), as well as to Ronald L. Huber (Bloomington,
Minnesota), Miroslav Klícha (Prague) and Milada Jančíková (Olomouc,
Czech Republic) for the specimens and collecting data of the species
described here as new for science, and to other colleagues listed with the
acronyms of their private collections. Ronald L. Huber (Bloomington,
Minnesota) and Josef Jelínek (NMPC, Prague) kindly reviewed the
manuscript. This research received support from the SYNTHESYS project
http://www.synthesys.info/ which is nanced by the European Community
Research Infrastructure Action under the FP7 “Capacities” Programme.
Fig. 131. Aedeagus showing internal sac characteristic of the genus
Odontocheila (O. trilbyana Thomson, Ecuador, Sucumbios, Dureno,
DBCN). Bar = 1 mm.

120
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Received: 20.12.2014
Accepted: 2.1.2015