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Middle Eocene Cypraeoideans from the San Juan Formation, Chiapas, southern Mexico
Abstract
Four cypraeoid species one new, and six subspecies, two new from the middle Eocene San Juan Formation in central Chiapas, southern Mexico are described and illustrated. The new species Macrocypraea veintensis sp.nov., and two new subspecies Bernaya (Bernaya ) media chiapasensis subsp. nov., and Cypraeorbis alabamensis mexicana subsp. nov. are established from well preserved specimens. Based on lithology and fossil content, a middle Eocene age for the San Juan Formation is confirmed.
... Located to the northwest of Tuxtla Gutiérrez in Chiapas state (Licari 1960;Allison 1967;Ferrusquía-Villafranca 1996), the San Juan Formation have light-brown shales and yellowish-brown fine-grained calcarenite, composed of conglomerates, sandstone, siltstone, limestone, marl, and coquina (Ferrusquía-Villafranca 1996;Perrilliat et al. 2003). The fossil record in the unit contains foraminifers (Ferrusquía-Villafranca 1996;Perrilliat et al. 2003), calcareous algae, wood, bivalves, corals, annelids, gastropods, nautiloids, bivalves, echinoderms (Perrilliat et al. 2003), crustaceans, bony fishes (Vega et al. 2001), and sharks (Ferrusquía-Villafranca et al. 1999). ...
... Located to the northwest of Tuxtla Gutiérrez in Chiapas state (Licari 1960;Allison 1967;Ferrusquía-Villafranca 1996), the San Juan Formation have light-brown shales and yellowish-brown fine-grained calcarenite, composed of conglomerates, sandstone, siltstone, limestone, marl, and coquina (Ferrusquía-Villafranca 1996;Perrilliat et al. 2003). The fossil record in the unit contains foraminifers (Ferrusquía-Villafranca 1996;Perrilliat et al. 2003), calcareous algae, wood, bivalves, corals, annelids, gastropods, nautiloids, bivalves, echinoderms (Perrilliat et al. 2003), crustaceans, bony fishes (Vega et al. 2001), and sharks (Ferrusquía-Villafranca et al. 1999). The paleoenvironments are episodes of shallow, marine waters with high organic productivity and low terrigenous influence, combined with well-oxygenated shallow waters influenced by continental sedimentation and, probably, with marsh conditions from a deltaic lagoon system (Ferrusquía-Villafranca 1996;Perrilliat et al. 2003). ...
... Located to the northwest of Tuxtla Gutiérrez in Chiapas state (Licari 1960;Allison 1967;Ferrusquía-Villafranca 1996), the San Juan Formation have light-brown shales and yellowish-brown fine-grained calcarenite, composed of conglomerates, sandstone, siltstone, limestone, marl, and coquina (Ferrusquía-Villafranca 1996;Perrilliat et al. 2003). The fossil record in the unit contains foraminifers (Ferrusquía-Villafranca 1996;Perrilliat et al. 2003), calcareous algae, wood, bivalves, corals, annelids, gastropods, nautiloids, bivalves, echinoderms (Perrilliat et al. 2003), crustaceans, bony fishes (Vega et al. 2001), and sharks (Ferrusquía-Villafranca et al. 1999). The paleoenvironments are episodes of shallow, marine waters with high organic productivity and low terrigenous influence, combined with well-oxygenated shallow waters influenced by continental sedimentation and, probably, with marsh conditions from a deltaic lagoon system (Ferrusquía-Villafranca 1996;Perrilliat et al. 2003). ...
Fishes are a paraphyletic group composed by craniates except for the four-limbed clade Tetrapoda. This group was the only vertebrate representative until the Devonian but now comprises almost half of the vertebrate species, dominating nearly all aquatic environments. The fossil record is the key to understand the ancient paleobiodiversity and the patterns that lead the modern fish fauna, and paleontological collections play a fundamental role in providing accommodation, maintenance, and access to the specimens and their respective metadata. Here we present a systematic checklist of fossil fishes housed in the type collection of the Colección Nacional de Paleontología which is located at the Instituto de Geología of Universidad Nacional Autónoma de México. Currently housed in the type collection are 14 chondrichthyan specimens, belonging to two superorders, five orders, seven families, 10 genera, and five nominal species, and 361 osteichthyan specimens, belonging to eight orders, nine families, nine genera, and 26 nominal species. These fossils come from 32 localities and 15 geological units, which range temporally from the Jurassic to the Pleistocene. The paleoichthyofauna housed in the type collection of the Colección Nacional de Paleontología is remarkable for its singularity and reveals new insights about the origin and diversification of many groups of fishes. The recovery and curation of this fossil material indicates that knowledge of Mexican fossil fish diversity and its role in understanding lower vertebrate evolution are just emerging and reaffirms the importance of the biological and paleontological collections to the future biodiversity research.
... Contrariamente, los crustáceos y moluscos marinos de los clados Gastropoda y Bivalvia han generado particular interés en investigadores que han centrado sus estudios en estos especímenes, logrando con ello la identificación de varias especies, muchas de ellas nuevas para la ciencia (e.g. Feldmann et al., 1996;Perrilliat et al., 2003Perrilliat et al., , 2006Perrilliat et al., , 2010Vega et al., 2001aVega et al., , 2001bVega et al., , 2006Vega et al., , 2007Vega et al., , 2008Vega et al., , 2009Hyžný et al., 2013;Garissino et al., 2013) Las arañas e insectos son el grupo de invertebrados que menos registros tuvo (ver cuadro 5), a pesar de que la Colección Paleontológica alberga una colección con 215 piezas de ámbar con inclusiones biológicas que contienen en su mayoría insectos (Avendaño et al., 2012). No obstante, la falta de especialista en esos grupos ha generado pocos trabajos taxonómicos y por ende sólo unos cuantos ejemplares han podido ser determinados a nivel genérico e infragenérico (e.g. ...
... Rangos genéricos e infragenéricos Perrilliat et al., 2003;Perrilliat et al., 2006;Perrilliat et al., 2010;Vega et al., 2006 Chelicerata (Arachnida) Todos Zhang, 2011;Dunlop et al., 2013 Hexapoda (Insecta) Todos Zhang, 2011;Holzenthal et al., 2011 Crustacea Rangos supragenéricos Zhang, 2011;Ahyong et al., 2011 Rangos genéricos e infragenéricos Vega et al., 2001a, Vega et al., 2001bVega et al., 2006;Vega et al., 2008;Vega et al., 2009;Chondrichtyes Todos Cappetta, 1987 Osteichthyes ( ...
The goal of the Paleontological Collection of the Secretaría de Medio Ambiente e Historia Natural (CP-SEMAHN) aims to have the highest representation of fossils from Chiapas. In this work, a preliminary analysis of the CP-SEMAHN was performed. Two objectives were contemplated to achieve at the first stage: 1) the systematization of specimens in a database 2) and recount the genera and/or species housed in the collection, as well as make an initial count of the number of determined specimens. As a result I obtained a database in Biotica 5.0 with 1,005 specimens. The taxonomic groups Echinodermata, Mollusca, Arthropoda (Arachnida, Insecta and Crustacea) and Vertebrata (Chondrichtyes, Actinopterygii, Reptilia and Mammalia) were computed. The analysis shows that the better represented group at the CP-SEMAHN is Mollusca, with 586 records, including 59 species in 44 genera, followed by Crustacea, with 201 records, including 44 species in 38 genera. By contrast, Arachnida was the least represented group, with only four records, including four monospecific genera. These results show the taxa with more taxonomic work, and makes it clear the extensive taxonomic work that remains to be done.
... Paleogene strata in the NEP region represent the most stratigraphically continuous record of data for nearshore-shelf conditions (i.e., suitable cypraeoidean habitats) found anywhere in the entire circum-Pacific area. Perrilliat et al. (2003) documented a cypraeoidean fauna from the middle Eocene San Juan Formation near Tuxtla Gutiérrez, Chiapas, southern México. Although this fauna is not part of the NEP, and most of the specimens are poorly preserved internal molds, commentary on pertinent specimens are included. ...
Fabaceae are one of the most diverse flowering-plant groups today, and in Mexico their presence is well represented since the late Cretaceous. In this work are reported two fossil woods from the El Bosque Formation, early Eocene of Southern Mexico. These new records show close resemblance with the modern wood of Kingiodendron (Detarioideae) and Enterolobium (Caesalpinioideae). Detarioideae subfamily show a diversity much higher in tropical Africa than in South America or Asia, while the mimosoid clade diversity is pantropical. The relicts of both groups are known from the Paleocene onwards around the world. Comparing the fossil record and the fossils here studied, it is possible to confirm the presence of Fabaceae in Mexican territory since the Cretaceous and to suggest that the family was one of the most important components of the earliest forests in Mexico through the Cenozoic.
Additionally, in this work describes the oldest record of the genera fossil for Kingiodendron and Enterolobium worldwide, which contributes towards the understanding the paleo-dispersal pathways of both groups within the early branching Fabaceae.
RÉSUMÉ : La coquille figurée sous le nom de Cypraea (Bernayia) [sic] media par Cossmann & Pissarro (1911) dans " l'Iconographie ” et provenant de l'Auversien (Bartonien, Éocène moyen) de Auvers-sur-Oise (Val d'Oise, France), n’est pas du tout la coquille pour laquelle Deshayes (1835) a attribué ce nom. Nous en donnons la description et proposons de désigner cette espèce nouvelle Bernaya amandula nov. sp.
ABSTRACT: The shell figured under the name Cypraea (Bernayia) [sic] media by Cossmann & Pissarro (1911) in "Iconography" and from the Auversian (Bartonian, Middle Eocene) of Auvers-sur-Oise (Val d'Oise, France), is not at all the shell for which Deshayes (1835) attributed this name. We give the description and propose to designate this species Bernaya amandula nov. sp.
For the first time in a century, the Cypraeidae and Ovulidae of the middle Ypresian of the Paris basin are reviewed systematically and taxonomically. Two species whose types are lost, have not been collected again. However, this assemblage appears to be relatively diverse with ten genera encompassing seventeen species. Among them, six new species of Cypraeidae (two Archicypraea, three Bernaya, one Cyproglobina) and three new species of Ovulidae (one Eocypraea, two Transovula) are described.
Gastropods from the Lower Eocene El Bosque Formation in central Chiapas, Mexico, are reported in this contribution. Thirty-two species are described and figured, four of them are new species - Calliostotna granulata, Crommium globosa, Lyrischapa spinifera, and Volutocorbis minutus - and one new subspecies, Palmerella mortoni mexicana, is erected. The age for the sediments of the studied locality is redefined based on 87Sr/86Sr analysis of well preserved Hercoglossa cf. H. ulrichi specimens as being Ypresian (52 Ma). Stratigraphic range of most of the species here described is concordant with the age inferred from isotopic data. Paleobiogeographic affinities with the Atlantic and Gulf Coastal Provinces are also confirmed, and some have affinities with the Tethyan Province.
A new species of Bernaya sensu stricto (Cypraeidae) from Eocene rocks of Washington and four new species of Eocypraea sensu stricto (Eocypraeidae), one from Paleocene strata of northern California, two from Eocene strata of Washington, and one from Baja California Sur, Mexico, are described. The new species of Bernaya sensu stricto and the Washington spe-cies of Eocypraea sensu stricto represent the northernmost Cenozoic records for their respective genera in western North America. A tentative record of Eocypraea (Eocypraea) inflata (Lamarck, 1802), previously known only from the Lutetian Stage (middle Eocene) of France, Belgium, and England, is noted from the middle Eocene Domengine Formation of Kings County, California.
Se revisa e ilustra la paleobiodiversidad de Chiapas, con base en registros formales e informales de localidades cuyas edades abarcan desde el Pérmico hasta el Pleistoceno. Se proporciona información sobre los diversos taxa descritos, incluyendo microfósiles, plantas, invertebrados y vertebrados. La diversidad fósil registrada confirma que Chiapas ha constituido una región con una amplia diversidad de grupos, desde el Paleozoico hasta nuestros días.
La Mesa de Copoya Selachifauna, middle Eocene San Juan Formation, the Tuxtla Gutiérrez-Chiapa de Corzo-Suchiapa area, west-central Chiapas, southeastern Mexico, consists of these taxa: Nebrius sp., Strilatolamnia macrota, Carcharias sp., Odontaspis? sp., Isurus cf., I. praecursur, Carcharodon auriculatus, Hemipristis sp., Galeocerdo sp., an indeterminated odontaspid, and a possible carcharhinid. The genera are cosmopolitan, include tropical, frequently shallow marine, near shore, piscivorous species, plus a few scavengers (like Galeocerdo sp.), and small invertebrate crushers (like Nebrius sp.). This selachian assemblage is but a small, biased sample of the rich fish fauna that inhabited the extensive Middle American-Caribbean Antillean tropical realm during the Paleogene; it affords, however, a tantalizing view of shark life in that age, which is an exceedingly important, but poorly known and documented episode of carcharian evolution and diversification in the tropics.
Because of its narrowness and low divide (altitude 244 m), the Isthmus of Tehuantepec has caused much speculation and discussion regarding possible seaways between the Atlantic and Pacific oceans. Böse indicated in 1905 that no Cenozoic seaways crossed the Isthmus, nevertheless several subsequent authors have insisted on such a connection.
A re-examination of the Isthmus region clearly indicates that no Cenozoic seaways have crossed it, although Miocene seas from the north penetrated more than half way to the Pacific. No post-Cretaceous marine sediments are present on the Pacific side of the continental divide, nor are there any marine terraces on the extensive Tehuantepec plain, contrary to earlier authors. The Tehuantepec plain is separated from the adjacent mountains in many places by faults. The adjacent continental shelf extends seaward about 100 km, apparently as an expansion of the plain.
Paleocene and middle Eocene marine beds occur in the Tuxtla Gutierrez area. Upon preliminary examination, the small foraminiferan faunas show some resemblance to California faunas of similar age. The molluscan faunas show no significant similarity to described North Pacific coastal faunas. The resemblances noted by Maldonado-Koerdell and Gardner and Bowles are not considered indicative of North Pacific affinities.
Thick gravels, apparently Pleistocene, represent several episodes of deposition on the continental divide and northward from it, and with probable lacustrine deposits they suggest greater local relief or heavier rainfall in this locality during the Pleistocene.
Several sequences of apparent nonmarine rocks of presumed Tertiary age are present along the highway in the mountains between Tehuantepec and Oaxaca. In one of the younger sequences, near the village of Nejapa, a Merychippus palate and bones of a camelid, indicative of Miocene age, were found.
Facsimil de la tesis del autor Tesis (Ph. D.) -- University of California, 1967
The area lies between 16º35'-16º45' N Lat. and 93º00'-93º10' W Long; and consists of 323.3 km2 of moderately rugged terrain set between 380-1,240 mamsl, formed by these units: Sierra Madre Limestone (Middle Cretaceous, light olive gray, thick bedded biomicrite, 800 m thick occurring in the southwest), Angostura Formation (Late Cretaceous, light gray, medium bedded, sparsely fossiliferous biomicrite to biomicrudite and calcarenite, 300-350 m. thick, cropping out both in the southwest and northeast), Soyaló Formation (Paleocene, gray, shaly, thin bedded, arkosic-phyllarenitic, clayey siltstone, 150 m. thick; it is exposed in the outer margins of the lowlands that surround La Mesa de Copoya, which is the outstanding physiographic feature of the area), El Bosque Formation (Early Eocene, grayish red, medium to thick bedded, phyllarenitic sandstone and breccioid conglomerate, 100 m. thick, occurring out in the southern lowlands.), and San Juan Formation (Middle Eocene, marly -quartz phyllarenitic- biomicrite to biosparrudite with biostromic zones, intercalated with biomicrudite-supported, coarse grained sand-granule-to-gravel, quartz phyllarenitic sandstone to conglomerate; the unit becomes less limy upward (upper third), is 450 - 500 m. thick, makes up both La Mesa and the slope around it, and bears the name-sake selachifauna. Quaternary deposits complete the sequence. The Pre-Quaternary units are broadly folded into a NW-SE trending syncline, disrupted by faults. The area largely records Cretaceous-Paleogene marine sedimentation -punctuated by Early Eocene continental deposition- that ceased sometime during the Tertiary, probably by Late Miocene time, because of a change in the tectonic regime that led to folding, fracturing/faulting and regional uplift. Subsequent erosion nearly removed the Tertiary units, the remainder is preserved in the syncline nucleus.
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