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... We were also able to obtain a variety of materials from the digital collections of the National Diet Library, including parliamentary materials, records of parliamentary hearings, and minutes of proceedings. The abundance of secondary data sources enabled data triangulation and provided a reliable and solid foundation for data analysis (Jick, 1979;Miles & Huberman, 1984). ...
... Second, interviews were conducted with different people involved in the events to compare and avoid blind spots (Eisenhardt, 1989;Patton, 2002). Third, archival data sources were supplemented and triangulated with information from the interviews to ensure consistency of results (Jick, 1979). In most cases, respondents shared useful information by providing technical papers, company meeting notes, and personal diaries to enhance the accuracy of their recall (Tulving, 2001). ...
... In the first phase of data analysis, our goal was to develop a contextual and temporal understanding of the sequence of events that led to the establishment of emission controls (Kipping, Wadhwani, & Bucheli, 2014). By triangulating multiple sources of information (Jick, 1979;Miles & Huberman, 1984), we developed an extensive narrative and identified related multiple actors in the sequence of events over time. Figure 1 provides a virtual map for tracking and highlighting the specific events that led to the establishment of emissions controls. ...
While a large body of research explains how social movements elicit corporate change by focusing on confrontation of activists against targeted organizations, it remains unclear how the conflicts between activists and their primary targets affect non-target firms. Drawing on social movements research and non-market strategy literature, we examine how non-target firms respond to social contentiousness in the non-market environment in the context of the creation of automotive emissions controls in Japan in the early 1970s. Our findings challenge the somewhat linear assumption that confrontation and direct action against focal firms is a necessary condition for activists seeking change. Instead, our findings underscore the importance of also considering non-target firms in understanding the impact and influences of movements on the broader non-market environment. Moreover, our findings contribute to the non-market strategy literature by revealing that social value-based strategies can serve as an alternative way for corporate targets to exert influence in non-market environments. Specifically, we present a model that shows the linkages between intentional non-market strategies and strategic motivation in market competition, thus responding to calls to consider the linkage between non-market and market strategies.
... This approach enables us to gain a comprehensive conceptual understanding (Kelle 2006;Johnson et al. 2007;Creswell and Plano Clark 2011). The mixing of multiple methods (Onwuegbuzie and Collins 2007) also serves the purpose of triangulation (Denzin 1970;Jick 1979), which enhances the reliability of findings and fosters the development of creative data collection strategies, leading to richer data and a more thorough insight into the phenomenon under study (Jick 1979;Onwuegbuzie and Collins 2007). This method aligns well with the conceptual framing outlined above. ...
... This approach enables us to gain a comprehensive conceptual understanding (Kelle 2006;Johnson et al. 2007;Creswell and Plano Clark 2011). The mixing of multiple methods (Onwuegbuzie and Collins 2007) also serves the purpose of triangulation (Denzin 1970;Jick 1979), which enhances the reliability of findings and fosters the development of creative data collection strategies, leading to richer data and a more thorough insight into the phenomenon under study (Jick 1979;Onwuegbuzie and Collins 2007). This method aligns well with the conceptual framing outlined above. ...
Education is pivotal in the global effort to reduce inequalities. Through education, there are numerous opportunities to advance gender+ equality both within and outside of educational institutions. Gender budgeting, a strategy designed to align policies, plans and financial decisions with gender equality commitments, was used in this research to develop approaches through primary education. Research was conducted in collaboration with the biggest municipality in Iceland and three schools during the years 2019 and 2020, employing multiple data collection methods, including the review of policymaking documents and semi‐structured interviews. Through qualitative content and thematic analysis, the research identified several opportunities to foster equality through primary education, categorised into four key themes: policymaking, curriculum, student participation and school–family relations. It is recommended that policy‐based gender budgeting is implemented to prioritise actions that advance equality, social justice and equity within educational systems and broader society.
... Triangulation refers to the observation of the research issues from at least two distinctively atypical points. It is generally described by Jick (1979) as the application of various research methods towards investigating similar phenomenon. This is where the research data were validated through triangulation that involved comparing data discovered from the interview, content analysis, and inter-rater validity as shown in Figure 3. ...
... Results of document analysis are then triangulated with research data. It helps in substantiating the reliability and validity of the data if the assumptions drawn are approximately similar (Jick, 1979). The findings are summarised in Table 4. continuous engagement with the public helps to improve governance and outdated policies to meet the citizen needs accordingly Based on the triangulation of document analysis and research findings, we can conclude that despite the fluctuations and inconsistency in population satisfaction related to SDG Goal 16, the increasing complaints volume underscores a critical need for the government to pay heightened attention and demonstrate competence. ...
This paper examines the risk of knowledge loss in managing public complaints. Drawing upon the literature on public complaint management and knowledge management (KM), in-depth interviews were carried out with the Public Complaint Bureau (PCB), a government agency responsible for handling public complaints. Interview data was meticulously recorded and transcribed to elicit an understanding of prominent factors of knowledge capture and knowledge organisation in handling public complaints. Focus-group discussions were also carried out to generate further insights. Documentation such Standard Operating Procedures (SOP), circulars and public reports were scrutinised to corroborate interview data. Research findings strongly indicate that inadequate knowledge capture and organisation have created a 'black box' in public complaint management. This black box has led to an ambiguous operating environment for PCB employees, caused by knowledge dissipation and evaporation. These issues stem from diverse individual knowledge practices and poorly designed knowledge flows within the organisation, resulting in significant knowledge loss. This qualitative research is expected to benefit organisations, mainly the government in improving knowledge capture and organisation practices by critically considering implementing KM efforts to avoid severe knowledge loss. It will also benefit the academic community for future reference. Contribution/Originality: This study significantly advances public service administration by supporting evidence-based policy development and informed decision-making. It highlights the importance of knowledge management in addressing public complaints, explains knowledge loss through Knowledge Dissipation and Evaporation, and enhances understanding of PCB's complaint management. It also diversifies qualitative research methods using analytical tools. Malaysian Journal of Social Sciences and Humanities (MJSSH) (e-ISSN : 2504-8562)
... The coordinates within the study area were obtained from the Global Biodiversity Information Facility (GBIF) database. Using trigonometric calculations, the coordinates of the new points are established, ensuring accuracy and precision (Jick, 1979). This corridor assessment method is centred around translating realworld observations into a quanti able measure of corridor accuracy. ...
... Once these points are established, a validation line is drawn through them. This line serves as a reference axis, aiding in the evaluation of how accurately the projected path aligns with the triangulated line (Jick, 1979). By systematically assessing the deviation of the predicted path from this reference line at consistent intervals, the method effectively quanti es the degree of alignment between the projected corridor and the triangulation-based reference line. ...
Effective biodiversity conservation strategies are paramount in addressing the persistent challenges of habitat fragmentation. This study investigates landscape connectivity for tigers across eight protected areas in Haryana, Uttarakhand, and Uttar Pradesh within the Terai Arc Landscape. Utilizing the least cost path methodology, the research identifies the most probable pathways connecting these protected areas. Additionally, circuit theory is employed to highlight crucial conservation areas, termed pinchpoints. The primary objective is to introduce a triangulation-based validation technique for predicted corridors, calculating the accuracy of predicted corridors between the eight protected areas. The results reveal several pinchpoints that require immediate action. The highest prediction accuracy is observed for the corridor between Rajaji National Park and Sonanadi Wildlife Sanctuary/Jim Corbett National Park, whereas the lowest accuracy is noted between Jim Corbett National Park and Kishanpur Wildlife Sanctuary. This research advances the precision and credibility of corridor modeling, offering significant contributions to wildlife conservation by elucidating landscape connectivity and presenting a novel validation technique. The findings provide practical implications for policymakers, conservation practitioners, and researchers, underscoring the need for rigor and validation in developing effective strategies to preserve and sustainably manage wildlife habitats.
... The data collection process used triangulation (Jick, 1979) to enhance the richness and credibility of the data accounts. The primary data were obtained through indepth interviews, and the interview questions were divided into three data levels: (1) Factual questions (for example, "Does the zone provide industrial guidance to enterprises entering the zone?"); (2) Descriptive information (for example, "How does the zone guide enterprises entering the zone?"); and (3) Explanatory information (for example, "Why does the zone provide industrial guidance to enterprises entering the zone?"). ...
To address the bifurcated challenges of the international landscape, Chinese multinational enterprises have diversified their international innovation activities by establishing overseas innovation ecosystems in regions with weaker institutional frameworks, such as those along the Belt and Road. However, existing research primarily focuses on ecosystem construction, offering limited insight into their sustainable development. This study employs a multi-case approach, examining four representative Overseas Economic and Trade Cooperation Zones (OETCZs), integrating perspectives from routines, knowledge, and cognition. Findings reveals: (1) Overseas innovation ecosystems foster international ambidextrous dynamic capabilities (DCs) through routine change and knowledge creation, driving sustainable development; (2) Overseas innovation ecosystems deploy adaptive, ecological, proactive, and integrated routine change strategies in response to institutional pressures; (3) The diversity in routine change strategies is closely linked to attention focus allocation by leading enterprises, encompassing both institutional-market and promotion-prevention focus. Overall, this study enhances our comprehension of DCs in innovation ecosystem internationalization and offers managerial insights for sustainable development in OETCZs.
... Método de Recolección de datos Para el estudio de caso es importante incorporar múltiples métodos de recolección de datos, de manera de triangular la evidencia, y con ello sustentar con mayor fuerza los resultados obtenidos. De acuerdo con Jick (1979), la información cualitativa es útil para entender la racionalidad o la teoría que explica las dinámicas del caso de estudio. En este caso en un primer momento se realizó una revisión bibliográfica exploratoria para reconocer aspectos históricos, tecnologías y políticas públicas que influyen sobre el paisaje energético de ...
... When planning research procedure for the empiricalstudy that constitutes a combination of qualitativeand quantitativemethodologies Iaccepted the common assumptions that "qualitativeand quantitativemethodsshould be viewed as complementaryand not competitive" [Jick, 1983, p. 135, after Flick, 2007]. One of four research project integrating qualitativeand quantitativemethodswas used as proposed in classification of Miles and Hubermann, assuming parallel and incessant collectiono fb oth types of data [Miles, Huberman, 2000, p. 43;cf. ...
... The collected data is analyzed using thematic analysis to identify and report the main emerging themes (Braun & Clarke, 2006). Data triangulation is used to verify findings from various sources (Jick, 1979). A SWOT analysis (Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats) is also performed to understand the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities, and threats in the governance of county-level football associations (Humphrey, 2005). ...
The sustainable development of county-level football associations is a requirement set forth by various policy documents from the Party and the State, reflecting the essential principles of Chinese civil sports organizations. Unlike the Chinese Football Association (CFA) and provincial football associations, county-level football associations are characterized by their non-governmental, civic, and amateur nature. This study examines the development of these associations and identifies several significant issues impeding their progress: outdated development concepts, unclear division of power and responsibilities, unequal resource distribution, ineffective roles of leadership bodies, and a lack of clear definitions for the roles of governing bodies. Currently, these associations face the challenge of lagging in development due to these unresolved issues. To address these challenges, it is essential for county-level football associations to revamp their development concepts to align with contemporary needs and expectations. Strengthening the leadership roles within these associations is crucial, as it will provide clear guidance and direction for their activities. Additionally, there is a need to improve the system design to make the management of these associations more efficient and effective. Encouraging the participation of all relevant stakeholders is also vital to form a cohesive and synergistic approach to development. By fostering collaboration among various parties, county-level football associations can leverage diverse resources and expertise, leading to more robust and sustainable growth. The ultimate goal of these recommendations is to promote the endogenous development of county-level football associations. By doing so, these associations can play a pivotal role in enhancing grassroots participation in football, thereby contributing to the broader objective of nurturing a strong mass base for football in China. Through improved governance, resource allocation, and stakeholder engagement, county-level football associations can achieve sustainable development and ensure widespread participation in the sport across the nation
... Subsequently, through 10 semi-structured interviews with company-affiliated contributors to the three projects, we seek to identify and characterise (RQ2) different types of collaborative relationships between host and external companies and their motivations, as well as (RQ3) the similarities and differences that characterise open source co-opetition in company-hosted OSS projects compared to foundation-hosted projects. This research design enables the testing of prior theory with mixed-methods findings from multiple cases [61,62], and enhances the convergence validity of the findings [63,64]. Ethical clearance was obtained from the relevant institutional review board by the primary author prior to the commencement of this research project. ...
Companies, including market rivals, have long collaborated on the development of open source software (OSS), resulting in a tangle of co-operation and competition known as "open source co-opetition". While prior work investigates open source co-opetition in OSS projects that are hosted by vendor-neutral foundations, we have a limited understanding thereof in OSS projects that are hosted and governed by one company. Given their prevalence, it is timely to investigate open source co-opetition in such contexts. Towards this end, we conduct a mixed-methods analysis of three company-hosted OSS projects in the artificial intelligence (AI) industry: Meta's PyTorch (prior to its donation to the Linux Foundation), Google's TensorFlow, and Hugging Face's Transformers. We contribute three key findings. First, while the projects exhibit similar code authorship patterns between host and external companies (80%/20% of commits), collaborations are structured differently (e.g., decentralised vs. hub-and-spoke networks). Second, host and external companies engage in strategic, non-strategic, and contractual collaborations, with varying incentives and collaboration practices. Some of the observed collaborations are specific to the AI industry (e.g., hardware-software optimizations or AI model integrations), while others are typical of the broader software industry (e.g., bug fixing or task outsourcing). Third, single-vendor governance creates a power imbalance that influences open source co-opetition practices and possibilities, from the host company's singular decision-making power (e.g., the risk of license change) to their community involvement strategy (e.g., from over-control to over-delegation). We conclude with recommendations for future research.
... To examine how actors translate management ideas through an ecology of roles, we leveraged a multimethod approach building on four sets of empirical data as summarized in Table I. The various data sources enabled data triangulation (Jick, 1979) and followed Yin's (2009) recommendation to use multiple data sources in case study research. ...
Although research has provided valuable insights into how management ideas circulate across contexts and undergo translation, the prevailing focus remains on the one‐directional journey from idea suppliers to adopting entities. In contrast, we advance an ecology of roles perspective to capture the dynamic relationships between multiple actors and roles in the translation process. To develop our argument, we draw from a 10‐year case study examining how the US‐born management idea of the leadership pipeline was translated into a domesticated version in Denmark, which became widely adopted but also contested and renewed. In analysing this case, we show how the same actors assumed an array of interdependent roles that dynamically shifted over time to circulate the idea. We identify three characteristics of an ecology of translation roles: multiplicity of roles, morphing of roles, and reciprocal authorization of roles. By advancing an ecology of roles perspective, our study contributes novel insights to the expanding literature on translation and recent work on translation ecosystems.
... We discerned episodes as sets of events that jointly formed a visible effort by Agreed set of terms and conditions for contracts among members to efficiently enact future transactions the organizations to develop a component, including its triggers and outcomes. We drew data from different sources to increase validity through triangulation (Jick, 1979). We specifically triangulated interview data with documents to reduce the chance of retrospective bias concerning the period before we entered the field affecting our analysis (Schwenk, 1985). ...
The development of a novel boundary infrastructure for large-scale interorganiza-tional collaboration presents a challenge that is ill-understood: how can individual boundary objects, which do not suffice for large-scale collaboration and might even engender conflict, be developed into a coherent boundary infrastructure that facilitates the crossing of multiple boundaries? In a longitudinal study, we investigated how Helix Nebula-a collaboration among Europe's big science and big business organizations-developed a cloud computing infrastructure for scientific research. Our findings show that the process involves two recursive mechanisms. The scaffolding of boundary objects helps organizations to iteratively create various technical and organizational objects that support each other's development. The reconfiguring of coalitions involves organizations constantly rearranging into subgroups, which enables them to accommodate their differences and common needs. Our study contributes a process model of how organizations develop boundary objects into a coherent boundary infrastructure and shines light on the role of scaffolding and the political dynamics of coalitions as a driving force for large-scale interorganizational collaboration.
... We collected background material related to strategic, operational, financial, and cultural aspects of the ecosystem. Overall, over 1,000 pages of documental data were sourced, which served a dual function by acting as a source of secondary data (Jick, 1979), while also allowing for targeted discussion during interviews. ...
... Triangulations can also be organized both in a concurrent and a sequential manner, where the former refers to simultaneous data gathering about the same phenomenon, and the latter to an approach where data gathering stages are temporally separated, such as in observation that is followed with an interview [7]. Some triangulations also happen "withinmethods" where a questionnaire may gather data from multiple viewpoints, or "between-methods" where data gathering procedures differ from each other [19]. The general concept of triangulation therefore provides researchers with fruitful starting points for reflecting on, and improving, their methodological sophistication [13]. ...
Plausible findings about futures are inherently difficult to obtain as they require critical, well-informed speculations backed with data. HCI addresses this challenge with user studies where futuristic prototypes and other props concretise possible futures for participants. By observing participants' actions, researchers can "time-travel" to the future and see it alive, in action. However, a single study may yield particularised findings, inherent to study's intricacies, and lack wider plausibility. We suggest that triangulation of possible futures helps researchers disentangle particularities from findings that have wider plausibility. We explored this approach by arranging two studies on different futures of AI-augmented knowledge work. Some findings emerged in both studies while others were particular to only one or the other. This enabled us both to cross-validate their plausibility and gain deeper insights. We discuss how triangulation of possible futures makes HCI studies more future-proof and provides means to more critically anticipate possible futures.
... While the design is based on triangulation-not following a validation approach, but aiming at capturing "a more complete, holistic, and contextual portrayal of the unit(s) under study" (Jick, 1979: 603)-to analyze the research questions in a holistic manner (see Kuckartz, 2014;Teddlie and Tashakkori, 2009), it was a central requirement that each methodology should operate independently. We analyze different research questions using specific methodologies. ...
This study examines implementation factors of a pioneering plurilingual policy designed to foster language development in early childhood education and care in Luxembourg. Using a mixed-method design, combining qualitative expert interviews and a quantitative survey, it offers insights from both policy- and practice-level perspectives on factors that may facilitate or hinder policy implementation. The study shows horizontal and vertical sectorial disparities among ministerial stakeholders at the policy level, and disparities between different organizational forms at the practice level. These multi-level variations highlight the complex nature of policy implementation and the factors acting as facilitators or barriers to its success. This research suggests (1) a more tailored approach to policy implementation to consider organizational diversity; (2) a more epistemological framework for policy guidelines to avoid ambiguities between policy and practice; and (3) promotion of continuous professional development and exchange groups among different practice-level sectors to facilitate policy implementation in practice.
... Throughout data collection and analysis, we took steps to ensure the accuracy and validity of our interpretations. Triangulating between interviews and observational data helped us validate our findings (Jick, 1979). To reduce bias in coding, we met regularly as an author team to discuss emerging codes and alignment between the codes and categories (Miles & Huberman, 1994). ...
Craft offers a path to enchantment and meaningful engagement with creation in an increasingly rationalized society. Yet, entering skilled domains where craft is practiced can be challenging for novices, particularly for those less familiar with these domains. While a growing body of research suggests that craft can be made more accessible through nontraditional pathways, the process whereby novices come to perceive craft as accessible remains undertheorized. We explore these ideas through the case of the makers, a diverse DIY movement that embraces all who build, modify, and invent across a variety of skilled domains. Using interview and observational data from Maker Faires – events wherein makers exhibit their projects and engage attendees in making activities – we induce a model of how experts enable novices to perceive craft as accessible. Our findings reveal how experts convey knowledge and skills using a creative craft approach, detailing how experts engage in scaffolding to facilitate novice creation, relax hierarchy, and cultivate fun and whimsy. In turn, this engenders the experience of enchanted engagement for novices who are able to experience how engaging in craft feels without the requisite skills or knowledge. Ultimately, this experience shapes and reinforces novices’ perception that craft is accessible. Our study contributes to the growing scholarship on craft in terms of alternative pathways for entering skilled domains, the role of craft in re-enchanting organizational life, and the emotional rewards of craft.
... 21). This view reflects that using multiple methods produces more valid results as one method's strengths can offset another method's limitations (Jick, 1979;Scandura & Williams, 2000). It can assist the confirming of a hypothesis where one set of findings confirms another set. ...
... In other words, triangulation is an approach that involves collecting data from multiple sources and then comparing data from all sources to verify controversial information, with the aim of deepening understanding of a topic (Kitto et al., 2008;Mathison, 1988;Miles & Huberman, 1984). In such cases, it can make the research more complete and can strengthen the research if done carefully (Jentoft & Olsen, 2019;Jick, 1979). ...
Indonesia offers significant opportunities for the halal sector thanks to its predominantly Muslim population. However, there is a notable lack of certified halal medicines, which is surprising given the crucial role that medicines play in human life. This study aims to investigate how awareness of halal practises influences Muslim consumers' intention to purchase halal medicines, with a particular focus on the Jabodetabek region. The study is based on a total of 150 respondents and employs a partial least squares structural equation modelling (PLS-SEM). From the analysis, it is found that awareness of halal products has a significant influence on the intention to purchase halal medicines. In addition, both subjective norms and perceived behavioural control are identified as significant factors influencing the intention to purchase halal medicines. However, it is worth noting that attitude does not have a statistically significant influence on the intention to purchase halal medicines. This result may be attributed to the limited availability of halal-certified medicines, which influences the attitude of individuals in the decision-making process.
... Kemudian tahap kedua, untuk mendapatkan hasil penilaian terhadap atribut ramah Muslim dilakukan dengan penyebaran kuesioner kepada responden (Jick, 1979). Item-item yang diusulkan dalam kuesioner kemudian uji pretest kepada 30 responden sampel. ...
This study aims to determine the relationship of halal attributes to the satisfaction and expectations of tourists visiting Lombok. This research was conducted to illustrate that halal attributes can be used as a reference for developing facilities and services that suit the needs of Muslim tourists. This research uses a qualitative approach by conducting in-depth interviews to determine attributes that are in accordance with the characteristics of the island of Lombok and using a quantitative approach by distributing questionnaires to tourists. The results showed that there is a positive relationship between halal attributes and tourists' satisfaction and expectations as well as their relationship with friendship. Suggestions that can be given based on the results of this study are the need to improve the quality of halal attributes by paying attention to the motivation of tourists visiting Lombok Island.
This study aims to evaluate the applications of artificial intelligence (AI) in learning English. A multi-complementary approach (McA) was adopted as a research design to achieve this. A multi-complementary approach integrates multi-analysis as i) meta-analysis and meta-thematic analysis (pre-complementary) phase; at this stage, in the meta-analysis, the effect of artificial intelligence on learning was found to be 0.063, indicating an average effect size. ii) an experimental design of the pre-and post-test (post-complementary) phase; at this phase, the pre-test assessment results showed non-significant differences while the post-test assessment test results showed a significant improvement in academic achievement in the experimental group using artificial intelligent application compared to control with traditional method of learning. iii) the final phase of the research design is the complementary knowledge phase, where the results from the two previous phases were integrated to evaluate their affinity. At this phase, post-complementary results showed a significant impact of artificial intelligence on the academic performance of students who used artificial intelligence applications for learning English, thereby complementing the pre-complementary findings. In conclusion, the study emphasises the positive impact of artificial intelligence applications on English language learning outcomes. Despite some challenges faced by students, the integration of artificial intelligence applications into teaching-learning environments is important for enhancing students' academic achievements and fostering a more engaging and interactive learning experience. By addressing the challenges and harnessing the potential of artificial intelligence technologies, educators can create more effective and personalised language learning experiences for students.
Agile software development is a methodology initiated to offer “agility” by addressing the rigidity of traditional methodologies to limit the associated negative effects. It has been increasingly adopted in the South African software development industry. However, there is no comprehensive research on the factors that affect the success of Agile software development projects in a South African context and the hierarchy of importance of these factors. This study addresses this gap through a case study of a South African software development organization. The study identifies and prioritizes the critical success factors of Agile software development in the South African software development industry. Fifteen semi-structured interviews were conducted with Agile practitioners in various roles in the case study organization to identify the critical success factors. Twenty-five critical success factors were identified and grouped into six categories: organizational, team, customer, process, technical and project. Based on the findings, the research proposed a framework for critical success factors in Agile software development in the South African software development industry. The factors were then ranked based on the combined frequency of mentions of the factor and its descriptive attributes. Organizational culture was the highest-ranked factor, placing the highest importance on this factor. Additionally, the organizational and team categories had the most highly ranked factors, while the project category had the least ranked factors. The research findings provide information that, if used by Agile practitioners in South Africa, may increase the success of Agile software development projects in the South African software development industry.
Language – Culture – Politics: International Journal is a scientific periodical issued by the Editorial Board of The Institute of Foreign Languages and International Relations composed of three departments: English and American Studies, Slavic Studies, and International Relations. Due to the range of disciplines represented by the members of the Editorial Board, the periodical is open to publications covering such spheres as language and literature, education, culture, social studies, religious studies, philosophy, political science and international relations, and therefore, the area of humanities in its broadest scope and content of the term.
The periodical is composed of three main parts, signaled by its title: LANGUAGE – CULTURE – POLITICS. Besides, one additional part – CRITICAL REVIEWS can always be added whenever thematically related materials are sent.
The sent by authors articles are qualified to publication after they are positively reviewed. The names of independent reviewers are given in the opening section of the journal.
This this year’s issue features a diverse range of scholarly articles, presents a rich collection of interdisciplinary studies. In the field of language, articles explore themes such as language preservation, multilingual education, and innovative strategies for enhancing communication skills in non-linguistic contexts. Cultural research focuses on the impact of cultural diplomacy, the nuances of artistic translation, and the resilience of students in post-pandemic scenarios. Political analyses highlight geopolitical priorities, media diplomacy, and the complexities of cultural diplomacy during conflicts, offering a comprehensive overview of global and societal issues.
Content analysis is one of the most frequently applied methods for the research of various forms of discourse, including political discourse. As a research technique, it was developed in studies on communication and is now frequently used in linguistics, for example, in text analysis, systematic studies of written text or transcribed speech, as well as in research on nontextual message content. The following article deals with the application of content analysis in research into political discourse and discusses the crucial concepts of the research method. Specifically, it describes the manifest and latent content of political texts and presents two notions particularly useful in the evaluation of content analysis, i.e., ‘reliability’ and ‘validity.’ Additionally, two broad approaches to content analysis are discussed. The first is qualitative content analysis, and the second is quantitative content analysis.
Teachers and students are increasingly using digital educational offerings alongside traditional materials. Systematic research by Tuchscherer and Wiepcke (i. E.) shows that the digital measures of vocational orientation are very differentiated in terms of media type and range from information offers on internet platforms, competence tests, to gamified solutions in relation to the presentation of workplaces or company internships. The digital media types are accompanied by potentials in that digital competence areas as well as competence areas of career guidance can be addressed.
In addition to the potential, it should be noted that many offers are not subject to quality assurance. It is therefore important to assess digital professional orientation measures on the basis of quality criteria. This article examines the question of which quality criteria of digital educational measures should be used for an assessment and whether the digital educational measures in career orientation meet these quality criteria. The results, which were produced with the help of a structured qualitative content analysis according to Mayring (2023), show that 64.9% of the derived quality criteria are met and 35.1% are conditionally met. In addition, it was found that the majority of the previously defined criteria enable good applicability.
The agentic capacity of youth as peacebuilders is now not in doubt. In this paper we used a mixed methods research to explore the views of elite youth concerning the challenges to youth engagement in peacebuilding. The study population included 120 females and 183 males. Out of the 303, we noticed that 145 had some experience with conflict while 26 were active fighters. From the results, we argued that there are three strands of factors affecting youth engagement in peacebuilding. First, youth are mobilised by political forces (actors) and traditional leaders. Second, youth are excluded from peacebuilding initiatives because they are conceptualised as troublemakers. Thirdly, the youth lack peacebuilding skills. Therefore, peacebuilding organisations, institutions and networks should actively train youth in peace programming initiatives. National architectures of peace should organize peacebuilding capacity training programmes for youth and engage them actively in peacebuilding initiatives.
Despite borrower disloyalty being a concern, path decisions must still be analysed. Using the switching path analysis technique, this study analysed the triggers, determinants, and consequences of borrower switching. A non-probability sampling method was employed for this analysis. Specifically, snowball sampling was used to collect data because of limited access to Indonesian peer-to-peer lending (P2P) borrowers in borrower lending groups. Snowball sampling was used to recruit more P2P lending borrowers in Indonesia. The sampling method included 31 participants. The findings revealed the following: (1) triggers (situational, influential, and reactional); (2) switching determinants (push, pull, and swayer); and (3) consequences of switching (ir-path or re-path). This study contributes to the service literature by providing a sequential process lens to address how borrowers switch or stop with one P2P lending provider. The findings provide practitioners with data that will allow them to learn how borrowers switch and prevent them from switching.
A agricultura de conservação (AC) é um sistema agrícola que utiliza um conjunto de técnicas agrícolas que têm como função proteger o solo da erosão, melhorar a fertilidade do solo, aumentar a sua rentabilidade, contribuindo para a proteção do meio ambiente, melhorando deste modo a sustentabilidade social. Apesar de se praticar a Agricultura de Conservação em Moçambique, desde 1996, Moçambique ainda enfrenta situações de pobreza extrema. Face a esta situação, apesquisa teve como objectivo examinar até que ponto a agricultura de conservação pode aliviar a pobreza em Moçambique. A questão central foi a seguinte: Como a Agricultura de Conservação podeser uma resposta sustentável perante situações de pobreza? Trata-se de um estudo de caso, utilizando uma abordagem mista na qual foi usada a técnica de amostragem não probabilística (por conveniência) e probabilística aleatória simples. Ambas tiveram como recurso o questionário.Noestudo qualitativo os dados foram gerados por meio de perguntas abertas, através de entrevistas, observações participantes, discussões de grupos focais e análise de documentos. No estudo quantitativo os dados foram colectadose analisados por meio de tabelas e cálculos efectuados de acordo com os resultados. O estudo comparou a agricultura de conservação com a agricultura tradicional (AT), para a produção das culturas de milho, mapira e feijão, de 1997 a 2012, em duas comunidades rurais, pertencentes ao Distrito de Chibabava, província de Sofala. Os resultados mostraram que a Agricultura de Conservação (AC) é uma estratégia que se revela sustentável para dar uma resposta social positiva às situações de pobreza absoluta em que se encontra a maioria dos moçambicanos. Conservation agriculture (CA), is an agricultural system that uses a set of agricultural techniques which function to protect the soil from erosion, improve soil fertility, increase its profitability, contributing to environmental protection, improving this to social sustainability. Although this has been practice of Conservation Agriculture in Mozambique since 1996, Mozambique still faces extreme poverty. Given this situation the research aimed to examine the extent to which conservation agriculture can alleviate poverty in Mozambique. The central question was: How the Conservation Agriculture can alleviate poverty? This is a case study using a mixed approach in which we used the sampling technique not probabilistic (for convenience) and simple random probability. Both had the appeal questionnaire. In qualitative study data were generated through open questions, through interviews, participant observation, focus group discussions and document analysis. In quantitative study data were collected and analyzed by means of tables and calculations carried out according to the results. The study compared the conservation farming with traditional agriculture (AT), for the production of maize, sorghum and beans from 1997 to 2012 in two rural communities belonging to Chibabava district, Sofala province. The results showed that the Conservation Agriculture (CA) is a strategy that can alleviate poverty.
In times of disruption, a company’s ability to manage its supply chain effectively can determine its success or failure. This paper explores the extent to which strategic partnership development, mediated by digital transformation, enhances supply chain effectiveness during such periods. A mixed methods approach was used, involving surveys and interviews with professionals from the Saudi Arabian manufacturing sector. The study’s findings reveal that digital transformation and strategic partnerships work synergistically together to enhance supply chain resilience and effectiveness, resulting in improved operational agility and adaptability. Four key enablers of supply chain digital transformation were identified: inter-business coordination, leadership, technological culture, and recruitment management. These insights contribute significantly to our understanding of how businesses can build resilient supply chains in uncertain environments.
Este artículo tiene por objetivos: a) analizar, desde una perspectiva histórica, las vivencias de las personas pobladoras de El Valle La Estrella y su relación con las inundaciones, el territorio y el Comité Comunal de Emergencias de El Valle La Estrella [CCEVE] y b) estudiar las experiencias de las y los miembros del CCEVE en la gestión y atención de emergencias asociadas a fenómenos hidrometeorológicos. Para ello, la pesquisa partió de una estrategia de investigación de base interdisciplinaria que vinculó métodos y técnicas de disciplinas como la antropología, sociología, la lingüística y la historia. Específicamente, se recurrió a la historia oral, la etnografía, la pragmática, el análisis del discurso y de contenido. La recolección y exploración de los testimonios se hizo mediante la aplicación de entrevistadas semiestructuradas. Como conclusión general del estudio aquí propuesto se desprende que el conocimiento metafórico deja al descubierto la
existencia de un ciclo hidrosocial pendiente de resoluciones, en donde la gestión ciudadana y la territorial actúan como detonantes en la generación de fricciones y disputas sociales.
This paper aims to explore the dimensions of community engagement (CE) strategies and their impact on destination competitiveness, while also examining gender differences in CE across tourist destinations in India. Employing an exploratory sequential methodology, the study collected primary data through focus group discussions and expert interviews in the qualitative phase, followed by a structured questionnaire in the descriptive phase. Factor analysis and t-tests were utilized for data analysis. The findings identify 16 CE strategies grouped into three key dimensions: governance, stewardship, and empowerment. Additionally, the study found no significant gender differences in the adoption of CE practices and processes that contribute to grassroots sustainability in community-based tourism (CBT) destinations. By moving beyond the conventional CE framework, this study offers a comprehensive view of local empowerment, stewardship, and governance in tourism resource management, providing valuable insights for policymaking. Furthermore, it highlights the importance of reinforcing local sustainability in tourism operations while considering potential gender dynamics in resource appropriation
This pilot evaluation research protocol (D.4.1) was developed by ZSI in collaboration with the LINKS Foundation and IfW Kiel. It outlines the technical details of the research methods used in RAISE-UP for the pilot study.
Theoretical and methodological approaches of the project's three interventions—coaching and capacity building for teachers, and student interventions—along with the difference-in-difference design applied, are described in detail.
The appendix includes developed surveys for both teachers and students, as well as protocols from pretesting, which provide methodological insights. This research protocol may be of interest to researchers in the fields of education, green and digital skills, and experimental survey design.
Many existing studies have investigated the relationship between business model innovation (hereafter BMI) and managerial cognition. Although those studies are contributed to our theoretical and practical understanding of the role of managerial cognition on BMI, they have been suffered from the limitations in explaining the mechanism of how managerial cognition on industry recipe and identity influences the selection between architectural and modular BMI. In order to understand the current development and research gaps, this study reviewed existing studies on the integrative approach of literature review. It presents the results of literature review: relationship between industry recipe and BMI; relationship between organizational identity and BMI. The conclusion contains the implications.
Amidst the rapidly evolving work environment that increasingly necessitates personalized approaches towards employees, there is a pressing need to broaden our understanding of idiosyncratic deals (i‐deals) and their third‐party implications in the workplace. Although immediate responses to i‐deals often hinge on equity and social comparison, this approach does not fully explain co‐workers' perceptions of others' i‐deals. By reconciling various theoretical accounts, we propose that co‐workers' perceptions of i‐deals largely depend on the implementation of i‐deals and related justice perceptions of co‐workers. However, our understanding of how i‐deal implementation shapes co‐workers' perceptions of i‐deals from a justice perspective remains limited. Therefore, we conducted an inductive multiple‐case study through 48 in‐depth interviews involving managers, i‐deal receivers (i‐dealers), and co‐workers. Building on our findings, we develop an emergent framework that explains how the implementation of i‐deals, when viewed through the lens of organizational justice, can shape co‐workers' perceptions of i‐deals. This novel perspective enriches the i‐deal literature by offering a fresh angle on the third‐party implications of i‐deals, emphasizing the significance of their implementation and related fairness perceptions.
Emotions fluctuate during the process of social interaction. Although the co-creation of emotions through organizational behavior has been discussed theoretically in existing research, there is no method to demonstrate how emotions are co-created. Instead, previous studies have paid much attention to empathy, in which a person’s emotions are contagious. In contrast to self-report, which is a traditional method that can only assess emotions at a single point in time and adapts to empathy, biometric technology has made it possible to analyze emotional fluctuations over time. However, previous studies have focused only on understanding the emotional fluctuations of individuals separately. In the present study, we developed a system to measure the co-creation of emotions using a wearable device. The pulse rate was converted into valence as a positive–negative emotion, and the fluctuations in valence were analyzed by cross-correlation. We demonstrated the feasibility of the proposed system through triangulation by integrating biometrics with observation and self-report. The proposed system was verified to measure the co-creation of pair and group emotions using real-world data beyond laboratory settings. The present study contributes to business administration by proposing a critical concept for measuring the co-creation of emotions based on a constructionist approach.
This chapter discusses the methodology used in conducting case studies of two latecomer firms in Argentina. The purpose of these case studies is to understand why and how these firms were able to survive, grow, and catch up with global competitors during multiple economic crises in the country. The selection of case studies was based on the strategic selection of extreme cases that could provide rich and contrasting results. The two firms selected were TENARIS and IMPSA, both of which are high-tech manufacturing firms that have achieved international success despite the challenging context in Argentina.
The data collection for these case studies involved three main sources of evidence: internal documentation, archival records, and recorded interviews. Internal documentation included annual reports, balance sheets, and financial statements, which provided quantitative data for key performance variables and firm characteristics. Archival records consisted of newspaper articles from 1968 to 2012, which helped corroborate the information from internal documentation. Recorded interviews conducted by third parties were used to gather firsthand information from top-level management.
The analysis of the case studies followed an exploratory approach to examine the evolutionary path of the two firms and identify their major technological achievements and key business milestones. A pattern-matching technique was then used to compare the successful performance of these firms with the unsuccessful performance of other manufacturing firms in Argentina. An explanatory-building approach was used to establish a link between the firms’ performances and the key drivers for catching up explained in the conceptual framework of the study.
The quality of the research process was ensured through four quality tests: construct validity, internal validity, external validity, and reliability. Multiple sources of data were used to mitigate subjective and biased judgments, and analytic tactics were applied to establish meaningful relationships. Statistical generalizations were not possible due to the limited number of case studies, but the aim was to disprove the neoclassical assumption that all firms respond alike to the same incentives.
In conclusion, this chapter provides an overview of the methodology used in conducting case studies of two latecomer firms in Argentina. The selection of extreme cases and the use of multiple sources of evidence contribute to the reliability and validity of the research findings. The analysis of the case studies helps understand the factors that contributed to the success of these firms in catching up with global competitors.
This study investigates which local conditions enable community-based enterprises (CBEs) to create impact. Advancing our limited understanding of the various contexts that enable CBEs to tackle societal issues locally, we investigate supportive conditions across 77 CBEs driving the energy transition in their geographic community. Through qualitative comparative analysis, we identify four condition configurations for CBE impact creation. Across these configurations, we reveal transferable mechanisms helping CBEs to engage community members (Opportunity- and Community-anchoring) and handle the absence of a supportive condition (Circumventing and Compensating). Our study suggests how CBEs can combine these mechanisms to create impact in varied local contexts.
Industry 5.0 suggests a new stage of industrial growth that expands upon earlier stages of industrialization, emphasizing human-centered approaches to technology and digital sustainability. With its innovative approach, Industry 5.0 will contribute to the resolution of the manufacturing-social need mismatch issue. In contrast to other industrial revolutions that placed more emphasis on the financial aspects of sustainability, the Industry 5.0 vision places more emphasis on social demands and human centricity. This book Aspects of Quality Management in Value Creating in the Industry 5.0 Way focuses on the challenges that companies in the field of quality management in Industry 5.0 face, particularly in relation to client value aspects. The book devotes a lot of space to the issues of client satisfaction , cybersecurity, e-commerce, TQM, and collaborative work between robots and humans in the company. Features: • Characterizes the new role of value for customer 5.0 in the augmented era • Analyzes the collaborative work between robots and humans in Industry 5.0 conditions • Investigates the complex relationship between satisfaction, awareness, perception, attitude, and demographics, as well as examining how technological advances and market performance impact client satisfaction Includes: • E-client in the cyber-security aspect • Multi-Agent Technology (MAT) to maintain Total Quality Management (TQM) in manufacturing and MAT's role in TQM • A novel structure for innovation, "Innovation Control (IC)," to integrate creative thinking and business strategy • Industry 5.0 inside the automotive sector
Export-led industrialization is crucial for economic growth, emphasizing the shift from primary production to manufacturing. Malawi aims for industrialization through its National Export Strategy (NES), focusing on oilseed and sugarcane products and manufacturing. However, research gaps exist on export promotion programs’ impact, especially in less developed countries like Malawi and specific sectors like plastics and packaging. A mixed-method approach was employed, combining qualitative and quantitative methods for robust analysis. All 13 firms in Malawi’s plastics and packaging industry were surveyed in Blantyre and Lilongwe to assess the impact of the National Export Strategy (NES). A questionnaire with 37 questions across six sections, adapted from prior research, was used to gather comprehensive data on various aspects such as employment, production, and investment. Ethical clearance was obtained, and completed questionnaires underwent thorough review before data analysis. Results are presented in subsequent sections. The impact of Malawi’s National Export Strategy (NES) on its plastics and packaging industry highlights vital challenges. Employment suffers from a lack of skilled labor, stemming from a mismatch with training institutions. Firms struggle with limited access to finance and high borrowing costs, hindering investment. High taxes and duties hamper export competitiveness, while unreliable energy supply increases operational costs. Additionally, transportation expenses impede raw material imports, exports, and local distribution. These findings underscore the need to address skill mismatches, enhance financial access, reduce trade barriers, and improve infrastructure to bolster the industry’s resilience and competitiveness under the NES. Policy implications include collaborating with financial institutions to enhance access to grants and affordable credit, imposing higher import taxes on finished products to protect local producers, improving energy supply, enhancing transportation infrastructure, introducing incentives for investment in support services, raising awareness of NES benefits, and establishing industry-specific meetings to address sector-specific issues. These measures aim to bolster the plastics and packaging industry’s competitiveness and support its growth under the NES.
In today's data-driven era, ubiquitous concern about environmental issues pushes more startups to engage in business model innovation that promotes environmentally friendly technologies. The goal of these startups is to create technology-based products and services that enhance environmental sustainability. In this context, artificial intelligence promises to be a key instrument to create, capture, and deliver value. However, the existing literature lacks a deep understanding of how startups using AI innovate their business models to achieve a positive environmental impact. Therefore, this paper investigates how green technology startups utilize AI from a business model innovation perspective for environmental sustainability. We conduct a qualitative, exploratory multiple-case study using the Eisenhardt methodology, based on interview data analyzed using qualitative content analysis. We derive five predominant manifestations for AI-driven business model innovation and identify archetypical connections between business model dimensions. Further, we establish three overarching archetypical associations among the cases. In doing so, we contribute to theory and practice by providing a deeper account of how green technology startups attempt to maximize their positive environmental impact through AI. The results of this study also highlight how business model innovation driven by AI can support society in securing a more environmentally sustainable future.
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